La Voz de Aztlan, November 21 1988
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, November 21 1988
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
11/21/1988
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00179
extracted text
VOZDE
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FREsNO
MONDAY, NOVEMBER
21, 1988
Escalante to
keynote CYC
Portrayed in film 'Stand and Deliver'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
East Los Angeles math teacher Jaime
Escalante, whose work with minority
high school students inspired the motion
picture "Stand and Deliver" earlier this
year, will be the keynote speaker for the
16th annual Chicano Youth Conference
on January 14.
Escalante, a Garfield High School math
teacher, was portrayed in the movie by
award-winning actor Edward James
Olmos. Both figures enjoy high profiles
in the Chicano/Latino community.
Escalante's presence is expected to draw
increased interest to the conference due to
the movie's acclaim in the Hispani
community.
Irma
Serrano,
Chicano
Youth
Conference Committee chair, said that
Escalante will be "one of the greatest
motivators at the conference."
"You don't see many· teachers
him," said Serrano, "He will be the best
person to help students see the light
about the importance of education."
"Stand and Deliver" is the story of
Escalante's work at Garfield, where he
motivates students at the 99.9 percent
Hispanic school to excel in the most
difficult of math sciences, calculus,
according to a recent article from Hispanic
Link News Service.
Escalante taught a group of minority
students to pass difficult placement tests
but when they accomplished that feat,
test officials suspected the students
cheated. The students retook the tests and
passed the second time, thanks to the
skills and confidence he instilled in them.
The movie, directed by
El Teatro
Campesino founder and director Luis
Valdez, is a story about how , with gooa
'Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so
that they can improve this
land.'
- Jaime Escalante
direction , minority students can be
motivated to excel.
Escalante also inspired his colleagues
who now prepare nearly 500 students to
take other advanced placement tests,
Hispanic Link reported.
"It is neccessary to teach with the
patience of a turtle, the tenacity of 2.
spider, the power of a general and the
mind of a calculator," he told the news
service. "Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so that they
'w~e-·· .
Please see ESCALANTE, page 6
Latinos and AIDS
Central Valley AIDS Team seeks bilingual counselor
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
There are 48,000 of them in the
United States. Most of them don't know
they have it They seem to be evolving
by the thousands every year. 16,000 of
them are in California alone. 69 of them
have died in Fres11:9 already. Are we
playing Trivial Pursuit? De~nitely not
The information may be convincing but,
the controversy of Hispanics with AIDS
is no trivia.
AIDS, according to a spokesperson in San Francisco who chose not to be
identified, seems to be the "friend"
Mother warned them about bringing
home. "The only difference is that once
it's brought home, it will never leave."
This sad fact may indeed be true but as
Surgeon General C. Everett Koop puts it,
"We are fighting a disease, not people.
We must prevent the spread of AIDS,
while at the same time, preserve our
humanity and intim~::y."
Percentage of AIDS cases
by year of diagnosis and raceUnited States
~
Hispanic
1111 Black
S _Anglo
80
1-
zw
60
ct:
40
u
w
0..
0
1981
1982
According to the latest findings from
the American Journal of Health, every 14
minutes a new case of AIDS is reported.
Going at that pace, we'll have over
526,000 cases being reported every year.
That is the approximate total population
1983
1984
1985
1986
of Fresno County alone. By the year
2000, just 11 short years away, 10
million people will carry the virus. In
that year, the reported number of people
with AIDS will amount to five percent of
the total population of the United States.
That number, right now, is equal to the
total population of Florida or 50
Fresno's.
These figures may be
immense, but keep in mind that this does
not mean the reported cases of actual fullblown AIDS.
Candy Hall, who has been Volunteer
Coordinator for the Central Valley AIDS
Team in Fresno, made it clear that just
because "you've been exposed to the
virus, does not mean you will get the fullblown disease." She says, "We even had
a man from England who got the disease
15 years ago and no symptoms had
shown up until now."
IDill, who had been a volunteer for the
AIDS Team for six months and recently
promoted to a full time position as
Volunteer Coordinator for the AIDS
center says that "with lots of care,
treatment and proper education, the
chances are "slim" that one who has been
exposed to the disease will experience full-
Please see AIDS, page 8
Page 2
Monday, November 21, 1988
La-Voz de Aztlan
Carrasco's Corner
revenue e~cements
Free Speech and
Social Responsibility
'Rev-a-,nU en-'hance-ment~
. 1. v,: hijher 'hlxes, cuu
·n &oc.ia.L sec.uri:tY, ·,ncrease
n defense a.nd Star 'tlor;
ie. fuur ~e. year"' of'
Re49anom ,cs/
\
. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......;•. , __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _111111!.
By Ivan T. Vincent
Guest Columnist
The First Amendment includes Freedom
of Speech and Freeddom of the Press.
One is contigent on the other an both rely
on prudence and responsibility. To
~comply to these laws, journalists, editors
and news people, as well as the average
man, woman and child must keep a check
and balance of their actions. Because of
this self-imposed restraint, the First
Amendment is not an absolute power
to allow a person to say whatever
whenever the feeling moves him or her,
and in the process licentiously and
vexatiously attack a group or minority.
highest degree of protection from official
interference. If that were the only sort
of expression entitled
to
First
Amendment protection, there would be no
need to talk about varying degrees, at
least when the subject-matter aspect of
the expression is concerned.
But political speech is not, of course,
the only subject matter to which Frist
Amendment protection has been extended.
The degree of protection, however, is not
uniform. The nature of, or the requried
governmental justification for, restriction
of speech on several subjects differs from
the nonn.
Several opinions suggest, for example,
that speech appealing to the interest in
To convey some appreciation of the sex but not qualifying as obscenity may
difficulties confronted in applying the be restricted in ways that other speech
First Amendment to any aspect of human may not
endeavor, to focus on in particular, is the
enormous diversity of expressive conduct
A second way of categorizing speech,
with respect to which it must be decided
other
than by its subject matter, is by its
whether First Amendment protection
truth
or falsity. False speech receives
exists, and if it does so, the extent of the
reduced
protection. It was argued in the
protection.
case Gertz v. Welch "...there is no
The law displays an enonnous evolution constitutional value in false statements of
in the last fifty years. Looking to the fact Neither the intentional lie no1· the
Supreme Court precedent after the era of careless error materially advances society's
World War I, the contrast is even more interest in 'uninhibitied, robust, and wideopen'...public issues."
Guest
Columnist
startling. Involving state rather than
federal action either addresses free-speech
objections under the state constitution's
equivalent of the First Amendment, or
addresses on the merits, rather than
dismissing as nonexistent, free-speech
guarantees under the federal constitution,
or procedes with no apparent awareness of
any conceivable free-speech problems.
The First Amendment categorically
prohibits nothing except prior restraints
on speech--that is, the suppression of
speech beforehand--and allows any sort of
speech to be punished after the fact, so
long as it has some "tendency" to be
harmful to the society. Only a few,
isolated opinions before World War I
indicate that the First Amendment could
be more than a paper guarantees. The
principal moral is that the First
Amendment is particularly fragile
protection, constantly subject to assault,
in and thus, constantly in need of zealous
defense.
The words of the First Amendment are
that "Congress shall ·make no
law ...abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press.... " What elements are
included within the terms "speech" and
"press?"
Does "abridgment" of the
"freedom" mean the same thing with
regard to all of those elements?
It is generclly agreed, for example, that
what might be called "political speech"-the expression of views en matters that
are, or could be, the subject cf
governmental action--is entitled to the
Drawing
the
line
between
constitutionally valuable "opinions" and
constitutionally
worthless
"false
statements of fact" has been one of the
major focuses of libel law ever since.
It has sometimes been suggested, but
thus far has never been accepted, that the
institutional press (the "media") has
particularly expansive First Amendment
rights. But if a speech can be categorized
on the basis of the identity of the speaker,
it can also be categorized on the basis of
the nature of the audience. It is well
established that a speech aimed at or
readily available to juveniles may be
regulated in circumstances where similar
speech aimed at or available to adults
could not
Last, but not least, speech may be
catego1ized !;:,• :~ mode of expressivn.
The Supreme Court has said "each
method of communicating ideas is 'a law
unto itself and that law must reflect the
'differing natures, values, abuses and
angers' of each method."
But differences among the various
modes of verbal communication are
nothing beside the differences between
verbal communications and some other
forms of expression. The Supreme Court
has said that "we cannot accept ~e view
that an apparently limitless variety of
conduct can be labeled 'speech' whenever
the person engaging in the conduct
intends to express an idea."
It seems clear from the cases that
verbal communications forms the core of
First Amendment protection and that
whatever the contours of those categories
may be are entitled to somewhat lesser
protection. But it suffices to convey
Please see, IVAN, page 3
La Voz de Aztlan Monday,, Novennber 21, 1988
Page 3
GUEST
COLUMNIST
SALON C
Continued from page 2
some appreciation of the difficulty and
complexity of a First Amendment
d~tcrmi.,ation. .-,urel:-,· !..~e ;;:esenct! or
absence of the various elements to which
those categories pertain is highly relevant
to whether, and to what extent, speech
can be abridged.
The variations are numerous, and if that
does not make the answer difficult enough
to predict, the degree of "heightened" or
"reduced" protection that the various
categories entail is entirely unspecified
and inherently unspccifiable.
A great concern with respect to First
Amendment law, as with respect to other
fields, is that elegant refinement may
have produced a system in which perfect
justice in the individual case is
theoretically more likely, but equivalent
justice in the whole body of cases
impossible. Even if the courts are free to
!~-in!:erpret the firs~ Amendment ad
libitum, unifonnity does not seem
worth the cost of unifonn foolishness.
- Investment
CSUF students who were NHSF Ambassadors were, left to right,
Albert Martinez, David Medez, Rosa Hildalgo, Silvia Virgo, Martina
Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris Bencomo, Juan Gonzalez, and Alfonso
Garcia. The unidentified student at right attends USFC.
First Amendment cases are not about
the First Amendment, but about some
concrete and fact-bound wrong that was
inflicted upon a group or minority.
700 make NHSF banquet a success
J}y.1., Johfln»~ ,Munoz ... ., "··, .,.
Staff Writer
,1111. :o1.
Much like the motion picture that
depic1.e<l Chicano success, the National
Hispanic Scholarship Fund "stood and
delivered" in Fresno last month.
The gala affair also included nine
CSUF Chicano students who served as
"student ambassadors."
"What we're going to do tonight is
stand and deliver, " said Al Alarcon,
chairman of the board for Fresno Friends
of the National Hispanic Scholarship
Fund ..
"We work in the community to fight
the drop-out problem, then we have to
come up with funds to keep the students
in school and help them finish their
education."
· .,,
·
Approximately 700 people turned out
for the black-tie, $100 a-plate dinner,
making this year's banquet one of the
largest for the NHSF, which holds such
affairs throughout the nation.
Guest appearances included actor
Lorenzo Lamas, star of "Falcon Crest,"
and celebrities Anthony Cordova, Marc
Allen Trujillo and Richard Yniguez from
Nosot:as, the orgarJzation of Hispanic
artists in the entcr:ainment industry.
Trujillo and Yniguez performed the
evening's entertainment, along with the
world-renown mariachi band "Los
Camperos."
The
NHSF
organization
provides
scholarships for Hispanic college students
which includes those of Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Carribbean, Central and
South American descent.
The
organization now in its second decade of
operation , is supported by more than 250
corporations, private foundations, and
businesses:
Recipients are chosen on academic
achievement,
personal
strengths, .
leadership and financial need.
Since its inception in 1975, the
NHSF is recognized as the leading
Hispanic scholarship organization in the
nation having awarded $4.8 million to
more than 7,om students nationwide.
according to NHSF literavm~ uistribui.Cd
at the banquet.
Last year, ten CSUF students received
scholarships ranging from $400 to
$1000. This year organizers hope to raise
$100,000 for Fresno County students
who demonstrate need.
Alarcon said, "I've always been
enthused for years with the NHSF and
I've always wanted to do something like
this in Fresno."
Traditionally fund raising events for the
NHSF have been held in larger cities such
as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago,
Houston and New York.
The CSUF students who served as
ambassadors were Albert Martinez, David
Medez, Rosa Hidalgo, Silvia Virgo,
Martina Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris
Bencomo, · Juan Gonz~:~. .AJfonso
Garcia.
Future lawyers benefit from CIL's Law Day '88
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
The ten&. annual Law Day '88
sponsored by the Chicanos in Law
Association
and
the
Associated
Students,lnc. was a success, according to
the CIL chairman.
"The conference was a success because
the workshops attracted large crowds and
law school recruiters were pleased with
the number of students who signed their
recruiting lists." said CIL chairman Joe
Peraza.
"There were a lot of students who were
also pleased because they got a hold of
applications from some of California's
top law schools." he added.
Chicanos In Law, in cooperation with
the Associated Students, sponsored their
tenth annual Law Day '88 on November 3
in the Cafeteria Room 200.
The day-long event is held to Whittier, and New College of Law.
familiarize students with the many
"I am learning a whole new language
procedures involved in entering law of legal tenninology this semester," said
school. It included several workshops panelist Jaime Rodriquez, a CSUF
one in particular was the Law School
Admission Test (LSA1) workshop. Ida
Jones, a business law professor here at "... a completely different
CSUF, gave an outline of the exam and
challenge... "
also gave key strategies on how to
prepare for it
- Jaime P. Rodriguez
Law Day represents is the only pre-law
conference in Central California.
The Student Panel orientation graduate and first year student at
workshop consisted of six Chicano Willamette College of Law, "But its great
first, second, and third year law school because I find it to be a completely
students who spoke about their difi'erent ch?Jlenge than my undergraduate
readjustment experiences during their first work I did while I was here at CSUF."
year and how the workload doubled
A workshop on an affirmative action
compared to their
undergraduate program, designed to increase the number
education.
of minorities in the legal profession,the
Among the law schools represented by Council on Legal Education Opportunity
the panelists were U.C. Berkeley, USC, ,c:::..E0)_was held.
Willamette College of Law, Hastings,
Workshop speaker Rosendo Pena, also
an attorney for the Fifth District Court of
Appeals and said, "The program is
designed to assist minority students
during their legal education and also to
help
eliminate
the
gross
underrepresentation of minorities in the
legal field.
Currently, Chicanos are being
represented at less than 1.5 % and Blacks
at 3% in the legal field nationwide,
according to Pena.
Fresno attorney Joel Murrillo, agreed
that there is an imperative need for
Chicano attorneys who speak Spanish and
understand that minority representation
in the legal field is needed.
A workshop on the admissions and
financial aid processes was also held. the
hour-long workshop speaker Kenneth
Please see CIL, page 7
"A Dancing Soul" Manuel R. Vasaure, Tulare Artist
Dr. Orozco explains
The Day of the Dead
For the past four years El Centro de
Bellas Artes has put together a
comemoration of "El Dia de los Muertos"
(Day of the Dead) with The Metropolitan
Museum. In it's fourth year the exibition
has been a great success.
"It is very interesting to learn about
other cultures, I have enjoyed the
paintings and sculptures very much." said
Steve Chamow while observing the
"Drop Dead Legs" sculpture.
For thousands of years there have been
many myths and legends about death.
Such myths usually convey a sense of
nervousness and despair towards death. At
times, hypocritically, the impossible is
attempted in order to avoid what must
happen naturally.
The Day of The Dead has its roots in
ancient Aztec society wherein death was
largely accepted with resignation by its
people who, through this experience,
formulated ways to remem~r their loved
one:s. Instead of mourning they decideu to
celebrate by remembering all of their
deceased.
"The native had a set of twenty days.
He counted the years from twenty to
twenty, he already had one of those
twenty days designated to the death. They
called this day Miquixtli." said Dr.
Cecilio Orozco, the Department Chair of
the of Bilingual Education.
Orozco ,one of the first organizers of El
Centro de Bellas Artes, said, "The
Mexican got into a culture in which death
had no paper, he felt like the roots of his
culture were lost This was why El
Centro de Bellas Artes was done in order
to provide the public information (about
El Dia de los Muertos.)"
Today in Mexico this event is widely
celebrated in different ways, often in
peoples' homes as well as in the streets.
Altars are prepared in the homes several
weeks in advance. Drinks, candies, and
exquisite meals are gathered for the
deceased and then left out on the altar
overnight. It is believed that when the
darkness comes the dead search for food
after their long travel from the other
world.
Besides placing altars at home, people
also gather in graveyards to visit their
dead friends and family members. Here
they tell stories about their loved ones
and share memories of the past
In the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos,
contests are held in the palace of Arms
"Dead Head" Linda Vane·o, Los Angeles
p
t
"Dia de los Deadweights" Ricardo Favela Royal, Chicano Airforce
"The Mexican got into a culture in
which death had no paper.... "
-Dr. Cecilio Orozco
"This Jale is Dead"
"Drop Dead Legs" Ezequiel Orona, Madera Artist
Photographs and Story
By Hector Amezcua
Photo Editor
where representations of the dead fill the
corridor~ alo1.g with adornments and
altars. These altars contain a variety of
items, such as the machete and other
tools that were used by the deceased, their
favorite foods, as well as a bottle of
tequila for those who drank in abundance.
For the women such things as
embroideries, clothing, and soft drinks are
left In some cases dressed up mannequins
are placed besides pictures and coffins.
In Janitzio, Michoacan customs differ.
Here the deceased young, especially
infants, are remembered in events which
take place on the first day of November.
"Families gather every year and spend
all night in the graveyards, not even the
freezing weather stops them from
celebrating." Orozco said.
"The poor people has always seen death
like their intimate friend, since it's the
only thing that only leaves the skeleton.
The President dies and turns into a
skeleton, the Street Sweeper turns into a
skeleton, and the Doctor turns into a
skeleton," Dr. Orozco concluded.
Even though economic hardship is
widespread in Mexico traditional events
are still practiced with enthusiasm. In the
day to day struggle to survive thre is still
time to remember that there is a positive
side to death so the dead are especially
remembered every year.
Page 6
Monday, Novennber 21, 1988 La Voz de Aztlan
Saragoza articulates
'Chicano Experience'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
The Chicano culture is so diverse it
cannot be defined as one single and only
"Chicano experience," according to Dr.
Alex Saragoza, fonner CSUF professor
who is now chainnan of the UC
Berkeley Department of Ethnic Studies.
"Not all people who come from
Mexico are the same. They come from
different regions, so they have different
customs and beliefs," Saragoza told a
group of about 100 CSUF Chicano
students in a speech on campus last
month.
Saragoza, a Madera native,
was
s~aking in a series of guest lectures
Chicanos /ace
racism in varying
degrees
commemorating the 20th anniversary of
the CSUF Chicano/Latino Studies
Program.
He once served as the
program's coordinator when it was named
La Raza Studies.
In addition to measuring the impact of
racism on the Chicano experience, he said
three more factors help provide a better
understanding of that experience: class
status,
gender,
and
.a
immigration/migration.
He gave examples based on his studies
and experiences.
Chicanos face racism and prejudice in
varying degrees, Saragoza asserted, and
class status . mediates the intensity of
respective
encounters
with
these
problems.
He cited that when he goes to the
market and is dressed "very raggedy," the
cashier assumes that he is from Mexico,
cannot speak English, and so asks a
Latino employee to help her by
interpreting.
But when Saragoza informs her that he
can speak English, she acts somewhat
perturbed in proceeding to finish his
transaction. In contrast, he explained that
when he goes to an establishment such as
Macy's dressed in nice clothes, the sales
people cater to his every need.
"Since we are perceived a certain way,
we are treated according to the perception
of that person," said Saragoza.
And, since everyone is perceived a
different way, we all have different kinds
of experiences, he added.
Saragoza said gender also plays a role
in what kinds of experiences we face,
especially because double standards still
exist within the Chicano community
between men and women.
"How many times have you seen your
brother or uncle, or your male cousin
leave the house and somebody says,
Angel de Jesus/ La Voz de Azllan
Where are you going in those tight
Dr. Alex Saragoza, UC Berkeley
pants?' or somebody tells your brother,
With that makeup you look like a
clown! he said.
"But when a woman leaves the house
"The mi&ration of Mexicanos from one and beliefs.
this way, things are different. A girl of region to another [Texas to California]
He maintained that the Chicano
the age of 23 is still questioned when has been underestimated." he said. experience cannot be reduced to the people
going out, \mt a boy of 16 will not be "Tex;~os :Jlf~ ,• ';'ery ... different from who have been here three, two or one
questioned. Ii~
' - .•~•··· .J t~. • ••
Califomios.
~
generation because everyone who arrives ·
Saragoza further emphasized that
Saragoza said Mexicanos from Texas
here
will, at one time or another,
immigration/migration and the proximity more than likely come from a different
eventually be defined as Mexicanof the border contributes to the diversity area of Mexico than those who migrate to
of Chic~os.
California. Each have different customs
Please see SARAGOZA, I¾ige 8
111
11
A Historieal Perspective:
The Promise of the Revolution (November 18, 1910)
By Matty Duran
Staff Writer
Dark skin burning still darker with the
tropical sun, he wore a huge sombrero,
and a vest of bullets across his muscular
chest. Dressed in black, he was a
ranchero, not a peasant. He was the
Mestizo, Emiliano Zapata, the man, who,
for most Mexicans, embodies the
Mexican Revolution ~cause of his
defense of "los pobres." These were the
dispossessed Indians who were stripped of
their land under the "Porfiriato, the
dictatorship of Caudillo General Profirio
Diaz (1876-1911.)
For most Mexicans the revolution
meant "Land and Liberty . Life under the
Porfiriato was a struggle for the majority
of the population, who were Indians and
Mestizos.
It was they who died from starvation
while living as slaves. This was the
revolution for the Mexicanos, the
opportunity to be treated like men. To be
free from the hacendado's whip, and to
own the land they had toiled over.
It was the promise to feed their
families, the promise of a better life for
their children, and the promise of life
itself.
For that promise alone, over 2 million
Mexicanos, men, women, and children,
11
11
gave up their lives and followed Zapata,
so that their dependence on others would
end. That was the "real" revolution, at
least for the Mexican people.
Despite Zapata's efforts in Morelos,
the revolution could never keep its
promises. For as Zapata fought in the
South to restore the lost ejidos to the
dispossessed, others also fought. This
was the struggle that did not die with the
end of the Profiriato. This is the struggle
that cuntinues to this day.
The revolution was a dichotomous
struggle due to the fact that the man who
many Mexicans put their faith in to rule
the nation was an hacendado named
Francisco I. Madero. Although he felt
sorry for the dispossessed peasants that he
saw on his own hacienda, it was not
enough to jeopardize the stability he felt
the nation so deperately needed. Yet such
a condition could only be gained through
fair elections and representation of the
masses in the congress.
The five-foot hacendado was the man
who would assume the presidency in
1911. Unlike Zapata, who resembled the
people he had fought for, Madero had
creamy skin and his wealth seemed to
reinforce the fact that he was from
"another world" of class privilege.
To a man who never truly understood
the plight of the Mexicano, democracy
was only a hollow word in the face of
extreme hunger, while political refonn
was only an abstract concept to a people
who were illiterate. For the parents who's
children's
bellies
were
bloated,
"enfranchisement" sounded like an exotic,
foreign word outside of their vocabulary.
Madero, who was a spiritualist, had not
meara to be unkind, for the peasants on
his hacienda truly loved him. But by
being wealthly he misunderstood the great
needs of the people, especially their
burning need for land with which to feed
their families. Such was the false promise
of the revolution, the kind of life it meant
for the impoverished masses.
As Zapata fought and Madero planned,
there were other revolutionaries who
struggled.
Doroteo Arango, known to the world
as Pancho Villa, fought with the fervor of
a thousand revolutionaries. The 5'10,"
husky general had been a bandit by
nature.
He loved both Zapata and
Madero, yet this was the psychological,
as well as political tear in the whole
movement
Zapat.:t was a social reformer, who
wanted a social revolution for his people,
while Madero was a political refonner
who fought for a political revolution. It
was a schizophrenic revolution, which
promised everything, but delivered
virtually nothing that represented tangible
progress for the masses.
The revolutionary promises were
murdered in the end because Zapata
hifrisc.;:.- wieldec no politicai power, while
Madero had been a wealthy hacendado
who ultimately became the president of
the republic in 1911.
Men like Pancho Villa were tom in the
struggle. Although Villa wanted land
reform, he did not understand Madero's
political promises. Yet his love for the
people and his respect for Madero and
Zapata set him in the middle of the
struggle. His lifestyle put a gun in his
hand and the temperament of the
revolution was similar to his own.
For had the people seen the true
implications of the revolution, there
would have been no unrealistic
expections. Initially the revolution meant
only the overturn of Porfirio Diaz.
Although it broke the back of the unjust
hacienda system it had not killed it.
Although the revolution was the
promise
of
democracy,
some
revolutionaries consolidated their power
into the new governmental oody known
as the PRI (Partido Revolucionario
Please see MEX-REV, page 7
La Voz de Aztlan Monday, Monday 21, 1988
Page 7
FUSD Trustee
Arambula finds 'reward' in his 'difficult task'
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
Addressing the problems of a large
school district, like the city of
Fresno's, can be a "difficult task,"
however, it can also have its
"rewards" says Juan Arambula.
Arambula is a Board of Trustees
member for the Fresno Unified
School District
Juan was born and raised in
Delano, California, and spent many
of those early years working in the
agricultural fields throughout the
Central Valley. He now holds a
undergraduate degree from Harvard, a
J.D. from Berkeley's Boalt Hall, a
Master Degree from the School of
Administration at Stanford and is
also a practicing attorney here in
Fresno.
In a recent interview with Juan I
asked him several questions
concerning his new position as a
board member, the problems
facing Chicano students in the
Fresno School District and how these
problems were being addressed.
Q. why did you run for a post on
the board of trustees?
A. I ran because I believed I could
do some good .... I went to public
schools and its certainly better than
working in the fields. I also feel it
was the least I could do to put my
services and my education to a good
use.
Q. Wha~ do you believe is the
greatest problem facing Chicano
students in our public schools.
A. I think the problem that kids
face when their growing up is an
Revolution
Continued from Page 6
Institucional) or the Institutional
Revolutionary Party.
The one-arm, stocky, revolutionary
General Alvaro Obregon drew up the
inadequate education. That is the
general problem. If we had a good
education, and good skills, we would
see more Chicanos in good paying
jobs, and in the higher professions.
The fact is, this is not the case.
One aspect of the roblem is the drop
out rate. Quite a few students never
make it to graduation, and the ones
that do make it have not really been
taught the skills or essentials to do
well in school.
Most of us, including myself at
that time, have blundered our way
through public schools and then
realizing. when we get to college,
how much more we really need to
know. These students ·are the lucky
ones because they made it to college.
In general, the over all skills and
quality of education that Chicanos
receive leaves alot to be desired. If
you look at test scores, statistics on
how many go on to college, the drop
out rate and alot of the "objective"
factors, its clear that Chicanos are
not
achieving
as
well
as
they should.
This transpires into alot of
problems
• from
jobs
to
unemployment to being more likely
to use social services and less likely
to be financially independent
Chicanos are a poor people. By
and large, we do not have alot
resources to channel back into the
community. like other groups do.
We don't have as many business' and
are not as well represented in most
sectors of local, state, and national
government. Generally, we don't
have adequate representation in alot
of important places that affect ours
blueprint of the PRI. The structure of this
pany was built upon paying homage to a
defunct revolution. It would face Plutarco
Elias Calles who would set the blood of
the revolution into a mockery and utter
abomination of revolutionary principles.
It was the direction of the reyolution
and the schism that manifested itself in
daily lives.
I believe alot of this is due to not
having been served well in the school
district The lack of representation
can be based on the lack education.
Discrimination is also a factor,
probably more than we care to admit.
But, alot of the time we can do
more to prepare ourselves. Some of
these problems will go away in time
with increased numbers of Chicanos
who are educating themselves.
Q. In California, does bilingual
education face threats of any kind or
is it a well established program?
A. Yes, Bilingual education faces
political threats all the time. Threats
from people who fear foreigners of
fear anything that is different from
the way they perceive something.
The term for this is xenophobic.
In terms of my position, as a
trustee, I am interested in whatever is
the fastest and most effective way to
teach english to kids who don't know
it Everybody agrees with that ,
however, the question that I have is,
what is the best way to teach it?
Frankly, !don't know.
The state last year did away with
it's regulations and mandates for
bilingual education. What we
currently hafve in terms of a
program, at Fresno Unified, is what
we choose have. However, some
rural school districts may not come
up with the same programs.
Fresno Unified has a mult-lingual
master program. The plan uses a
variety of tactics, methods and
materials to make the transition from
their first language to english.
The programs are a necessity. We
the civil wars of 1914-1915 that forever
shattered its promises.
Men like
Venustiano Carranza, an opportunist who
had followed Madero later shattered the
goals of the revolution.
When Carranza assumed the presidency
in 1916, he ignored land reform and had
Emiliano Zapata murdered. What he
JUAN ARAMBULA
have thousands of South East Asian
kids who dna't know english and
have a completely different culture.
Actually, we have more South East
Asian kids who do not speak english
than Chicanos.
In general, I have seen a
willingness on the part of the school
board to genuinlly start looking at
ways to approach these problems we
have discussed. Yes, there problems
with our education system, but we
are meeting these problems head on
and dealing with them.
wanted was power and the revolution had
provided the ~.!itic.31 vacu:::rn that he
needed.
If November 18, 1910, meant
anything at all, it was to end the poverty
and the continued suffering of all
Mexicanos. and to heal a disillusioned
race obsessed with revolution. Such was
its promise.
MESA helps youth fulfill dreams
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
Several hundred feet above the pitt.ed
grassy area just east of the Lab School
Building, a helicopter buzzed loudly to
the awe of about 125 jubilent students
and their families Saturday at CSUF.
Competing in mind twisting events such
as the "egg dropping contest", "radiocontrolled race car slalom" and the
"odyssey of the mind" contests, these
CIL
Continued from Page 3
Lloyd, Dean of Admision at the
University of San Francisco,said that law
schools ~n; iooking for "completed
applications,
good
letters
of
recommendation and a well writt.en
persnnal statement"
high schoolers, with sponsorship from crowd.
the Mathematics, Engineering and
The students, representatives from
Science Achievement Program, had a day almost every high school in Fresno
filled with laughter, defeat, victory and County, are members of a state wide
food.
program entitled MESA, which stresses
The blue and yellow helicopter, which the importance of science and math to
was used to drop raw eggs placed in minority students planning on attending
cushioned containers built by the college. The students were out in the
students, also landed in front of the sunshine over the weekend showing off
competitors and their parents which their skills after weeks of training for the
surged even more excit.ement into the competition.
Justin Kempton, a CSUF Civil
Engineering student who helped
coordinate the radio-controlled race car
CIL secretary Elizabeth Urbano, said
event, says (MESA) has been so
"Club membership is not limited to successful that "we're now incorporating
Chicano students. This semester we have junior high school students into these
about six members who are not of Latin predominantly high school events."
descent."
OnP- !)Opu!ar ~c:ivity this weekend was
Members of the organization are now the model rocket contest which teased and
looking forward to Law Day '89 and the prompted the minds of several students
opportunity to assist students throughout over the last two weeks to come up with
the academic year. For further information different rocket designs. Selma High
on CIL call 294-3021.
School, which placed first in the model
rocket contest, came in with a time of 4
minutes and 50 seconds. "The longer the
duration in flight, the higher the chance
we have to win", said St.even Vivaros of
Selma High, explaining how the rockets
are judged. Vivaros also mentioned,
along with other classmat.es, that their
secret was having two small parachut.es
instead of one large one to bring the
model down. Selma High also did well
in the egg dropping contest. While one
group used blue-colored play-doh to
comfort their eggs from the 200 foot freefall from the chopper, another group used
motor oil mixed with popcorn to cushion
theirs.
Along with the members of MESA.
were grandparents, friends cousins and
siblings who attended the day long event
as well. Matthew Salas, a ten year old
student from Wishon Elementary School
in Fresno, came to the competition with
his cousin, Erica Carrasco from
Roosevelt High School. "I liked the
Please see MESA, page 8
Page 8 Monday, November 21, 1988 La Voz de Azt/an
CYC: Escalante's message comes at right time
Angel de Jesus/La Voz de Aztlan
Contlnued from Page 1
can improve this land."
Proclaiming that "Escalante's message
couldn't come at a better time," Hispanic
Link noted that the high school drop-out
rate is as high as 80 percent among
Latinos in some inner-city schools. Less
than half of U.S. Latinos over 25 have
high school diplomas and only 8.5
percent have college degrees, HLNS
reported.
He said he views his role as a nauonal
symbol for Hispanics as an opportunity
to inspire students he will never meet and
to share his methods of motivating them,
something CYC organizers hope will
occur at the conference.
The Chicano Youth Conference hosts
about 1600 valley area high school
students for the one-day event where
students learn about higher education. It
is sponsored by MEChA and funded by
the Associated Students Inc.
The students will attend workshops
providing information on education and
career planning as well as a college fair
featuring representatives of various higher
education institutions from throughout
the state.
A presentation following registration
will be held to award $50 to the winner of
a brochure cover art contest. The art
contest is open to CSUF students with
the deadline Nov. 28.
The CYC
committee seeks art entries depicting the
1989 CYC theme, "La Educacion Es El
,Principio Del Futuro."
A Chicano Poetry ..eading accompanied
by music will follow the presentation.
An art display featuring local Chicano
artists such as Roger Valderde will be
featured. Los Danzantes de Aztlan,
CSUFs Mexican folkloric dance group
under the direction of CLS professor
Ernesto Martinez, will perform during the
lunch hour.
"We scheduled more cultural events for
the conference this year," said Serrano.
"We decided that the high school students
need to be more aware of their heritage."
The conference will also feature a teatro
skit entitled "Bus Stop" under the
direction of Richard Santana. A DJ will
provide music for the two-hour dance
which will close the conference.
A commemorative souvenir book,
containing information about the
conference, its workshops and schedule,
will be produced by the Chicano
Journalism Student Association for the
event. CSUF President Harold Haak and
Dean of Student Affairs William
Corcoran
will
be
among
the
administrators who will have a message
to the students in the book.
It will highlight the 20th anniversary
of several key Chicano progams on
campus: MEChA, the Chicano/Latino
Studies Program ; and La Voz De
Aztlan . Key information about the
university and higher education will be
included so students may also use the
book as a
reference source after the
conference.
The brochure will be funded from pagespace sponsorships by
schools,
departments, and programs on campus.
The CJSA students will design the ads for
t.'1~ broc!°!il!'e or camera-ready :ds m~v be
submitted.
•
The following participants have
confirmed their support of the CYC
through the book: the Schools of Social
Sciences,
Business Administration,
Health and Social Work, and Human
Development and Education;
the
IRMA SERRANO
CYC Ch ,
arr~erson
Departments of Journalism, Psychology,
Theatre Arts, Telecommunications, Civil
Engineering, Social Work, and the
Chicano/L_atino Studies 1:~gram; and ,
the_ Ed~cauonal Opportu~1ttes Pi:ogr~,
U~1vers1ty Ou_treach S('.rvt:es, Umvers1ty
Migrant Services, Housmg, and the
Learning Resource Cer.ter. Several others
have ve;bally reserved space.
AIDS: Hispanic Counselor needed
Continued from page 1
out a newsletter every month, put· on
blown AIDS. I want to make it a point speaker training sessions and even run our
to distinguish ARC (AIDS Related own confidential AIDS testing.".· says
Complex) and full-blown AIDS from one Hall also indicating her hectic and busy
another. There is a definite difference that work schedule throughout the day. "We
needs to be emphasized."
get between 50 ~nd 110 phcae ~!s per
The difference tietween i\RC an the day on the average. Righ now we have
classic disease AIDS lies with the fact about 30 volunteers who work mostly
that ARC represents symptoms indicating evenings but I'm really desperate for
the probability of a weakened immune people who can answer phones in the day
system. Signs may include skin rashes, time."
diarrhea, tiredness or swollen lymph
Hall also directly expressed her
glands. Full-blown AIDS, on the other opinion on the issue of whether or not
hand, represents a destroyed immune people carrying the disease should be
system incapable of regaining or identified in public as having the illness.
recooperating itself to fight off even the
"First of all, there is no reason for
common cold.
These opportunistic
(the public) to know that anyone has
diseases which get into the body is what AIDS and second, all it would cause is
leads to death.
mass hysteria.
Hall, whose duty is to "call people up
Erline Kidder, Client Services Director
and ask them very kindly if they'd like Jo for the Valley AIDS Team and considered
volunteer their time at the center," says a senior staff member at the center, takes
the Central Valley AIDS Team has many a- one-on-one approach to dealing with
services to offer. "We run hot-lines, put AIDS victims and their families. "I deal
MESA
Continued from page 7
rocket contest the best and I want to be in
MESA when I get a little pigger", Salas
said of t.~~ ~-.-~;.:s as ;,e rn~iled off co yet
another activity.
Lisa Rivera, a student from Clovis High
School noted that, during the :MESA
meets, "I got a chance to improve in
algebra, geometry and English and we got
to do different activities in science."
Rivera also noted that "even though we
didn't compete in the rockets, it's pretty
interesting to see everybody compete and
also bringing their brothers, sisters, and
cousins and seeing them involved."
Ochoa admits that although she thought
MESA was just a small group of
minorities when she first joined at
Washington Junior High in Sanger, she
now says it's much more than that.
"There's a lot of support and
encouragement for people like me."
Even though this was Ochoa's first
speech, she didn't think about getting
nervous in front of the audience. "I didn't
let that stop me; I just thought about
getting my point across."
Henry Villanueva, the CSUF Director
of the Minority Engineering Program,
views the speech event as "the ~,:mghest
activity these students have to go
through", referring to the five students
who took on the nerve-racking feat.
Ochoa, who gave her audience an
emotional lecture about the meaning of
Another important event, the speech- MESA, praised her parents' efforts in
giving contest, "gives students confidence pushing her toward a higher education.
in themselves", according to Crystal "It's my parents who give me the
Ochoa from Sanger High School. "I encouragement to go out and be
wanted to let others know how :MESA someone", Ochoa stated in an interview
really helped me by giving the speech." after her talk.
directly with the victims and their
families helping them get Social
Security, setting up appointments to get
in-home care for them and things of that
nature."
Speaking on the fact that there aren't
any Hispanic -counselors on the staff of
the AIDS Team, Kidder stated, "We need
to get (AIDS information) out and from
a Hispanic counselor. We're doing all we
can to get a qualified Hispanic. They are
an asset for (the AIDS Team) because
most of them ~ bilingual and can really
contribute effectively to the eradication of
this dreadful disease."
Many
public
health
officials,
deliberating upon the different methods of
contracting the disease have, reasonably,
brought the mosquito into the picture.
More notably is the female mosquito
which sucks blood from humans and
animals for survival purposes. It would
be natural to assume that because AIDS
is found in blood, it would be possible to
SARAGOZA
Continued from page 6
American, Mexican, or even "Hispanic."
"The important point here then is that
questions of race, class gender, and
immigration/migration are, in my
op1ruon, the ingredients to better
understanding the Chicano experience,"
said Saragoza.
After the lecture, Dr. Saragoza talked to
La Voz about the role of the Chicano
student today in light of 20 years of
struggle in the past by Chicanos to
&chieve cu.TTent gains.
He said that while 1t 1s necessary to
get involved in social issues that are
important to each individual, a balance
between studying and getting involved
could be found .
get AIDS from an insect bite. However,
Hall denounces this reasoning as fallacy.
"A survey was taken in Florida to
determine the different causes of AJDS
among refugees between the ages of 20
and 45 since scientists noted that there
had been a probtem witlr-mosquitos in
that area. And it was proven that you
cannot get AIDS from insect bites." Hall
also stressed that it is not possible for
dogs, cats or any domestic animals to
transmit or carry the disease. "You
simply can't get AIDS from an animal.
It has to do with the types of cells the
virus attacks."
Addressing the issue of minorities on
staff at the AIDS center, Hall stated that
there hasn't been a "well qualified"
Hispanic found to fill the spot and despite
this fact, there isn't room for paid workers
at the moment. There may not be an
Hispanic on staff as a counselor says
Hall, "but Hispanics with AIDS are one
of our target points."
" It is important to pursue what is
meaningful to you," he said.
Saragoza also serves as the Chair of the
Central American Latin Studies at UC
Berkeley. He has served on the faculty
there for the last six years.
He based his talk on his essay "Recent
Chicano Historical Scholarships and
Appraisals," which was published in the
Journal of Ethnic Affairs.
He has also authored
Fresno's
Hispanic Heritage and The Monterrey
Elite and the Mexican State.
Saragoza graduated from CSUF in
1969. He received his masters degree from
Harvard in 1971 and his Ph.D. at UC San
Diego in 1979. He served as the La Raza
Studies Coordinator at CSUF from 197173 and 1975--77.
CYC ART CONTEST
DEADLINE NOVEMBER 28TH
For more information call 435-2102
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FREsNO
MONDAY, NOVEMBER
21, 1988
Escalante to
keynote CYC
Portrayed in film 'Stand and Deliver'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
East Los Angeles math teacher Jaime
Escalante, whose work with minority
high school students inspired the motion
picture "Stand and Deliver" earlier this
year, will be the keynote speaker for the
16th annual Chicano Youth Conference
on January 14.
Escalante, a Garfield High School math
teacher, was portrayed in the movie by
award-winning actor Edward James
Olmos. Both figures enjoy high profiles
in the Chicano/Latino community.
Escalante's presence is expected to draw
increased interest to the conference due to
the movie's acclaim in the Hispani
community.
Irma
Serrano,
Chicano
Youth
Conference Committee chair, said that
Escalante will be "one of the greatest
motivators at the conference."
"You don't see many· teachers
him," said Serrano, "He will be the best
person to help students see the light
about the importance of education."
"Stand and Deliver" is the story of
Escalante's work at Garfield, where he
motivates students at the 99.9 percent
Hispanic school to excel in the most
difficult of math sciences, calculus,
according to a recent article from Hispanic
Link News Service.
Escalante taught a group of minority
students to pass difficult placement tests
but when they accomplished that feat,
test officials suspected the students
cheated. The students retook the tests and
passed the second time, thanks to the
skills and confidence he instilled in them.
The movie, directed by
El Teatro
Campesino founder and director Luis
Valdez, is a story about how , with gooa
'Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so
that they can improve this
land.'
- Jaime Escalante
direction , minority students can be
motivated to excel.
Escalante also inspired his colleagues
who now prepare nearly 500 students to
take other advanced placement tests,
Hispanic Link reported.
"It is neccessary to teach with the
patience of a turtle, the tenacity of 2.
spider, the power of a general and the
mind of a calculator," he told the news
service. "Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so that they
'w~e-·· .
Please see ESCALANTE, page 6
Latinos and AIDS
Central Valley AIDS Team seeks bilingual counselor
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
There are 48,000 of them in the
United States. Most of them don't know
they have it They seem to be evolving
by the thousands every year. 16,000 of
them are in California alone. 69 of them
have died in Fres11:9 already. Are we
playing Trivial Pursuit? De~nitely not
The information may be convincing but,
the controversy of Hispanics with AIDS
is no trivia.
AIDS, according to a spokesperson in San Francisco who chose not to be
identified, seems to be the "friend"
Mother warned them about bringing
home. "The only difference is that once
it's brought home, it will never leave."
This sad fact may indeed be true but as
Surgeon General C. Everett Koop puts it,
"We are fighting a disease, not people.
We must prevent the spread of AIDS,
while at the same time, preserve our
humanity and intim~::y."
Percentage of AIDS cases
by year of diagnosis and raceUnited States
~
Hispanic
1111 Black
S _Anglo
80
1-
zw
60
ct:
40
u
w
0..
0
1981
1982
According to the latest findings from
the American Journal of Health, every 14
minutes a new case of AIDS is reported.
Going at that pace, we'll have over
526,000 cases being reported every year.
That is the approximate total population
1983
1984
1985
1986
of Fresno County alone. By the year
2000, just 11 short years away, 10
million people will carry the virus. In
that year, the reported number of people
with AIDS will amount to five percent of
the total population of the United States.
That number, right now, is equal to the
total population of Florida or 50
Fresno's.
These figures may be
immense, but keep in mind that this does
not mean the reported cases of actual fullblown AIDS.
Candy Hall, who has been Volunteer
Coordinator for the Central Valley AIDS
Team in Fresno, made it clear that just
because "you've been exposed to the
virus, does not mean you will get the fullblown disease." She says, "We even had
a man from England who got the disease
15 years ago and no symptoms had
shown up until now."
IDill, who had been a volunteer for the
AIDS Team for six months and recently
promoted to a full time position as
Volunteer Coordinator for the AIDS
center says that "with lots of care,
treatment and proper education, the
chances are "slim" that one who has been
exposed to the disease will experience full-
Please see AIDS, page 8
Page 2
Monday, November 21, 1988
La-Voz de Aztlan
Carrasco's Corner
revenue e~cements
Free Speech and
Social Responsibility
'Rev-a-,nU en-'hance-ment~
. 1. v,: hijher 'hlxes, cuu
·n &oc.ia.L sec.uri:tY, ·,ncrease
n defense a.nd Star 'tlor;
ie. fuur ~e. year"' of'
Re49anom ,cs/
\
. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......;•. , __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _111111!.
By Ivan T. Vincent
Guest Columnist
The First Amendment includes Freedom
of Speech and Freeddom of the Press.
One is contigent on the other an both rely
on prudence and responsibility. To
~comply to these laws, journalists, editors
and news people, as well as the average
man, woman and child must keep a check
and balance of their actions. Because of
this self-imposed restraint, the First
Amendment is not an absolute power
to allow a person to say whatever
whenever the feeling moves him or her,
and in the process licentiously and
vexatiously attack a group or minority.
highest degree of protection from official
interference. If that were the only sort
of expression entitled
to
First
Amendment protection, there would be no
need to talk about varying degrees, at
least when the subject-matter aspect of
the expression is concerned.
But political speech is not, of course,
the only subject matter to which Frist
Amendment protection has been extended.
The degree of protection, however, is not
uniform. The nature of, or the requried
governmental justification for, restriction
of speech on several subjects differs from
the nonn.
Several opinions suggest, for example,
that speech appealing to the interest in
To convey some appreciation of the sex but not qualifying as obscenity may
difficulties confronted in applying the be restricted in ways that other speech
First Amendment to any aspect of human may not
endeavor, to focus on in particular, is the
enormous diversity of expressive conduct
A second way of categorizing speech,
with respect to which it must be decided
other
than by its subject matter, is by its
whether First Amendment protection
truth
or falsity. False speech receives
exists, and if it does so, the extent of the
reduced
protection. It was argued in the
protection.
case Gertz v. Welch "...there is no
The law displays an enonnous evolution constitutional value in false statements of
in the last fifty years. Looking to the fact Neither the intentional lie no1· the
Supreme Court precedent after the era of careless error materially advances society's
World War I, the contrast is even more interest in 'uninhibitied, robust, and wideopen'...public issues."
Guest
Columnist
startling. Involving state rather than
federal action either addresses free-speech
objections under the state constitution's
equivalent of the First Amendment, or
addresses on the merits, rather than
dismissing as nonexistent, free-speech
guarantees under the federal constitution,
or procedes with no apparent awareness of
any conceivable free-speech problems.
The First Amendment categorically
prohibits nothing except prior restraints
on speech--that is, the suppression of
speech beforehand--and allows any sort of
speech to be punished after the fact, so
long as it has some "tendency" to be
harmful to the society. Only a few,
isolated opinions before World War I
indicate that the First Amendment could
be more than a paper guarantees. The
principal moral is that the First
Amendment is particularly fragile
protection, constantly subject to assault,
in and thus, constantly in need of zealous
defense.
The words of the First Amendment are
that "Congress shall ·make no
law ...abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press.... " What elements are
included within the terms "speech" and
"press?"
Does "abridgment" of the
"freedom" mean the same thing with
regard to all of those elements?
It is generclly agreed, for example, that
what might be called "political speech"-the expression of views en matters that
are, or could be, the subject cf
governmental action--is entitled to the
Drawing
the
line
between
constitutionally valuable "opinions" and
constitutionally
worthless
"false
statements of fact" has been one of the
major focuses of libel law ever since.
It has sometimes been suggested, but
thus far has never been accepted, that the
institutional press (the "media") has
particularly expansive First Amendment
rights. But if a speech can be categorized
on the basis of the identity of the speaker,
it can also be categorized on the basis of
the nature of the audience. It is well
established that a speech aimed at or
readily available to juveniles may be
regulated in circumstances where similar
speech aimed at or available to adults
could not
Last, but not least, speech may be
catego1ized !;:,• :~ mode of expressivn.
The Supreme Court has said "each
method of communicating ideas is 'a law
unto itself and that law must reflect the
'differing natures, values, abuses and
angers' of each method."
But differences among the various
modes of verbal communication are
nothing beside the differences between
verbal communications and some other
forms of expression. The Supreme Court
has said that "we cannot accept ~e view
that an apparently limitless variety of
conduct can be labeled 'speech' whenever
the person engaging in the conduct
intends to express an idea."
It seems clear from the cases that
verbal communications forms the core of
First Amendment protection and that
whatever the contours of those categories
may be are entitled to somewhat lesser
protection. But it suffices to convey
Please see, IVAN, page 3
La Voz de Aztlan Monday,, Novennber 21, 1988
Page 3
GUEST
COLUMNIST
SALON C
Continued from page 2
some appreciation of the difficulty and
complexity of a First Amendment
d~tcrmi.,ation. .-,urel:-,· !..~e ;;:esenct! or
absence of the various elements to which
those categories pertain is highly relevant
to whether, and to what extent, speech
can be abridged.
The variations are numerous, and if that
does not make the answer difficult enough
to predict, the degree of "heightened" or
"reduced" protection that the various
categories entail is entirely unspecified
and inherently unspccifiable.
A great concern with respect to First
Amendment law, as with respect to other
fields, is that elegant refinement may
have produced a system in which perfect
justice in the individual case is
theoretically more likely, but equivalent
justice in the whole body of cases
impossible. Even if the courts are free to
!~-in!:erpret the firs~ Amendment ad
libitum, unifonnity does not seem
worth the cost of unifonn foolishness.
- Investment
CSUF students who were NHSF Ambassadors were, left to right,
Albert Martinez, David Medez, Rosa Hildalgo, Silvia Virgo, Martina
Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris Bencomo, Juan Gonzalez, and Alfonso
Garcia. The unidentified student at right attends USFC.
First Amendment cases are not about
the First Amendment, but about some
concrete and fact-bound wrong that was
inflicted upon a group or minority.
700 make NHSF banquet a success
J}y.1., Johfln»~ ,Munoz ... ., "··, .,.
Staff Writer
,1111. :o1.
Much like the motion picture that
depic1.e<l Chicano success, the National
Hispanic Scholarship Fund "stood and
delivered" in Fresno last month.
The gala affair also included nine
CSUF Chicano students who served as
"student ambassadors."
"What we're going to do tonight is
stand and deliver, " said Al Alarcon,
chairman of the board for Fresno Friends
of the National Hispanic Scholarship
Fund ..
"We work in the community to fight
the drop-out problem, then we have to
come up with funds to keep the students
in school and help them finish their
education."
· .,,
·
Approximately 700 people turned out
for the black-tie, $100 a-plate dinner,
making this year's banquet one of the
largest for the NHSF, which holds such
affairs throughout the nation.
Guest appearances included actor
Lorenzo Lamas, star of "Falcon Crest,"
and celebrities Anthony Cordova, Marc
Allen Trujillo and Richard Yniguez from
Nosot:as, the orgarJzation of Hispanic
artists in the entcr:ainment industry.
Trujillo and Yniguez performed the
evening's entertainment, along with the
world-renown mariachi band "Los
Camperos."
The
NHSF
organization
provides
scholarships for Hispanic college students
which includes those of Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Carribbean, Central and
South American descent.
The
organization now in its second decade of
operation , is supported by more than 250
corporations, private foundations, and
businesses:
Recipients are chosen on academic
achievement,
personal
strengths, .
leadership and financial need.
Since its inception in 1975, the
NHSF is recognized as the leading
Hispanic scholarship organization in the
nation having awarded $4.8 million to
more than 7,om students nationwide.
according to NHSF literavm~ uistribui.Cd
at the banquet.
Last year, ten CSUF students received
scholarships ranging from $400 to
$1000. This year organizers hope to raise
$100,000 for Fresno County students
who demonstrate need.
Alarcon said, "I've always been
enthused for years with the NHSF and
I've always wanted to do something like
this in Fresno."
Traditionally fund raising events for the
NHSF have been held in larger cities such
as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago,
Houston and New York.
The CSUF students who served as
ambassadors were Albert Martinez, David
Medez, Rosa Hidalgo, Silvia Virgo,
Martina Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris
Bencomo, · Juan Gonz~:~. .AJfonso
Garcia.
Future lawyers benefit from CIL's Law Day '88
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
The ten&. annual Law Day '88
sponsored by the Chicanos in Law
Association
and
the
Associated
Students,lnc. was a success, according to
the CIL chairman.
"The conference was a success because
the workshops attracted large crowds and
law school recruiters were pleased with
the number of students who signed their
recruiting lists." said CIL chairman Joe
Peraza.
"There were a lot of students who were
also pleased because they got a hold of
applications from some of California's
top law schools." he added.
Chicanos In Law, in cooperation with
the Associated Students, sponsored their
tenth annual Law Day '88 on November 3
in the Cafeteria Room 200.
The day-long event is held to Whittier, and New College of Law.
familiarize students with the many
"I am learning a whole new language
procedures involved in entering law of legal tenninology this semester," said
school. It included several workshops panelist Jaime Rodriquez, a CSUF
one in particular was the Law School
Admission Test (LSA1) workshop. Ida
Jones, a business law professor here at "... a completely different
CSUF, gave an outline of the exam and
challenge... "
also gave key strategies on how to
prepare for it
- Jaime P. Rodriguez
Law Day represents is the only pre-law
conference in Central California.
The Student Panel orientation graduate and first year student at
workshop consisted of six Chicano Willamette College of Law, "But its great
first, second, and third year law school because I find it to be a completely
students who spoke about their difi'erent ch?Jlenge than my undergraduate
readjustment experiences during their first work I did while I was here at CSUF."
year and how the workload doubled
A workshop on an affirmative action
compared to their
undergraduate program, designed to increase the number
education.
of minorities in the legal profession,the
Among the law schools represented by Council on Legal Education Opportunity
the panelists were U.C. Berkeley, USC, ,c:::..E0)_was held.
Willamette College of Law, Hastings,
Workshop speaker Rosendo Pena, also
an attorney for the Fifth District Court of
Appeals and said, "The program is
designed to assist minority students
during their legal education and also to
help
eliminate
the
gross
underrepresentation of minorities in the
legal field.
Currently, Chicanos are being
represented at less than 1.5 % and Blacks
at 3% in the legal field nationwide,
according to Pena.
Fresno attorney Joel Murrillo, agreed
that there is an imperative need for
Chicano attorneys who speak Spanish and
understand that minority representation
in the legal field is needed.
A workshop on the admissions and
financial aid processes was also held. the
hour-long workshop speaker Kenneth
Please see CIL, page 7
"A Dancing Soul" Manuel R. Vasaure, Tulare Artist
Dr. Orozco explains
The Day of the Dead
For the past four years El Centro de
Bellas Artes has put together a
comemoration of "El Dia de los Muertos"
(Day of the Dead) with The Metropolitan
Museum. In it's fourth year the exibition
has been a great success.
"It is very interesting to learn about
other cultures, I have enjoyed the
paintings and sculptures very much." said
Steve Chamow while observing the
"Drop Dead Legs" sculpture.
For thousands of years there have been
many myths and legends about death.
Such myths usually convey a sense of
nervousness and despair towards death. At
times, hypocritically, the impossible is
attempted in order to avoid what must
happen naturally.
The Day of The Dead has its roots in
ancient Aztec society wherein death was
largely accepted with resignation by its
people who, through this experience,
formulated ways to remem~r their loved
one:s. Instead of mourning they decideu to
celebrate by remembering all of their
deceased.
"The native had a set of twenty days.
He counted the years from twenty to
twenty, he already had one of those
twenty days designated to the death. They
called this day Miquixtli." said Dr.
Cecilio Orozco, the Department Chair of
the of Bilingual Education.
Orozco ,one of the first organizers of El
Centro de Bellas Artes, said, "The
Mexican got into a culture in which death
had no paper, he felt like the roots of his
culture were lost This was why El
Centro de Bellas Artes was done in order
to provide the public information (about
El Dia de los Muertos.)"
Today in Mexico this event is widely
celebrated in different ways, often in
peoples' homes as well as in the streets.
Altars are prepared in the homes several
weeks in advance. Drinks, candies, and
exquisite meals are gathered for the
deceased and then left out on the altar
overnight. It is believed that when the
darkness comes the dead search for food
after their long travel from the other
world.
Besides placing altars at home, people
also gather in graveyards to visit their
dead friends and family members. Here
they tell stories about their loved ones
and share memories of the past
In the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos,
contests are held in the palace of Arms
"Dead Head" Linda Vane·o, Los Angeles
p
t
"Dia de los Deadweights" Ricardo Favela Royal, Chicano Airforce
"The Mexican got into a culture in
which death had no paper.... "
-Dr. Cecilio Orozco
"This Jale is Dead"
"Drop Dead Legs" Ezequiel Orona, Madera Artist
Photographs and Story
By Hector Amezcua
Photo Editor
where representations of the dead fill the
corridor~ alo1.g with adornments and
altars. These altars contain a variety of
items, such as the machete and other
tools that were used by the deceased, their
favorite foods, as well as a bottle of
tequila for those who drank in abundance.
For the women such things as
embroideries, clothing, and soft drinks are
left In some cases dressed up mannequins
are placed besides pictures and coffins.
In Janitzio, Michoacan customs differ.
Here the deceased young, especially
infants, are remembered in events which
take place on the first day of November.
"Families gather every year and spend
all night in the graveyards, not even the
freezing weather stops them from
celebrating." Orozco said.
"The poor people has always seen death
like their intimate friend, since it's the
only thing that only leaves the skeleton.
The President dies and turns into a
skeleton, the Street Sweeper turns into a
skeleton, and the Doctor turns into a
skeleton," Dr. Orozco concluded.
Even though economic hardship is
widespread in Mexico traditional events
are still practiced with enthusiasm. In the
day to day struggle to survive thre is still
time to remember that there is a positive
side to death so the dead are especially
remembered every year.
Page 6
Monday, Novennber 21, 1988 La Voz de Aztlan
Saragoza articulates
'Chicano Experience'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
The Chicano culture is so diverse it
cannot be defined as one single and only
"Chicano experience," according to Dr.
Alex Saragoza, fonner CSUF professor
who is now chainnan of the UC
Berkeley Department of Ethnic Studies.
"Not all people who come from
Mexico are the same. They come from
different regions, so they have different
customs and beliefs," Saragoza told a
group of about 100 CSUF Chicano
students in a speech on campus last
month.
Saragoza, a Madera native,
was
s~aking in a series of guest lectures
Chicanos /ace
racism in varying
degrees
commemorating the 20th anniversary of
the CSUF Chicano/Latino Studies
Program.
He once served as the
program's coordinator when it was named
La Raza Studies.
In addition to measuring the impact of
racism on the Chicano experience, he said
three more factors help provide a better
understanding of that experience: class
status,
gender,
and
.a
immigration/migration.
He gave examples based on his studies
and experiences.
Chicanos face racism and prejudice in
varying degrees, Saragoza asserted, and
class status . mediates the intensity of
respective
encounters
with
these
problems.
He cited that when he goes to the
market and is dressed "very raggedy," the
cashier assumes that he is from Mexico,
cannot speak English, and so asks a
Latino employee to help her by
interpreting.
But when Saragoza informs her that he
can speak English, she acts somewhat
perturbed in proceeding to finish his
transaction. In contrast, he explained that
when he goes to an establishment such as
Macy's dressed in nice clothes, the sales
people cater to his every need.
"Since we are perceived a certain way,
we are treated according to the perception
of that person," said Saragoza.
And, since everyone is perceived a
different way, we all have different kinds
of experiences, he added.
Saragoza said gender also plays a role
in what kinds of experiences we face,
especially because double standards still
exist within the Chicano community
between men and women.
"How many times have you seen your
brother or uncle, or your male cousin
leave the house and somebody says,
Angel de Jesus/ La Voz de Azllan
Where are you going in those tight
Dr. Alex Saragoza, UC Berkeley
pants?' or somebody tells your brother,
With that makeup you look like a
clown! he said.
"But when a woman leaves the house
"The mi&ration of Mexicanos from one and beliefs.
this way, things are different. A girl of region to another [Texas to California]
He maintained that the Chicano
the age of 23 is still questioned when has been underestimated." he said. experience cannot be reduced to the people
going out, \mt a boy of 16 will not be "Tex;~os :Jlf~ ,• ';'ery ... different from who have been here three, two or one
questioned. Ii~
' - .•~•··· .J t~. • ••
Califomios.
~
generation because everyone who arrives ·
Saragoza further emphasized that
Saragoza said Mexicanos from Texas
here
will, at one time or another,
immigration/migration and the proximity more than likely come from a different
eventually be defined as Mexicanof the border contributes to the diversity area of Mexico than those who migrate to
of Chic~os.
California. Each have different customs
Please see SARAGOZA, I¾ige 8
111
11
A Historieal Perspective:
The Promise of the Revolution (November 18, 1910)
By Matty Duran
Staff Writer
Dark skin burning still darker with the
tropical sun, he wore a huge sombrero,
and a vest of bullets across his muscular
chest. Dressed in black, he was a
ranchero, not a peasant. He was the
Mestizo, Emiliano Zapata, the man, who,
for most Mexicans, embodies the
Mexican Revolution ~cause of his
defense of "los pobres." These were the
dispossessed Indians who were stripped of
their land under the "Porfiriato, the
dictatorship of Caudillo General Profirio
Diaz (1876-1911.)
For most Mexicans the revolution
meant "Land and Liberty . Life under the
Porfiriato was a struggle for the majority
of the population, who were Indians and
Mestizos.
It was they who died from starvation
while living as slaves. This was the
revolution for the Mexicanos, the
opportunity to be treated like men. To be
free from the hacendado's whip, and to
own the land they had toiled over.
It was the promise to feed their
families, the promise of a better life for
their children, and the promise of life
itself.
For that promise alone, over 2 million
Mexicanos, men, women, and children,
11
11
gave up their lives and followed Zapata,
so that their dependence on others would
end. That was the "real" revolution, at
least for the Mexican people.
Despite Zapata's efforts in Morelos,
the revolution could never keep its
promises. For as Zapata fought in the
South to restore the lost ejidos to the
dispossessed, others also fought. This
was the struggle that did not die with the
end of the Profiriato. This is the struggle
that cuntinues to this day.
The revolution was a dichotomous
struggle due to the fact that the man who
many Mexicans put their faith in to rule
the nation was an hacendado named
Francisco I. Madero. Although he felt
sorry for the dispossessed peasants that he
saw on his own hacienda, it was not
enough to jeopardize the stability he felt
the nation so deperately needed. Yet such
a condition could only be gained through
fair elections and representation of the
masses in the congress.
The five-foot hacendado was the man
who would assume the presidency in
1911. Unlike Zapata, who resembled the
people he had fought for, Madero had
creamy skin and his wealth seemed to
reinforce the fact that he was from
"another world" of class privilege.
To a man who never truly understood
the plight of the Mexicano, democracy
was only a hollow word in the face of
extreme hunger, while political refonn
was only an abstract concept to a people
who were illiterate. For the parents who's
children's
bellies
were
bloated,
"enfranchisement" sounded like an exotic,
foreign word outside of their vocabulary.
Madero, who was a spiritualist, had not
meara to be unkind, for the peasants on
his hacienda truly loved him. But by
being wealthly he misunderstood the great
needs of the people, especially their
burning need for land with which to feed
their families. Such was the false promise
of the revolution, the kind of life it meant
for the impoverished masses.
As Zapata fought and Madero planned,
there were other revolutionaries who
struggled.
Doroteo Arango, known to the world
as Pancho Villa, fought with the fervor of
a thousand revolutionaries. The 5'10,"
husky general had been a bandit by
nature.
He loved both Zapata and
Madero, yet this was the psychological,
as well as political tear in the whole
movement
Zapat.:t was a social reformer, who
wanted a social revolution for his people,
while Madero was a political refonner
who fought for a political revolution. It
was a schizophrenic revolution, which
promised everything, but delivered
virtually nothing that represented tangible
progress for the masses.
The revolutionary promises were
murdered in the end because Zapata
hifrisc.;:.- wieldec no politicai power, while
Madero had been a wealthy hacendado
who ultimately became the president of
the republic in 1911.
Men like Pancho Villa were tom in the
struggle. Although Villa wanted land
reform, he did not understand Madero's
political promises. Yet his love for the
people and his respect for Madero and
Zapata set him in the middle of the
struggle. His lifestyle put a gun in his
hand and the temperament of the
revolution was similar to his own.
For had the people seen the true
implications of the revolution, there
would have been no unrealistic
expections. Initially the revolution meant
only the overturn of Porfirio Diaz.
Although it broke the back of the unjust
hacienda system it had not killed it.
Although the revolution was the
promise
of
democracy,
some
revolutionaries consolidated their power
into the new governmental oody known
as the PRI (Partido Revolucionario
Please see MEX-REV, page 7
La Voz de Aztlan Monday, Monday 21, 1988
Page 7
FUSD Trustee
Arambula finds 'reward' in his 'difficult task'
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
Addressing the problems of a large
school district, like the city of
Fresno's, can be a "difficult task,"
however, it can also have its
"rewards" says Juan Arambula.
Arambula is a Board of Trustees
member for the Fresno Unified
School District
Juan was born and raised in
Delano, California, and spent many
of those early years working in the
agricultural fields throughout the
Central Valley. He now holds a
undergraduate degree from Harvard, a
J.D. from Berkeley's Boalt Hall, a
Master Degree from the School of
Administration at Stanford and is
also a practicing attorney here in
Fresno.
In a recent interview with Juan I
asked him several questions
concerning his new position as a
board member, the problems
facing Chicano students in the
Fresno School District and how these
problems were being addressed.
Q. why did you run for a post on
the board of trustees?
A. I ran because I believed I could
do some good .... I went to public
schools and its certainly better than
working in the fields. I also feel it
was the least I could do to put my
services and my education to a good
use.
Q. Wha~ do you believe is the
greatest problem facing Chicano
students in our public schools.
A. I think the problem that kids
face when their growing up is an
Revolution
Continued from Page 6
Institucional) or the Institutional
Revolutionary Party.
The one-arm, stocky, revolutionary
General Alvaro Obregon drew up the
inadequate education. That is the
general problem. If we had a good
education, and good skills, we would
see more Chicanos in good paying
jobs, and in the higher professions.
The fact is, this is not the case.
One aspect of the roblem is the drop
out rate. Quite a few students never
make it to graduation, and the ones
that do make it have not really been
taught the skills or essentials to do
well in school.
Most of us, including myself at
that time, have blundered our way
through public schools and then
realizing. when we get to college,
how much more we really need to
know. These students ·are the lucky
ones because they made it to college.
In general, the over all skills and
quality of education that Chicanos
receive leaves alot to be desired. If
you look at test scores, statistics on
how many go on to college, the drop
out rate and alot of the "objective"
factors, its clear that Chicanos are
not
achieving
as
well
as
they should.
This transpires into alot of
problems
• from
jobs
to
unemployment to being more likely
to use social services and less likely
to be financially independent
Chicanos are a poor people. By
and large, we do not have alot
resources to channel back into the
community. like other groups do.
We don't have as many business' and
are not as well represented in most
sectors of local, state, and national
government. Generally, we don't
have adequate representation in alot
of important places that affect ours
blueprint of the PRI. The structure of this
pany was built upon paying homage to a
defunct revolution. It would face Plutarco
Elias Calles who would set the blood of
the revolution into a mockery and utter
abomination of revolutionary principles.
It was the direction of the reyolution
and the schism that manifested itself in
daily lives.
I believe alot of this is due to not
having been served well in the school
district The lack of representation
can be based on the lack education.
Discrimination is also a factor,
probably more than we care to admit.
But, alot of the time we can do
more to prepare ourselves. Some of
these problems will go away in time
with increased numbers of Chicanos
who are educating themselves.
Q. In California, does bilingual
education face threats of any kind or
is it a well established program?
A. Yes, Bilingual education faces
political threats all the time. Threats
from people who fear foreigners of
fear anything that is different from
the way they perceive something.
The term for this is xenophobic.
In terms of my position, as a
trustee, I am interested in whatever is
the fastest and most effective way to
teach english to kids who don't know
it Everybody agrees with that ,
however, the question that I have is,
what is the best way to teach it?
Frankly, !don't know.
The state last year did away with
it's regulations and mandates for
bilingual education. What we
currently hafve in terms of a
program, at Fresno Unified, is what
we choose have. However, some
rural school districts may not come
up with the same programs.
Fresno Unified has a mult-lingual
master program. The plan uses a
variety of tactics, methods and
materials to make the transition from
their first language to english.
The programs are a necessity. We
the civil wars of 1914-1915 that forever
shattered its promises.
Men like
Venustiano Carranza, an opportunist who
had followed Madero later shattered the
goals of the revolution.
When Carranza assumed the presidency
in 1916, he ignored land reform and had
Emiliano Zapata murdered. What he
JUAN ARAMBULA
have thousands of South East Asian
kids who dna't know english and
have a completely different culture.
Actually, we have more South East
Asian kids who do not speak english
than Chicanos.
In general, I have seen a
willingness on the part of the school
board to genuinlly start looking at
ways to approach these problems we
have discussed. Yes, there problems
with our education system, but we
are meeting these problems head on
and dealing with them.
wanted was power and the revolution had
provided the ~.!itic.31 vacu:::rn that he
needed.
If November 18, 1910, meant
anything at all, it was to end the poverty
and the continued suffering of all
Mexicanos. and to heal a disillusioned
race obsessed with revolution. Such was
its promise.
MESA helps youth fulfill dreams
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
Several hundred feet above the pitt.ed
grassy area just east of the Lab School
Building, a helicopter buzzed loudly to
the awe of about 125 jubilent students
and their families Saturday at CSUF.
Competing in mind twisting events such
as the "egg dropping contest", "radiocontrolled race car slalom" and the
"odyssey of the mind" contests, these
CIL
Continued from Page 3
Lloyd, Dean of Admision at the
University of San Francisco,said that law
schools ~n; iooking for "completed
applications,
good
letters
of
recommendation and a well writt.en
persnnal statement"
high schoolers, with sponsorship from crowd.
the Mathematics, Engineering and
The students, representatives from
Science Achievement Program, had a day almost every high school in Fresno
filled with laughter, defeat, victory and County, are members of a state wide
food.
program entitled MESA, which stresses
The blue and yellow helicopter, which the importance of science and math to
was used to drop raw eggs placed in minority students planning on attending
cushioned containers built by the college. The students were out in the
students, also landed in front of the sunshine over the weekend showing off
competitors and their parents which their skills after weeks of training for the
surged even more excit.ement into the competition.
Justin Kempton, a CSUF Civil
Engineering student who helped
coordinate the radio-controlled race car
CIL secretary Elizabeth Urbano, said
event, says (MESA) has been so
"Club membership is not limited to successful that "we're now incorporating
Chicano students. This semester we have junior high school students into these
about six members who are not of Latin predominantly high school events."
descent."
OnP- !)Opu!ar ~c:ivity this weekend was
Members of the organization are now the model rocket contest which teased and
looking forward to Law Day '89 and the prompted the minds of several students
opportunity to assist students throughout over the last two weeks to come up with
the academic year. For further information different rocket designs. Selma High
on CIL call 294-3021.
School, which placed first in the model
rocket contest, came in with a time of 4
minutes and 50 seconds. "The longer the
duration in flight, the higher the chance
we have to win", said St.even Vivaros of
Selma High, explaining how the rockets
are judged. Vivaros also mentioned,
along with other classmat.es, that their
secret was having two small parachut.es
instead of one large one to bring the
model down. Selma High also did well
in the egg dropping contest. While one
group used blue-colored play-doh to
comfort their eggs from the 200 foot freefall from the chopper, another group used
motor oil mixed with popcorn to cushion
theirs.
Along with the members of MESA.
were grandparents, friends cousins and
siblings who attended the day long event
as well. Matthew Salas, a ten year old
student from Wishon Elementary School
in Fresno, came to the competition with
his cousin, Erica Carrasco from
Roosevelt High School. "I liked the
Please see MESA, page 8
Page 8 Monday, November 21, 1988 La Voz de Azt/an
CYC: Escalante's message comes at right time
Angel de Jesus/La Voz de Aztlan
Contlnued from Page 1
can improve this land."
Proclaiming that "Escalante's message
couldn't come at a better time," Hispanic
Link noted that the high school drop-out
rate is as high as 80 percent among
Latinos in some inner-city schools. Less
than half of U.S. Latinos over 25 have
high school diplomas and only 8.5
percent have college degrees, HLNS
reported.
He said he views his role as a nauonal
symbol for Hispanics as an opportunity
to inspire students he will never meet and
to share his methods of motivating them,
something CYC organizers hope will
occur at the conference.
The Chicano Youth Conference hosts
about 1600 valley area high school
students for the one-day event where
students learn about higher education. It
is sponsored by MEChA and funded by
the Associated Students Inc.
The students will attend workshops
providing information on education and
career planning as well as a college fair
featuring representatives of various higher
education institutions from throughout
the state.
A presentation following registration
will be held to award $50 to the winner of
a brochure cover art contest. The art
contest is open to CSUF students with
the deadline Nov. 28.
The CYC
committee seeks art entries depicting the
1989 CYC theme, "La Educacion Es El
,Principio Del Futuro."
A Chicano Poetry ..eading accompanied
by music will follow the presentation.
An art display featuring local Chicano
artists such as Roger Valderde will be
featured. Los Danzantes de Aztlan,
CSUFs Mexican folkloric dance group
under the direction of CLS professor
Ernesto Martinez, will perform during the
lunch hour.
"We scheduled more cultural events for
the conference this year," said Serrano.
"We decided that the high school students
need to be more aware of their heritage."
The conference will also feature a teatro
skit entitled "Bus Stop" under the
direction of Richard Santana. A DJ will
provide music for the two-hour dance
which will close the conference.
A commemorative souvenir book,
containing information about the
conference, its workshops and schedule,
will be produced by the Chicano
Journalism Student Association for the
event. CSUF President Harold Haak and
Dean of Student Affairs William
Corcoran
will
be
among
the
administrators who will have a message
to the students in the book.
It will highlight the 20th anniversary
of several key Chicano progams on
campus: MEChA, the Chicano/Latino
Studies Program ; and La Voz De
Aztlan . Key information about the
university and higher education will be
included so students may also use the
book as a
reference source after the
conference.
The brochure will be funded from pagespace sponsorships by
schools,
departments, and programs on campus.
The CJSA students will design the ads for
t.'1~ broc!°!il!'e or camera-ready :ds m~v be
submitted.
•
The following participants have
confirmed their support of the CYC
through the book: the Schools of Social
Sciences,
Business Administration,
Health and Social Work, and Human
Development and Education;
the
IRMA SERRANO
CYC Ch ,
arr~erson
Departments of Journalism, Psychology,
Theatre Arts, Telecommunications, Civil
Engineering, Social Work, and the
Chicano/L_atino Studies 1:~gram; and ,
the_ Ed~cauonal Opportu~1ttes Pi:ogr~,
U~1vers1ty Ou_treach S('.rvt:es, Umvers1ty
Migrant Services, Housmg, and the
Learning Resource Cer.ter. Several others
have ve;bally reserved space.
AIDS: Hispanic Counselor needed
Continued from page 1
out a newsletter every month, put· on
blown AIDS. I want to make it a point speaker training sessions and even run our
to distinguish ARC (AIDS Related own confidential AIDS testing.".· says
Complex) and full-blown AIDS from one Hall also indicating her hectic and busy
another. There is a definite difference that work schedule throughout the day. "We
needs to be emphasized."
get between 50 ~nd 110 phcae ~!s per
The difference tietween i\RC an the day on the average. Righ now we have
classic disease AIDS lies with the fact about 30 volunteers who work mostly
that ARC represents symptoms indicating evenings but I'm really desperate for
the probability of a weakened immune people who can answer phones in the day
system. Signs may include skin rashes, time."
diarrhea, tiredness or swollen lymph
Hall also directly expressed her
glands. Full-blown AIDS, on the other opinion on the issue of whether or not
hand, represents a destroyed immune people carrying the disease should be
system incapable of regaining or identified in public as having the illness.
recooperating itself to fight off even the
"First of all, there is no reason for
common cold.
These opportunistic
(the public) to know that anyone has
diseases which get into the body is what AIDS and second, all it would cause is
leads to death.
mass hysteria.
Hall, whose duty is to "call people up
Erline Kidder, Client Services Director
and ask them very kindly if they'd like Jo for the Valley AIDS Team and considered
volunteer their time at the center," says a senior staff member at the center, takes
the Central Valley AIDS Team has many a- one-on-one approach to dealing with
services to offer. "We run hot-lines, put AIDS victims and their families. "I deal
MESA
Continued from page 7
rocket contest the best and I want to be in
MESA when I get a little pigger", Salas
said of t.~~ ~-.-~;.:s as ;,e rn~iled off co yet
another activity.
Lisa Rivera, a student from Clovis High
School noted that, during the :MESA
meets, "I got a chance to improve in
algebra, geometry and English and we got
to do different activities in science."
Rivera also noted that "even though we
didn't compete in the rockets, it's pretty
interesting to see everybody compete and
also bringing their brothers, sisters, and
cousins and seeing them involved."
Ochoa admits that although she thought
MESA was just a small group of
minorities when she first joined at
Washington Junior High in Sanger, she
now says it's much more than that.
"There's a lot of support and
encouragement for people like me."
Even though this was Ochoa's first
speech, she didn't think about getting
nervous in front of the audience. "I didn't
let that stop me; I just thought about
getting my point across."
Henry Villanueva, the CSUF Director
of the Minority Engineering Program,
views the speech event as "the ~,:mghest
activity these students have to go
through", referring to the five students
who took on the nerve-racking feat.
Ochoa, who gave her audience an
emotional lecture about the meaning of
Another important event, the speech- MESA, praised her parents' efforts in
giving contest, "gives students confidence pushing her toward a higher education.
in themselves", according to Crystal "It's my parents who give me the
Ochoa from Sanger High School. "I encouragement to go out and be
wanted to let others know how :MESA someone", Ochoa stated in an interview
really helped me by giving the speech." after her talk.
directly with the victims and their
families helping them get Social
Security, setting up appointments to get
in-home care for them and things of that
nature."
Speaking on the fact that there aren't
any Hispanic -counselors on the staff of
the AIDS Team, Kidder stated, "We need
to get (AIDS information) out and from
a Hispanic counselor. We're doing all we
can to get a qualified Hispanic. They are
an asset for (the AIDS Team) because
most of them ~ bilingual and can really
contribute effectively to the eradication of
this dreadful disease."
Many
public
health
officials,
deliberating upon the different methods of
contracting the disease have, reasonably,
brought the mosquito into the picture.
More notably is the female mosquito
which sucks blood from humans and
animals for survival purposes. It would
be natural to assume that because AIDS
is found in blood, it would be possible to
SARAGOZA
Continued from page 6
American, Mexican, or even "Hispanic."
"The important point here then is that
questions of race, class gender, and
immigration/migration are, in my
op1ruon, the ingredients to better
understanding the Chicano experience,"
said Saragoza.
After the lecture, Dr. Saragoza talked to
La Voz about the role of the Chicano
student today in light of 20 years of
struggle in the past by Chicanos to
&chieve cu.TTent gains.
He said that while 1t 1s necessary to
get involved in social issues that are
important to each individual, a balance
between studying and getting involved
could be found .
get AIDS from an insect bite. However,
Hall denounces this reasoning as fallacy.
"A survey was taken in Florida to
determine the different causes of AJDS
among refugees between the ages of 20
and 45 since scientists noted that there
had been a probtem witlr-mosquitos in
that area. And it was proven that you
cannot get AIDS from insect bites." Hall
also stressed that it is not possible for
dogs, cats or any domestic animals to
transmit or carry the disease. "You
simply can't get AIDS from an animal.
It has to do with the types of cells the
virus attacks."
Addressing the issue of minorities on
staff at the AIDS center, Hall stated that
there hasn't been a "well qualified"
Hispanic found to fill the spot and despite
this fact, there isn't room for paid workers
at the moment. There may not be an
Hispanic on staff as a counselor says
Hall, "but Hispanics with AIDS are one
of our target points."
" It is important to pursue what is
meaningful to you," he said.
Saragoza also serves as the Chair of the
Central American Latin Studies at UC
Berkeley. He has served on the faculty
there for the last six years.
He based his talk on his essay "Recent
Chicano Historical Scholarships and
Appraisals," which was published in the
Journal of Ethnic Affairs.
He has also authored
Fresno's
Hispanic Heritage and The Monterrey
Elite and the Mexican State.
Saragoza graduated from CSUF in
1969. He received his masters degree from
Harvard in 1971 and his Ph.D. at UC San
Diego in 1979. He served as the La Raza
Studies Coordinator at CSUF from 197173 and 1975--77.
CYC ART CONTEST
DEADLINE NOVEMBER 28TH
For more information call 435-2102
VOZDE
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FREsNO
MONDAY, NOVEMBER
21, 1988
Escalante to
keynote CYC
Portrayed in film 'Stand and Deliver'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
East Los Angeles math teacher Jaime
Escalante, whose work with minority
high school students inspired the motion
picture "Stand and Deliver" earlier this
year, will be the keynote speaker for the
16th annual Chicano Youth Conference
on January 14.
Escalante, a Garfield High School math
teacher, was portrayed in the movie by
award-winning actor Edward James
Olmos. Both figures enjoy high profiles
in the Chicano/Latino community.
Escalante's presence is expected to draw
increased interest to the conference due to
the movie's acclaim in the Hispani
community.
Irma
Serrano,
Chicano
Youth
Conference Committee chair, said that
Escalante will be "one of the greatest
motivators at the conference."
"You don't see many· teachers
him," said Serrano, "He will be the best
person to help students see the light
about the importance of education."
"Stand and Deliver" is the story of
Escalante's work at Garfield, where he
motivates students at the 99.9 percent
Hispanic school to excel in the most
difficult of math sciences, calculus,
according to a recent article from Hispanic
Link News Service.
Escalante taught a group of minority
students to pass difficult placement tests
but when they accomplished that feat,
test officials suspected the students
cheated. The students retook the tests and
passed the second time, thanks to the
skills and confidence he instilled in them.
The movie, directed by
El Teatro
Campesino founder and director Luis
Valdez, is a story about how , with gooa
'Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so
that they can improve this
land.'
- Jaime Escalante
direction , minority students can be
motivated to excel.
Escalante also inspired his colleagues
who now prepare nearly 500 students to
take other advanced placement tests,
Hispanic Link reported.
"It is neccessary to teach with the
patience of a turtle, the tenacity of 2.
spider, the power of a general and the
mind of a calculator," he told the news
service. "Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so that they
'w~e-·· .
Please see ESCALANTE, page 6
Latinos and AIDS
Central Valley AIDS Team seeks bilingual counselor
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
There are 48,000 of them in the
United States. Most of them don't know
they have it They seem to be evolving
by the thousands every year. 16,000 of
them are in California alone. 69 of them
have died in Fres11:9 already. Are we
playing Trivial Pursuit? De~nitely not
The information may be convincing but,
the controversy of Hispanics with AIDS
is no trivia.
AIDS, according to a spokesperson in San Francisco who chose not to be
identified, seems to be the "friend"
Mother warned them about bringing
home. "The only difference is that once
it's brought home, it will never leave."
This sad fact may indeed be true but as
Surgeon General C. Everett Koop puts it,
"We are fighting a disease, not people.
We must prevent the spread of AIDS,
while at the same time, preserve our
humanity and intim~::y."
Percentage of AIDS cases
by year of diagnosis and raceUnited States
~
Hispanic
1111 Black
S _Anglo
80
1-
zw
60
ct:
40
u
w
0..
0
1981
1982
According to the latest findings from
the American Journal of Health, every 14
minutes a new case of AIDS is reported.
Going at that pace, we'll have over
526,000 cases being reported every year.
That is the approximate total population
1983
1984
1985
1986
of Fresno County alone. By the year
2000, just 11 short years away, 10
million people will carry the virus. In
that year, the reported number of people
with AIDS will amount to five percent of
the total population of the United States.
That number, right now, is equal to the
total population of Florida or 50
Fresno's.
These figures may be
immense, but keep in mind that this does
not mean the reported cases of actual fullblown AIDS.
Candy Hall, who has been Volunteer
Coordinator for the Central Valley AIDS
Team in Fresno, made it clear that just
because "you've been exposed to the
virus, does not mean you will get the fullblown disease." She says, "We even had
a man from England who got the disease
15 years ago and no symptoms had
shown up until now."
IDill, who had been a volunteer for the
AIDS Team for six months and recently
promoted to a full time position as
Volunteer Coordinator for the AIDS
center says that "with lots of care,
treatment and proper education, the
chances are "slim" that one who has been
exposed to the disease will experience full-
Please see AIDS, page 8
Page 2
Monday, November 21, 1988
La-Voz de Aztlan
Carrasco's Corner
revenue e~cements
Free Speech and
Social Responsibility
'Rev-a-,nU en-'hance-ment~
. 1. v,: hijher 'hlxes, cuu
·n &oc.ia.L sec.uri:tY, ·,ncrease
n defense a.nd Star 'tlor;
ie. fuur ~e. year"' of'
Re49anom ,cs/
\
. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......;•. , __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _111111!.
By Ivan T. Vincent
Guest Columnist
The First Amendment includes Freedom
of Speech and Freeddom of the Press.
One is contigent on the other an both rely
on prudence and responsibility. To
~comply to these laws, journalists, editors
and news people, as well as the average
man, woman and child must keep a check
and balance of their actions. Because of
this self-imposed restraint, the First
Amendment is not an absolute power
to allow a person to say whatever
whenever the feeling moves him or her,
and in the process licentiously and
vexatiously attack a group or minority.
highest degree of protection from official
interference. If that were the only sort
of expression entitled
to
First
Amendment protection, there would be no
need to talk about varying degrees, at
least when the subject-matter aspect of
the expression is concerned.
But political speech is not, of course,
the only subject matter to which Frist
Amendment protection has been extended.
The degree of protection, however, is not
uniform. The nature of, or the requried
governmental justification for, restriction
of speech on several subjects differs from
the nonn.
Several opinions suggest, for example,
that speech appealing to the interest in
To convey some appreciation of the sex but not qualifying as obscenity may
difficulties confronted in applying the be restricted in ways that other speech
First Amendment to any aspect of human may not
endeavor, to focus on in particular, is the
enormous diversity of expressive conduct
A second way of categorizing speech,
with respect to which it must be decided
other
than by its subject matter, is by its
whether First Amendment protection
truth
or falsity. False speech receives
exists, and if it does so, the extent of the
reduced
protection. It was argued in the
protection.
case Gertz v. Welch "...there is no
The law displays an enonnous evolution constitutional value in false statements of
in the last fifty years. Looking to the fact Neither the intentional lie no1· the
Supreme Court precedent after the era of careless error materially advances society's
World War I, the contrast is even more interest in 'uninhibitied, robust, and wideopen'...public issues."
Guest
Columnist
startling. Involving state rather than
federal action either addresses free-speech
objections under the state constitution's
equivalent of the First Amendment, or
addresses on the merits, rather than
dismissing as nonexistent, free-speech
guarantees under the federal constitution,
or procedes with no apparent awareness of
any conceivable free-speech problems.
The First Amendment categorically
prohibits nothing except prior restraints
on speech--that is, the suppression of
speech beforehand--and allows any sort of
speech to be punished after the fact, so
long as it has some "tendency" to be
harmful to the society. Only a few,
isolated opinions before World War I
indicate that the First Amendment could
be more than a paper guarantees. The
principal moral is that the First
Amendment is particularly fragile
protection, constantly subject to assault,
in and thus, constantly in need of zealous
defense.
The words of the First Amendment are
that "Congress shall ·make no
law ...abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press.... " What elements are
included within the terms "speech" and
"press?"
Does "abridgment" of the
"freedom" mean the same thing with
regard to all of those elements?
It is generclly agreed, for example, that
what might be called "political speech"-the expression of views en matters that
are, or could be, the subject cf
governmental action--is entitled to the
Drawing
the
line
between
constitutionally valuable "opinions" and
constitutionally
worthless
"false
statements of fact" has been one of the
major focuses of libel law ever since.
It has sometimes been suggested, but
thus far has never been accepted, that the
institutional press (the "media") has
particularly expansive First Amendment
rights. But if a speech can be categorized
on the basis of the identity of the speaker,
it can also be categorized on the basis of
the nature of the audience. It is well
established that a speech aimed at or
readily available to juveniles may be
regulated in circumstances where similar
speech aimed at or available to adults
could not
Last, but not least, speech may be
catego1ized !;:,• :~ mode of expressivn.
The Supreme Court has said "each
method of communicating ideas is 'a law
unto itself and that law must reflect the
'differing natures, values, abuses and
angers' of each method."
But differences among the various
modes of verbal communication are
nothing beside the differences between
verbal communications and some other
forms of expression. The Supreme Court
has said that "we cannot accept ~e view
that an apparently limitless variety of
conduct can be labeled 'speech' whenever
the person engaging in the conduct
intends to express an idea."
It seems clear from the cases that
verbal communications forms the core of
First Amendment protection and that
whatever the contours of those categories
may be are entitled to somewhat lesser
protection. But it suffices to convey
Please see, IVAN, page 3
La Voz de Aztlan Monday,, Novennber 21, 1988
Page 3
GUEST
COLUMNIST
SALON C
Continued from page 2
some appreciation of the difficulty and
complexity of a First Amendment
d~tcrmi.,ation. .-,urel:-,· !..~e ;;:esenct! or
absence of the various elements to which
those categories pertain is highly relevant
to whether, and to what extent, speech
can be abridged.
The variations are numerous, and if that
does not make the answer difficult enough
to predict, the degree of "heightened" or
"reduced" protection that the various
categories entail is entirely unspecified
and inherently unspccifiable.
A great concern with respect to First
Amendment law, as with respect to other
fields, is that elegant refinement may
have produced a system in which perfect
justice in the individual case is
theoretically more likely, but equivalent
justice in the whole body of cases
impossible. Even if the courts are free to
!~-in!:erpret the firs~ Amendment ad
libitum, unifonnity does not seem
worth the cost of unifonn foolishness.
- Investment
CSUF students who were NHSF Ambassadors were, left to right,
Albert Martinez, David Medez, Rosa Hildalgo, Silvia Virgo, Martina
Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris Bencomo, Juan Gonzalez, and Alfonso
Garcia. The unidentified student at right attends USFC.
First Amendment cases are not about
the First Amendment, but about some
concrete and fact-bound wrong that was
inflicted upon a group or minority.
700 make NHSF banquet a success
J}y.1., Johfln»~ ,Munoz ... ., "··, .,.
Staff Writer
,1111. :o1.
Much like the motion picture that
depic1.e<l Chicano success, the National
Hispanic Scholarship Fund "stood and
delivered" in Fresno last month.
The gala affair also included nine
CSUF Chicano students who served as
"student ambassadors."
"What we're going to do tonight is
stand and deliver, " said Al Alarcon,
chairman of the board for Fresno Friends
of the National Hispanic Scholarship
Fund ..
"We work in the community to fight
the drop-out problem, then we have to
come up with funds to keep the students
in school and help them finish their
education."
· .,,
·
Approximately 700 people turned out
for the black-tie, $100 a-plate dinner,
making this year's banquet one of the
largest for the NHSF, which holds such
affairs throughout the nation.
Guest appearances included actor
Lorenzo Lamas, star of "Falcon Crest,"
and celebrities Anthony Cordova, Marc
Allen Trujillo and Richard Yniguez from
Nosot:as, the orgarJzation of Hispanic
artists in the entcr:ainment industry.
Trujillo and Yniguez performed the
evening's entertainment, along with the
world-renown mariachi band "Los
Camperos."
The
NHSF
organization
provides
scholarships for Hispanic college students
which includes those of Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Carribbean, Central and
South American descent.
The
organization now in its second decade of
operation , is supported by more than 250
corporations, private foundations, and
businesses:
Recipients are chosen on academic
achievement,
personal
strengths, .
leadership and financial need.
Since its inception in 1975, the
NHSF is recognized as the leading
Hispanic scholarship organization in the
nation having awarded $4.8 million to
more than 7,om students nationwide.
according to NHSF literavm~ uistribui.Cd
at the banquet.
Last year, ten CSUF students received
scholarships ranging from $400 to
$1000. This year organizers hope to raise
$100,000 for Fresno County students
who demonstrate need.
Alarcon said, "I've always been
enthused for years with the NHSF and
I've always wanted to do something like
this in Fresno."
Traditionally fund raising events for the
NHSF have been held in larger cities such
as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago,
Houston and New York.
The CSUF students who served as
ambassadors were Albert Martinez, David
Medez, Rosa Hidalgo, Silvia Virgo,
Martina Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris
Bencomo, · Juan Gonz~:~. .AJfonso
Garcia.
Future lawyers benefit from CIL's Law Day '88
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
The ten&. annual Law Day '88
sponsored by the Chicanos in Law
Association
and
the
Associated
Students,lnc. was a success, according to
the CIL chairman.
"The conference was a success because
the workshops attracted large crowds and
law school recruiters were pleased with
the number of students who signed their
recruiting lists." said CIL chairman Joe
Peraza.
"There were a lot of students who were
also pleased because they got a hold of
applications from some of California's
top law schools." he added.
Chicanos In Law, in cooperation with
the Associated Students, sponsored their
tenth annual Law Day '88 on November 3
in the Cafeteria Room 200.
The day-long event is held to Whittier, and New College of Law.
familiarize students with the many
"I am learning a whole new language
procedures involved in entering law of legal tenninology this semester," said
school. It included several workshops panelist Jaime Rodriquez, a CSUF
one in particular was the Law School
Admission Test (LSA1) workshop. Ida
Jones, a business law professor here at "... a completely different
CSUF, gave an outline of the exam and
challenge... "
also gave key strategies on how to
prepare for it
- Jaime P. Rodriguez
Law Day represents is the only pre-law
conference in Central California.
The Student Panel orientation graduate and first year student at
workshop consisted of six Chicano Willamette College of Law, "But its great
first, second, and third year law school because I find it to be a completely
students who spoke about their difi'erent ch?Jlenge than my undergraduate
readjustment experiences during their first work I did while I was here at CSUF."
year and how the workload doubled
A workshop on an affirmative action
compared to their
undergraduate program, designed to increase the number
education.
of minorities in the legal profession,the
Among the law schools represented by Council on Legal Education Opportunity
the panelists were U.C. Berkeley, USC, ,c:::..E0)_was held.
Willamette College of Law, Hastings,
Workshop speaker Rosendo Pena, also
an attorney for the Fifth District Court of
Appeals and said, "The program is
designed to assist minority students
during their legal education and also to
help
eliminate
the
gross
underrepresentation of minorities in the
legal field.
Currently, Chicanos are being
represented at less than 1.5 % and Blacks
at 3% in the legal field nationwide,
according to Pena.
Fresno attorney Joel Murrillo, agreed
that there is an imperative need for
Chicano attorneys who speak Spanish and
understand that minority representation
in the legal field is needed.
A workshop on the admissions and
financial aid processes was also held. the
hour-long workshop speaker Kenneth
Please see CIL, page 7
"A Dancing Soul" Manuel R. Vasaure, Tulare Artist
Dr. Orozco explains
The Day of the Dead
For the past four years El Centro de
Bellas Artes has put together a
comemoration of "El Dia de los Muertos"
(Day of the Dead) with The Metropolitan
Museum. In it's fourth year the exibition
has been a great success.
"It is very interesting to learn about
other cultures, I have enjoyed the
paintings and sculptures very much." said
Steve Chamow while observing the
"Drop Dead Legs" sculpture.
For thousands of years there have been
many myths and legends about death.
Such myths usually convey a sense of
nervousness and despair towards death. At
times, hypocritically, the impossible is
attempted in order to avoid what must
happen naturally.
The Day of The Dead has its roots in
ancient Aztec society wherein death was
largely accepted with resignation by its
people who, through this experience,
formulated ways to remem~r their loved
one:s. Instead of mourning they decideu to
celebrate by remembering all of their
deceased.
"The native had a set of twenty days.
He counted the years from twenty to
twenty, he already had one of those
twenty days designated to the death. They
called this day Miquixtli." said Dr.
Cecilio Orozco, the Department Chair of
the of Bilingual Education.
Orozco ,one of the first organizers of El
Centro de Bellas Artes, said, "The
Mexican got into a culture in which death
had no paper, he felt like the roots of his
culture were lost This was why El
Centro de Bellas Artes was done in order
to provide the public information (about
El Dia de los Muertos.)"
Today in Mexico this event is widely
celebrated in different ways, often in
peoples' homes as well as in the streets.
Altars are prepared in the homes several
weeks in advance. Drinks, candies, and
exquisite meals are gathered for the
deceased and then left out on the altar
overnight. It is believed that when the
darkness comes the dead search for food
after their long travel from the other
world.
Besides placing altars at home, people
also gather in graveyards to visit their
dead friends and family members. Here
they tell stories about their loved ones
and share memories of the past
In the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos,
contests are held in the palace of Arms
"Dead Head" Linda Vane·o, Los Angeles
p
t
"Dia de los Deadweights" Ricardo Favela Royal, Chicano Airforce
"The Mexican got into a culture in
which death had no paper.... "
-Dr. Cecilio Orozco
"This Jale is Dead"
"Drop Dead Legs" Ezequiel Orona, Madera Artist
Photographs and Story
By Hector Amezcua
Photo Editor
where representations of the dead fill the
corridor~ alo1.g with adornments and
altars. These altars contain a variety of
items, such as the machete and other
tools that were used by the deceased, their
favorite foods, as well as a bottle of
tequila for those who drank in abundance.
For the women such things as
embroideries, clothing, and soft drinks are
left In some cases dressed up mannequins
are placed besides pictures and coffins.
In Janitzio, Michoacan customs differ.
Here the deceased young, especially
infants, are remembered in events which
take place on the first day of November.
"Families gather every year and spend
all night in the graveyards, not even the
freezing weather stops them from
celebrating." Orozco said.
"The poor people has always seen death
like their intimate friend, since it's the
only thing that only leaves the skeleton.
The President dies and turns into a
skeleton, the Street Sweeper turns into a
skeleton, and the Doctor turns into a
skeleton," Dr. Orozco concluded.
Even though economic hardship is
widespread in Mexico traditional events
are still practiced with enthusiasm. In the
day to day struggle to survive thre is still
time to remember that there is a positive
side to death so the dead are especially
remembered every year.
Page 6
Monday, Novennber 21, 1988 La Voz de Aztlan
Saragoza articulates
'Chicano Experience'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
The Chicano culture is so diverse it
cannot be defined as one single and only
"Chicano experience," according to Dr.
Alex Saragoza, fonner CSUF professor
who is now chainnan of the UC
Berkeley Department of Ethnic Studies.
"Not all people who come from
Mexico are the same. They come from
different regions, so they have different
customs and beliefs," Saragoza told a
group of about 100 CSUF Chicano
students in a speech on campus last
month.
Saragoza, a Madera native,
was
s~aking in a series of guest lectures
Chicanos /ace
racism in varying
degrees
commemorating the 20th anniversary of
the CSUF Chicano/Latino Studies
Program.
He once served as the
program's coordinator when it was named
La Raza Studies.
In addition to measuring the impact of
racism on the Chicano experience, he said
three more factors help provide a better
understanding of that experience: class
status,
gender,
and
.a
immigration/migration.
He gave examples based on his studies
and experiences.
Chicanos face racism and prejudice in
varying degrees, Saragoza asserted, and
class status . mediates the intensity of
respective
encounters
with
these
problems.
He cited that when he goes to the
market and is dressed "very raggedy," the
cashier assumes that he is from Mexico,
cannot speak English, and so asks a
Latino employee to help her by
interpreting.
But when Saragoza informs her that he
can speak English, she acts somewhat
perturbed in proceeding to finish his
transaction. In contrast, he explained that
when he goes to an establishment such as
Macy's dressed in nice clothes, the sales
people cater to his every need.
"Since we are perceived a certain way,
we are treated according to the perception
of that person," said Saragoza.
And, since everyone is perceived a
different way, we all have different kinds
of experiences, he added.
Saragoza said gender also plays a role
in what kinds of experiences we face,
especially because double standards still
exist within the Chicano community
between men and women.
"How many times have you seen your
brother or uncle, or your male cousin
leave the house and somebody says,
Angel de Jesus/ La Voz de Azllan
Where are you going in those tight
Dr. Alex Saragoza, UC Berkeley
pants?' or somebody tells your brother,
With that makeup you look like a
clown! he said.
"But when a woman leaves the house
"The mi&ration of Mexicanos from one and beliefs.
this way, things are different. A girl of region to another [Texas to California]
He maintained that the Chicano
the age of 23 is still questioned when has been underestimated." he said. experience cannot be reduced to the people
going out, \mt a boy of 16 will not be "Tex;~os :Jlf~ ,• ';'ery ... different from who have been here three, two or one
questioned. Ii~
' - .•~•··· .J t~. • ••
Califomios.
~
generation because everyone who arrives ·
Saragoza further emphasized that
Saragoza said Mexicanos from Texas
here
will, at one time or another,
immigration/migration and the proximity more than likely come from a different
eventually be defined as Mexicanof the border contributes to the diversity area of Mexico than those who migrate to
of Chic~os.
California. Each have different customs
Please see SARAGOZA, I¾ige 8
111
11
A Historieal Perspective:
The Promise of the Revolution (November 18, 1910)
By Matty Duran
Staff Writer
Dark skin burning still darker with the
tropical sun, he wore a huge sombrero,
and a vest of bullets across his muscular
chest. Dressed in black, he was a
ranchero, not a peasant. He was the
Mestizo, Emiliano Zapata, the man, who,
for most Mexicans, embodies the
Mexican Revolution ~cause of his
defense of "los pobres." These were the
dispossessed Indians who were stripped of
their land under the "Porfiriato, the
dictatorship of Caudillo General Profirio
Diaz (1876-1911.)
For most Mexicans the revolution
meant "Land and Liberty . Life under the
Porfiriato was a struggle for the majority
of the population, who were Indians and
Mestizos.
It was they who died from starvation
while living as slaves. This was the
revolution for the Mexicanos, the
opportunity to be treated like men. To be
free from the hacendado's whip, and to
own the land they had toiled over.
It was the promise to feed their
families, the promise of a better life for
their children, and the promise of life
itself.
For that promise alone, over 2 million
Mexicanos, men, women, and children,
11
11
gave up their lives and followed Zapata,
so that their dependence on others would
end. That was the "real" revolution, at
least for the Mexican people.
Despite Zapata's efforts in Morelos,
the revolution could never keep its
promises. For as Zapata fought in the
South to restore the lost ejidos to the
dispossessed, others also fought. This
was the struggle that did not die with the
end of the Profiriato. This is the struggle
that cuntinues to this day.
The revolution was a dichotomous
struggle due to the fact that the man who
many Mexicans put their faith in to rule
the nation was an hacendado named
Francisco I. Madero. Although he felt
sorry for the dispossessed peasants that he
saw on his own hacienda, it was not
enough to jeopardize the stability he felt
the nation so deperately needed. Yet such
a condition could only be gained through
fair elections and representation of the
masses in the congress.
The five-foot hacendado was the man
who would assume the presidency in
1911. Unlike Zapata, who resembled the
people he had fought for, Madero had
creamy skin and his wealth seemed to
reinforce the fact that he was from
"another world" of class privilege.
To a man who never truly understood
the plight of the Mexicano, democracy
was only a hollow word in the face of
extreme hunger, while political refonn
was only an abstract concept to a people
who were illiterate. For the parents who's
children's
bellies
were
bloated,
"enfranchisement" sounded like an exotic,
foreign word outside of their vocabulary.
Madero, who was a spiritualist, had not
meara to be unkind, for the peasants on
his hacienda truly loved him. But by
being wealthly he misunderstood the great
needs of the people, especially their
burning need for land with which to feed
their families. Such was the false promise
of the revolution, the kind of life it meant
for the impoverished masses.
As Zapata fought and Madero planned,
there were other revolutionaries who
struggled.
Doroteo Arango, known to the world
as Pancho Villa, fought with the fervor of
a thousand revolutionaries. The 5'10,"
husky general had been a bandit by
nature.
He loved both Zapata and
Madero, yet this was the psychological,
as well as political tear in the whole
movement
Zapat.:t was a social reformer, who
wanted a social revolution for his people,
while Madero was a political refonner
who fought for a political revolution. It
was a schizophrenic revolution, which
promised everything, but delivered
virtually nothing that represented tangible
progress for the masses.
The revolutionary promises were
murdered in the end because Zapata
hifrisc.;:.- wieldec no politicai power, while
Madero had been a wealthy hacendado
who ultimately became the president of
the republic in 1911.
Men like Pancho Villa were tom in the
struggle. Although Villa wanted land
reform, he did not understand Madero's
political promises. Yet his love for the
people and his respect for Madero and
Zapata set him in the middle of the
struggle. His lifestyle put a gun in his
hand and the temperament of the
revolution was similar to his own.
For had the people seen the true
implications of the revolution, there
would have been no unrealistic
expections. Initially the revolution meant
only the overturn of Porfirio Diaz.
Although it broke the back of the unjust
hacienda system it had not killed it.
Although the revolution was the
promise
of
democracy,
some
revolutionaries consolidated their power
into the new governmental oody known
as the PRI (Partido Revolucionario
Please see MEX-REV, page 7
La Voz de Aztlan Monday, Monday 21, 1988
Page 7
FUSD Trustee
Arambula finds 'reward' in his 'difficult task'
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
Addressing the problems of a large
school district, like the city of
Fresno's, can be a "difficult task,"
however, it can also have its
"rewards" says Juan Arambula.
Arambula is a Board of Trustees
member for the Fresno Unified
School District
Juan was born and raised in
Delano, California, and spent many
of those early years working in the
agricultural fields throughout the
Central Valley. He now holds a
undergraduate degree from Harvard, a
J.D. from Berkeley's Boalt Hall, a
Master Degree from the School of
Administration at Stanford and is
also a practicing attorney here in
Fresno.
In a recent interview with Juan I
asked him several questions
concerning his new position as a
board member, the problems
facing Chicano students in the
Fresno School District and how these
problems were being addressed.
Q. why did you run for a post on
the board of trustees?
A. I ran because I believed I could
do some good .... I went to public
schools and its certainly better than
working in the fields. I also feel it
was the least I could do to put my
services and my education to a good
use.
Q. Wha~ do you believe is the
greatest problem facing Chicano
students in our public schools.
A. I think the problem that kids
face when their growing up is an
Revolution
Continued from Page 6
Institucional) or the Institutional
Revolutionary Party.
The one-arm, stocky, revolutionary
General Alvaro Obregon drew up the
inadequate education. That is the
general problem. If we had a good
education, and good skills, we would
see more Chicanos in good paying
jobs, and in the higher professions.
The fact is, this is not the case.
One aspect of the roblem is the drop
out rate. Quite a few students never
make it to graduation, and the ones
that do make it have not really been
taught the skills or essentials to do
well in school.
Most of us, including myself at
that time, have blundered our way
through public schools and then
realizing. when we get to college,
how much more we really need to
know. These students ·are the lucky
ones because they made it to college.
In general, the over all skills and
quality of education that Chicanos
receive leaves alot to be desired. If
you look at test scores, statistics on
how many go on to college, the drop
out rate and alot of the "objective"
factors, its clear that Chicanos are
not
achieving
as
well
as
they should.
This transpires into alot of
problems
• from
jobs
to
unemployment to being more likely
to use social services and less likely
to be financially independent
Chicanos are a poor people. By
and large, we do not have alot
resources to channel back into the
community. like other groups do.
We don't have as many business' and
are not as well represented in most
sectors of local, state, and national
government. Generally, we don't
have adequate representation in alot
of important places that affect ours
blueprint of the PRI. The structure of this
pany was built upon paying homage to a
defunct revolution. It would face Plutarco
Elias Calles who would set the blood of
the revolution into a mockery and utter
abomination of revolutionary principles.
It was the direction of the reyolution
and the schism that manifested itself in
daily lives.
I believe alot of this is due to not
having been served well in the school
district The lack of representation
can be based on the lack education.
Discrimination is also a factor,
probably more than we care to admit.
But, alot of the time we can do
more to prepare ourselves. Some of
these problems will go away in time
with increased numbers of Chicanos
who are educating themselves.
Q. In California, does bilingual
education face threats of any kind or
is it a well established program?
A. Yes, Bilingual education faces
political threats all the time. Threats
from people who fear foreigners of
fear anything that is different from
the way they perceive something.
The term for this is xenophobic.
In terms of my position, as a
trustee, I am interested in whatever is
the fastest and most effective way to
teach english to kids who don't know
it Everybody agrees with that ,
however, the question that I have is,
what is the best way to teach it?
Frankly, !don't know.
The state last year did away with
it's regulations and mandates for
bilingual education. What we
currently hafve in terms of a
program, at Fresno Unified, is what
we choose have. However, some
rural school districts may not come
up with the same programs.
Fresno Unified has a mult-lingual
master program. The plan uses a
variety of tactics, methods and
materials to make the transition from
their first language to english.
The programs are a necessity. We
the civil wars of 1914-1915 that forever
shattered its promises.
Men like
Venustiano Carranza, an opportunist who
had followed Madero later shattered the
goals of the revolution.
When Carranza assumed the presidency
in 1916, he ignored land reform and had
Emiliano Zapata murdered. What he
JUAN ARAMBULA
have thousands of South East Asian
kids who dna't know english and
have a completely different culture.
Actually, we have more South East
Asian kids who do not speak english
than Chicanos.
In general, I have seen a
willingness on the part of the school
board to genuinlly start looking at
ways to approach these problems we
have discussed. Yes, there problems
with our education system, but we
are meeting these problems head on
and dealing with them.
wanted was power and the revolution had
provided the ~.!itic.31 vacu:::rn that he
needed.
If November 18, 1910, meant
anything at all, it was to end the poverty
and the continued suffering of all
Mexicanos. and to heal a disillusioned
race obsessed with revolution. Such was
its promise.
MESA helps youth fulfill dreams
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
Several hundred feet above the pitt.ed
grassy area just east of the Lab School
Building, a helicopter buzzed loudly to
the awe of about 125 jubilent students
and their families Saturday at CSUF.
Competing in mind twisting events such
as the "egg dropping contest", "radiocontrolled race car slalom" and the
"odyssey of the mind" contests, these
CIL
Continued from Page 3
Lloyd, Dean of Admision at the
University of San Francisco,said that law
schools ~n; iooking for "completed
applications,
good
letters
of
recommendation and a well writt.en
persnnal statement"
high schoolers, with sponsorship from crowd.
the Mathematics, Engineering and
The students, representatives from
Science Achievement Program, had a day almost every high school in Fresno
filled with laughter, defeat, victory and County, are members of a state wide
food.
program entitled MESA, which stresses
The blue and yellow helicopter, which the importance of science and math to
was used to drop raw eggs placed in minority students planning on attending
cushioned containers built by the college. The students were out in the
students, also landed in front of the sunshine over the weekend showing off
competitors and their parents which their skills after weeks of training for the
surged even more excit.ement into the competition.
Justin Kempton, a CSUF Civil
Engineering student who helped
coordinate the radio-controlled race car
CIL secretary Elizabeth Urbano, said
event, says (MESA) has been so
"Club membership is not limited to successful that "we're now incorporating
Chicano students. This semester we have junior high school students into these
about six members who are not of Latin predominantly high school events."
descent."
OnP- !)Opu!ar ~c:ivity this weekend was
Members of the organization are now the model rocket contest which teased and
looking forward to Law Day '89 and the prompted the minds of several students
opportunity to assist students throughout over the last two weeks to come up with
the academic year. For further information different rocket designs. Selma High
on CIL call 294-3021.
School, which placed first in the model
rocket contest, came in with a time of 4
minutes and 50 seconds. "The longer the
duration in flight, the higher the chance
we have to win", said St.even Vivaros of
Selma High, explaining how the rockets
are judged. Vivaros also mentioned,
along with other classmat.es, that their
secret was having two small parachut.es
instead of one large one to bring the
model down. Selma High also did well
in the egg dropping contest. While one
group used blue-colored play-doh to
comfort their eggs from the 200 foot freefall from the chopper, another group used
motor oil mixed with popcorn to cushion
theirs.
Along with the members of MESA.
were grandparents, friends cousins and
siblings who attended the day long event
as well. Matthew Salas, a ten year old
student from Wishon Elementary School
in Fresno, came to the competition with
his cousin, Erica Carrasco from
Roosevelt High School. "I liked the
Please see MESA, page 8
Page 8 Monday, November 21, 1988 La Voz de Azt/an
CYC: Escalante's message comes at right time
Angel de Jesus/La Voz de Aztlan
Contlnued from Page 1
can improve this land."
Proclaiming that "Escalante's message
couldn't come at a better time," Hispanic
Link noted that the high school drop-out
rate is as high as 80 percent among
Latinos in some inner-city schools. Less
than half of U.S. Latinos over 25 have
high school diplomas and only 8.5
percent have college degrees, HLNS
reported.
He said he views his role as a nauonal
symbol for Hispanics as an opportunity
to inspire students he will never meet and
to share his methods of motivating them,
something CYC organizers hope will
occur at the conference.
The Chicano Youth Conference hosts
about 1600 valley area high school
students for the one-day event where
students learn about higher education. It
is sponsored by MEChA and funded by
the Associated Students Inc.
The students will attend workshops
providing information on education and
career planning as well as a college fair
featuring representatives of various higher
education institutions from throughout
the state.
A presentation following registration
will be held to award $50 to the winner of
a brochure cover art contest. The art
contest is open to CSUF students with
the deadline Nov. 28.
The CYC
committee seeks art entries depicting the
1989 CYC theme, "La Educacion Es El
,Principio Del Futuro."
A Chicano Poetry ..eading accompanied
by music will follow the presentation.
An art display featuring local Chicano
artists such as Roger Valderde will be
featured. Los Danzantes de Aztlan,
CSUFs Mexican folkloric dance group
under the direction of CLS professor
Ernesto Martinez, will perform during the
lunch hour.
"We scheduled more cultural events for
the conference this year," said Serrano.
"We decided that the high school students
need to be more aware of their heritage."
The conference will also feature a teatro
skit entitled "Bus Stop" under the
direction of Richard Santana. A DJ will
provide music for the two-hour dance
which will close the conference.
A commemorative souvenir book,
containing information about the
conference, its workshops and schedule,
will be produced by the Chicano
Journalism Student Association for the
event. CSUF President Harold Haak and
Dean of Student Affairs William
Corcoran
will
be
among
the
administrators who will have a message
to the students in the book.
It will highlight the 20th anniversary
of several key Chicano progams on
campus: MEChA, the Chicano/Latino
Studies Program ; and La Voz De
Aztlan . Key information about the
university and higher education will be
included so students may also use the
book as a
reference source after the
conference.
The brochure will be funded from pagespace sponsorships by
schools,
departments, and programs on campus.
The CJSA students will design the ads for
t.'1~ broc!°!il!'e or camera-ready :ds m~v be
submitted.
•
The following participants have
confirmed their support of the CYC
through the book: the Schools of Social
Sciences,
Business Administration,
Health and Social Work, and Human
Development and Education;
the
IRMA SERRANO
CYC Ch ,
arr~erson
Departments of Journalism, Psychology,
Theatre Arts, Telecommunications, Civil
Engineering, Social Work, and the
Chicano/L_atino Studies 1:~gram; and ,
the_ Ed~cauonal Opportu~1ttes Pi:ogr~,
U~1vers1ty Ou_treach S('.rvt:es, Umvers1ty
Migrant Services, Housmg, and the
Learning Resource Cer.ter. Several others
have ve;bally reserved space.
AIDS: Hispanic Counselor needed
Continued from page 1
out a newsletter every month, put· on
blown AIDS. I want to make it a point speaker training sessions and even run our
to distinguish ARC (AIDS Related own confidential AIDS testing.".· says
Complex) and full-blown AIDS from one Hall also indicating her hectic and busy
another. There is a definite difference that work schedule throughout the day. "We
needs to be emphasized."
get between 50 ~nd 110 phcae ~!s per
The difference tietween i\RC an the day on the average. Righ now we have
classic disease AIDS lies with the fact about 30 volunteers who work mostly
that ARC represents symptoms indicating evenings but I'm really desperate for
the probability of a weakened immune people who can answer phones in the day
system. Signs may include skin rashes, time."
diarrhea, tiredness or swollen lymph
Hall also directly expressed her
glands. Full-blown AIDS, on the other opinion on the issue of whether or not
hand, represents a destroyed immune people carrying the disease should be
system incapable of regaining or identified in public as having the illness.
recooperating itself to fight off even the
"First of all, there is no reason for
common cold.
These opportunistic
(the public) to know that anyone has
diseases which get into the body is what AIDS and second, all it would cause is
leads to death.
mass hysteria.
Hall, whose duty is to "call people up
Erline Kidder, Client Services Director
and ask them very kindly if they'd like Jo for the Valley AIDS Team and considered
volunteer their time at the center," says a senior staff member at the center, takes
the Central Valley AIDS Team has many a- one-on-one approach to dealing with
services to offer. "We run hot-lines, put AIDS victims and their families. "I deal
MESA
Continued from page 7
rocket contest the best and I want to be in
MESA when I get a little pigger", Salas
said of t.~~ ~-.-~;.:s as ;,e rn~iled off co yet
another activity.
Lisa Rivera, a student from Clovis High
School noted that, during the :MESA
meets, "I got a chance to improve in
algebra, geometry and English and we got
to do different activities in science."
Rivera also noted that "even though we
didn't compete in the rockets, it's pretty
interesting to see everybody compete and
also bringing their brothers, sisters, and
cousins and seeing them involved."
Ochoa admits that although she thought
MESA was just a small group of
minorities when she first joined at
Washington Junior High in Sanger, she
now says it's much more than that.
"There's a lot of support and
encouragement for people like me."
Even though this was Ochoa's first
speech, she didn't think about getting
nervous in front of the audience. "I didn't
let that stop me; I just thought about
getting my point across."
Henry Villanueva, the CSUF Director
of the Minority Engineering Program,
views the speech event as "the ~,:mghest
activity these students have to go
through", referring to the five students
who took on the nerve-racking feat.
Ochoa, who gave her audience an
emotional lecture about the meaning of
Another important event, the speech- MESA, praised her parents' efforts in
giving contest, "gives students confidence pushing her toward a higher education.
in themselves", according to Crystal "It's my parents who give me the
Ochoa from Sanger High School. "I encouragement to go out and be
wanted to let others know how :MESA someone", Ochoa stated in an interview
really helped me by giving the speech." after her talk.
directly with the victims and their
families helping them get Social
Security, setting up appointments to get
in-home care for them and things of that
nature."
Speaking on the fact that there aren't
any Hispanic -counselors on the staff of
the AIDS Team, Kidder stated, "We need
to get (AIDS information) out and from
a Hispanic counselor. We're doing all we
can to get a qualified Hispanic. They are
an asset for (the AIDS Team) because
most of them ~ bilingual and can really
contribute effectively to the eradication of
this dreadful disease."
Many
public
health
officials,
deliberating upon the different methods of
contracting the disease have, reasonably,
brought the mosquito into the picture.
More notably is the female mosquito
which sucks blood from humans and
animals for survival purposes. It would
be natural to assume that because AIDS
is found in blood, it would be possible to
SARAGOZA
Continued from page 6
American, Mexican, or even "Hispanic."
"The important point here then is that
questions of race, class gender, and
immigration/migration are, in my
op1ruon, the ingredients to better
understanding the Chicano experience,"
said Saragoza.
After the lecture, Dr. Saragoza talked to
La Voz about the role of the Chicano
student today in light of 20 years of
struggle in the past by Chicanos to
&chieve cu.TTent gains.
He said that while 1t 1s necessary to
get involved in social issues that are
important to each individual, a balance
between studying and getting involved
could be found .
get AIDS from an insect bite. However,
Hall denounces this reasoning as fallacy.
"A survey was taken in Florida to
determine the different causes of AJDS
among refugees between the ages of 20
and 45 since scientists noted that there
had been a probtem witlr-mosquitos in
that area. And it was proven that you
cannot get AIDS from insect bites." Hall
also stressed that it is not possible for
dogs, cats or any domestic animals to
transmit or carry the disease. "You
simply can't get AIDS from an animal.
It has to do with the types of cells the
virus attacks."
Addressing the issue of minorities on
staff at the AIDS center, Hall stated that
there hasn't been a "well qualified"
Hispanic found to fill the spot and despite
this fact, there isn't room for paid workers
at the moment. There may not be an
Hispanic on staff as a counselor says
Hall, "but Hispanics with AIDS are one
of our target points."
" It is important to pursue what is
meaningful to you," he said.
Saragoza also serves as the Chair of the
Central American Latin Studies at UC
Berkeley. He has served on the faculty
there for the last six years.
He based his talk on his essay "Recent
Chicano Historical Scholarships and
Appraisals," which was published in the
Journal of Ethnic Affairs.
He has also authored
Fresno's
Hispanic Heritage and The Monterrey
Elite and the Mexican State.
Saragoza graduated from CSUF in
1969. He received his masters degree from
Harvard in 1971 and his Ph.D. at UC San
Diego in 1979. He served as the La Raza
Studies Coordinator at CSUF from 197173 and 1975--77.
CYC ART CONTEST
DEADLINE NOVEMBER 28TH
For more information call 435-2102
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FREsNO
MONDAY, NOVEMBER
21, 1988
Escalante to
keynote CYC
Portrayed in film 'Stand and Deliver'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
East Los Angeles math teacher Jaime
Escalante, whose work with minority
high school students inspired the motion
picture "Stand and Deliver" earlier this
year, will be the keynote speaker for the
16th annual Chicano Youth Conference
on January 14.
Escalante, a Garfield High School math
teacher, was portrayed in the movie by
award-winning actor Edward James
Olmos. Both figures enjoy high profiles
in the Chicano/Latino community.
Escalante's presence is expected to draw
increased interest to the conference due to
the movie's acclaim in the Hispani
community.
Irma
Serrano,
Chicano
Youth
Conference Committee chair, said that
Escalante will be "one of the greatest
motivators at the conference."
"You don't see many· teachers
him," said Serrano, "He will be the best
person to help students see the light
about the importance of education."
"Stand and Deliver" is the story of
Escalante's work at Garfield, where he
motivates students at the 99.9 percent
Hispanic school to excel in the most
difficult of math sciences, calculus,
according to a recent article from Hispanic
Link News Service.
Escalante taught a group of minority
students to pass difficult placement tests
but when they accomplished that feat,
test officials suspected the students
cheated. The students retook the tests and
passed the second time, thanks to the
skills and confidence he instilled in them.
The movie, directed by
El Teatro
Campesino founder and director Luis
Valdez, is a story about how , with gooa
'Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so
that they can improve this
land.'
- Jaime Escalante
direction , minority students can be
motivated to excel.
Escalante also inspired his colleagues
who now prepare nearly 500 students to
take other advanced placement tests,
Hispanic Link reported.
"It is neccessary to teach with the
patience of a turtle, the tenacity of 2.
spider, the power of a general and the
mind of a calculator," he told the news
service. "Children have to feel that one
day they will be somebody so that they
'w~e-·· .
Please see ESCALANTE, page 6
Latinos and AIDS
Central Valley AIDS Team seeks bilingual counselor
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
There are 48,000 of them in the
United States. Most of them don't know
they have it They seem to be evolving
by the thousands every year. 16,000 of
them are in California alone. 69 of them
have died in Fres11:9 already. Are we
playing Trivial Pursuit? De~nitely not
The information may be convincing but,
the controversy of Hispanics with AIDS
is no trivia.
AIDS, according to a spokesperson in San Francisco who chose not to be
identified, seems to be the "friend"
Mother warned them about bringing
home. "The only difference is that once
it's brought home, it will never leave."
This sad fact may indeed be true but as
Surgeon General C. Everett Koop puts it,
"We are fighting a disease, not people.
We must prevent the spread of AIDS,
while at the same time, preserve our
humanity and intim~::y."
Percentage of AIDS cases
by year of diagnosis and raceUnited States
~
Hispanic
1111 Black
S _Anglo
80
1-
zw
60
ct:
40
u
w
0..
0
1981
1982
According to the latest findings from
the American Journal of Health, every 14
minutes a new case of AIDS is reported.
Going at that pace, we'll have over
526,000 cases being reported every year.
That is the approximate total population
1983
1984
1985
1986
of Fresno County alone. By the year
2000, just 11 short years away, 10
million people will carry the virus. In
that year, the reported number of people
with AIDS will amount to five percent of
the total population of the United States.
That number, right now, is equal to the
total population of Florida or 50
Fresno's.
These figures may be
immense, but keep in mind that this does
not mean the reported cases of actual fullblown AIDS.
Candy Hall, who has been Volunteer
Coordinator for the Central Valley AIDS
Team in Fresno, made it clear that just
because "you've been exposed to the
virus, does not mean you will get the fullblown disease." She says, "We even had
a man from England who got the disease
15 years ago and no symptoms had
shown up until now."
IDill, who had been a volunteer for the
AIDS Team for six months and recently
promoted to a full time position as
Volunteer Coordinator for the AIDS
center says that "with lots of care,
treatment and proper education, the
chances are "slim" that one who has been
exposed to the disease will experience full-
Please see AIDS, page 8
Page 2
Monday, November 21, 1988
La-Voz de Aztlan
Carrasco's Corner
revenue e~cements
Free Speech and
Social Responsibility
'Rev-a-,nU en-'hance-ment~
. 1. v,: hijher 'hlxes, cuu
·n &oc.ia.L sec.uri:tY, ·,ncrease
n defense a.nd Star 'tlor;
ie. fuur ~e. year"' of'
Re49anom ,cs/
\
. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......;•. , __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _111111!.
By Ivan T. Vincent
Guest Columnist
The First Amendment includes Freedom
of Speech and Freeddom of the Press.
One is contigent on the other an both rely
on prudence and responsibility. To
~comply to these laws, journalists, editors
and news people, as well as the average
man, woman and child must keep a check
and balance of their actions. Because of
this self-imposed restraint, the First
Amendment is not an absolute power
to allow a person to say whatever
whenever the feeling moves him or her,
and in the process licentiously and
vexatiously attack a group or minority.
highest degree of protection from official
interference. If that were the only sort
of expression entitled
to
First
Amendment protection, there would be no
need to talk about varying degrees, at
least when the subject-matter aspect of
the expression is concerned.
But political speech is not, of course,
the only subject matter to which Frist
Amendment protection has been extended.
The degree of protection, however, is not
uniform. The nature of, or the requried
governmental justification for, restriction
of speech on several subjects differs from
the nonn.
Several opinions suggest, for example,
that speech appealing to the interest in
To convey some appreciation of the sex but not qualifying as obscenity may
difficulties confronted in applying the be restricted in ways that other speech
First Amendment to any aspect of human may not
endeavor, to focus on in particular, is the
enormous diversity of expressive conduct
A second way of categorizing speech,
with respect to which it must be decided
other
than by its subject matter, is by its
whether First Amendment protection
truth
or falsity. False speech receives
exists, and if it does so, the extent of the
reduced
protection. It was argued in the
protection.
case Gertz v. Welch "...there is no
The law displays an enonnous evolution constitutional value in false statements of
in the last fifty years. Looking to the fact Neither the intentional lie no1· the
Supreme Court precedent after the era of careless error materially advances society's
World War I, the contrast is even more interest in 'uninhibitied, robust, and wideopen'...public issues."
Guest
Columnist
startling. Involving state rather than
federal action either addresses free-speech
objections under the state constitution's
equivalent of the First Amendment, or
addresses on the merits, rather than
dismissing as nonexistent, free-speech
guarantees under the federal constitution,
or procedes with no apparent awareness of
any conceivable free-speech problems.
The First Amendment categorically
prohibits nothing except prior restraints
on speech--that is, the suppression of
speech beforehand--and allows any sort of
speech to be punished after the fact, so
long as it has some "tendency" to be
harmful to the society. Only a few,
isolated opinions before World War I
indicate that the First Amendment could
be more than a paper guarantees. The
principal moral is that the First
Amendment is particularly fragile
protection, constantly subject to assault,
in and thus, constantly in need of zealous
defense.
The words of the First Amendment are
that "Congress shall ·make no
law ...abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press.... " What elements are
included within the terms "speech" and
"press?"
Does "abridgment" of the
"freedom" mean the same thing with
regard to all of those elements?
It is generclly agreed, for example, that
what might be called "political speech"-the expression of views en matters that
are, or could be, the subject cf
governmental action--is entitled to the
Drawing
the
line
between
constitutionally valuable "opinions" and
constitutionally
worthless
"false
statements of fact" has been one of the
major focuses of libel law ever since.
It has sometimes been suggested, but
thus far has never been accepted, that the
institutional press (the "media") has
particularly expansive First Amendment
rights. But if a speech can be categorized
on the basis of the identity of the speaker,
it can also be categorized on the basis of
the nature of the audience. It is well
established that a speech aimed at or
readily available to juveniles may be
regulated in circumstances where similar
speech aimed at or available to adults
could not
Last, but not least, speech may be
catego1ized !;:,• :~ mode of expressivn.
The Supreme Court has said "each
method of communicating ideas is 'a law
unto itself and that law must reflect the
'differing natures, values, abuses and
angers' of each method."
But differences among the various
modes of verbal communication are
nothing beside the differences between
verbal communications and some other
forms of expression. The Supreme Court
has said that "we cannot accept ~e view
that an apparently limitless variety of
conduct can be labeled 'speech' whenever
the person engaging in the conduct
intends to express an idea."
It seems clear from the cases that
verbal communications forms the core of
First Amendment protection and that
whatever the contours of those categories
may be are entitled to somewhat lesser
protection. But it suffices to convey
Please see, IVAN, page 3
La Voz de Aztlan Monday,, Novennber 21, 1988
Page 3
GUEST
COLUMNIST
SALON C
Continued from page 2
some appreciation of the difficulty and
complexity of a First Amendment
d~tcrmi.,ation. .-,urel:-,· !..~e ;;:esenct! or
absence of the various elements to which
those categories pertain is highly relevant
to whether, and to what extent, speech
can be abridged.
The variations are numerous, and if that
does not make the answer difficult enough
to predict, the degree of "heightened" or
"reduced" protection that the various
categories entail is entirely unspecified
and inherently unspccifiable.
A great concern with respect to First
Amendment law, as with respect to other
fields, is that elegant refinement may
have produced a system in which perfect
justice in the individual case is
theoretically more likely, but equivalent
justice in the whole body of cases
impossible. Even if the courts are free to
!~-in!:erpret the firs~ Amendment ad
libitum, unifonnity does not seem
worth the cost of unifonn foolishness.
- Investment
CSUF students who were NHSF Ambassadors were, left to right,
Albert Martinez, David Medez, Rosa Hildalgo, Silvia Virgo, Martina
Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris Bencomo, Juan Gonzalez, and Alfonso
Garcia. The unidentified student at right attends USFC.
First Amendment cases are not about
the First Amendment, but about some
concrete and fact-bound wrong that was
inflicted upon a group or minority.
700 make NHSF banquet a success
J}y.1., Johfln»~ ,Munoz ... ., "··, .,.
Staff Writer
,1111. :o1.
Much like the motion picture that
depic1.e<l Chicano success, the National
Hispanic Scholarship Fund "stood and
delivered" in Fresno last month.
The gala affair also included nine
CSUF Chicano students who served as
"student ambassadors."
"What we're going to do tonight is
stand and deliver, " said Al Alarcon,
chairman of the board for Fresno Friends
of the National Hispanic Scholarship
Fund ..
"We work in the community to fight
the drop-out problem, then we have to
come up with funds to keep the students
in school and help them finish their
education."
· .,,
·
Approximately 700 people turned out
for the black-tie, $100 a-plate dinner,
making this year's banquet one of the
largest for the NHSF, which holds such
affairs throughout the nation.
Guest appearances included actor
Lorenzo Lamas, star of "Falcon Crest,"
and celebrities Anthony Cordova, Marc
Allen Trujillo and Richard Yniguez from
Nosot:as, the orgarJzation of Hispanic
artists in the entcr:ainment industry.
Trujillo and Yniguez performed the
evening's entertainment, along with the
world-renown mariachi band "Los
Camperos."
The
NHSF
organization
provides
scholarships for Hispanic college students
which includes those of Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Carribbean, Central and
South American descent.
The
organization now in its second decade of
operation , is supported by more than 250
corporations, private foundations, and
businesses:
Recipients are chosen on academic
achievement,
personal
strengths, .
leadership and financial need.
Since its inception in 1975, the
NHSF is recognized as the leading
Hispanic scholarship organization in the
nation having awarded $4.8 million to
more than 7,om students nationwide.
according to NHSF literavm~ uistribui.Cd
at the banquet.
Last year, ten CSUF students received
scholarships ranging from $400 to
$1000. This year organizers hope to raise
$100,000 for Fresno County students
who demonstrate need.
Alarcon said, "I've always been
enthused for years with the NHSF and
I've always wanted to do something like
this in Fresno."
Traditionally fund raising events for the
NHSF have been held in larger cities such
as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago,
Houston and New York.
The CSUF students who served as
ambassadors were Albert Martinez, David
Medez, Rosa Hidalgo, Silvia Virgo,
Martina Granado, Jane Olvera, Cris
Bencomo, · Juan Gonz~:~. .AJfonso
Garcia.
Future lawyers benefit from CIL's Law Day '88
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
The ten&. annual Law Day '88
sponsored by the Chicanos in Law
Association
and
the
Associated
Students,lnc. was a success, according to
the CIL chairman.
"The conference was a success because
the workshops attracted large crowds and
law school recruiters were pleased with
the number of students who signed their
recruiting lists." said CIL chairman Joe
Peraza.
"There were a lot of students who were
also pleased because they got a hold of
applications from some of California's
top law schools." he added.
Chicanos In Law, in cooperation with
the Associated Students, sponsored their
tenth annual Law Day '88 on November 3
in the Cafeteria Room 200.
The day-long event is held to Whittier, and New College of Law.
familiarize students with the many
"I am learning a whole new language
procedures involved in entering law of legal tenninology this semester," said
school. It included several workshops panelist Jaime Rodriquez, a CSUF
one in particular was the Law School
Admission Test (LSA1) workshop. Ida
Jones, a business law professor here at "... a completely different
CSUF, gave an outline of the exam and
challenge... "
also gave key strategies on how to
prepare for it
- Jaime P. Rodriguez
Law Day represents is the only pre-law
conference in Central California.
The Student Panel orientation graduate and first year student at
workshop consisted of six Chicano Willamette College of Law, "But its great
first, second, and third year law school because I find it to be a completely
students who spoke about their difi'erent ch?Jlenge than my undergraduate
readjustment experiences during their first work I did while I was here at CSUF."
year and how the workload doubled
A workshop on an affirmative action
compared to their
undergraduate program, designed to increase the number
education.
of minorities in the legal profession,the
Among the law schools represented by Council on Legal Education Opportunity
the panelists were U.C. Berkeley, USC, ,c:::..E0)_was held.
Willamette College of Law, Hastings,
Workshop speaker Rosendo Pena, also
an attorney for the Fifth District Court of
Appeals and said, "The program is
designed to assist minority students
during their legal education and also to
help
eliminate
the
gross
underrepresentation of minorities in the
legal field.
Currently, Chicanos are being
represented at less than 1.5 % and Blacks
at 3% in the legal field nationwide,
according to Pena.
Fresno attorney Joel Murrillo, agreed
that there is an imperative need for
Chicano attorneys who speak Spanish and
understand that minority representation
in the legal field is needed.
A workshop on the admissions and
financial aid processes was also held. the
hour-long workshop speaker Kenneth
Please see CIL, page 7
"A Dancing Soul" Manuel R. Vasaure, Tulare Artist
Dr. Orozco explains
The Day of the Dead
For the past four years El Centro de
Bellas Artes has put together a
comemoration of "El Dia de los Muertos"
(Day of the Dead) with The Metropolitan
Museum. In it's fourth year the exibition
has been a great success.
"It is very interesting to learn about
other cultures, I have enjoyed the
paintings and sculptures very much." said
Steve Chamow while observing the
"Drop Dead Legs" sculpture.
For thousands of years there have been
many myths and legends about death.
Such myths usually convey a sense of
nervousness and despair towards death. At
times, hypocritically, the impossible is
attempted in order to avoid what must
happen naturally.
The Day of The Dead has its roots in
ancient Aztec society wherein death was
largely accepted with resignation by its
people who, through this experience,
formulated ways to remem~r their loved
one:s. Instead of mourning they decideu to
celebrate by remembering all of their
deceased.
"The native had a set of twenty days.
He counted the years from twenty to
twenty, he already had one of those
twenty days designated to the death. They
called this day Miquixtli." said Dr.
Cecilio Orozco, the Department Chair of
the of Bilingual Education.
Orozco ,one of the first organizers of El
Centro de Bellas Artes, said, "The
Mexican got into a culture in which death
had no paper, he felt like the roots of his
culture were lost This was why El
Centro de Bellas Artes was done in order
to provide the public information (about
El Dia de los Muertos.)"
Today in Mexico this event is widely
celebrated in different ways, often in
peoples' homes as well as in the streets.
Altars are prepared in the homes several
weeks in advance. Drinks, candies, and
exquisite meals are gathered for the
deceased and then left out on the altar
overnight. It is believed that when the
darkness comes the dead search for food
after their long travel from the other
world.
Besides placing altars at home, people
also gather in graveyards to visit their
dead friends and family members. Here
they tell stories about their loved ones
and share memories of the past
In the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos,
contests are held in the palace of Arms
"Dead Head" Linda Vane·o, Los Angeles
p
t
"Dia de los Deadweights" Ricardo Favela Royal, Chicano Airforce
"The Mexican got into a culture in
which death had no paper.... "
-Dr. Cecilio Orozco
"This Jale is Dead"
"Drop Dead Legs" Ezequiel Orona, Madera Artist
Photographs and Story
By Hector Amezcua
Photo Editor
where representations of the dead fill the
corridor~ alo1.g with adornments and
altars. These altars contain a variety of
items, such as the machete and other
tools that were used by the deceased, their
favorite foods, as well as a bottle of
tequila for those who drank in abundance.
For the women such things as
embroideries, clothing, and soft drinks are
left In some cases dressed up mannequins
are placed besides pictures and coffins.
In Janitzio, Michoacan customs differ.
Here the deceased young, especially
infants, are remembered in events which
take place on the first day of November.
"Families gather every year and spend
all night in the graveyards, not even the
freezing weather stops them from
celebrating." Orozco said.
"The poor people has always seen death
like their intimate friend, since it's the
only thing that only leaves the skeleton.
The President dies and turns into a
skeleton, the Street Sweeper turns into a
skeleton, and the Doctor turns into a
skeleton," Dr. Orozco concluded.
Even though economic hardship is
widespread in Mexico traditional events
are still practiced with enthusiasm. In the
day to day struggle to survive thre is still
time to remember that there is a positive
side to death so the dead are especially
remembered every year.
Page 6
Monday, Novennber 21, 1988 La Voz de Aztlan
Saragoza articulates
'Chicano Experience'
By Sylvia Castro
Staff Writer
The Chicano culture is so diverse it
cannot be defined as one single and only
"Chicano experience," according to Dr.
Alex Saragoza, fonner CSUF professor
who is now chainnan of the UC
Berkeley Department of Ethnic Studies.
"Not all people who come from
Mexico are the same. They come from
different regions, so they have different
customs and beliefs," Saragoza told a
group of about 100 CSUF Chicano
students in a speech on campus last
month.
Saragoza, a Madera native,
was
s~aking in a series of guest lectures
Chicanos /ace
racism in varying
degrees
commemorating the 20th anniversary of
the CSUF Chicano/Latino Studies
Program.
He once served as the
program's coordinator when it was named
La Raza Studies.
In addition to measuring the impact of
racism on the Chicano experience, he said
three more factors help provide a better
understanding of that experience: class
status,
gender,
and
.a
immigration/migration.
He gave examples based on his studies
and experiences.
Chicanos face racism and prejudice in
varying degrees, Saragoza asserted, and
class status . mediates the intensity of
respective
encounters
with
these
problems.
He cited that when he goes to the
market and is dressed "very raggedy," the
cashier assumes that he is from Mexico,
cannot speak English, and so asks a
Latino employee to help her by
interpreting.
But when Saragoza informs her that he
can speak English, she acts somewhat
perturbed in proceeding to finish his
transaction. In contrast, he explained that
when he goes to an establishment such as
Macy's dressed in nice clothes, the sales
people cater to his every need.
"Since we are perceived a certain way,
we are treated according to the perception
of that person," said Saragoza.
And, since everyone is perceived a
different way, we all have different kinds
of experiences, he added.
Saragoza said gender also plays a role
in what kinds of experiences we face,
especially because double standards still
exist within the Chicano community
between men and women.
"How many times have you seen your
brother or uncle, or your male cousin
leave the house and somebody says,
Angel de Jesus/ La Voz de Azllan
Where are you going in those tight
Dr. Alex Saragoza, UC Berkeley
pants?' or somebody tells your brother,
With that makeup you look like a
clown! he said.
"But when a woman leaves the house
"The mi&ration of Mexicanos from one and beliefs.
this way, things are different. A girl of region to another [Texas to California]
He maintained that the Chicano
the age of 23 is still questioned when has been underestimated." he said. experience cannot be reduced to the people
going out, \mt a boy of 16 will not be "Tex;~os :Jlf~ ,• ';'ery ... different from who have been here three, two or one
questioned. Ii~
' - .•~•··· .J t~. • ••
Califomios.
~
generation because everyone who arrives ·
Saragoza further emphasized that
Saragoza said Mexicanos from Texas
here
will, at one time or another,
immigration/migration and the proximity more than likely come from a different
eventually be defined as Mexicanof the border contributes to the diversity area of Mexico than those who migrate to
of Chic~os.
California. Each have different customs
Please see SARAGOZA, I¾ige 8
111
11
A Historieal Perspective:
The Promise of the Revolution (November 18, 1910)
By Matty Duran
Staff Writer
Dark skin burning still darker with the
tropical sun, he wore a huge sombrero,
and a vest of bullets across his muscular
chest. Dressed in black, he was a
ranchero, not a peasant. He was the
Mestizo, Emiliano Zapata, the man, who,
for most Mexicans, embodies the
Mexican Revolution ~cause of his
defense of "los pobres." These were the
dispossessed Indians who were stripped of
their land under the "Porfiriato, the
dictatorship of Caudillo General Profirio
Diaz (1876-1911.)
For most Mexicans the revolution
meant "Land and Liberty . Life under the
Porfiriato was a struggle for the majority
of the population, who were Indians and
Mestizos.
It was they who died from starvation
while living as slaves. This was the
revolution for the Mexicanos, the
opportunity to be treated like men. To be
free from the hacendado's whip, and to
own the land they had toiled over.
It was the promise to feed their
families, the promise of a better life for
their children, and the promise of life
itself.
For that promise alone, over 2 million
Mexicanos, men, women, and children,
11
11
gave up their lives and followed Zapata,
so that their dependence on others would
end. That was the "real" revolution, at
least for the Mexican people.
Despite Zapata's efforts in Morelos,
the revolution could never keep its
promises. For as Zapata fought in the
South to restore the lost ejidos to the
dispossessed, others also fought. This
was the struggle that did not die with the
end of the Profiriato. This is the struggle
that cuntinues to this day.
The revolution was a dichotomous
struggle due to the fact that the man who
many Mexicans put their faith in to rule
the nation was an hacendado named
Francisco I. Madero. Although he felt
sorry for the dispossessed peasants that he
saw on his own hacienda, it was not
enough to jeopardize the stability he felt
the nation so deperately needed. Yet such
a condition could only be gained through
fair elections and representation of the
masses in the congress.
The five-foot hacendado was the man
who would assume the presidency in
1911. Unlike Zapata, who resembled the
people he had fought for, Madero had
creamy skin and his wealth seemed to
reinforce the fact that he was from
"another world" of class privilege.
To a man who never truly understood
the plight of the Mexicano, democracy
was only a hollow word in the face of
extreme hunger, while political refonn
was only an abstract concept to a people
who were illiterate. For the parents who's
children's
bellies
were
bloated,
"enfranchisement" sounded like an exotic,
foreign word outside of their vocabulary.
Madero, who was a spiritualist, had not
meara to be unkind, for the peasants on
his hacienda truly loved him. But by
being wealthly he misunderstood the great
needs of the people, especially their
burning need for land with which to feed
their families. Such was the false promise
of the revolution, the kind of life it meant
for the impoverished masses.
As Zapata fought and Madero planned,
there were other revolutionaries who
struggled.
Doroteo Arango, known to the world
as Pancho Villa, fought with the fervor of
a thousand revolutionaries. The 5'10,"
husky general had been a bandit by
nature.
He loved both Zapata and
Madero, yet this was the psychological,
as well as political tear in the whole
movement
Zapat.:t was a social reformer, who
wanted a social revolution for his people,
while Madero was a political refonner
who fought for a political revolution. It
was a schizophrenic revolution, which
promised everything, but delivered
virtually nothing that represented tangible
progress for the masses.
The revolutionary promises were
murdered in the end because Zapata
hifrisc.;:.- wieldec no politicai power, while
Madero had been a wealthy hacendado
who ultimately became the president of
the republic in 1911.
Men like Pancho Villa were tom in the
struggle. Although Villa wanted land
reform, he did not understand Madero's
political promises. Yet his love for the
people and his respect for Madero and
Zapata set him in the middle of the
struggle. His lifestyle put a gun in his
hand and the temperament of the
revolution was similar to his own.
For had the people seen the true
implications of the revolution, there
would have been no unrealistic
expections. Initially the revolution meant
only the overturn of Porfirio Diaz.
Although it broke the back of the unjust
hacienda system it had not killed it.
Although the revolution was the
promise
of
democracy,
some
revolutionaries consolidated their power
into the new governmental oody known
as the PRI (Partido Revolucionario
Please see MEX-REV, page 7
La Voz de Aztlan Monday, Monday 21, 1988
Page 7
FUSD Trustee
Arambula finds 'reward' in his 'difficult task'
By Gene R. Urrutia
Staff Writer
Addressing the problems of a large
school district, like the city of
Fresno's, can be a "difficult task,"
however, it can also have its
"rewards" says Juan Arambula.
Arambula is a Board of Trustees
member for the Fresno Unified
School District
Juan was born and raised in
Delano, California, and spent many
of those early years working in the
agricultural fields throughout the
Central Valley. He now holds a
undergraduate degree from Harvard, a
J.D. from Berkeley's Boalt Hall, a
Master Degree from the School of
Administration at Stanford and is
also a practicing attorney here in
Fresno.
In a recent interview with Juan I
asked him several questions
concerning his new position as a
board member, the problems
facing Chicano students in the
Fresno School District and how these
problems were being addressed.
Q. why did you run for a post on
the board of trustees?
A. I ran because I believed I could
do some good .... I went to public
schools and its certainly better than
working in the fields. I also feel it
was the least I could do to put my
services and my education to a good
use.
Q. Wha~ do you believe is the
greatest problem facing Chicano
students in our public schools.
A. I think the problem that kids
face when their growing up is an
Revolution
Continued from Page 6
Institucional) or the Institutional
Revolutionary Party.
The one-arm, stocky, revolutionary
General Alvaro Obregon drew up the
inadequate education. That is the
general problem. If we had a good
education, and good skills, we would
see more Chicanos in good paying
jobs, and in the higher professions.
The fact is, this is not the case.
One aspect of the roblem is the drop
out rate. Quite a few students never
make it to graduation, and the ones
that do make it have not really been
taught the skills or essentials to do
well in school.
Most of us, including myself at
that time, have blundered our way
through public schools and then
realizing. when we get to college,
how much more we really need to
know. These students ·are the lucky
ones because they made it to college.
In general, the over all skills and
quality of education that Chicanos
receive leaves alot to be desired. If
you look at test scores, statistics on
how many go on to college, the drop
out rate and alot of the "objective"
factors, its clear that Chicanos are
not
achieving
as
well
as
they should.
This transpires into alot of
problems
• from
jobs
to
unemployment to being more likely
to use social services and less likely
to be financially independent
Chicanos are a poor people. By
and large, we do not have alot
resources to channel back into the
community. like other groups do.
We don't have as many business' and
are not as well represented in most
sectors of local, state, and national
government. Generally, we don't
have adequate representation in alot
of important places that affect ours
blueprint of the PRI. The structure of this
pany was built upon paying homage to a
defunct revolution. It would face Plutarco
Elias Calles who would set the blood of
the revolution into a mockery and utter
abomination of revolutionary principles.
It was the direction of the reyolution
and the schism that manifested itself in
daily lives.
I believe alot of this is due to not
having been served well in the school
district The lack of representation
can be based on the lack education.
Discrimination is also a factor,
probably more than we care to admit.
But, alot of the time we can do
more to prepare ourselves. Some of
these problems will go away in time
with increased numbers of Chicanos
who are educating themselves.
Q. In California, does bilingual
education face threats of any kind or
is it a well established program?
A. Yes, Bilingual education faces
political threats all the time. Threats
from people who fear foreigners of
fear anything that is different from
the way they perceive something.
The term for this is xenophobic.
In terms of my position, as a
trustee, I am interested in whatever is
the fastest and most effective way to
teach english to kids who don't know
it Everybody agrees with that ,
however, the question that I have is,
what is the best way to teach it?
Frankly, !don't know.
The state last year did away with
it's regulations and mandates for
bilingual education. What we
currently hafve in terms of a
program, at Fresno Unified, is what
we choose have. However, some
rural school districts may not come
up with the same programs.
Fresno Unified has a mult-lingual
master program. The plan uses a
variety of tactics, methods and
materials to make the transition from
their first language to english.
The programs are a necessity. We
the civil wars of 1914-1915 that forever
shattered its promises.
Men like
Venustiano Carranza, an opportunist who
had followed Madero later shattered the
goals of the revolution.
When Carranza assumed the presidency
in 1916, he ignored land reform and had
Emiliano Zapata murdered. What he
JUAN ARAMBULA
have thousands of South East Asian
kids who dna't know english and
have a completely different culture.
Actually, we have more South East
Asian kids who do not speak english
than Chicanos.
In general, I have seen a
willingness on the part of the school
board to genuinlly start looking at
ways to approach these problems we
have discussed. Yes, there problems
with our education system, but we
are meeting these problems head on
and dealing with them.
wanted was power and the revolution had
provided the ~.!itic.31 vacu:::rn that he
needed.
If November 18, 1910, meant
anything at all, it was to end the poverty
and the continued suffering of all
Mexicanos. and to heal a disillusioned
race obsessed with revolution. Such was
its promise.
MESA helps youth fulfill dreams
By James I. Carrasco
Staff Writer
Several hundred feet above the pitt.ed
grassy area just east of the Lab School
Building, a helicopter buzzed loudly to
the awe of about 125 jubilent students
and their families Saturday at CSUF.
Competing in mind twisting events such
as the "egg dropping contest", "radiocontrolled race car slalom" and the
"odyssey of the mind" contests, these
CIL
Continued from Page 3
Lloyd, Dean of Admision at the
University of San Francisco,said that law
schools ~n; iooking for "completed
applications,
good
letters
of
recommendation and a well writt.en
persnnal statement"
high schoolers, with sponsorship from crowd.
the Mathematics, Engineering and
The students, representatives from
Science Achievement Program, had a day almost every high school in Fresno
filled with laughter, defeat, victory and County, are members of a state wide
food.
program entitled MESA, which stresses
The blue and yellow helicopter, which the importance of science and math to
was used to drop raw eggs placed in minority students planning on attending
cushioned containers built by the college. The students were out in the
students, also landed in front of the sunshine over the weekend showing off
competitors and their parents which their skills after weeks of training for the
surged even more excit.ement into the competition.
Justin Kempton, a CSUF Civil
Engineering student who helped
coordinate the radio-controlled race car
CIL secretary Elizabeth Urbano, said
event, says (MESA) has been so
"Club membership is not limited to successful that "we're now incorporating
Chicano students. This semester we have junior high school students into these
about six members who are not of Latin predominantly high school events."
descent."
OnP- !)Opu!ar ~c:ivity this weekend was
Members of the organization are now the model rocket contest which teased and
looking forward to Law Day '89 and the prompted the minds of several students
opportunity to assist students throughout over the last two weeks to come up with
the academic year. For further information different rocket designs. Selma High
on CIL call 294-3021.
School, which placed first in the model
rocket contest, came in with a time of 4
minutes and 50 seconds. "The longer the
duration in flight, the higher the chance
we have to win", said St.even Vivaros of
Selma High, explaining how the rockets
are judged. Vivaros also mentioned,
along with other classmat.es, that their
secret was having two small parachut.es
instead of one large one to bring the
model down. Selma High also did well
in the egg dropping contest. While one
group used blue-colored play-doh to
comfort their eggs from the 200 foot freefall from the chopper, another group used
motor oil mixed with popcorn to cushion
theirs.
Along with the members of MESA.
were grandparents, friends cousins and
siblings who attended the day long event
as well. Matthew Salas, a ten year old
student from Wishon Elementary School
in Fresno, came to the competition with
his cousin, Erica Carrasco from
Roosevelt High School. "I liked the
Please see MESA, page 8
Page 8 Monday, November 21, 1988 La Voz de Azt/an
CYC: Escalante's message comes at right time
Angel de Jesus/La Voz de Aztlan
Contlnued from Page 1
can improve this land."
Proclaiming that "Escalante's message
couldn't come at a better time," Hispanic
Link noted that the high school drop-out
rate is as high as 80 percent among
Latinos in some inner-city schools. Less
than half of U.S. Latinos over 25 have
high school diplomas and only 8.5
percent have college degrees, HLNS
reported.
He said he views his role as a nauonal
symbol for Hispanics as an opportunity
to inspire students he will never meet and
to share his methods of motivating them,
something CYC organizers hope will
occur at the conference.
The Chicano Youth Conference hosts
about 1600 valley area high school
students for the one-day event where
students learn about higher education. It
is sponsored by MEChA and funded by
the Associated Students Inc.
The students will attend workshops
providing information on education and
career planning as well as a college fair
featuring representatives of various higher
education institutions from throughout
the state.
A presentation following registration
will be held to award $50 to the winner of
a brochure cover art contest. The art
contest is open to CSUF students with
the deadline Nov. 28.
The CYC
committee seeks art entries depicting the
1989 CYC theme, "La Educacion Es El
,Principio Del Futuro."
A Chicano Poetry ..eading accompanied
by music will follow the presentation.
An art display featuring local Chicano
artists such as Roger Valderde will be
featured. Los Danzantes de Aztlan,
CSUFs Mexican folkloric dance group
under the direction of CLS professor
Ernesto Martinez, will perform during the
lunch hour.
"We scheduled more cultural events for
the conference this year," said Serrano.
"We decided that the high school students
need to be more aware of their heritage."
The conference will also feature a teatro
skit entitled "Bus Stop" under the
direction of Richard Santana. A DJ will
provide music for the two-hour dance
which will close the conference.
A commemorative souvenir book,
containing information about the
conference, its workshops and schedule,
will be produced by the Chicano
Journalism Student Association for the
event. CSUF President Harold Haak and
Dean of Student Affairs William
Corcoran
will
be
among
the
administrators who will have a message
to the students in the book.
It will highlight the 20th anniversary
of several key Chicano progams on
campus: MEChA, the Chicano/Latino
Studies Program ; and La Voz De
Aztlan . Key information about the
university and higher education will be
included so students may also use the
book as a
reference source after the
conference.
The brochure will be funded from pagespace sponsorships by
schools,
departments, and programs on campus.
The CJSA students will design the ads for
t.'1~ broc!°!il!'e or camera-ready :ds m~v be
submitted.
•
The following participants have
confirmed their support of the CYC
through the book: the Schools of Social
Sciences,
Business Administration,
Health and Social Work, and Human
Development and Education;
the
IRMA SERRANO
CYC Ch ,
arr~erson
Departments of Journalism, Psychology,
Theatre Arts, Telecommunications, Civil
Engineering, Social Work, and the
Chicano/L_atino Studies 1:~gram; and ,
the_ Ed~cauonal Opportu~1ttes Pi:ogr~,
U~1vers1ty Ou_treach S('.rvt:es, Umvers1ty
Migrant Services, Housmg, and the
Learning Resource Cer.ter. Several others
have ve;bally reserved space.
AIDS: Hispanic Counselor needed
Continued from page 1
out a newsletter every month, put· on
blown AIDS. I want to make it a point speaker training sessions and even run our
to distinguish ARC (AIDS Related own confidential AIDS testing.".· says
Complex) and full-blown AIDS from one Hall also indicating her hectic and busy
another. There is a definite difference that work schedule throughout the day. "We
needs to be emphasized."
get between 50 ~nd 110 phcae ~!s per
The difference tietween i\RC an the day on the average. Righ now we have
classic disease AIDS lies with the fact about 30 volunteers who work mostly
that ARC represents symptoms indicating evenings but I'm really desperate for
the probability of a weakened immune people who can answer phones in the day
system. Signs may include skin rashes, time."
diarrhea, tiredness or swollen lymph
Hall also directly expressed her
glands. Full-blown AIDS, on the other opinion on the issue of whether or not
hand, represents a destroyed immune people carrying the disease should be
system incapable of regaining or identified in public as having the illness.
recooperating itself to fight off even the
"First of all, there is no reason for
common cold.
These opportunistic
(the public) to know that anyone has
diseases which get into the body is what AIDS and second, all it would cause is
leads to death.
mass hysteria.
Hall, whose duty is to "call people up
Erline Kidder, Client Services Director
and ask them very kindly if they'd like Jo for the Valley AIDS Team and considered
volunteer their time at the center," says a senior staff member at the center, takes
the Central Valley AIDS Team has many a- one-on-one approach to dealing with
services to offer. "We run hot-lines, put AIDS victims and their families. "I deal
MESA
Continued from page 7
rocket contest the best and I want to be in
MESA when I get a little pigger", Salas
said of t.~~ ~-.-~;.:s as ;,e rn~iled off co yet
another activity.
Lisa Rivera, a student from Clovis High
School noted that, during the :MESA
meets, "I got a chance to improve in
algebra, geometry and English and we got
to do different activities in science."
Rivera also noted that "even though we
didn't compete in the rockets, it's pretty
interesting to see everybody compete and
also bringing their brothers, sisters, and
cousins and seeing them involved."
Ochoa admits that although she thought
MESA was just a small group of
minorities when she first joined at
Washington Junior High in Sanger, she
now says it's much more than that.
"There's a lot of support and
encouragement for people like me."
Even though this was Ochoa's first
speech, she didn't think about getting
nervous in front of the audience. "I didn't
let that stop me; I just thought about
getting my point across."
Henry Villanueva, the CSUF Director
of the Minority Engineering Program,
views the speech event as "the ~,:mghest
activity these students have to go
through", referring to the five students
who took on the nerve-racking feat.
Ochoa, who gave her audience an
emotional lecture about the meaning of
Another important event, the speech- MESA, praised her parents' efforts in
giving contest, "gives students confidence pushing her toward a higher education.
in themselves", according to Crystal "It's my parents who give me the
Ochoa from Sanger High School. "I encouragement to go out and be
wanted to let others know how :MESA someone", Ochoa stated in an interview
really helped me by giving the speech." after her talk.
directly with the victims and their
families helping them get Social
Security, setting up appointments to get
in-home care for them and things of that
nature."
Speaking on the fact that there aren't
any Hispanic -counselors on the staff of
the AIDS Team, Kidder stated, "We need
to get (AIDS information) out and from
a Hispanic counselor. We're doing all we
can to get a qualified Hispanic. They are
an asset for (the AIDS Team) because
most of them ~ bilingual and can really
contribute effectively to the eradication of
this dreadful disease."
Many
public
health
officials,
deliberating upon the different methods of
contracting the disease have, reasonably,
brought the mosquito into the picture.
More notably is the female mosquito
which sucks blood from humans and
animals for survival purposes. It would
be natural to assume that because AIDS
is found in blood, it would be possible to
SARAGOZA
Continued from page 6
American, Mexican, or even "Hispanic."
"The important point here then is that
questions of race, class gender, and
immigration/migration are, in my
op1ruon, the ingredients to better
understanding the Chicano experience,"
said Saragoza.
After the lecture, Dr. Saragoza talked to
La Voz about the role of the Chicano
student today in light of 20 years of
struggle in the past by Chicanos to
&chieve cu.TTent gains.
He said that while 1t 1s necessary to
get involved in social issues that are
important to each individual, a balance
between studying and getting involved
could be found .
get AIDS from an insect bite. However,
Hall denounces this reasoning as fallacy.
"A survey was taken in Florida to
determine the different causes of AJDS
among refugees between the ages of 20
and 45 since scientists noted that there
had been a probtem witlr-mosquitos in
that area. And it was proven that you
cannot get AIDS from insect bites." Hall
also stressed that it is not possible for
dogs, cats or any domestic animals to
transmit or carry the disease. "You
simply can't get AIDS from an animal.
It has to do with the types of cells the
virus attacks."
Addressing the issue of minorities on
staff at the AIDS center, Hall stated that
there hasn't been a "well qualified"
Hispanic found to fill the spot and despite
this fact, there isn't room for paid workers
at the moment. There may not be an
Hispanic on staff as a counselor says
Hall, "but Hispanics with AIDS are one
of our target points."
" It is important to pursue what is
meaningful to you," he said.
Saragoza also serves as the Chair of the
Central American Latin Studies at UC
Berkeley. He has served on the faculty
there for the last six years.
He based his talk on his essay "Recent
Chicano Historical Scholarships and
Appraisals," which was published in the
Journal of Ethnic Affairs.
He has also authored
Fresno's
Hispanic Heritage and The Monterrey
Elite and the Mexican State.
Saragoza graduated from CSUF in
1969. He received his masters degree from
Harvard in 1971 and his Ph.D. at UC San
Diego in 1979. He served as the La Raza
Studies Coordinator at CSUF from 197173 and 1975--77.
CYC ART CONTEST
DEADLINE NOVEMBER 28TH
For more information call 435-2102