La Voz de Aztlan, November 26 1985
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, November 26 1985
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
11/26/1985
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00160
extracted text
a _Voz
eAztlan
November 26, 1985
EOP funds· threatened
Assemblyman tries tO kill
min9rity programs
By Eddie Juarez
Staff Writer
Peter Chacon, the assemblyman who
was was called "the friend of minorities,"
wants to i·m plement a bill that will destroy
existing minority targeted programs at
state and community colleges.
Peter Chacon, assemblyman of the 79th
district, along with his aids Mark Sanchez
and Bruce Hamlet, a representative of
CEPEC, have together construed a spur
of the moment piece of legislation that will
abolish the California State University
Educational Program, Core Student Affirmative Action Program, Community College Extended Opportunity Programs, plus
their funds and staff members.
The bill which is an active piece of legislation that has not been ratified, but is ·
being heard now until June 1986 by the
Senate Education Committee, calls for an
introduction of a new program that will
take the place of-existing programs.
The new program will be known as the:
California Educational Achievement Program. This new program will be administered by the Board of Governors of California Community Colleges and the Board
of Trustees of the California State University. If bill 1887 is ratified by the Senate
Education Committee, it will commence
July 1, 1986.
Chacon said that the primaty goal of
the bill will be to increase the number of
low income and ethnic minority students
who will graduate with a baccalaurate
degree·. The Raza Administration and
Counselors in Higher Education
f.RACHE), an opposing group of the bill
said that "the bill will be aimed at students
who are going into the teaching field. But
how about students who are interested in
other areas, such as health, public service,
law and engineering? It is critical that we
continue to encourage our youth to aspire
in a career of their choice in which they are
best suited without undue coercion."
TheDirectoroftheEducationalOpportunity Program, Robert Hernandez, said
that "the new program will not work as
well as the existing programs. In fact, the
new program will put us (minorities) !>ack
into the 50's and 60's, a time when only a
few minorities were attending college."
Hernandez said that Chacon 's new bill
is asking for more stringent admission
requirements. If this is true, then it is inevitable that there will be a decline in minority students whom attend college.
Hernandez did say that "A positive
change is good, and he was all for it." But
to destroy programs that have been in
existence for almost twenty years is no
positive change. EOP and SAA have been
in existence for nearly two decades. The
programs are currently serving 162,000
.students in over one hundred community colleges and 19 universities. Hernandez said, "What Chacon needs to do is
assess the programs and find out what
needs to be done to improve them, then
make the necessary alterations."
After extensive examination of bill 1887,
RACHE has come to the conclusion that
instead of breading down barriers to educational access, this bill will instead establish new barriers for students who are
interested in a certain professional area.
The bill lacks provisions for adequate
faculty involvement which is a dominant
factor in these types of programs.
"Why do so many minority students
need remedial classes anyway?" I asked
Robert Chacon, director.
Hernandez said the main reason that
minority students are not prepared for
college is because "they are channeled into
othP.r areas of education that do not preparethemforcollege."lfthisistruethen
we must assume that high school counse·EOP students diligently at work
lors don't see the importance of minority
students going on to higher education.
Many times the students are chan - .changing. With the help of programs such can't fix the problems of society with our
neled into classes such as, woodshop, as EOP thousands of minority students programs, but we can surely help."
metalsbop, crafts, and auto mechanics. have been able to attend institutions of
These classes surely don't meet the criteria higher learning. EOP helps economically
If you oppose assembly bill -1887, let
for college prep classes. Therefore, when a disadvantaged and low-income students. your concerns be known by writing to the
Abolishing such an experienced program State Capitol, Sacramento, California, or
1minority student attempts to enter col-.'
lege he/she can't because the student is would certainly mean closing the door to to W.N. Reynolds, Chancellor of the
not "academically" prepared. But, for the higher education for many people espe- State Universities of California in Long
past twenty years this concept has been cially minorities. Hernandez said, "'we Beach California.
Bilingual Educatio·n debated
By Martha Camacho
Staff Writer
During a radio broadcast debate between former U.S. Senator S.I.Hiakawa and
Dr.Cecilio, the pros and cons of bilingua!
education was thoroughly discussed.
Although bilingual educatiori programs
have become a major and highly controversial issue amongst Federal, State and
Local officials, as well as in the community at large, it is necessary to sustain such
programs if the eradification of illiteracy
and assimilation amongst minorities is to
take place.
"The primary goal of bilingual education is to assist minorities in the acceleration of learning the English language,"
said Dr. Orozco, professor of the Department of Teacher Education Coordinator
for Bilingual.Education at CSUF.
lii...res°ponse, former U.S. Senator Hiakawa stated that he "was not opposed to
bilingual education so long as its goal is to
facilitate the learning of English." Hiakawa felt that there was really no reason
for it when millions of others had gone
without its assistance. He went on to say·
that "the only way to get ahead in life or tp
take an honorary place is to learn English,
and thafis the primary goal of any public
education."
The host of the radio show asked Dr.
Orozco if there was any proof that students learned more in bilingual programs
than they would if they were just placed in
an English 1 class.
Dr. Orozco said that "there was abso1~tely no proof that students learned less
~nglish in a bilingual program and yet
they acrue a number of things that most
main line Americans don't realize or appreciate."
According to Dr. Orozco, "bilingual
education allows students to become accessible to the community and allows parents to communicate with teachers."
Both speakers seemed to agree that
·because of bilingual educations short
1existence, more time is needed to access.
students in bilingual education are indeed
~ e 1 p - ~ this program in learning
the English language.
Former U.S. Senator Hiakawa said
"there is lack of clarification or lack of.
agreement as to what the pupose of bilin-
gual education really is. He questioned if California Guidelines which thrust the
whether the program would actually facil- · teaching of English in bilingual education
itate the learning of English, or if it was programs. As a result of these guidelines,
being used solely to preserve the culture of no bilingual education program would be
the minority.
Dr. Orozco pointed out that "there are See DEBATE, page 4
MAPA: New Chapter
forms in ·Fresno
By Belen Rodriguez
Staff Writer
Neglecting to c~nfront Chicano issues,
such as the immigration raids in Sanger,
farmworker pesticides, and the brutal killing of Raul Rangel by Fresno police
officers were some of the many concerns
which triggered thirty active Fresno Mexican American Political Association
(MAPA) mtmbers to leave Fresno MAPA
and seek the chartering of Fresno County
MAPA.
"Several people left MAP A not feeling
that they were contributing or asked to
contribute in any way. Those who did
leave had strong leadership experience
and were going to be idled if they were not
involved in an organization," said Frank
Quintana, former corresponding secretary
of Fresno MAP A for 1985 who resigned
from his position, and is currently the
See MAPA, page 4
Page2
Guest Editorial:
Political analysis
•
can population, no attempt by the Sanqinista government of Nicaragua to defend
itself
from US aggression is too trivial to
Contributing. Writers
justify US support for counterrevolution=
The November 13 memorial service and ary terrorist called Contras.
rally for victims of South African aparThe Contras are a mercenary army
theid indicates rising student conscious- founded by and financed by the CIA, and
ness of the moral backruptcy and contra- their ruthless and sadistic tactics are well
dictory nature of US foreign policy.
documented.
Perhaos one of the most outstanding
In their attempts to destabilize the
characteristics of the event was its multi- Nicaraguan government, the Contras rouracial and multi-faith l and make up. ·
tinely target health workers, educators,
This exempllties the very broad and other non-military targets including
based outrage of many different sectors of women and children. In one case, accordour society leveled against the cruelty of · ing to congressional testimony, a group of
aparheid and the complicity of our govern- contras gang-raped and decapitated a .14
ment with a system of legalized racism year-old girl and left her head on ·a pole
that cannot be defended by any stretch of outside the village where she lived.
the imagination.
•
These are the people Reagan calls "FreeWe would like to address a few reasons dom Fighters."
why every student should be concerned
As one Reagan Administration official
about South African apartheid, and how admitted, "The Contras have a_tendency
Reagan's do-nothing policy of "construe- to kidnap young girls."
tive engagement" contrasts sharply with
Since 1979 the Nicaraguans have made
its· illegal and immoral attemps to over- unpresidented gains in nutrition, health
throw the government of Nicaragua.
care, education, and quality of life since
Reagan and the CSU F foundation have the Sandinistas overthrew the U.S.-backed
contemptuously resisted the call fot an Somoza dictatorship. Why not construeend to US companies doing business in tive engagement with Nicaragua?
South Africa by campuses across the
A little over a year ago, the Frente Sannation and by the CSUF Associated Stu- dinista oartv won an election in which the
dent and Faculty and Senates. Some have overwhelmi1_1g s~pport of the people was
' cited the pitiful argument that U.S. coi:po- demonS t rated.
rations can pusn tor change if they remain _ No other government in Central Amerthere.
. ica can arm its civilian population as the
US companies are not and have never Nicaraguans have and remain m power.
been in South Africa to reform apartheid The Sandinistas have distributed at least
La Voz de Aztlan
but to profit from it. Recent corporate 200,000 automatic rifles to its campesino
concern for decades of racial discrimina- population to defend the country from
tion and exploitation there is only a con- Reagan's terrorists.
La Voz de A1.tlan is a special publication of The DailJ Editor: Belen Rodriguez
Collegian and as such is a member of the California Staff Writers: Lourdes Espinosa
cern for the future of corporate investIf Nicaragua is such a "totalitarian
Intercollegiate Press Association.
ments as revolution spreads.
regime" as Reagan claims, why are an
Martha Camacho
The opinions published on this page are not necessarily
As the Botha govermnt:nt continues to overwhelming number of Nicaraguans arPaloma Semilla
those of La Vo, de A7tlan or its staff. Editorials are
Eddie Juarez
deny the majority hlack population their ming themselves to defend it?
unsigned and are the opinion of the Jlilper's editor.
Elaine Montejano
most' basic political and human rights,
What would happen if South Africa
forces millions of blacks onto mega-slums were to arm its black population? How
Sara Laris
Margaret Sandoval
called bantustans, imposes press censor- long would the U.S.-backed white minorLa Voz de A7tlan is published by the Associated Stu- Peter Tapia
ship at every level, jails, tortures, and ity government last?
denb at CSUF and the newspar,er staff.
Photographer: Lawrence Tovar
murders popular nationalist leaders such
Nicaragua today struggles for progress
as Stephen Biko and many others, Reagan in the face of the military and economic
continues to extol the dubious virtues of imperialism imposed upon it by our own
his constructive engagement policy (i.e. government.
that such a system can be reformed from
s ·o uth Africa struggles to rid itself of the
the top down through continued US inves- brutal oppression resulting from centuries
tment that mostly benefits those responsi- of European colonialism and legalized
ble for apartheid in the first place), and racism.
continues to market this myopic belief
Let's denounce the contradiction 'in US
within US public opinion.
policy towards these two countries, and
make our voice heard by those in power,
As US policymakers ~ublicly loo_k the including the CSUF Foundation.
other way when_a~athe1d systematlcall_y
U.S. investments out of South Africa!
By Elaine Montejano
more non-Hispanic students should get represses the ma.1onty of-the South AfnU.S. 2 uns out of Central America!
Staff Writer
involved in the program, and become better acquainted with people of different
The Chicano-Latino studies Program ethnic backgrounds. The areas of study
consists of five full-time faculty members. include Chicano history, artistic expresTheir goals in the classroom according to sion, social problems, and political issues
Chicano-Latino Studies Coordinator, Dr. to name a few.
Manuel Pena, include promoting an awarOutside of the classroom the ChicanoSteve Bruhn
eness in the Chicano culture, and providing Latino Studies Program administers the
The Campus Latin American Support Committee will hold a
f~ctual information to the students.
Chicano Research Center. The Center
"We substitute truth for .ideologies,,. engages in research relating to the prob- "Rally for Peace and Justice" at noon in the Free Speech Area on
Pena said.
lems of Chicanos, and provides informa- December 11, 1985.
Many Hispanic students as well as non- tion and services to the community. The
. The rally will be held to focus attention on the U.S. sponsored
Hispanics who are enrolled in Chicano- Center also promotes education, and is
Latino Studies·courses may develop a bet- working toward student exchanges with bombing in El Salvador.
ter understanding of the Chicano ex- universities abroad.
Eleven people, including one CSUF professor and several stuperience and appreciation of the
The faculty encourages all students to
dents
were arrested at Chip Pasahayan's Fresno ·office on Sepculture. Approximately 75% of the stu- participate in the Chicano-Latino Studies
dents in the program are Chicanos. •·we Program, and to learn more about the tember 25, 1985 for questioning the legality of the bol!lbing_
.
want to change," said Pena. He feels that Chicano-Latino population.
On the day following the rally, a trial will begin at the Fresno
By Steve Bruhn
and Albert Robles
i Feliz. d,o..
Substitution of troth
for ideologies
CSU F students and
teacher arrested ·
.Colmena Unive~sitaria Hispana
Les invitamos a participar en el club de espanol.
Vengan el jueves, 5 de diciembre, a las 5:00 en el
cuarto 103 Soc. Science.
- Para conocer a mas hispanoparlantes
- Para Socializar
- Para practicar el idioma
Para mas informacion llamen a Jane Matott - 4368199, o Alma Rodriguez - 292-7358.
t11t
(
Municipal Courthouse at 9:00 a.m. for the 11 who were
arrested. _ A representative from the community Latin
American Suppport Committee will be speaking at the rally to
encourage attendance at the triafand suppoort for those who were
arrested.
Campus LASC will also be sponsoring a concert by Cutumay
Camones, a Salvadoran musical group.
They will be performing on December 5 at 11:30 in the Free
Speech area or in the CU in room 200 in __case of unfavorable
weather.
Cutumay Camones combines traditional Salvadoran folk music
with a strong political message, and is widely recognized as one of
the foremost representatives of the New Song Movement.
Their Fresno stop is part of their first national tour in the U.S.
called "Singing for peace and Justice in El Salvador."
· '
)
:G uatemala's·
election offers
no solution
By Steve Bruhn
Contributing Writer
On November 3, Guatemalans went
through the motions of electing the first
civilian president since the CIA engineered
COt!P that overthrew the popula r refo r- .
mist government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1984.
A runoff will be held between Christian
Democrat Vinicio Cerezo, who got 39% of
the vote and Jorge Carpio Nicolle of the
Union of the National Center, who got
21 %. According to the network in Solidarity with the people of Guatemala (NISGU A), the Guatemalan News a nd Information Bureau (GNIB), and Guatemala.n
constitutional law expert Jorge Mario
Garcia Laguardia, all the parties in the
election were center-right to extreme right.
According to UPI the Christian Democrats are center-left.
The Reagan Administration hopes to
.use the elections to convince Congress and
the American public of Guatemala mov ·
ing toward democracy, but the election
was really designed for US consumption
to justif)' massive
increases
in
military aid to a government that has
earned its reputation as the worst human
rights violator in the hemisphere . Elections in the past have only served to promote various military officials to the office
of president. The all-civilian makeup of
the candidates was due to a congressional
restriction on US aid that mandates a civilian president.
The Carter Administration cut off all
aid to Guatemala in 1977 because of massive human rights violations, but aid continued anyway until 1980.
Although the human rights situation
has become even more gruesome .in the
last few years, the Reagan Administration
was successful in resuming military aid to
Guatemala in the amount of $300,000 for
fiscal year 1985.
According to a Washington Office on
Latin America study, over 50,000 people
have been killed since 1980 as a result of
the army's rural "pacification" campaign
Jn the last five years 440 villages have
been destroyed in the most sophisticated
and violent counter-insurgency campaign
in Central American history
Right-wing death squads, disappearances, and torture have become common
political tools of the government.
On October 1983, the organization of
American States (OAS) issued a report
which notes that the Guatemalan government, "has shown characterisitcs of brutal
ity and barbarism by the massive assassi
nations of peasants and indians with gun~.
machetes or knives; the bombing and
machine gunning o~ villages by land and
air; the burning of homes, churches and
communal houses as well as crops."
Despite the fact that political assassinations and human rights violations increased
significant}y in 1984, Congress approved a
total of $68.8 million in development and
military a~dforfiscal years I 986 and 1987.
U.S. aid to Guatemala has more restricions on it than aid to any other country in
the \.11orld, including the mandated civilian
president.
The recent elections fulfill this requirement, but will do little to change the situation in Guatemala except to strengthen
the already corrupt and ruthless military
and prolong the suffering of the Guatemalan people.
Last August, Assistant Head of State
for Guatemala General Rodolfo Lobos
Zamora said, ..To the extent that a civilian
government will enable us to obtain aid,
we are pleased, but that is not to say the
Army will dissapear."
Regardless of who wins the runoff, the
army will remain in control of the Ministry of Defense, all the counterinsurgency
programs, and the civil patrols in which
90,000 Guatemalan men and boys have
been conscripted and face death if they
refuse to participate.
See ELECTIONS, page 4
High school students from throughout Fresno at the Chicano Youth Conference
eve prepares for conference
workshops, as well as a career fa ir. At this
moment the tentative guest speaker is
Rodolfo Acuna, a professor and author
Chicanos helping Chicanos, that's the at U.C. Berkeley.
whole idea behind the Chica no Youth
The workshops will be on a variety of
conference (C.Y.C.) which is ~ponsored subjects to tailor the students needs. The
partly by Fresno State students.
career fair will expose Chicanos to different
The C.Y.C. is a subc omm ittee of- opportunities available to them which
M. E. Ch.A. who sponsors this annual event they otherwise would not have known
in the hopes of increasing the chicano about.
population in post secondary education.
The C.Y.C. is successfully progressing
Richard Santana, chairman of the C. Y. C. at this moment. Much hard work and
believes that the conference "helps and hours have been put into planning this
motivates students to atttend college and event, but the result is much worth the
also career alternatives."
effort. There are approximately fifteen
This year the C. Y.C. will be held on active members who have participated in
January 17, 1986. The conference will the planning, as well as others whose time
include a prominantChicano guest speaker, and effort does not go unap preciated.
By Lourdes Espinosa
Staff Writer
1
" I believe that the Oiicano minority
could become a majority here at Fresno
State," said Margaret Sandoval, a freshman at Fresno State, and member of
the C.Y.C.
This year the C.Y.C. is hoping to have
its largest attendance. ApproximatelyI 500-2000 students are expected to attend
the conference.
Fresno State's C.Y .C. has been quoted
in the past by college fair representatives
as "the biggest in the state." No other
C.Y.C. in Califo rnia has such a high
attendance as Fresno State's.
"We hope to be successful in our goals.
providing high school students with know-
ledge, as well as a fun experience." saic
Santana.
Drop out: Guidance needed
By Elaine Montejano
course requirements as well as the college
entrance requirements. Many times students will skips and fall even further behind in.
You can find them in low-paying jobs, their classes.
Another reason for leaving school is
on the streets, or just about anywhere; they
are high school drop outs.
because students want to work. Sometimes
There is an overwhelming dropout they want to start earning their own living,
problem in California, and the current or find that they must help support their
laws are ineffective in keeping kids in families' income.
Thirdly, 30% of Hispanic .girls quit
school. Hispanics have a 45% dropout
rate, which is the highest rate of any other school because they get pregnant during
group. Blacks come in second with a 41 % high school and don't make it through
dropout rate, and many of these teens their graduation.
never reach the 10th grade.
Due to their lack of education, many
According to research on the public dropouts will find themselves in unskilled
school system and Assemblywoman Gloria low-paying jobs if they find work at all.
Molina, there are three principal reasons Some will go on welfare, and still others
as to why these students leave school. For will commit crimes. Most of these teens
one, they are not getting a good education. simply disregard the compulsory school
They receive poor grades in sometimes attendance law, which requires persons
overcrowded classrooms, and are often under 18 to be in school. Some employers
enrolled in remedial courses. In addition violate child labor laws by hiring student~
to this, they may fail to meet the district without work permits. Unfortunately, enfoStaff Writer
rcement of these laws is not a top priority
in some probation departments and courts.
\
Therefore, Assemblywoman Molina and
other Assembly members are taking action
to solve the California dropout problem.
They are proposing to strengthen the
public's awareness, and enforce attendance
laws. Upgrading the quality of high schools
and expandi•ng academic guidance services
are _o ther priorities: In addition, they want
to provide guides for the improvement of
the continuation schools, as well as funds
for adult education.
California has a long way to go before
its dropout problem will be solved. It
takes a large amount of time, money, and
careful planning to keep kids in school.
"The dropouts 1 know just don't do well in
school. They say they don't need it. It's
sad ," said Renee Aparicio, a senior at
Clovis High School.
Chicano Latino Student ·Association .
A vehicle for expression
its most publicized meeting on November 13. the acn1evement awards banquet was
A variety of topics were brought up and ill}portant to have on campus.
discussed by all those who attended the
•• Although we will not hold the banquet
The Chicano-Latino Student Associa- meeting.
this semester, a celebration in recognition
tion (CLSA), whose primary goal is to
Tomas Arcienega, the President of CSU, of the organization will be held," said
address student issues on and off campus Bakersfield, who is currently the Chair of Tovar.
has hit the CSUF campus.
the Commission of Hispanics in Educa...The Chicano-Latino Student AssociaThc founders of this new organization tion, as well as a doctorial candidate from tion seems promising and rewarding to
include, Robert Castorena, president, Stanford University, whose name is yet to students here on campus. Their primary
Danny Chacon, vice president, and Law- · be announced, are just a few of the pros- emphasis is on the Chicano-Latino Sturence Tovar, sergeant at arms of CLSA.
pective speakers that may appear.
dent Body, but there is an open door to
According to Castorena, "CLSA will
CLSA is planning to hold an achieve- anyone who wants to contribute to the
provide a forum that will serve as a vehicle ment awards banquet next semester to association," said Richard Patlan, one of
for the expression and promotion of honor Chicano-Latino students who excell the members of CLSA.
Chicano-Latino student interest."
in academics and leadership.
CLSA will hold their meetings every
The Chicano-Latino Association held
Those students who did attend felt that Monday at 2:00 in the College Union.
By Sara Laris
Staff Writer
~:~:d~om page MAPA
1
president of Fresno County MAPA.
Quintana said that after those members
left MAPA they began forming committees which delt with very important issues
in the community and were very active in
them. The committees that were formed
were not a part of any specific organization, instead they were very similar to an
AD-HOC committee.
Quintana along with the ex-members of
Fresno MAPA gathered on several occasions and expressed an interest in forming a
new organization. "Much consideration
as to the name of the organization was
given, but most of the members who did
leave MAPA were long term Mapistas
and felt loyalties toward MAPA, and we
wanted the state umbrella. Our purpose is
to prioritize issues, and be involved with
county and supervisory people, if we did
not have the state umbrella we would only
be an AD-HOC committee that would not
have any juice, so we decided to form
another chapter of MAP A in Fresno,"
said Quintana.
"The Fresno community is large, and as
Fresno County MAPA we will take on
issues 'in both the rural and urban area,''
said Quintana.
"I believe there is plenty of room for
both of us . There are approximately
150,000 Chicanos in the Fresno community. There is no way that one MAPA can
deal with all those people in an effective
way," said Quintana.
The members of Fresno County MAPA
have maintained low key because they are
not an official sanctioned chapter. However, Quintana is very optimistic about
being chartered. He went on to say that
"there should not be a problem as far as
being chartered is concerned if we are
dealing strictly with the bv-laws. According to the by-laws, we are required to send
in money for J5 members as well as our
slate of officers and by-laws to the state in
order to get chartered. We have already
done what is required."
Quintana said, ''We are reaching out to
by-laws. However, changes in terms of the
recruited from the county think that it is
great that we have taken notice of their
area."
According to Quintana, Fresno MAPA's
by-laws were used as a model for their
by-laws. However.changes in terms of the
duties of the vice president were made.
"We will be adding a third vice president
to our by-laws who will deal exclusively
with county affairs. We have also modified the members at large to three positions, the third will be reserved for a college student," said Quintana.
Quintana wrote a letter to the long term
Mapistas as a courtesy to let them know
what was going on because he was not
sure as to what kind of information they
were getting.
"One of the first things that we want to
do once we get chartered is have an issues
forum to really assess what the issues are
jn Fresno County. For example. we may
choose to take on three issues," said Quintana, but we will work to get them resolved.
Although Fresno County MAPA will
deal with long term issues in the community, it will have a committee set up to monitor anything that surfaces. "We will not let
issues that are of political consequence to
our community pass us by," said Quintana.
.. We don't have to be silent anymore,
alot of times when we have had a Chicano
running for something we have always
heldourselvesbackonimportantissuessuch as the bilingual ballot, because we
didn't want the majority upset with our
candidate. There is always alot of tiptoing when the primary focus is electorial
politics," added Quintana.
"We do not want to hurt the other
MAPA (Fresno) in anyway, and nor do
we perceive o'urselves to be in a competition. We hope to work with the other
MA PA at certain times after we are chartered, but until then, Virginia Sanchez,
president of Fresno MAPA intends to·
fight our chartering," said Quintana.
"They do what they do well, and we'll try
to do well in what we do, hopefully the
community can benefit and we will get
twice as much done in the area of issues
and electorial politics."
On November 8, 1985 Fresno County
MAPA held its first fund raiser. The money
that was ra1sea was used to send its
m•·mbers to ~acramento to present their
case (charter) to the state executive board
of MAPA. Fresno Couoty MAPA wanted
to facilitate the opportunity for students
and low income members to go to Sacramento on November t6 and 17.
A private executive board meeting was
held with Virginia Sanchez on November
16 in Sacramento where they discussed
the issue of a new chapter in Fresno. Beatriz Molina, statewide president of MAP A
t
advised Quintana to take the charter to be
approved by the region.
Quintana along with several members
of Fresno County MAP A will be going to
the region. "Chances of being chartered
by the beginning of next month look real
good," said Quintana.
"We believe that our own deeds will be
wh~t sells us and not what we say," said
Quintana.
.
Literature
=
,BY Ronald L. Avila
'Contributing Writer
l
My everyday life surrounding's witness the five senses enhanced :
by my existence as a Chicano. The senses of sight, taste, touch,
smell, and .....
c
:
My Sound
:
The crowing of the rooster awakens the morning sun
The honking of the car horn, the slamming of the screen door.
t The whistle of grinding diesels of the north bound train
The honk of the ever watchful neighborhood goose.
t The second shrill blast of the alarm clock
The melodic voice of Carlos Guzman so cheerful, so early.
dripping of the Brew Starter coffee maker
The sharp click of the distant bathroom door.
t The
.•The flushing of the toilet, the running of hot water
The tapping of the toothbrush, the gargling of water.
t The whining of the blow dryer, the slap cologne
The first word ...
The crackling of cho.rizo, the sizzling of eggs
1
The pounding of the palote, the slurping of hot coffee.
The banging of the refrigerator door
The shuffling of the newspaper, the bolting of the front door.
:
DEBATE
Continued fr&m page 1·
allowed to function .
Orozco said that "There isn't a single
bilingual program in California, New
Mexico, Texas or Colorado without English being it's main objective. Bilingual
education simply enables minorities to
learn English with the help of their native
language."
In addition to this, Orozco said that
bilingual education brings forth the issue
of teachers being able to empathize with
bilingual speaking children,"
Despite the preceeding statement Hiakawa restated that "millions of others had
gone without the assistance of biling..1al
education, yet learned the language.
However, Dr. Orozco said that "the
large percent who were left to fend for
themselves , prior to the introduction of
bilingual education, showed
50-70%
dropout rate.
There are many opjections to bilingual.,
Ed. but with the increases in minority drop
out rates, and the influx of many more
immigrants entering the country, . one can
agree that it is far wiser to support a svstem which will decrease the problem of
illiteracy and the communication gap than
to knock it with misconceptions.
a
NOTES FROM
LAVOZ
Chicano-Latino Students Who
are interested in applying for
the layout position of La Voz,
please call 294-2486 and
speak to the editor.
ELECTIONS
Continued from page 3
According to US Secretary to the Treasury James Baker, "the United States fully
Guatemala's democratization pr: supports
cThe 1 oar of a low-rider passing by, the honking of horns
ocess."
None of the candiates have addressed
The thumping of tires on the pavement.
the
killings and disappearances carried
The reviving of engines at a stop light
out by the army and security forces . Since
The grinding of brakes, the slamming of car doors.
1954., 38,000 have "disappeared."
IJ.e..elections offer no solutions to the
countries
severe economic crisis and wides'The clanking of barbells against each other echo-in the hall
pread poverty.
Th
·
f1
·
h h ff}"
f
e voices o earnmg, t e s u mg o papers never cease.
Eighty percent of the Guatemalan popu. : The loud and blaring "rock" drowning out quiet conversation.
. lation lives in poverty (on less than $300
The opening and closing of binders the rustling of a class ended.· 4 per year), and over 80% of all children
under the age of five suffer from some
'
form of malnutrition.
Four percent of the landholders own
=The clanging of pots and pans, the ringing of the order bell
70%
of the arable land.
The hissing of frijoles boiling over, the rattling of dishes.
In a country where so much land has
The scream because of a burnt hand, the popping of hot manteca become consentrated in the hands of a few
lihe talking and laughing of clientes, the humming of fans.
: and used for export crops while combined
unemployment are 50% and 41% of the
total population are landless, a solution to
l The blaring of the television, the voices across the alley
the countries widespread poverty calls for
land reform.
The drifting of guitar and accordion music in the air.
"fhe big landowners have the military
The crying of a baby, the wailing of a viejita
on their side and the presidential candit The click of the light switch.
dates know it.
As Christian Democrat Vinicio Cerezo
Th I t
d
put it, "I cannot advocate agrarian reform
· e as wor ···
'td~lt=~="====:N.aa===M=::=:::;;14=:===-~===="====:;N;==="==J-i because it would not be tolerated by the
military."
The election offers no possible solutions to the country's economic, political,
and social crisis, because three more impo■
rtant political forces operating in the
country will not be affected just by elecBy Paloma Semllla
for suggestions of the name of the school. tions. These are the military-oligarchy
Staff Writer
Several names were submitted before alliance, the peasant resistance, and the
us.
Hidalgo was chosen.
The state department will be inefective
Miguel Hidalgo Elementary School,
Relocatable classroom building, and an
named after the father of Mexico's lnde- office trailor house sit on the dirt grounds in pushing for reforms that will address
pendance, opened its doors to neiborhood which will someday be made into a base- the social conditions that make a revolution inevitable, because even if it tries to
children on September 16, Mexican fnde- ball field and play yard.
pendence Day. Jt is the first school in the
The school was set up on the corner of do so (which is doubtful with this AdminFresno Unified School District to be First and Tyler in order to accomodate istration), increased economic and milnamed after a prominent Mexican .
neighborhood children who would 0th- itary aid will only strengthen the oligarchv
Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811), was a erwise be bussed outside their area to that will nevet give up its privileged position as long as it has US support, and will
M~x~can priest and revolutionist helping other schools.
gam mdependence against France.
The Principal of Hidalgo Elementary strengthen the bloodthirsty military that
The original plans for the school's name School said that out of 550 students who will never allow a peaceful alternative to a
was Lewis. Avenue Elementary School. were currently enrolled in the school, 589f revolution that may prove to be more horT~e school board members changed their are s. E. Asian, 30% His panic, and l 2o/c rible than the one currently sponsored by
'he US in El Salvador.
minds and asked the community members are Blacks and ' Anglos.
School-named after
M ex IC an hero
eAztlan
November 26, 1985
EOP funds· threatened
Assemblyman tries tO kill
min9rity programs
By Eddie Juarez
Staff Writer
Peter Chacon, the assemblyman who
was was called "the friend of minorities,"
wants to i·m plement a bill that will destroy
existing minority targeted programs at
state and community colleges.
Peter Chacon, assemblyman of the 79th
district, along with his aids Mark Sanchez
and Bruce Hamlet, a representative of
CEPEC, have together construed a spur
of the moment piece of legislation that will
abolish the California State University
Educational Program, Core Student Affirmative Action Program, Community College Extended Opportunity Programs, plus
their funds and staff members.
The bill which is an active piece of legislation that has not been ratified, but is ·
being heard now until June 1986 by the
Senate Education Committee, calls for an
introduction of a new program that will
take the place of-existing programs.
The new program will be known as the:
California Educational Achievement Program. This new program will be administered by the Board of Governors of California Community Colleges and the Board
of Trustees of the California State University. If bill 1887 is ratified by the Senate
Education Committee, it will commence
July 1, 1986.
Chacon said that the primaty goal of
the bill will be to increase the number of
low income and ethnic minority students
who will graduate with a baccalaurate
degree·. The Raza Administration and
Counselors in Higher Education
f.RACHE), an opposing group of the bill
said that "the bill will be aimed at students
who are going into the teaching field. But
how about students who are interested in
other areas, such as health, public service,
law and engineering? It is critical that we
continue to encourage our youth to aspire
in a career of their choice in which they are
best suited without undue coercion."
TheDirectoroftheEducationalOpportunity Program, Robert Hernandez, said
that "the new program will not work as
well as the existing programs. In fact, the
new program will put us (minorities) !>ack
into the 50's and 60's, a time when only a
few minorities were attending college."
Hernandez said that Chacon 's new bill
is asking for more stringent admission
requirements. If this is true, then it is inevitable that there will be a decline in minority students whom attend college.
Hernandez did say that "A positive
change is good, and he was all for it." But
to destroy programs that have been in
existence for almost twenty years is no
positive change. EOP and SAA have been
in existence for nearly two decades. The
programs are currently serving 162,000
.students in over one hundred community colleges and 19 universities. Hernandez said, "What Chacon needs to do is
assess the programs and find out what
needs to be done to improve them, then
make the necessary alterations."
After extensive examination of bill 1887,
RACHE has come to the conclusion that
instead of breading down barriers to educational access, this bill will instead establish new barriers for students who are
interested in a certain professional area.
The bill lacks provisions for adequate
faculty involvement which is a dominant
factor in these types of programs.
"Why do so many minority students
need remedial classes anyway?" I asked
Robert Chacon, director.
Hernandez said the main reason that
minority students are not prepared for
college is because "they are channeled into
othP.r areas of education that do not preparethemforcollege."lfthisistruethen
we must assume that high school counse·EOP students diligently at work
lors don't see the importance of minority
students going on to higher education.
Many times the students are chan - .changing. With the help of programs such can't fix the problems of society with our
neled into classes such as, woodshop, as EOP thousands of minority students programs, but we can surely help."
metalsbop, crafts, and auto mechanics. have been able to attend institutions of
These classes surely don't meet the criteria higher learning. EOP helps economically
If you oppose assembly bill -1887, let
for college prep classes. Therefore, when a disadvantaged and low-income students. your concerns be known by writing to the
Abolishing such an experienced program State Capitol, Sacramento, California, or
1minority student attempts to enter col-.'
lege he/she can't because the student is would certainly mean closing the door to to W.N. Reynolds, Chancellor of the
not "academically" prepared. But, for the higher education for many people espe- State Universities of California in Long
past twenty years this concept has been cially minorities. Hernandez said, "'we Beach California.
Bilingual Educatio·n debated
By Martha Camacho
Staff Writer
During a radio broadcast debate between former U.S. Senator S.I.Hiakawa and
Dr.Cecilio, the pros and cons of bilingua!
education was thoroughly discussed.
Although bilingual educatiori programs
have become a major and highly controversial issue amongst Federal, State and
Local officials, as well as in the community at large, it is necessary to sustain such
programs if the eradification of illiteracy
and assimilation amongst minorities is to
take place.
"The primary goal of bilingual education is to assist minorities in the acceleration of learning the English language,"
said Dr. Orozco, professor of the Department of Teacher Education Coordinator
for Bilingual.Education at CSUF.
lii...res°ponse, former U.S. Senator Hiakawa stated that he "was not opposed to
bilingual education so long as its goal is to
facilitate the learning of English." Hiakawa felt that there was really no reason
for it when millions of others had gone
without its assistance. He went on to say·
that "the only way to get ahead in life or tp
take an honorary place is to learn English,
and thafis the primary goal of any public
education."
The host of the radio show asked Dr.
Orozco if there was any proof that students learned more in bilingual programs
than they would if they were just placed in
an English 1 class.
Dr. Orozco said that "there was abso1~tely no proof that students learned less
~nglish in a bilingual program and yet
they acrue a number of things that most
main line Americans don't realize or appreciate."
According to Dr. Orozco, "bilingual
education allows students to become accessible to the community and allows parents to communicate with teachers."
Both speakers seemed to agree that
·because of bilingual educations short
1existence, more time is needed to access.
students in bilingual education are indeed
~ e 1 p - ~ this program in learning
the English language.
Former U.S. Senator Hiakawa said
"there is lack of clarification or lack of.
agreement as to what the pupose of bilin-
gual education really is. He questioned if California Guidelines which thrust the
whether the program would actually facil- · teaching of English in bilingual education
itate the learning of English, or if it was programs. As a result of these guidelines,
being used solely to preserve the culture of no bilingual education program would be
the minority.
Dr. Orozco pointed out that "there are See DEBATE, page 4
MAPA: New Chapter
forms in ·Fresno
By Belen Rodriguez
Staff Writer
Neglecting to c~nfront Chicano issues,
such as the immigration raids in Sanger,
farmworker pesticides, and the brutal killing of Raul Rangel by Fresno police
officers were some of the many concerns
which triggered thirty active Fresno Mexican American Political Association
(MAPA) mtmbers to leave Fresno MAPA
and seek the chartering of Fresno County
MAPA.
"Several people left MAP A not feeling
that they were contributing or asked to
contribute in any way. Those who did
leave had strong leadership experience
and were going to be idled if they were not
involved in an organization," said Frank
Quintana, former corresponding secretary
of Fresno MAP A for 1985 who resigned
from his position, and is currently the
See MAPA, page 4
Page2
Guest Editorial:
Political analysis
•
can population, no attempt by the Sanqinista government of Nicaragua to defend
itself
from US aggression is too trivial to
Contributing. Writers
justify US support for counterrevolution=
The November 13 memorial service and ary terrorist called Contras.
rally for victims of South African aparThe Contras are a mercenary army
theid indicates rising student conscious- founded by and financed by the CIA, and
ness of the moral backruptcy and contra- their ruthless and sadistic tactics are well
dictory nature of US foreign policy.
documented.
Perhaos one of the most outstanding
In their attempts to destabilize the
characteristics of the event was its multi- Nicaraguan government, the Contras rouracial and multi-faith l and make up. ·
tinely target health workers, educators,
This exempllties the very broad and other non-military targets including
based outrage of many different sectors of women and children. In one case, accordour society leveled against the cruelty of · ing to congressional testimony, a group of
aparheid and the complicity of our govern- contras gang-raped and decapitated a .14
ment with a system of legalized racism year-old girl and left her head on ·a pole
that cannot be defended by any stretch of outside the village where she lived.
the imagination.
•
These are the people Reagan calls "FreeWe would like to address a few reasons dom Fighters."
why every student should be concerned
As one Reagan Administration official
about South African apartheid, and how admitted, "The Contras have a_tendency
Reagan's do-nothing policy of "construe- to kidnap young girls."
tive engagement" contrasts sharply with
Since 1979 the Nicaraguans have made
its· illegal and immoral attemps to over- unpresidented gains in nutrition, health
throw the government of Nicaragua.
care, education, and quality of life since
Reagan and the CSU F foundation have the Sandinistas overthrew the U.S.-backed
contemptuously resisted the call fot an Somoza dictatorship. Why not construeend to US companies doing business in tive engagement with Nicaragua?
South Africa by campuses across the
A little over a year ago, the Frente Sannation and by the CSUF Associated Stu- dinista oartv won an election in which the
dent and Faculty and Senates. Some have overwhelmi1_1g s~pport of the people was
' cited the pitiful argument that U.S. coi:po- demonS t rated.
rations can pusn tor change if they remain _ No other government in Central Amerthere.
. ica can arm its civilian population as the
US companies are not and have never Nicaraguans have and remain m power.
been in South Africa to reform apartheid The Sandinistas have distributed at least
La Voz de Aztlan
but to profit from it. Recent corporate 200,000 automatic rifles to its campesino
concern for decades of racial discrimina- population to defend the country from
tion and exploitation there is only a con- Reagan's terrorists.
La Voz de A1.tlan is a special publication of The DailJ Editor: Belen Rodriguez
Collegian and as such is a member of the California Staff Writers: Lourdes Espinosa
cern for the future of corporate investIf Nicaragua is such a "totalitarian
Intercollegiate Press Association.
ments as revolution spreads.
regime" as Reagan claims, why are an
Martha Camacho
The opinions published on this page are not necessarily
As the Botha govermnt:nt continues to overwhelming number of Nicaraguans arPaloma Semilla
those of La Vo, de A7tlan or its staff. Editorials are
Eddie Juarez
deny the majority hlack population their ming themselves to defend it?
unsigned and are the opinion of the Jlilper's editor.
Elaine Montejano
most' basic political and human rights,
What would happen if South Africa
forces millions of blacks onto mega-slums were to arm its black population? How
Sara Laris
Margaret Sandoval
called bantustans, imposes press censor- long would the U.S.-backed white minorLa Voz de A7tlan is published by the Associated Stu- Peter Tapia
ship at every level, jails, tortures, and ity government last?
denb at CSUF and the newspar,er staff.
Photographer: Lawrence Tovar
murders popular nationalist leaders such
Nicaragua today struggles for progress
as Stephen Biko and many others, Reagan in the face of the military and economic
continues to extol the dubious virtues of imperialism imposed upon it by our own
his constructive engagement policy (i.e. government.
that such a system can be reformed from
s ·o uth Africa struggles to rid itself of the
the top down through continued US inves- brutal oppression resulting from centuries
tment that mostly benefits those responsi- of European colonialism and legalized
ble for apartheid in the first place), and racism.
continues to market this myopic belief
Let's denounce the contradiction 'in US
within US public opinion.
policy towards these two countries, and
make our voice heard by those in power,
As US policymakers ~ublicly loo_k the including the CSUF Foundation.
other way when_a~athe1d systematlcall_y
U.S. investments out of South Africa!
By Elaine Montejano
more non-Hispanic students should get represses the ma.1onty of-the South AfnU.S. 2 uns out of Central America!
Staff Writer
involved in the program, and become better acquainted with people of different
The Chicano-Latino studies Program ethnic backgrounds. The areas of study
consists of five full-time faculty members. include Chicano history, artistic expresTheir goals in the classroom according to sion, social problems, and political issues
Chicano-Latino Studies Coordinator, Dr. to name a few.
Manuel Pena, include promoting an awarOutside of the classroom the ChicanoSteve Bruhn
eness in the Chicano culture, and providing Latino Studies Program administers the
The Campus Latin American Support Committee will hold a
f~ctual information to the students.
Chicano Research Center. The Center
"We substitute truth for .ideologies,,. engages in research relating to the prob- "Rally for Peace and Justice" at noon in the Free Speech Area on
Pena said.
lems of Chicanos, and provides informa- December 11, 1985.
Many Hispanic students as well as non- tion and services to the community. The
. The rally will be held to focus attention on the U.S. sponsored
Hispanics who are enrolled in Chicano- Center also promotes education, and is
Latino Studies·courses may develop a bet- working toward student exchanges with bombing in El Salvador.
ter understanding of the Chicano ex- universities abroad.
Eleven people, including one CSUF professor and several stuperience and appreciation of the
The faculty encourages all students to
dents
were arrested at Chip Pasahayan's Fresno ·office on Sepculture. Approximately 75% of the stu- participate in the Chicano-Latino Studies
dents in the program are Chicanos. •·we Program, and to learn more about the tember 25, 1985 for questioning the legality of the bol!lbing_
.
want to change," said Pena. He feels that Chicano-Latino population.
On the day following the rally, a trial will begin at the Fresno
By Steve Bruhn
and Albert Robles
i Feliz. d,o..
Substitution of troth
for ideologies
CSU F students and
teacher arrested ·
.Colmena Unive~sitaria Hispana
Les invitamos a participar en el club de espanol.
Vengan el jueves, 5 de diciembre, a las 5:00 en el
cuarto 103 Soc. Science.
- Para conocer a mas hispanoparlantes
- Para Socializar
- Para practicar el idioma
Para mas informacion llamen a Jane Matott - 4368199, o Alma Rodriguez - 292-7358.
t11t
(
Municipal Courthouse at 9:00 a.m. for the 11 who were
arrested. _ A representative from the community Latin
American Suppport Committee will be speaking at the rally to
encourage attendance at the triafand suppoort for those who were
arrested.
Campus LASC will also be sponsoring a concert by Cutumay
Camones, a Salvadoran musical group.
They will be performing on December 5 at 11:30 in the Free
Speech area or in the CU in room 200 in __case of unfavorable
weather.
Cutumay Camones combines traditional Salvadoran folk music
with a strong political message, and is widely recognized as one of
the foremost representatives of the New Song Movement.
Their Fresno stop is part of their first national tour in the U.S.
called "Singing for peace and Justice in El Salvador."
· '
)
:G uatemala's·
election offers
no solution
By Steve Bruhn
Contributing Writer
On November 3, Guatemalans went
through the motions of electing the first
civilian president since the CIA engineered
COt!P that overthrew the popula r refo r- .
mist government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1984.
A runoff will be held between Christian
Democrat Vinicio Cerezo, who got 39% of
the vote and Jorge Carpio Nicolle of the
Union of the National Center, who got
21 %. According to the network in Solidarity with the people of Guatemala (NISGU A), the Guatemalan News a nd Information Bureau (GNIB), and Guatemala.n
constitutional law expert Jorge Mario
Garcia Laguardia, all the parties in the
election were center-right to extreme right.
According to UPI the Christian Democrats are center-left.
The Reagan Administration hopes to
.use the elections to convince Congress and
the American public of Guatemala mov ·
ing toward democracy, but the election
was really designed for US consumption
to justif)' massive
increases
in
military aid to a government that has
earned its reputation as the worst human
rights violator in the hemisphere . Elections in the past have only served to promote various military officials to the office
of president. The all-civilian makeup of
the candidates was due to a congressional
restriction on US aid that mandates a civilian president.
The Carter Administration cut off all
aid to Guatemala in 1977 because of massive human rights violations, but aid continued anyway until 1980.
Although the human rights situation
has become even more gruesome .in the
last few years, the Reagan Administration
was successful in resuming military aid to
Guatemala in the amount of $300,000 for
fiscal year 1985.
According to a Washington Office on
Latin America study, over 50,000 people
have been killed since 1980 as a result of
the army's rural "pacification" campaign
Jn the last five years 440 villages have
been destroyed in the most sophisticated
and violent counter-insurgency campaign
in Central American history
Right-wing death squads, disappearances, and torture have become common
political tools of the government.
On October 1983, the organization of
American States (OAS) issued a report
which notes that the Guatemalan government, "has shown characterisitcs of brutal
ity and barbarism by the massive assassi
nations of peasants and indians with gun~.
machetes or knives; the bombing and
machine gunning o~ villages by land and
air; the burning of homes, churches and
communal houses as well as crops."
Despite the fact that political assassinations and human rights violations increased
significant}y in 1984, Congress approved a
total of $68.8 million in development and
military a~dforfiscal years I 986 and 1987.
U.S. aid to Guatemala has more restricions on it than aid to any other country in
the \.11orld, including the mandated civilian
president.
The recent elections fulfill this requirement, but will do little to change the situation in Guatemala except to strengthen
the already corrupt and ruthless military
and prolong the suffering of the Guatemalan people.
Last August, Assistant Head of State
for Guatemala General Rodolfo Lobos
Zamora said, ..To the extent that a civilian
government will enable us to obtain aid,
we are pleased, but that is not to say the
Army will dissapear."
Regardless of who wins the runoff, the
army will remain in control of the Ministry of Defense, all the counterinsurgency
programs, and the civil patrols in which
90,000 Guatemalan men and boys have
been conscripted and face death if they
refuse to participate.
See ELECTIONS, page 4
High school students from throughout Fresno at the Chicano Youth Conference
eve prepares for conference
workshops, as well as a career fa ir. At this
moment the tentative guest speaker is
Rodolfo Acuna, a professor and author
Chicanos helping Chicanos, that's the at U.C. Berkeley.
whole idea behind the Chica no Youth
The workshops will be on a variety of
conference (C.Y.C.) which is ~ponsored subjects to tailor the students needs. The
partly by Fresno State students.
career fair will expose Chicanos to different
The C.Y.C. is a subc omm ittee of- opportunities available to them which
M. E. Ch.A. who sponsors this annual event they otherwise would not have known
in the hopes of increasing the chicano about.
population in post secondary education.
The C.Y.C. is successfully progressing
Richard Santana, chairman of the C. Y. C. at this moment. Much hard work and
believes that the conference "helps and hours have been put into planning this
motivates students to atttend college and event, but the result is much worth the
also career alternatives."
effort. There are approximately fifteen
This year the C. Y.C. will be held on active members who have participated in
January 17, 1986. The conference will the planning, as well as others whose time
include a prominantChicano guest speaker, and effort does not go unap preciated.
By Lourdes Espinosa
Staff Writer
1
" I believe that the Oiicano minority
could become a majority here at Fresno
State," said Margaret Sandoval, a freshman at Fresno State, and member of
the C.Y.C.
This year the C.Y.C. is hoping to have
its largest attendance. ApproximatelyI 500-2000 students are expected to attend
the conference.
Fresno State's C.Y .C. has been quoted
in the past by college fair representatives
as "the biggest in the state." No other
C.Y.C. in Califo rnia has such a high
attendance as Fresno State's.
"We hope to be successful in our goals.
providing high school students with know-
ledge, as well as a fun experience." saic
Santana.
Drop out: Guidance needed
By Elaine Montejano
course requirements as well as the college
entrance requirements. Many times students will skips and fall even further behind in.
You can find them in low-paying jobs, their classes.
Another reason for leaving school is
on the streets, or just about anywhere; they
are high school drop outs.
because students want to work. Sometimes
There is an overwhelming dropout they want to start earning their own living,
problem in California, and the current or find that they must help support their
laws are ineffective in keeping kids in families' income.
Thirdly, 30% of Hispanic .girls quit
school. Hispanics have a 45% dropout
rate, which is the highest rate of any other school because they get pregnant during
group. Blacks come in second with a 41 % high school and don't make it through
dropout rate, and many of these teens their graduation.
never reach the 10th grade.
Due to their lack of education, many
According to research on the public dropouts will find themselves in unskilled
school system and Assemblywoman Gloria low-paying jobs if they find work at all.
Molina, there are three principal reasons Some will go on welfare, and still others
as to why these students leave school. For will commit crimes. Most of these teens
one, they are not getting a good education. simply disregard the compulsory school
They receive poor grades in sometimes attendance law, which requires persons
overcrowded classrooms, and are often under 18 to be in school. Some employers
enrolled in remedial courses. In addition violate child labor laws by hiring student~
to this, they may fail to meet the district without work permits. Unfortunately, enfoStaff Writer
rcement of these laws is not a top priority
in some probation departments and courts.
\
Therefore, Assemblywoman Molina and
other Assembly members are taking action
to solve the California dropout problem.
They are proposing to strengthen the
public's awareness, and enforce attendance
laws. Upgrading the quality of high schools
and expandi•ng academic guidance services
are _o ther priorities: In addition, they want
to provide guides for the improvement of
the continuation schools, as well as funds
for adult education.
California has a long way to go before
its dropout problem will be solved. It
takes a large amount of time, money, and
careful planning to keep kids in school.
"The dropouts 1 know just don't do well in
school. They say they don't need it. It's
sad ," said Renee Aparicio, a senior at
Clovis High School.
Chicano Latino Student ·Association .
A vehicle for expression
its most publicized meeting on November 13. the acn1evement awards banquet was
A variety of topics were brought up and ill}portant to have on campus.
discussed by all those who attended the
•• Although we will not hold the banquet
The Chicano-Latino Student Associa- meeting.
this semester, a celebration in recognition
tion (CLSA), whose primary goal is to
Tomas Arcienega, the President of CSU, of the organization will be held," said
address student issues on and off campus Bakersfield, who is currently the Chair of Tovar.
has hit the CSUF campus.
the Commission of Hispanics in Educa...The Chicano-Latino Student AssociaThc founders of this new organization tion, as well as a doctorial candidate from tion seems promising and rewarding to
include, Robert Castorena, president, Stanford University, whose name is yet to students here on campus. Their primary
Danny Chacon, vice president, and Law- · be announced, are just a few of the pros- emphasis is on the Chicano-Latino Sturence Tovar, sergeant at arms of CLSA.
pective speakers that may appear.
dent Body, but there is an open door to
According to Castorena, "CLSA will
CLSA is planning to hold an achieve- anyone who wants to contribute to the
provide a forum that will serve as a vehicle ment awards banquet next semester to association," said Richard Patlan, one of
for the expression and promotion of honor Chicano-Latino students who excell the members of CLSA.
Chicano-Latino student interest."
in academics and leadership.
CLSA will hold their meetings every
The Chicano-Latino Association held
Those students who did attend felt that Monday at 2:00 in the College Union.
By Sara Laris
Staff Writer
~:~:d~om page MAPA
1
president of Fresno County MAPA.
Quintana said that after those members
left MAPA they began forming committees which delt with very important issues
in the community and were very active in
them. The committees that were formed
were not a part of any specific organization, instead they were very similar to an
AD-HOC committee.
Quintana along with the ex-members of
Fresno MAPA gathered on several occasions and expressed an interest in forming a
new organization. "Much consideration
as to the name of the organization was
given, but most of the members who did
leave MAPA were long term Mapistas
and felt loyalties toward MAPA, and we
wanted the state umbrella. Our purpose is
to prioritize issues, and be involved with
county and supervisory people, if we did
not have the state umbrella we would only
be an AD-HOC committee that would not
have any juice, so we decided to form
another chapter of MAP A in Fresno,"
said Quintana.
"The Fresno community is large, and as
Fresno County MAPA we will take on
issues 'in both the rural and urban area,''
said Quintana.
"I believe there is plenty of room for
both of us . There are approximately
150,000 Chicanos in the Fresno community. There is no way that one MAPA can
deal with all those people in an effective
way," said Quintana.
The members of Fresno County MAPA
have maintained low key because they are
not an official sanctioned chapter. However, Quintana is very optimistic about
being chartered. He went on to say that
"there should not be a problem as far as
being chartered is concerned if we are
dealing strictly with the bv-laws. According to the by-laws, we are required to send
in money for J5 members as well as our
slate of officers and by-laws to the state in
order to get chartered. We have already
done what is required."
Quintana said, ''We are reaching out to
by-laws. However, changes in terms of the
recruited from the county think that it is
great that we have taken notice of their
area."
According to Quintana, Fresno MAPA's
by-laws were used as a model for their
by-laws. However.changes in terms of the
duties of the vice president were made.
"We will be adding a third vice president
to our by-laws who will deal exclusively
with county affairs. We have also modified the members at large to three positions, the third will be reserved for a college student," said Quintana.
Quintana wrote a letter to the long term
Mapistas as a courtesy to let them know
what was going on because he was not
sure as to what kind of information they
were getting.
"One of the first things that we want to
do once we get chartered is have an issues
forum to really assess what the issues are
jn Fresno County. For example. we may
choose to take on three issues," said Quintana, but we will work to get them resolved.
Although Fresno County MAPA will
deal with long term issues in the community, it will have a committee set up to monitor anything that surfaces. "We will not let
issues that are of political consequence to
our community pass us by," said Quintana.
.. We don't have to be silent anymore,
alot of times when we have had a Chicano
running for something we have always
heldourselvesbackonimportantissuessuch as the bilingual ballot, because we
didn't want the majority upset with our
candidate. There is always alot of tiptoing when the primary focus is electorial
politics," added Quintana.
"We do not want to hurt the other
MAPA (Fresno) in anyway, and nor do
we perceive o'urselves to be in a competition. We hope to work with the other
MA PA at certain times after we are chartered, but until then, Virginia Sanchez,
president of Fresno MAPA intends to·
fight our chartering," said Quintana.
"They do what they do well, and we'll try
to do well in what we do, hopefully the
community can benefit and we will get
twice as much done in the area of issues
and electorial politics."
On November 8, 1985 Fresno County
MAPA held its first fund raiser. The money
that was ra1sea was used to send its
m•·mbers to ~acramento to present their
case (charter) to the state executive board
of MAPA. Fresno Couoty MAPA wanted
to facilitate the opportunity for students
and low income members to go to Sacramento on November t6 and 17.
A private executive board meeting was
held with Virginia Sanchez on November
16 in Sacramento where they discussed
the issue of a new chapter in Fresno. Beatriz Molina, statewide president of MAP A
t
advised Quintana to take the charter to be
approved by the region.
Quintana along with several members
of Fresno County MAP A will be going to
the region. "Chances of being chartered
by the beginning of next month look real
good," said Quintana.
"We believe that our own deeds will be
wh~t sells us and not what we say," said
Quintana.
.
Literature
=
,BY Ronald L. Avila
'Contributing Writer
l
My everyday life surrounding's witness the five senses enhanced :
by my existence as a Chicano. The senses of sight, taste, touch,
smell, and .....
c
:
My Sound
:
The crowing of the rooster awakens the morning sun
The honking of the car horn, the slamming of the screen door.
t The whistle of grinding diesels of the north bound train
The honk of the ever watchful neighborhood goose.
t The second shrill blast of the alarm clock
The melodic voice of Carlos Guzman so cheerful, so early.
dripping of the Brew Starter coffee maker
The sharp click of the distant bathroom door.
t The
.•The flushing of the toilet, the running of hot water
The tapping of the toothbrush, the gargling of water.
t The whining of the blow dryer, the slap cologne
The first word ...
The crackling of cho.rizo, the sizzling of eggs
1
The pounding of the palote, the slurping of hot coffee.
The banging of the refrigerator door
The shuffling of the newspaper, the bolting of the front door.
:
DEBATE
Continued fr&m page 1·
allowed to function .
Orozco said that "There isn't a single
bilingual program in California, New
Mexico, Texas or Colorado without English being it's main objective. Bilingual
education simply enables minorities to
learn English with the help of their native
language."
In addition to this, Orozco said that
bilingual education brings forth the issue
of teachers being able to empathize with
bilingual speaking children,"
Despite the preceeding statement Hiakawa restated that "millions of others had
gone without the assistance of biling..1al
education, yet learned the language.
However, Dr. Orozco said that "the
large percent who were left to fend for
themselves , prior to the introduction of
bilingual education, showed
50-70%
dropout rate.
There are many opjections to bilingual.,
Ed. but with the increases in minority drop
out rates, and the influx of many more
immigrants entering the country, . one can
agree that it is far wiser to support a svstem which will decrease the problem of
illiteracy and the communication gap than
to knock it with misconceptions.
a
NOTES FROM
LAVOZ
Chicano-Latino Students Who
are interested in applying for
the layout position of La Voz,
please call 294-2486 and
speak to the editor.
ELECTIONS
Continued from page 3
According to US Secretary to the Treasury James Baker, "the United States fully
Guatemala's democratization pr: supports
cThe 1 oar of a low-rider passing by, the honking of horns
ocess."
None of the candiates have addressed
The thumping of tires on the pavement.
the
killings and disappearances carried
The reviving of engines at a stop light
out by the army and security forces . Since
The grinding of brakes, the slamming of car doors.
1954., 38,000 have "disappeared."
IJ.e..elections offer no solutions to the
countries
severe economic crisis and wides'The clanking of barbells against each other echo-in the hall
pread poverty.
Th
·
f1
·
h h ff}"
f
e voices o earnmg, t e s u mg o papers never cease.
Eighty percent of the Guatemalan popu. : The loud and blaring "rock" drowning out quiet conversation.
. lation lives in poverty (on less than $300
The opening and closing of binders the rustling of a class ended.· 4 per year), and over 80% of all children
under the age of five suffer from some
'
form of malnutrition.
Four percent of the landholders own
=The clanging of pots and pans, the ringing of the order bell
70%
of the arable land.
The hissing of frijoles boiling over, the rattling of dishes.
In a country where so much land has
The scream because of a burnt hand, the popping of hot manteca become consentrated in the hands of a few
lihe talking and laughing of clientes, the humming of fans.
: and used for export crops while combined
unemployment are 50% and 41% of the
total population are landless, a solution to
l The blaring of the television, the voices across the alley
the countries widespread poverty calls for
land reform.
The drifting of guitar and accordion music in the air.
"fhe big landowners have the military
The crying of a baby, the wailing of a viejita
on their side and the presidential candit The click of the light switch.
dates know it.
As Christian Democrat Vinicio Cerezo
Th I t
d
put it, "I cannot advocate agrarian reform
· e as wor ···
'td~lt=~="====:N.aa===M=::=:::;;14=:===-~===="====:;N;==="==J-i because it would not be tolerated by the
military."
The election offers no possible solutions to the country's economic, political,
and social crisis, because three more impo■
rtant political forces operating in the
country will not be affected just by elecBy Paloma Semllla
for suggestions of the name of the school. tions. These are the military-oligarchy
Staff Writer
Several names were submitted before alliance, the peasant resistance, and the
us.
Hidalgo was chosen.
The state department will be inefective
Miguel Hidalgo Elementary School,
Relocatable classroom building, and an
named after the father of Mexico's lnde- office trailor house sit on the dirt grounds in pushing for reforms that will address
pendance, opened its doors to neiborhood which will someday be made into a base- the social conditions that make a revolution inevitable, because even if it tries to
children on September 16, Mexican fnde- ball field and play yard.
pendence Day. Jt is the first school in the
The school was set up on the corner of do so (which is doubtful with this AdminFresno Unified School District to be First and Tyler in order to accomodate istration), increased economic and milnamed after a prominent Mexican .
neighborhood children who would 0th- itary aid will only strengthen the oligarchv
Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811), was a erwise be bussed outside their area to that will nevet give up its privileged position as long as it has US support, and will
M~x~can priest and revolutionist helping other schools.
gam mdependence against France.
The Principal of Hidalgo Elementary strengthen the bloodthirsty military that
The original plans for the school's name School said that out of 550 students who will never allow a peaceful alternative to a
was Lewis. Avenue Elementary School. were currently enrolled in the school, 589f revolution that may prove to be more horT~e school board members changed their are s. E. Asian, 30% His panic, and l 2o/c rible than the one currently sponsored by
'he US in El Salvador.
minds and asked the community members are Blacks and ' Anglos.
School-named after
M ex IC an hero
a _Voz
eAztlan
November 26, 1985
EOP funds· threatened
Assemblyman tries tO kill
min9rity programs
By Eddie Juarez
Staff Writer
Peter Chacon, the assemblyman who
was was called "the friend of minorities,"
wants to i·m plement a bill that will destroy
existing minority targeted programs at
state and community colleges.
Peter Chacon, assemblyman of the 79th
district, along with his aids Mark Sanchez
and Bruce Hamlet, a representative of
CEPEC, have together construed a spur
of the moment piece of legislation that will
abolish the California State University
Educational Program, Core Student Affirmative Action Program, Community College Extended Opportunity Programs, plus
their funds and staff members.
The bill which is an active piece of legislation that has not been ratified, but is ·
being heard now until June 1986 by the
Senate Education Committee, calls for an
introduction of a new program that will
take the place of-existing programs.
The new program will be known as the:
California Educational Achievement Program. This new program will be administered by the Board of Governors of California Community Colleges and the Board
of Trustees of the California State University. If bill 1887 is ratified by the Senate
Education Committee, it will commence
July 1, 1986.
Chacon said that the primaty goal of
the bill will be to increase the number of
low income and ethnic minority students
who will graduate with a baccalaurate
degree·. The Raza Administration and
Counselors in Higher Education
f.RACHE), an opposing group of the bill
said that "the bill will be aimed at students
who are going into the teaching field. But
how about students who are interested in
other areas, such as health, public service,
law and engineering? It is critical that we
continue to encourage our youth to aspire
in a career of their choice in which they are
best suited without undue coercion."
TheDirectoroftheEducationalOpportunity Program, Robert Hernandez, said
that "the new program will not work as
well as the existing programs. In fact, the
new program will put us (minorities) !>ack
into the 50's and 60's, a time when only a
few minorities were attending college."
Hernandez said that Chacon 's new bill
is asking for more stringent admission
requirements. If this is true, then it is inevitable that there will be a decline in minority students whom attend college.
Hernandez did say that "A positive
change is good, and he was all for it." But
to destroy programs that have been in
existence for almost twenty years is no
positive change. EOP and SAA have been
in existence for nearly two decades. The
programs are currently serving 162,000
.students in over one hundred community colleges and 19 universities. Hernandez said, "What Chacon needs to do is
assess the programs and find out what
needs to be done to improve them, then
make the necessary alterations."
After extensive examination of bill 1887,
RACHE has come to the conclusion that
instead of breading down barriers to educational access, this bill will instead establish new barriers for students who are
interested in a certain professional area.
The bill lacks provisions for adequate
faculty involvement which is a dominant
factor in these types of programs.
"Why do so many minority students
need remedial classes anyway?" I asked
Robert Chacon, director.
Hernandez said the main reason that
minority students are not prepared for
college is because "they are channeled into
othP.r areas of education that do not preparethemforcollege."lfthisistruethen
we must assume that high school counse·EOP students diligently at work
lors don't see the importance of minority
students going on to higher education.
Many times the students are chan - .changing. With the help of programs such can't fix the problems of society with our
neled into classes such as, woodshop, as EOP thousands of minority students programs, but we can surely help."
metalsbop, crafts, and auto mechanics. have been able to attend institutions of
These classes surely don't meet the criteria higher learning. EOP helps economically
If you oppose assembly bill -1887, let
for college prep classes. Therefore, when a disadvantaged and low-income students. your concerns be known by writing to the
Abolishing such an experienced program State Capitol, Sacramento, California, or
1minority student attempts to enter col-.'
lege he/she can't because the student is would certainly mean closing the door to to W.N. Reynolds, Chancellor of the
not "academically" prepared. But, for the higher education for many people espe- State Universities of California in Long
past twenty years this concept has been cially minorities. Hernandez said, "'we Beach California.
Bilingual Educatio·n debated
By Martha Camacho
Staff Writer
During a radio broadcast debate between former U.S. Senator S.I.Hiakawa and
Dr.Cecilio, the pros and cons of bilingua!
education was thoroughly discussed.
Although bilingual educatiori programs
have become a major and highly controversial issue amongst Federal, State and
Local officials, as well as in the community at large, it is necessary to sustain such
programs if the eradification of illiteracy
and assimilation amongst minorities is to
take place.
"The primary goal of bilingual education is to assist minorities in the acceleration of learning the English language,"
said Dr. Orozco, professor of the Department of Teacher Education Coordinator
for Bilingual.Education at CSUF.
lii...res°ponse, former U.S. Senator Hiakawa stated that he "was not opposed to
bilingual education so long as its goal is to
facilitate the learning of English." Hiakawa felt that there was really no reason
for it when millions of others had gone
without its assistance. He went on to say·
that "the only way to get ahead in life or tp
take an honorary place is to learn English,
and thafis the primary goal of any public
education."
The host of the radio show asked Dr.
Orozco if there was any proof that students learned more in bilingual programs
than they would if they were just placed in
an English 1 class.
Dr. Orozco said that "there was abso1~tely no proof that students learned less
~nglish in a bilingual program and yet
they acrue a number of things that most
main line Americans don't realize or appreciate."
According to Dr. Orozco, "bilingual
education allows students to become accessible to the community and allows parents to communicate with teachers."
Both speakers seemed to agree that
·because of bilingual educations short
1existence, more time is needed to access.
students in bilingual education are indeed
~ e 1 p - ~ this program in learning
the English language.
Former U.S. Senator Hiakawa said
"there is lack of clarification or lack of.
agreement as to what the pupose of bilin-
gual education really is. He questioned if California Guidelines which thrust the
whether the program would actually facil- · teaching of English in bilingual education
itate the learning of English, or if it was programs. As a result of these guidelines,
being used solely to preserve the culture of no bilingual education program would be
the minority.
Dr. Orozco pointed out that "there are See DEBATE, page 4
MAPA: New Chapter
forms in ·Fresno
By Belen Rodriguez
Staff Writer
Neglecting to c~nfront Chicano issues,
such as the immigration raids in Sanger,
farmworker pesticides, and the brutal killing of Raul Rangel by Fresno police
officers were some of the many concerns
which triggered thirty active Fresno Mexican American Political Association
(MAPA) mtmbers to leave Fresno MAPA
and seek the chartering of Fresno County
MAPA.
"Several people left MAP A not feeling
that they were contributing or asked to
contribute in any way. Those who did
leave had strong leadership experience
and were going to be idled if they were not
involved in an organization," said Frank
Quintana, former corresponding secretary
of Fresno MAP A for 1985 who resigned
from his position, and is currently the
See MAPA, page 4
Page2
Guest Editorial:
Political analysis
•
can population, no attempt by the Sanqinista government of Nicaragua to defend
itself
from US aggression is too trivial to
Contributing. Writers
justify US support for counterrevolution=
The November 13 memorial service and ary terrorist called Contras.
rally for victims of South African aparThe Contras are a mercenary army
theid indicates rising student conscious- founded by and financed by the CIA, and
ness of the moral backruptcy and contra- their ruthless and sadistic tactics are well
dictory nature of US foreign policy.
documented.
Perhaos one of the most outstanding
In their attempts to destabilize the
characteristics of the event was its multi- Nicaraguan government, the Contras rouracial and multi-faith l and make up. ·
tinely target health workers, educators,
This exempllties the very broad and other non-military targets including
based outrage of many different sectors of women and children. In one case, accordour society leveled against the cruelty of · ing to congressional testimony, a group of
aparheid and the complicity of our govern- contras gang-raped and decapitated a .14
ment with a system of legalized racism year-old girl and left her head on ·a pole
that cannot be defended by any stretch of outside the village where she lived.
the imagination.
•
These are the people Reagan calls "FreeWe would like to address a few reasons dom Fighters."
why every student should be concerned
As one Reagan Administration official
about South African apartheid, and how admitted, "The Contras have a_tendency
Reagan's do-nothing policy of "construe- to kidnap young girls."
tive engagement" contrasts sharply with
Since 1979 the Nicaraguans have made
its· illegal and immoral attemps to over- unpresidented gains in nutrition, health
throw the government of Nicaragua.
care, education, and quality of life since
Reagan and the CSU F foundation have the Sandinistas overthrew the U.S.-backed
contemptuously resisted the call fot an Somoza dictatorship. Why not construeend to US companies doing business in tive engagement with Nicaragua?
South Africa by campuses across the
A little over a year ago, the Frente Sannation and by the CSUF Associated Stu- dinista oartv won an election in which the
dent and Faculty and Senates. Some have overwhelmi1_1g s~pport of the people was
' cited the pitiful argument that U.S. coi:po- demonS t rated.
rations can pusn tor change if they remain _ No other government in Central Amerthere.
. ica can arm its civilian population as the
US companies are not and have never Nicaraguans have and remain m power.
been in South Africa to reform apartheid The Sandinistas have distributed at least
La Voz de Aztlan
but to profit from it. Recent corporate 200,000 automatic rifles to its campesino
concern for decades of racial discrimina- population to defend the country from
tion and exploitation there is only a con- Reagan's terrorists.
La Voz de A1.tlan is a special publication of The DailJ Editor: Belen Rodriguez
Collegian and as such is a member of the California Staff Writers: Lourdes Espinosa
cern for the future of corporate investIf Nicaragua is such a "totalitarian
Intercollegiate Press Association.
ments as revolution spreads.
regime" as Reagan claims, why are an
Martha Camacho
The opinions published on this page are not necessarily
As the Botha govermnt:nt continues to overwhelming number of Nicaraguans arPaloma Semilla
those of La Vo, de A7tlan or its staff. Editorials are
Eddie Juarez
deny the majority hlack population their ming themselves to defend it?
unsigned and are the opinion of the Jlilper's editor.
Elaine Montejano
most' basic political and human rights,
What would happen if South Africa
forces millions of blacks onto mega-slums were to arm its black population? How
Sara Laris
Margaret Sandoval
called bantustans, imposes press censor- long would the U.S.-backed white minorLa Voz de A7tlan is published by the Associated Stu- Peter Tapia
ship at every level, jails, tortures, and ity government last?
denb at CSUF and the newspar,er staff.
Photographer: Lawrence Tovar
murders popular nationalist leaders such
Nicaragua today struggles for progress
as Stephen Biko and many others, Reagan in the face of the military and economic
continues to extol the dubious virtues of imperialism imposed upon it by our own
his constructive engagement policy (i.e. government.
that such a system can be reformed from
s ·o uth Africa struggles to rid itself of the
the top down through continued US inves- brutal oppression resulting from centuries
tment that mostly benefits those responsi- of European colonialism and legalized
ble for apartheid in the first place), and racism.
continues to market this myopic belief
Let's denounce the contradiction 'in US
within US public opinion.
policy towards these two countries, and
make our voice heard by those in power,
As US policymakers ~ublicly loo_k the including the CSUF Foundation.
other way when_a~athe1d systematlcall_y
U.S. investments out of South Africa!
By Elaine Montejano
more non-Hispanic students should get represses the ma.1onty of-the South AfnU.S. 2 uns out of Central America!
Staff Writer
involved in the program, and become better acquainted with people of different
The Chicano-Latino studies Program ethnic backgrounds. The areas of study
consists of five full-time faculty members. include Chicano history, artistic expresTheir goals in the classroom according to sion, social problems, and political issues
Chicano-Latino Studies Coordinator, Dr. to name a few.
Manuel Pena, include promoting an awarOutside of the classroom the ChicanoSteve Bruhn
eness in the Chicano culture, and providing Latino Studies Program administers the
The Campus Latin American Support Committee will hold a
f~ctual information to the students.
Chicano Research Center. The Center
"We substitute truth for .ideologies,,. engages in research relating to the prob- "Rally for Peace and Justice" at noon in the Free Speech Area on
Pena said.
lems of Chicanos, and provides informa- December 11, 1985.
Many Hispanic students as well as non- tion and services to the community. The
. The rally will be held to focus attention on the U.S. sponsored
Hispanics who are enrolled in Chicano- Center also promotes education, and is
Latino Studies·courses may develop a bet- working toward student exchanges with bombing in El Salvador.
ter understanding of the Chicano ex- universities abroad.
Eleven people, including one CSUF professor and several stuperience and appreciation of the
The faculty encourages all students to
dents
were arrested at Chip Pasahayan's Fresno ·office on Sepculture. Approximately 75% of the stu- participate in the Chicano-Latino Studies
dents in the program are Chicanos. •·we Program, and to learn more about the tember 25, 1985 for questioning the legality of the bol!lbing_
.
want to change," said Pena. He feels that Chicano-Latino population.
On the day following the rally, a trial will begin at the Fresno
By Steve Bruhn
and Albert Robles
i Feliz. d,o..
Substitution of troth
for ideologies
CSU F students and
teacher arrested ·
.Colmena Unive~sitaria Hispana
Les invitamos a participar en el club de espanol.
Vengan el jueves, 5 de diciembre, a las 5:00 en el
cuarto 103 Soc. Science.
- Para conocer a mas hispanoparlantes
- Para Socializar
- Para practicar el idioma
Para mas informacion llamen a Jane Matott - 4368199, o Alma Rodriguez - 292-7358.
t11t
(
Municipal Courthouse at 9:00 a.m. for the 11 who were
arrested. _ A representative from the community Latin
American Suppport Committee will be speaking at the rally to
encourage attendance at the triafand suppoort for those who were
arrested.
Campus LASC will also be sponsoring a concert by Cutumay
Camones, a Salvadoran musical group.
They will be performing on December 5 at 11:30 in the Free
Speech area or in the CU in room 200 in __case of unfavorable
weather.
Cutumay Camones combines traditional Salvadoran folk music
with a strong political message, and is widely recognized as one of
the foremost representatives of the New Song Movement.
Their Fresno stop is part of their first national tour in the U.S.
called "Singing for peace and Justice in El Salvador."
· '
)
:G uatemala's·
election offers
no solution
By Steve Bruhn
Contributing Writer
On November 3, Guatemalans went
through the motions of electing the first
civilian president since the CIA engineered
COt!P that overthrew the popula r refo r- .
mist government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1984.
A runoff will be held between Christian
Democrat Vinicio Cerezo, who got 39% of
the vote and Jorge Carpio Nicolle of the
Union of the National Center, who got
21 %. According to the network in Solidarity with the people of Guatemala (NISGU A), the Guatemalan News a nd Information Bureau (GNIB), and Guatemala.n
constitutional law expert Jorge Mario
Garcia Laguardia, all the parties in the
election were center-right to extreme right.
According to UPI the Christian Democrats are center-left.
The Reagan Administration hopes to
.use the elections to convince Congress and
the American public of Guatemala mov ·
ing toward democracy, but the election
was really designed for US consumption
to justif)' massive
increases
in
military aid to a government that has
earned its reputation as the worst human
rights violator in the hemisphere . Elections in the past have only served to promote various military officials to the office
of president. The all-civilian makeup of
the candidates was due to a congressional
restriction on US aid that mandates a civilian president.
The Carter Administration cut off all
aid to Guatemala in 1977 because of massive human rights violations, but aid continued anyway until 1980.
Although the human rights situation
has become even more gruesome .in the
last few years, the Reagan Administration
was successful in resuming military aid to
Guatemala in the amount of $300,000 for
fiscal year 1985.
According to a Washington Office on
Latin America study, over 50,000 people
have been killed since 1980 as a result of
the army's rural "pacification" campaign
Jn the last five years 440 villages have
been destroyed in the most sophisticated
and violent counter-insurgency campaign
in Central American history
Right-wing death squads, disappearances, and torture have become common
political tools of the government.
On October 1983, the organization of
American States (OAS) issued a report
which notes that the Guatemalan government, "has shown characterisitcs of brutal
ity and barbarism by the massive assassi
nations of peasants and indians with gun~.
machetes or knives; the bombing and
machine gunning o~ villages by land and
air; the burning of homes, churches and
communal houses as well as crops."
Despite the fact that political assassinations and human rights violations increased
significant}y in 1984, Congress approved a
total of $68.8 million in development and
military a~dforfiscal years I 986 and 1987.
U.S. aid to Guatemala has more restricions on it than aid to any other country in
the \.11orld, including the mandated civilian
president.
The recent elections fulfill this requirement, but will do little to change the situation in Guatemala except to strengthen
the already corrupt and ruthless military
and prolong the suffering of the Guatemalan people.
Last August, Assistant Head of State
for Guatemala General Rodolfo Lobos
Zamora said, ..To the extent that a civilian
government will enable us to obtain aid,
we are pleased, but that is not to say the
Army will dissapear."
Regardless of who wins the runoff, the
army will remain in control of the Ministry of Defense, all the counterinsurgency
programs, and the civil patrols in which
90,000 Guatemalan men and boys have
been conscripted and face death if they
refuse to participate.
See ELECTIONS, page 4
High school students from throughout Fresno at the Chicano Youth Conference
eve prepares for conference
workshops, as well as a career fa ir. At this
moment the tentative guest speaker is
Rodolfo Acuna, a professor and author
Chicanos helping Chicanos, that's the at U.C. Berkeley.
whole idea behind the Chica no Youth
The workshops will be on a variety of
conference (C.Y.C.) which is ~ponsored subjects to tailor the students needs. The
partly by Fresno State students.
career fair will expose Chicanos to different
The C.Y.C. is a subc omm ittee of- opportunities available to them which
M. E. Ch.A. who sponsors this annual event they otherwise would not have known
in the hopes of increasing the chicano about.
population in post secondary education.
The C.Y.C. is successfully progressing
Richard Santana, chairman of the C. Y. C. at this moment. Much hard work and
believes that the conference "helps and hours have been put into planning this
motivates students to atttend college and event, but the result is much worth the
also career alternatives."
effort. There are approximately fifteen
This year the C. Y.C. will be held on active members who have participated in
January 17, 1986. The conference will the planning, as well as others whose time
include a prominantChicano guest speaker, and effort does not go unap preciated.
By Lourdes Espinosa
Staff Writer
1
" I believe that the Oiicano minority
could become a majority here at Fresno
State," said Margaret Sandoval, a freshman at Fresno State, and member of
the C.Y.C.
This year the C.Y.C. is hoping to have
its largest attendance. ApproximatelyI 500-2000 students are expected to attend
the conference.
Fresno State's C.Y .C. has been quoted
in the past by college fair representatives
as "the biggest in the state." No other
C.Y.C. in Califo rnia has such a high
attendance as Fresno State's.
"We hope to be successful in our goals.
providing high school students with know-
ledge, as well as a fun experience." saic
Santana.
Drop out: Guidance needed
By Elaine Montejano
course requirements as well as the college
entrance requirements. Many times students will skips and fall even further behind in.
You can find them in low-paying jobs, their classes.
Another reason for leaving school is
on the streets, or just about anywhere; they
are high school drop outs.
because students want to work. Sometimes
There is an overwhelming dropout they want to start earning their own living,
problem in California, and the current or find that they must help support their
laws are ineffective in keeping kids in families' income.
Thirdly, 30% of Hispanic .girls quit
school. Hispanics have a 45% dropout
rate, which is the highest rate of any other school because they get pregnant during
group. Blacks come in second with a 41 % high school and don't make it through
dropout rate, and many of these teens their graduation.
never reach the 10th grade.
Due to their lack of education, many
According to research on the public dropouts will find themselves in unskilled
school system and Assemblywoman Gloria low-paying jobs if they find work at all.
Molina, there are three principal reasons Some will go on welfare, and still others
as to why these students leave school. For will commit crimes. Most of these teens
one, they are not getting a good education. simply disregard the compulsory school
They receive poor grades in sometimes attendance law, which requires persons
overcrowded classrooms, and are often under 18 to be in school. Some employers
enrolled in remedial courses. In addition violate child labor laws by hiring student~
to this, they may fail to meet the district without work permits. Unfortunately, enfoStaff Writer
rcement of these laws is not a top priority
in some probation departments and courts.
\
Therefore, Assemblywoman Molina and
other Assembly members are taking action
to solve the California dropout problem.
They are proposing to strengthen the
public's awareness, and enforce attendance
laws. Upgrading the quality of high schools
and expandi•ng academic guidance services
are _o ther priorities: In addition, they want
to provide guides for the improvement of
the continuation schools, as well as funds
for adult education.
California has a long way to go before
its dropout problem will be solved. It
takes a large amount of time, money, and
careful planning to keep kids in school.
"The dropouts 1 know just don't do well in
school. They say they don't need it. It's
sad ," said Renee Aparicio, a senior at
Clovis High School.
Chicano Latino Student ·Association .
A vehicle for expression
its most publicized meeting on November 13. the acn1evement awards banquet was
A variety of topics were brought up and ill}portant to have on campus.
discussed by all those who attended the
•• Although we will not hold the banquet
The Chicano-Latino Student Associa- meeting.
this semester, a celebration in recognition
tion (CLSA), whose primary goal is to
Tomas Arcienega, the President of CSU, of the organization will be held," said
address student issues on and off campus Bakersfield, who is currently the Chair of Tovar.
has hit the CSUF campus.
the Commission of Hispanics in Educa...The Chicano-Latino Student AssociaThc founders of this new organization tion, as well as a doctorial candidate from tion seems promising and rewarding to
include, Robert Castorena, president, Stanford University, whose name is yet to students here on campus. Their primary
Danny Chacon, vice president, and Law- · be announced, are just a few of the pros- emphasis is on the Chicano-Latino Sturence Tovar, sergeant at arms of CLSA.
pective speakers that may appear.
dent Body, but there is an open door to
According to Castorena, "CLSA will
CLSA is planning to hold an achieve- anyone who wants to contribute to the
provide a forum that will serve as a vehicle ment awards banquet next semester to association," said Richard Patlan, one of
for the expression and promotion of honor Chicano-Latino students who excell the members of CLSA.
Chicano-Latino student interest."
in academics and leadership.
CLSA will hold their meetings every
The Chicano-Latino Association held
Those students who did attend felt that Monday at 2:00 in the College Union.
By Sara Laris
Staff Writer
~:~:d~om page MAPA
1
president of Fresno County MAPA.
Quintana said that after those members
left MAPA they began forming committees which delt with very important issues
in the community and were very active in
them. The committees that were formed
were not a part of any specific organization, instead they were very similar to an
AD-HOC committee.
Quintana along with the ex-members of
Fresno MAPA gathered on several occasions and expressed an interest in forming a
new organization. "Much consideration
as to the name of the organization was
given, but most of the members who did
leave MAPA were long term Mapistas
and felt loyalties toward MAPA, and we
wanted the state umbrella. Our purpose is
to prioritize issues, and be involved with
county and supervisory people, if we did
not have the state umbrella we would only
be an AD-HOC committee that would not
have any juice, so we decided to form
another chapter of MAP A in Fresno,"
said Quintana.
"The Fresno community is large, and as
Fresno County MAPA we will take on
issues 'in both the rural and urban area,''
said Quintana.
"I believe there is plenty of room for
both of us . There are approximately
150,000 Chicanos in the Fresno community. There is no way that one MAPA can
deal with all those people in an effective
way," said Quintana.
The members of Fresno County MAPA
have maintained low key because they are
not an official sanctioned chapter. However, Quintana is very optimistic about
being chartered. He went on to say that
"there should not be a problem as far as
being chartered is concerned if we are
dealing strictly with the bv-laws. According to the by-laws, we are required to send
in money for J5 members as well as our
slate of officers and by-laws to the state in
order to get chartered. We have already
done what is required."
Quintana said, ''We are reaching out to
by-laws. However, changes in terms of the
recruited from the county think that it is
great that we have taken notice of their
area."
According to Quintana, Fresno MAPA's
by-laws were used as a model for their
by-laws. However.changes in terms of the
duties of the vice president were made.
"We will be adding a third vice president
to our by-laws who will deal exclusively
with county affairs. We have also modified the members at large to three positions, the third will be reserved for a college student," said Quintana.
Quintana wrote a letter to the long term
Mapistas as a courtesy to let them know
what was going on because he was not
sure as to what kind of information they
were getting.
"One of the first things that we want to
do once we get chartered is have an issues
forum to really assess what the issues are
jn Fresno County. For example. we may
choose to take on three issues," said Quintana, but we will work to get them resolved.
Although Fresno County MAPA will
deal with long term issues in the community, it will have a committee set up to monitor anything that surfaces. "We will not let
issues that are of political consequence to
our community pass us by," said Quintana.
.. We don't have to be silent anymore,
alot of times when we have had a Chicano
running for something we have always
heldourselvesbackonimportantissuessuch as the bilingual ballot, because we
didn't want the majority upset with our
candidate. There is always alot of tiptoing when the primary focus is electorial
politics," added Quintana.
"We do not want to hurt the other
MAPA (Fresno) in anyway, and nor do
we perceive o'urselves to be in a competition. We hope to work with the other
MA PA at certain times after we are chartered, but until then, Virginia Sanchez,
president of Fresno MAPA intends to·
fight our chartering," said Quintana.
"They do what they do well, and we'll try
to do well in what we do, hopefully the
community can benefit and we will get
twice as much done in the area of issues
and electorial politics."
On November 8, 1985 Fresno County
MAPA held its first fund raiser. The money
that was ra1sea was used to send its
m•·mbers to ~acramento to present their
case (charter) to the state executive board
of MAPA. Fresno Couoty MAPA wanted
to facilitate the opportunity for students
and low income members to go to Sacramento on November t6 and 17.
A private executive board meeting was
held with Virginia Sanchez on November
16 in Sacramento where they discussed
the issue of a new chapter in Fresno. Beatriz Molina, statewide president of MAP A
t
advised Quintana to take the charter to be
approved by the region.
Quintana along with several members
of Fresno County MAP A will be going to
the region. "Chances of being chartered
by the beginning of next month look real
good," said Quintana.
"We believe that our own deeds will be
wh~t sells us and not what we say," said
Quintana.
.
Literature
=
,BY Ronald L. Avila
'Contributing Writer
l
My everyday life surrounding's witness the five senses enhanced :
by my existence as a Chicano. The senses of sight, taste, touch,
smell, and .....
c
:
My Sound
:
The crowing of the rooster awakens the morning sun
The honking of the car horn, the slamming of the screen door.
t The whistle of grinding diesels of the north bound train
The honk of the ever watchful neighborhood goose.
t The second shrill blast of the alarm clock
The melodic voice of Carlos Guzman so cheerful, so early.
dripping of the Brew Starter coffee maker
The sharp click of the distant bathroom door.
t The
.•The flushing of the toilet, the running of hot water
The tapping of the toothbrush, the gargling of water.
t The whining of the blow dryer, the slap cologne
The first word ...
The crackling of cho.rizo, the sizzling of eggs
1
The pounding of the palote, the slurping of hot coffee.
The banging of the refrigerator door
The shuffling of the newspaper, the bolting of the front door.
:
DEBATE
Continued fr&m page 1·
allowed to function .
Orozco said that "There isn't a single
bilingual program in California, New
Mexico, Texas or Colorado without English being it's main objective. Bilingual
education simply enables minorities to
learn English with the help of their native
language."
In addition to this, Orozco said that
bilingual education brings forth the issue
of teachers being able to empathize with
bilingual speaking children,"
Despite the preceeding statement Hiakawa restated that "millions of others had
gone without the assistance of biling..1al
education, yet learned the language.
However, Dr. Orozco said that "the
large percent who were left to fend for
themselves , prior to the introduction of
bilingual education, showed
50-70%
dropout rate.
There are many opjections to bilingual.,
Ed. but with the increases in minority drop
out rates, and the influx of many more
immigrants entering the country, . one can
agree that it is far wiser to support a svstem which will decrease the problem of
illiteracy and the communication gap than
to knock it with misconceptions.
a
NOTES FROM
LAVOZ
Chicano-Latino Students Who
are interested in applying for
the layout position of La Voz,
please call 294-2486 and
speak to the editor.
ELECTIONS
Continued from page 3
According to US Secretary to the Treasury James Baker, "the United States fully
Guatemala's democratization pr: supports
cThe 1 oar of a low-rider passing by, the honking of horns
ocess."
None of the candiates have addressed
The thumping of tires on the pavement.
the
killings and disappearances carried
The reviving of engines at a stop light
out by the army and security forces . Since
The grinding of brakes, the slamming of car doors.
1954., 38,000 have "disappeared."
IJ.e..elections offer no solutions to the
countries
severe economic crisis and wides'The clanking of barbells against each other echo-in the hall
pread poverty.
Th
·
f1
·
h h ff}"
f
e voices o earnmg, t e s u mg o papers never cease.
Eighty percent of the Guatemalan popu. : The loud and blaring "rock" drowning out quiet conversation.
. lation lives in poverty (on less than $300
The opening and closing of binders the rustling of a class ended.· 4 per year), and over 80% of all children
under the age of five suffer from some
'
form of malnutrition.
Four percent of the landholders own
=The clanging of pots and pans, the ringing of the order bell
70%
of the arable land.
The hissing of frijoles boiling over, the rattling of dishes.
In a country where so much land has
The scream because of a burnt hand, the popping of hot manteca become consentrated in the hands of a few
lihe talking and laughing of clientes, the humming of fans.
: and used for export crops while combined
unemployment are 50% and 41% of the
total population are landless, a solution to
l The blaring of the television, the voices across the alley
the countries widespread poverty calls for
land reform.
The drifting of guitar and accordion music in the air.
"fhe big landowners have the military
The crying of a baby, the wailing of a viejita
on their side and the presidential candit The click of the light switch.
dates know it.
As Christian Democrat Vinicio Cerezo
Th I t
d
put it, "I cannot advocate agrarian reform
· e as wor ···
'td~lt=~="====:N.aa===M=::=:::;;14=:===-~===="====:;N;==="==J-i because it would not be tolerated by the
military."
The election offers no possible solutions to the country's economic, political,
and social crisis, because three more impo■
rtant political forces operating in the
country will not be affected just by elecBy Paloma Semllla
for suggestions of the name of the school. tions. These are the military-oligarchy
Staff Writer
Several names were submitted before alliance, the peasant resistance, and the
us.
Hidalgo was chosen.
The state department will be inefective
Miguel Hidalgo Elementary School,
Relocatable classroom building, and an
named after the father of Mexico's lnde- office trailor house sit on the dirt grounds in pushing for reforms that will address
pendance, opened its doors to neiborhood which will someday be made into a base- the social conditions that make a revolution inevitable, because even if it tries to
children on September 16, Mexican fnde- ball field and play yard.
pendence Day. Jt is the first school in the
The school was set up on the corner of do so (which is doubtful with this AdminFresno Unified School District to be First and Tyler in order to accomodate istration), increased economic and milnamed after a prominent Mexican .
neighborhood children who would 0th- itary aid will only strengthen the oligarchv
Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811), was a erwise be bussed outside their area to that will nevet give up its privileged position as long as it has US support, and will
M~x~can priest and revolutionist helping other schools.
gam mdependence against France.
The Principal of Hidalgo Elementary strengthen the bloodthirsty military that
The original plans for the school's name School said that out of 550 students who will never allow a peaceful alternative to a
was Lewis. Avenue Elementary School. were currently enrolled in the school, 589f revolution that may prove to be more horT~e school board members changed their are s. E. Asian, 30% His panic, and l 2o/c rible than the one currently sponsored by
'he US in El Salvador.
minds and asked the community members are Blacks and ' Anglos.
School-named after
M ex IC an hero
eAztlan
November 26, 1985
EOP funds· threatened
Assemblyman tries tO kill
min9rity programs
By Eddie Juarez
Staff Writer
Peter Chacon, the assemblyman who
was was called "the friend of minorities,"
wants to i·m plement a bill that will destroy
existing minority targeted programs at
state and community colleges.
Peter Chacon, assemblyman of the 79th
district, along with his aids Mark Sanchez
and Bruce Hamlet, a representative of
CEPEC, have together construed a spur
of the moment piece of legislation that will
abolish the California State University
Educational Program, Core Student Affirmative Action Program, Community College Extended Opportunity Programs, plus
their funds and staff members.
The bill which is an active piece of legislation that has not been ratified, but is ·
being heard now until June 1986 by the
Senate Education Committee, calls for an
introduction of a new program that will
take the place of-existing programs.
The new program will be known as the:
California Educational Achievement Program. This new program will be administered by the Board of Governors of California Community Colleges and the Board
of Trustees of the California State University. If bill 1887 is ratified by the Senate
Education Committee, it will commence
July 1, 1986.
Chacon said that the primaty goal of
the bill will be to increase the number of
low income and ethnic minority students
who will graduate with a baccalaurate
degree·. The Raza Administration and
Counselors in Higher Education
f.RACHE), an opposing group of the bill
said that "the bill will be aimed at students
who are going into the teaching field. But
how about students who are interested in
other areas, such as health, public service,
law and engineering? It is critical that we
continue to encourage our youth to aspire
in a career of their choice in which they are
best suited without undue coercion."
TheDirectoroftheEducationalOpportunity Program, Robert Hernandez, said
that "the new program will not work as
well as the existing programs. In fact, the
new program will put us (minorities) !>ack
into the 50's and 60's, a time when only a
few minorities were attending college."
Hernandez said that Chacon 's new bill
is asking for more stringent admission
requirements. If this is true, then it is inevitable that there will be a decline in minority students whom attend college.
Hernandez did say that "A positive
change is good, and he was all for it." But
to destroy programs that have been in
existence for almost twenty years is no
positive change. EOP and SAA have been
in existence for nearly two decades. The
programs are currently serving 162,000
.students in over one hundred community colleges and 19 universities. Hernandez said, "What Chacon needs to do is
assess the programs and find out what
needs to be done to improve them, then
make the necessary alterations."
After extensive examination of bill 1887,
RACHE has come to the conclusion that
instead of breading down barriers to educational access, this bill will instead establish new barriers for students who are
interested in a certain professional area.
The bill lacks provisions for adequate
faculty involvement which is a dominant
factor in these types of programs.
"Why do so many minority students
need remedial classes anyway?" I asked
Robert Chacon, director.
Hernandez said the main reason that
minority students are not prepared for
college is because "they are channeled into
othP.r areas of education that do not preparethemforcollege."lfthisistruethen
we must assume that high school counse·EOP students diligently at work
lors don't see the importance of minority
students going on to higher education.
Many times the students are chan - .changing. With the help of programs such can't fix the problems of society with our
neled into classes such as, woodshop, as EOP thousands of minority students programs, but we can surely help."
metalsbop, crafts, and auto mechanics. have been able to attend institutions of
These classes surely don't meet the criteria higher learning. EOP helps economically
If you oppose assembly bill -1887, let
for college prep classes. Therefore, when a disadvantaged and low-income students. your concerns be known by writing to the
Abolishing such an experienced program State Capitol, Sacramento, California, or
1minority student attempts to enter col-.'
lege he/she can't because the student is would certainly mean closing the door to to W.N. Reynolds, Chancellor of the
not "academically" prepared. But, for the higher education for many people espe- State Universities of California in Long
past twenty years this concept has been cially minorities. Hernandez said, "'we Beach California.
Bilingual Educatio·n debated
By Martha Camacho
Staff Writer
During a radio broadcast debate between former U.S. Senator S.I.Hiakawa and
Dr.Cecilio, the pros and cons of bilingua!
education was thoroughly discussed.
Although bilingual educatiori programs
have become a major and highly controversial issue amongst Federal, State and
Local officials, as well as in the community at large, it is necessary to sustain such
programs if the eradification of illiteracy
and assimilation amongst minorities is to
take place.
"The primary goal of bilingual education is to assist minorities in the acceleration of learning the English language,"
said Dr. Orozco, professor of the Department of Teacher Education Coordinator
for Bilingual.Education at CSUF.
lii...res°ponse, former U.S. Senator Hiakawa stated that he "was not opposed to
bilingual education so long as its goal is to
facilitate the learning of English." Hiakawa felt that there was really no reason
for it when millions of others had gone
without its assistance. He went on to say·
that "the only way to get ahead in life or tp
take an honorary place is to learn English,
and thafis the primary goal of any public
education."
The host of the radio show asked Dr.
Orozco if there was any proof that students learned more in bilingual programs
than they would if they were just placed in
an English 1 class.
Dr. Orozco said that "there was abso1~tely no proof that students learned less
~nglish in a bilingual program and yet
they acrue a number of things that most
main line Americans don't realize or appreciate."
According to Dr. Orozco, "bilingual
education allows students to become accessible to the community and allows parents to communicate with teachers."
Both speakers seemed to agree that
·because of bilingual educations short
1existence, more time is needed to access.
students in bilingual education are indeed
~ e 1 p - ~ this program in learning
the English language.
Former U.S. Senator Hiakawa said
"there is lack of clarification or lack of.
agreement as to what the pupose of bilin-
gual education really is. He questioned if California Guidelines which thrust the
whether the program would actually facil- · teaching of English in bilingual education
itate the learning of English, or if it was programs. As a result of these guidelines,
being used solely to preserve the culture of no bilingual education program would be
the minority.
Dr. Orozco pointed out that "there are See DEBATE, page 4
MAPA: New Chapter
forms in ·Fresno
By Belen Rodriguez
Staff Writer
Neglecting to c~nfront Chicano issues,
such as the immigration raids in Sanger,
farmworker pesticides, and the brutal killing of Raul Rangel by Fresno police
officers were some of the many concerns
which triggered thirty active Fresno Mexican American Political Association
(MAPA) mtmbers to leave Fresno MAPA
and seek the chartering of Fresno County
MAPA.
"Several people left MAP A not feeling
that they were contributing or asked to
contribute in any way. Those who did
leave had strong leadership experience
and were going to be idled if they were not
involved in an organization," said Frank
Quintana, former corresponding secretary
of Fresno MAP A for 1985 who resigned
from his position, and is currently the
See MAPA, page 4
Page2
Guest Editorial:
Political analysis
•
can population, no attempt by the Sanqinista government of Nicaragua to defend
itself
from US aggression is too trivial to
Contributing. Writers
justify US support for counterrevolution=
The November 13 memorial service and ary terrorist called Contras.
rally for victims of South African aparThe Contras are a mercenary army
theid indicates rising student conscious- founded by and financed by the CIA, and
ness of the moral backruptcy and contra- their ruthless and sadistic tactics are well
dictory nature of US foreign policy.
documented.
Perhaos one of the most outstanding
In their attempts to destabilize the
characteristics of the event was its multi- Nicaraguan government, the Contras rouracial and multi-faith l and make up. ·
tinely target health workers, educators,
This exempllties the very broad and other non-military targets including
based outrage of many different sectors of women and children. In one case, accordour society leveled against the cruelty of · ing to congressional testimony, a group of
aparheid and the complicity of our govern- contras gang-raped and decapitated a .14
ment with a system of legalized racism year-old girl and left her head on ·a pole
that cannot be defended by any stretch of outside the village where she lived.
the imagination.
•
These are the people Reagan calls "FreeWe would like to address a few reasons dom Fighters."
why every student should be concerned
As one Reagan Administration official
about South African apartheid, and how admitted, "The Contras have a_tendency
Reagan's do-nothing policy of "construe- to kidnap young girls."
tive engagement" contrasts sharply with
Since 1979 the Nicaraguans have made
its· illegal and immoral attemps to over- unpresidented gains in nutrition, health
throw the government of Nicaragua.
care, education, and quality of life since
Reagan and the CSU F foundation have the Sandinistas overthrew the U.S.-backed
contemptuously resisted the call fot an Somoza dictatorship. Why not construeend to US companies doing business in tive engagement with Nicaragua?
South Africa by campuses across the
A little over a year ago, the Frente Sannation and by the CSUF Associated Stu- dinista oartv won an election in which the
dent and Faculty and Senates. Some have overwhelmi1_1g s~pport of the people was
' cited the pitiful argument that U.S. coi:po- demonS t rated.
rations can pusn tor change if they remain _ No other government in Central Amerthere.
. ica can arm its civilian population as the
US companies are not and have never Nicaraguans have and remain m power.
been in South Africa to reform apartheid The Sandinistas have distributed at least
La Voz de Aztlan
but to profit from it. Recent corporate 200,000 automatic rifles to its campesino
concern for decades of racial discrimina- population to defend the country from
tion and exploitation there is only a con- Reagan's terrorists.
La Voz de A1.tlan is a special publication of The DailJ Editor: Belen Rodriguez
Collegian and as such is a member of the California Staff Writers: Lourdes Espinosa
cern for the future of corporate investIf Nicaragua is such a "totalitarian
Intercollegiate Press Association.
ments as revolution spreads.
regime" as Reagan claims, why are an
Martha Camacho
The opinions published on this page are not necessarily
As the Botha govermnt:nt continues to overwhelming number of Nicaraguans arPaloma Semilla
those of La Vo, de A7tlan or its staff. Editorials are
Eddie Juarez
deny the majority hlack population their ming themselves to defend it?
unsigned and are the opinion of the Jlilper's editor.
Elaine Montejano
most' basic political and human rights,
What would happen if South Africa
forces millions of blacks onto mega-slums were to arm its black population? How
Sara Laris
Margaret Sandoval
called bantustans, imposes press censor- long would the U.S.-backed white minorLa Voz de A7tlan is published by the Associated Stu- Peter Tapia
ship at every level, jails, tortures, and ity government last?
denb at CSUF and the newspar,er staff.
Photographer: Lawrence Tovar
murders popular nationalist leaders such
Nicaragua today struggles for progress
as Stephen Biko and many others, Reagan in the face of the military and economic
continues to extol the dubious virtues of imperialism imposed upon it by our own
his constructive engagement policy (i.e. government.
that such a system can be reformed from
s ·o uth Africa struggles to rid itself of the
the top down through continued US inves- brutal oppression resulting from centuries
tment that mostly benefits those responsi- of European colonialism and legalized
ble for apartheid in the first place), and racism.
continues to market this myopic belief
Let's denounce the contradiction 'in US
within US public opinion.
policy towards these two countries, and
make our voice heard by those in power,
As US policymakers ~ublicly loo_k the including the CSUF Foundation.
other way when_a~athe1d systematlcall_y
U.S. investments out of South Africa!
By Elaine Montejano
more non-Hispanic students should get represses the ma.1onty of-the South AfnU.S. 2 uns out of Central America!
Staff Writer
involved in the program, and become better acquainted with people of different
The Chicano-Latino studies Program ethnic backgrounds. The areas of study
consists of five full-time faculty members. include Chicano history, artistic expresTheir goals in the classroom according to sion, social problems, and political issues
Chicano-Latino Studies Coordinator, Dr. to name a few.
Manuel Pena, include promoting an awarOutside of the classroom the ChicanoSteve Bruhn
eness in the Chicano culture, and providing Latino Studies Program administers the
The Campus Latin American Support Committee will hold a
f~ctual information to the students.
Chicano Research Center. The Center
"We substitute truth for .ideologies,,. engages in research relating to the prob- "Rally for Peace and Justice" at noon in the Free Speech Area on
Pena said.
lems of Chicanos, and provides informa- December 11, 1985.
Many Hispanic students as well as non- tion and services to the community. The
. The rally will be held to focus attention on the U.S. sponsored
Hispanics who are enrolled in Chicano- Center also promotes education, and is
Latino Studies·courses may develop a bet- working toward student exchanges with bombing in El Salvador.
ter understanding of the Chicano ex- universities abroad.
Eleven people, including one CSUF professor and several stuperience and appreciation of the
The faculty encourages all students to
dents
were arrested at Chip Pasahayan's Fresno ·office on Sepculture. Approximately 75% of the stu- participate in the Chicano-Latino Studies
dents in the program are Chicanos. •·we Program, and to learn more about the tember 25, 1985 for questioning the legality of the bol!lbing_
.
want to change," said Pena. He feels that Chicano-Latino population.
On the day following the rally, a trial will begin at the Fresno
By Steve Bruhn
and Albert Robles
i Feliz. d,o..
Substitution of troth
for ideologies
CSU F students and
teacher arrested ·
.Colmena Unive~sitaria Hispana
Les invitamos a participar en el club de espanol.
Vengan el jueves, 5 de diciembre, a las 5:00 en el
cuarto 103 Soc. Science.
- Para conocer a mas hispanoparlantes
- Para Socializar
- Para practicar el idioma
Para mas informacion llamen a Jane Matott - 4368199, o Alma Rodriguez - 292-7358.
t11t
(
Municipal Courthouse at 9:00 a.m. for the 11 who were
arrested. _ A representative from the community Latin
American Suppport Committee will be speaking at the rally to
encourage attendance at the triafand suppoort for those who were
arrested.
Campus LASC will also be sponsoring a concert by Cutumay
Camones, a Salvadoran musical group.
They will be performing on December 5 at 11:30 in the Free
Speech area or in the CU in room 200 in __case of unfavorable
weather.
Cutumay Camones combines traditional Salvadoran folk music
with a strong political message, and is widely recognized as one of
the foremost representatives of the New Song Movement.
Their Fresno stop is part of their first national tour in the U.S.
called "Singing for peace and Justice in El Salvador."
· '
)
:G uatemala's·
election offers
no solution
By Steve Bruhn
Contributing Writer
On November 3, Guatemalans went
through the motions of electing the first
civilian president since the CIA engineered
COt!P that overthrew the popula r refo r- .
mist government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1984.
A runoff will be held between Christian
Democrat Vinicio Cerezo, who got 39% of
the vote and Jorge Carpio Nicolle of the
Union of the National Center, who got
21 %. According to the network in Solidarity with the people of Guatemala (NISGU A), the Guatemalan News a nd Information Bureau (GNIB), and Guatemala.n
constitutional law expert Jorge Mario
Garcia Laguardia, all the parties in the
election were center-right to extreme right.
According to UPI the Christian Democrats are center-left.
The Reagan Administration hopes to
.use the elections to convince Congress and
the American public of Guatemala mov ·
ing toward democracy, but the election
was really designed for US consumption
to justif)' massive
increases
in
military aid to a government that has
earned its reputation as the worst human
rights violator in the hemisphere . Elections in the past have only served to promote various military officials to the office
of president. The all-civilian makeup of
the candidates was due to a congressional
restriction on US aid that mandates a civilian president.
The Carter Administration cut off all
aid to Guatemala in 1977 because of massive human rights violations, but aid continued anyway until 1980.
Although the human rights situation
has become even more gruesome .in the
last few years, the Reagan Administration
was successful in resuming military aid to
Guatemala in the amount of $300,000 for
fiscal year 1985.
According to a Washington Office on
Latin America study, over 50,000 people
have been killed since 1980 as a result of
the army's rural "pacification" campaign
Jn the last five years 440 villages have
been destroyed in the most sophisticated
and violent counter-insurgency campaign
in Central American history
Right-wing death squads, disappearances, and torture have become common
political tools of the government.
On October 1983, the organization of
American States (OAS) issued a report
which notes that the Guatemalan government, "has shown characterisitcs of brutal
ity and barbarism by the massive assassi
nations of peasants and indians with gun~.
machetes or knives; the bombing and
machine gunning o~ villages by land and
air; the burning of homes, churches and
communal houses as well as crops."
Despite the fact that political assassinations and human rights violations increased
significant}y in 1984, Congress approved a
total of $68.8 million in development and
military a~dforfiscal years I 986 and 1987.
U.S. aid to Guatemala has more restricions on it than aid to any other country in
the \.11orld, including the mandated civilian
president.
The recent elections fulfill this requirement, but will do little to change the situation in Guatemala except to strengthen
the already corrupt and ruthless military
and prolong the suffering of the Guatemalan people.
Last August, Assistant Head of State
for Guatemala General Rodolfo Lobos
Zamora said, ..To the extent that a civilian
government will enable us to obtain aid,
we are pleased, but that is not to say the
Army will dissapear."
Regardless of who wins the runoff, the
army will remain in control of the Ministry of Defense, all the counterinsurgency
programs, and the civil patrols in which
90,000 Guatemalan men and boys have
been conscripted and face death if they
refuse to participate.
See ELECTIONS, page 4
High school students from throughout Fresno at the Chicano Youth Conference
eve prepares for conference
workshops, as well as a career fa ir. At this
moment the tentative guest speaker is
Rodolfo Acuna, a professor and author
Chicanos helping Chicanos, that's the at U.C. Berkeley.
whole idea behind the Chica no Youth
The workshops will be on a variety of
conference (C.Y.C.) which is ~ponsored subjects to tailor the students needs. The
partly by Fresno State students.
career fair will expose Chicanos to different
The C.Y.C. is a subc omm ittee of- opportunities available to them which
M. E. Ch.A. who sponsors this annual event they otherwise would not have known
in the hopes of increasing the chicano about.
population in post secondary education.
The C.Y.C. is successfully progressing
Richard Santana, chairman of the C. Y. C. at this moment. Much hard work and
believes that the conference "helps and hours have been put into planning this
motivates students to atttend college and event, but the result is much worth the
also career alternatives."
effort. There are approximately fifteen
This year the C. Y.C. will be held on active members who have participated in
January 17, 1986. The conference will the planning, as well as others whose time
include a prominantChicano guest speaker, and effort does not go unap preciated.
By Lourdes Espinosa
Staff Writer
1
" I believe that the Oiicano minority
could become a majority here at Fresno
State," said Margaret Sandoval, a freshman at Fresno State, and member of
the C.Y.C.
This year the C.Y.C. is hoping to have
its largest attendance. ApproximatelyI 500-2000 students are expected to attend
the conference.
Fresno State's C.Y .C. has been quoted
in the past by college fair representatives
as "the biggest in the state." No other
C.Y.C. in Califo rnia has such a high
attendance as Fresno State's.
"We hope to be successful in our goals.
providing high school students with know-
ledge, as well as a fun experience." saic
Santana.
Drop out: Guidance needed
By Elaine Montejano
course requirements as well as the college
entrance requirements. Many times students will skips and fall even further behind in.
You can find them in low-paying jobs, their classes.
Another reason for leaving school is
on the streets, or just about anywhere; they
are high school drop outs.
because students want to work. Sometimes
There is an overwhelming dropout they want to start earning their own living,
problem in California, and the current or find that they must help support their
laws are ineffective in keeping kids in families' income.
Thirdly, 30% of Hispanic .girls quit
school. Hispanics have a 45% dropout
rate, which is the highest rate of any other school because they get pregnant during
group. Blacks come in second with a 41 % high school and don't make it through
dropout rate, and many of these teens their graduation.
never reach the 10th grade.
Due to their lack of education, many
According to research on the public dropouts will find themselves in unskilled
school system and Assemblywoman Gloria low-paying jobs if they find work at all.
Molina, there are three principal reasons Some will go on welfare, and still others
as to why these students leave school. For will commit crimes. Most of these teens
one, they are not getting a good education. simply disregard the compulsory school
They receive poor grades in sometimes attendance law, which requires persons
overcrowded classrooms, and are often under 18 to be in school. Some employers
enrolled in remedial courses. In addition violate child labor laws by hiring student~
to this, they may fail to meet the district without work permits. Unfortunately, enfoStaff Writer
rcement of these laws is not a top priority
in some probation departments and courts.
\
Therefore, Assemblywoman Molina and
other Assembly members are taking action
to solve the California dropout problem.
They are proposing to strengthen the
public's awareness, and enforce attendance
laws. Upgrading the quality of high schools
and expandi•ng academic guidance services
are _o ther priorities: In addition, they want
to provide guides for the improvement of
the continuation schools, as well as funds
for adult education.
California has a long way to go before
its dropout problem will be solved. It
takes a large amount of time, money, and
careful planning to keep kids in school.
"The dropouts 1 know just don't do well in
school. They say they don't need it. It's
sad ," said Renee Aparicio, a senior at
Clovis High School.
Chicano Latino Student ·Association .
A vehicle for expression
its most publicized meeting on November 13. the acn1evement awards banquet was
A variety of topics were brought up and ill}portant to have on campus.
discussed by all those who attended the
•• Although we will not hold the banquet
The Chicano-Latino Student Associa- meeting.
this semester, a celebration in recognition
tion (CLSA), whose primary goal is to
Tomas Arcienega, the President of CSU, of the organization will be held," said
address student issues on and off campus Bakersfield, who is currently the Chair of Tovar.
has hit the CSUF campus.
the Commission of Hispanics in Educa...The Chicano-Latino Student AssociaThc founders of this new organization tion, as well as a doctorial candidate from tion seems promising and rewarding to
include, Robert Castorena, president, Stanford University, whose name is yet to students here on campus. Their primary
Danny Chacon, vice president, and Law- · be announced, are just a few of the pros- emphasis is on the Chicano-Latino Sturence Tovar, sergeant at arms of CLSA.
pective speakers that may appear.
dent Body, but there is an open door to
According to Castorena, "CLSA will
CLSA is planning to hold an achieve- anyone who wants to contribute to the
provide a forum that will serve as a vehicle ment awards banquet next semester to association," said Richard Patlan, one of
for the expression and promotion of honor Chicano-Latino students who excell the members of CLSA.
Chicano-Latino student interest."
in academics and leadership.
CLSA will hold their meetings every
The Chicano-Latino Association held
Those students who did attend felt that Monday at 2:00 in the College Union.
By Sara Laris
Staff Writer
~:~:d~om page MAPA
1
president of Fresno County MAPA.
Quintana said that after those members
left MAPA they began forming committees which delt with very important issues
in the community and were very active in
them. The committees that were formed
were not a part of any specific organization, instead they were very similar to an
AD-HOC committee.
Quintana along with the ex-members of
Fresno MAPA gathered on several occasions and expressed an interest in forming a
new organization. "Much consideration
as to the name of the organization was
given, but most of the members who did
leave MAPA were long term Mapistas
and felt loyalties toward MAPA, and we
wanted the state umbrella. Our purpose is
to prioritize issues, and be involved with
county and supervisory people, if we did
not have the state umbrella we would only
be an AD-HOC committee that would not
have any juice, so we decided to form
another chapter of MAP A in Fresno,"
said Quintana.
"The Fresno community is large, and as
Fresno County MAPA we will take on
issues 'in both the rural and urban area,''
said Quintana.
"I believe there is plenty of room for
both of us . There are approximately
150,000 Chicanos in the Fresno community. There is no way that one MAPA can
deal with all those people in an effective
way," said Quintana.
The members of Fresno County MAPA
have maintained low key because they are
not an official sanctioned chapter. However, Quintana is very optimistic about
being chartered. He went on to say that
"there should not be a problem as far as
being chartered is concerned if we are
dealing strictly with the bv-laws. According to the by-laws, we are required to send
in money for J5 members as well as our
slate of officers and by-laws to the state in
order to get chartered. We have already
done what is required."
Quintana said, ''We are reaching out to
by-laws. However, changes in terms of the
recruited from the county think that it is
great that we have taken notice of their
area."
According to Quintana, Fresno MAPA's
by-laws were used as a model for their
by-laws. However.changes in terms of the
duties of the vice president were made.
"We will be adding a third vice president
to our by-laws who will deal exclusively
with county affairs. We have also modified the members at large to three positions, the third will be reserved for a college student," said Quintana.
Quintana wrote a letter to the long term
Mapistas as a courtesy to let them know
what was going on because he was not
sure as to what kind of information they
were getting.
"One of the first things that we want to
do once we get chartered is have an issues
forum to really assess what the issues are
jn Fresno County. For example. we may
choose to take on three issues," said Quintana, but we will work to get them resolved.
Although Fresno County MAPA will
deal with long term issues in the community, it will have a committee set up to monitor anything that surfaces. "We will not let
issues that are of political consequence to
our community pass us by," said Quintana.
.. We don't have to be silent anymore,
alot of times when we have had a Chicano
running for something we have always
heldourselvesbackonimportantissuessuch as the bilingual ballot, because we
didn't want the majority upset with our
candidate. There is always alot of tiptoing when the primary focus is electorial
politics," added Quintana.
"We do not want to hurt the other
MAPA (Fresno) in anyway, and nor do
we perceive o'urselves to be in a competition. We hope to work with the other
MA PA at certain times after we are chartered, but until then, Virginia Sanchez,
president of Fresno MAPA intends to·
fight our chartering," said Quintana.
"They do what they do well, and we'll try
to do well in what we do, hopefully the
community can benefit and we will get
twice as much done in the area of issues
and electorial politics."
On November 8, 1985 Fresno County
MAPA held its first fund raiser. The money
that was ra1sea was used to send its
m•·mbers to ~acramento to present their
case (charter) to the state executive board
of MAPA. Fresno Couoty MAPA wanted
to facilitate the opportunity for students
and low income members to go to Sacramento on November t6 and 17.
A private executive board meeting was
held with Virginia Sanchez on November
16 in Sacramento where they discussed
the issue of a new chapter in Fresno. Beatriz Molina, statewide president of MAP A
t
advised Quintana to take the charter to be
approved by the region.
Quintana along with several members
of Fresno County MAP A will be going to
the region. "Chances of being chartered
by the beginning of next month look real
good," said Quintana.
"We believe that our own deeds will be
wh~t sells us and not what we say," said
Quintana.
.
Literature
=
,BY Ronald L. Avila
'Contributing Writer
l
My everyday life surrounding's witness the five senses enhanced :
by my existence as a Chicano. The senses of sight, taste, touch,
smell, and .....
c
:
My Sound
:
The crowing of the rooster awakens the morning sun
The honking of the car horn, the slamming of the screen door.
t The whistle of grinding diesels of the north bound train
The honk of the ever watchful neighborhood goose.
t The second shrill blast of the alarm clock
The melodic voice of Carlos Guzman so cheerful, so early.
dripping of the Brew Starter coffee maker
The sharp click of the distant bathroom door.
t The
.•The flushing of the toilet, the running of hot water
The tapping of the toothbrush, the gargling of water.
t The whining of the blow dryer, the slap cologne
The first word ...
The crackling of cho.rizo, the sizzling of eggs
1
The pounding of the palote, the slurping of hot coffee.
The banging of the refrigerator door
The shuffling of the newspaper, the bolting of the front door.
:
DEBATE
Continued fr&m page 1·
allowed to function .
Orozco said that "There isn't a single
bilingual program in California, New
Mexico, Texas or Colorado without English being it's main objective. Bilingual
education simply enables minorities to
learn English with the help of their native
language."
In addition to this, Orozco said that
bilingual education brings forth the issue
of teachers being able to empathize with
bilingual speaking children,"
Despite the preceeding statement Hiakawa restated that "millions of others had
gone without the assistance of biling..1al
education, yet learned the language.
However, Dr. Orozco said that "the
large percent who were left to fend for
themselves , prior to the introduction of
bilingual education, showed
50-70%
dropout rate.
There are many opjections to bilingual.,
Ed. but with the increases in minority drop
out rates, and the influx of many more
immigrants entering the country, . one can
agree that it is far wiser to support a svstem which will decrease the problem of
illiteracy and the communication gap than
to knock it with misconceptions.
a
NOTES FROM
LAVOZ
Chicano-Latino Students Who
are interested in applying for
the layout position of La Voz,
please call 294-2486 and
speak to the editor.
ELECTIONS
Continued from page 3
According to US Secretary to the Treasury James Baker, "the United States fully
Guatemala's democratization pr: supports
cThe 1 oar of a low-rider passing by, the honking of horns
ocess."
None of the candiates have addressed
The thumping of tires on the pavement.
the
killings and disappearances carried
The reviving of engines at a stop light
out by the army and security forces . Since
The grinding of brakes, the slamming of car doors.
1954., 38,000 have "disappeared."
IJ.e..elections offer no solutions to the
countries
severe economic crisis and wides'The clanking of barbells against each other echo-in the hall
pread poverty.
Th
·
f1
·
h h ff}"
f
e voices o earnmg, t e s u mg o papers never cease.
Eighty percent of the Guatemalan popu. : The loud and blaring "rock" drowning out quiet conversation.
. lation lives in poverty (on less than $300
The opening and closing of binders the rustling of a class ended.· 4 per year), and over 80% of all children
under the age of five suffer from some
'
form of malnutrition.
Four percent of the landholders own
=The clanging of pots and pans, the ringing of the order bell
70%
of the arable land.
The hissing of frijoles boiling over, the rattling of dishes.
In a country where so much land has
The scream because of a burnt hand, the popping of hot manteca become consentrated in the hands of a few
lihe talking and laughing of clientes, the humming of fans.
: and used for export crops while combined
unemployment are 50% and 41% of the
total population are landless, a solution to
l The blaring of the television, the voices across the alley
the countries widespread poverty calls for
land reform.
The drifting of guitar and accordion music in the air.
"fhe big landowners have the military
The crying of a baby, the wailing of a viejita
on their side and the presidential candit The click of the light switch.
dates know it.
As Christian Democrat Vinicio Cerezo
Th I t
d
put it, "I cannot advocate agrarian reform
· e as wor ···
'td~lt=~="====:N.aa===M=::=:::;;14=:===-~===="====:;N;==="==J-i because it would not be tolerated by the
military."
The election offers no possible solutions to the country's economic, political,
and social crisis, because three more impo■
rtant political forces operating in the
country will not be affected just by elecBy Paloma Semllla
for suggestions of the name of the school. tions. These are the military-oligarchy
Staff Writer
Several names were submitted before alliance, the peasant resistance, and the
us.
Hidalgo was chosen.
The state department will be inefective
Miguel Hidalgo Elementary School,
Relocatable classroom building, and an
named after the father of Mexico's lnde- office trailor house sit on the dirt grounds in pushing for reforms that will address
pendance, opened its doors to neiborhood which will someday be made into a base- the social conditions that make a revolution inevitable, because even if it tries to
children on September 16, Mexican fnde- ball field and play yard.
pendence Day. Jt is the first school in the
The school was set up on the corner of do so (which is doubtful with this AdminFresno Unified School District to be First and Tyler in order to accomodate istration), increased economic and milnamed after a prominent Mexican .
neighborhood children who would 0th- itary aid will only strengthen the oligarchv
Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811), was a erwise be bussed outside their area to that will nevet give up its privileged position as long as it has US support, and will
M~x~can priest and revolutionist helping other schools.
gam mdependence against France.
The Principal of Hidalgo Elementary strengthen the bloodthirsty military that
The original plans for the school's name School said that out of 550 students who will never allow a peaceful alternative to a
was Lewis. Avenue Elementary School. were currently enrolled in the school, 589f revolution that may prove to be more horT~e school board members changed their are s. E. Asian, 30% His panic, and l 2o/c rible than the one currently sponsored by
'he US in El Salvador.
minds and asked the community members are Blacks and ' Anglos.
School-named after
M ex IC an hero