La Voz de Aztlan, November 4 1982
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, November 4 1982
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
11/4/1982
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00145
extracted text
La Voz De Aztlan
Thursday
This statue is part of a major exhibition created between 500 B.C. and 1500 A.O.
that will be shown at the Fresno Arts Center located in Radio Park from November
9th through December 29. See story on page 6.
.... 2
November 4, 1982
LaVozDeAdlall
Chicano Library Needed
A Chicano library is needed at Califronia State University. The Chicano
section should be located within the
regular library, consisting of a room
large enough to house books relating
to Chicanos and study areas for students wishing to use the library for
research and/or study. The Chicano
library should offer research papers,
pamphlets, newspapers and cultural
exhibits dealing with the Chicano/ Mexicano.
There are projections that by the
year 2000, Chicanos will be the majority in California. Studies are being done
and books written just as quickly as our
population is expanding. But the library
Administration fails to acknowledge
the tremendous Chicano growth. As a
consequence, many valuable Chicano
publications go unnoticed while others
are scattered amongstthe endless shelves
of books. A Chicano library would
solve these problems by centralizing
Chicano publications. In addition, patrons
of the Chicano library would be in a
qualified positon to suggest publications that need to be purchased.
Other advantages of a Chicano library
include: increased useage of the regular library by Chicano students; the
donation of important Chicano publications by La Raza faculty, students and
the Fresno community; a location where
all students can go to increase their
understanding of Chicanos; and recognition
of the Chicano/Mexicano impact in
California and throughout the United
States.
CHICANO LIBRARY
0
The idea of a Chicano library is not
unique to the Califronia State University System. Successful Chicano libraries
have been implemented at CSU Dominguez
Hills and San Diego State University.
The idea of a Chicano library at
CSUF was brought up by the faculty of
La Raza studies approximately two
years ago. It was unsuccessful for a
variety of reasons. These reasons were:
The insensitivity _of the library administration, the CSUF administration was in
transition; there was no student or
community support; and the issue was
not pursued enough by the faculty of La
Raza studies.
But if Chicanos want their own library,
it could become a reality rather than
just an idea. There is no doubt that a
Chicano library is needed at CSUF.
The benefits are endless.
La Voz calls on all Chicano organizations, on campus and in the community, to make this issue their number
one priority.La Voz also calls on all
Chicano students who don't belong t~
an organization t·• meet and express
theirsupport of a Chic~no library. Additionally, all students should be ready to
take appropiate action when and if
asked for by the "coalition for a Chicano library."
La Voz Staff
MSS Holds Press Conference
By Bobby Rodriguez
In the wake of the recent clash between
pro-and anti-Khomeini supporters, . representatives of the Moslem Student Society
(MSS) held a press conference recently.
Vatandost stressed the significance of
such attacks on anti-Khomeini supporters
by holding up a MSS newspaper reporting
similar incidences. He also said groups
such as Amnesty International and the
National Council of Churches are well
aware of the excutions in Iran and the
imprisonment o( political prisoners.
Spokesmen for the anti-Khomeini group,
Javad Vatandost ,Abdi Hosseini and Mostafa
Forrossan i, told reporters of MSS's
efforts to "expose the inhumane nature of
Khomeini and inform the people of the
"A top mullah has been sent to he U.S.
world about the popular resistance led by to carry out Khomeini's reign of terror,"
the People's Mojahedin against the Khomeini Vatandost said. In a press release given
regime."
out by MSS, the mullah is reported to be
lna prepared statement read by Vantandost, directing activities against Khomeini'soppostion
"paid agents of Khomeini have attacked in this country and "especially against
many students who oppose the regime, student supporters of the Mojahedinwith chains, clubs, knives, and even handguns the major opposition to Khomeini with
killing several and wounding many more." Iran."
The statement also contains 68 separate
"He has closed the Universities, how
reported cases of "attacks" against "progres- can a regime be popular and yet close the
sive Iranian students" in the U.S. in the Universities," Vatandost asked. "Its because
past two years. The report did not include the students are against him,"Vantandost
the two most recent clashes in Berkeley replied
on Oct. 19and at Fresno State on Oct. 22.
According to news sources, eight proKhomeini Iranian nationals were arrested
last Friday, only one of whom is a student
at Fresno State. Six of the eight are from
outside the Fresno area.
Vatandost commented that he and
other Iranian students, who are speaking
out against Khomeini, are afraid to go
back to Iran for fear of harm being done to
them or their families.
"I will definitely try to stay here as long as
Khomeini is in power," Vatandost added.
"We want to tell the American people
that Khomeini is not representative of Iranian
people, he has no respect for the Iranian
pepople," Javad continued, "We want
people not to stereotype Iranian people,
we are different, we want democracy."
The spokesman did not ask for U.S. aid
to over throw the regime, but asked for
the withdrawal of support for Khomeini
see
MSS o~ page 8
Though usually just active participants
at previous conferences, CSUF'S MEChA
this year will be putting on three workshops. All three are being presented by
two former MEChA presidents and the
current president, Maggie Castro. The
workshOJ?S will be : "Chicano Solidarity
with the People of Latin America," by
Gerardo Gonzalez, MEChA president 1981-82;
" Why the Coors Boycott Should Continue," by Lily Martinez, MEChA president 1980-81; and "Effect of Financial
Crises on Minority Students," Maggie
Castro.
Other workshops to be presented by
other campuses will include: "Immigration," "Chicanos on the Draft and Nuclear
War," and "Coalition to End Barrio Warfare"a very hot issue of great concern among
Chicanos today.
ME ChA
Conference
The 1982 Fall MEChA Stat~wide Conference will be held at Bakersfield College
on Sat. Nov. 6 and Sun. Nov. 7.
"Querer es Poder," will be this seasons
theme. Mechistas from every university
and community college throughout California have been invited to attend.
MEChA extends its invitation to students on campus wishing to attend. They
will be leaving the CSUF campus Sat.
Nov. 6 at 6 a.m. There is no registration
fee. If interested in attending, contact the
La Raza Studies Department at 294-2848.
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La Voz De Aztlan
I Page
6
Pre-Columbian Art Displayed
#HOMAGE TO THE SACRED". is an
exhibition of ancient clay _sculputure ~rom
what is now central Mexico. The obJects
re pre-Columbian, created before
Europeans entered the New World. Their
ages range from five hundred to twentyfive hundred years, and they were made
by artists from diverse cultures. Since
these cultures share many common
features, they have been grouped to
get her into what is referred to as a culture
area. That area is known as Mesoamerica.
Three chronological periods are represented: pre-Classic, Classic and post
Classic. The typical sculptures of the preClassic era are small solid figures represented in this exhibition by the styles
of Tlatilco and Chupicuaro. Such figures
were produced by the thousands over
much of Mesoamerica and seem to have
been primarily funerary pieces for burial
with the dead. The interpretation of these
figures reamins conjectual. During the
latter part of the pre-Classic period, West
Mexico was the scene of some unique
burial activities. Deep shaft tombs were
created in what are now the states of
Nayarit, Jalisco and Colima. Sculptures
from these tombs highlight this show,
ranging in style from northern (Nayarit)
emphasis on painted and sculptured
detail to southern (Colima) preference for
monochromatic finish and palin volumes.
The Classic Period was marked by
increased ceremonial activities, urbanization and the presence of a majority of
the cultural items diagnostic to Mesoamerica. Some of the most elaborately
detailed sculpture was made during this
era. Human effigies can be recognized as
shamans, individuals with the capacity of
traveling between the land of the living
and the netherworld, protecting the living
and dead from evil and disease. Animals
;
Chronology
. ,
West Mexko
-·Late
Central fdnko
CuUCout
Ml1dec
Az.tec
Postdusk
Oauca
lSOO
..
Early
Tokec
Postdaesk
I
Lat~ ClaHic
.,
.. ,_ - -
--·
~
hrly Classic
Nayaril • J.1Uec;o
t>rotocl.ulc
Shaft-Chamber
Toml>t
Collma
I
1000
Hua.tee
Tajtn
Nopjloa
Teotihuac:an
Z.potac
500
I
---
'
A.O.
...
8.C.
latt
500
Pr«la,alc
-----
----·
MIJdlc
Chupkuaro
.. ,.c1...,('
Tiattko
1000
'
such as gophers, armadillos, and dogs are
more than charming grave objects. They
were apparently intended as guides,
protectors and messengers serving in the
afterlife.
_ During the post-Classic period warfare
increased in Mesoamerica. This exhibition illustrates this with warrior figures
in T oltec and Aztec styles. Examples of
the latter are quite rare. The rarity of
Aztec cl,iy sculpture is probably due to its
subject matter. In addition to warriors,
Aztec priests and deities were also
protrayed. Since these themes were
considered threatening by the Spanish
priests attempting to convert the Indians
to Christianity, they destroyed the
images.
Interpreting pre-Columbian art is both
exciting and frustrating. The excitement
comes from using eloquently sculptured
clay objects as vehicles to help understand a way of life that existed centuries
ago. The frustration lies in knowing that
often the meaning of the object may be
forever out of reach.
Mesoamerican people paid homage to
the sacred earth. They interred their dead
within its confines and gave offerings to it.
These ranged from human sacrifice to
mainiature effigies and exotic materials.
To judge by the care of its creation and
interment, their most precios and enduring offering was their sculpture.
Brow..n Appoints Rios
Angie Rios could be a role model for
students, At 28 years of age, she already
has a number of achievements to show
for her community involvement, including
her newest task, San Joaquin Valley liason for Gov. Jerry Brown.
But Rios quickly points out that others
should be praised instead of her.
"We've had a lot of real good people to
open doors for us," she said of the many
Chicano achievers, including Leo Gallegos and Gloria Molina. "Give credit where
credit is due, she added.
Sitting in her sparsely decorated office,
on the forth floor of the State Building,
Rios explained that it was years of involvement in community activities and politics that led to her present post.
She said she first became active in politics at her Kerman high school. Rios continued her involvemnt at CSUF, where
she served as senator at large for two
years.
But despite her interest in politics, she
majored in sociology.
"I took a real interest in political science,"
she said, "but I guess it was sociology I
wanted to go into. It has helped my ability
to work with people."
She said she spends about 80 percent
of her time dealing with the public, and
hearing their complaints and that backgound comes in handy.
She said no one has harassed her or
questioned her ability to . do the job
because she is a Chicana or a woman.
"'I think some people may disagree with
Gov. Brown, but it's the position that I'm
sure people would respect."
Rios said she has not stopped being
involved since taking her post in July
when Leo Gallegos resigned to work on
Brown's senatorial campaign.
She said that her community involvement does not conflict with her job for the
governor because she is able to separate
the two.
"After eight and five, what ever I do is
on my own time."
While not outwardly criticizing student
apathy, Rios did say she wished more
students were involved on campus.
Rios attributed part of the cause for
student non-involvement to the economy.
"Students ar€ just trying to find way to
eat," she said, "let alone get involved with
other things that may not have an impact
on them directly." She said students can
help themselves or choose to help others.
Mosqueda Joins KFSR Staff
Senior radio-television major, Gilbert
Mosqueda, was recently appointed Public
Affairs Director for KFSR, the new FMradio station on campus which l;>egan
operations last Saturday. As Director
Mosquedaoverseesfourteendifferentprograi11.S,
About three years ago, Fresno State
was one of a few campuses in the state
without a radio station," Mosqueda said.
A majority of funding for the station
comes from the AS., and additional monies
will come from listener subscriptions and
sponsor underwritings.
KFSR is a public non-commercial station
that offers a progressive music format, a
fresh new approach to your stereo, unlike
larger commercialized stations that play
only a certain number of artists such as
the T op-20. In addition the station will
covernewsandsportsshows,broadcasting
seven days as week from 6:00 a.m. to 1:00
a.m.
"The staton plays jazz, reggae, rock-nroll, R&B, New Wave-progessive music
from groups that don't receive as much
air play as other more popular artists,"
Mosqueda said. "KFSR is out to change
the listeneing habits of Fresnans and
people in the surrounding area. Fresno
.has been waiting for a station like this for a
long time, and we have finally arrived!"
including Minority Perspective, Consumer
Awareness, and Campus Issues in Debate.
"The station will use five to ten minute
inserts within their regular music broadcasting so as to keep listeners," noted
While in college, Rios served on the
Mosqueda. "Not too many stations utilize
staff of LaVoz and eventually became
this method. Instead they have longer talk
,
shows that often turn listeners to other
editor. "The newspaper used to bea real stations," he continued.
big voice for us, as far as the campus," she "I want to emphasize to campus organisaid. She was also involved with MEChA zations that this would be an excellent
during this time.
-· opportunity for them to get some air time
"You can get involved in so many for an upcoming event or issue," Mosqueda
organizations and spread yourself thin."
stressed.
Rios said that her job as liaison ends
"It's exciting to finally turn FM after
when the governor finishes his term. She nearly three years as a carrier current.
said she has made no definite plans for the Before the station only broadcasted to
future, but she is thinking about going dorms' and other buildings on cmapus,"
back to school to get her master's degree Mosqueda stated. Many people organized,
in Public Affairs before HI get too old, she and after long hours of preparation, KFSR 90.7 FM
joked.
grew into a 350-watt station which covers
She said that working on Brown's 1980 all of Fresno and Clovis.
presidential campaign made her think
more seriously about a career in politcs.
"It was a real good oportunity for me to
learn on a national level, Rios said. "I just
Correction
really enjoyed the people, working with
the public.,.
- Las Adelitas meet on Fridays at
Rios was not sure whether she would
12:CXl noon to 1::00 pm, not on Tues•
eventually run for office, but said she did
.days at 2:00 pm as appeared on the
want to continue working in politics.
cfut. 22nd issue. The place of meet'Td like to end up in Sacramento or
ing varies.
Washington, somewhere in the legislative
system," Rios concluded. "I'd like to get
that type of experience.,.
H
H
by Laura Hernandez
The High School Equiualency .Program (HEP) is an educational program for
migrant and seasonal farmworkers. It is funded by the United_ Sta~es Departn:ient
of Education. The Fresno (HEP) program is loca_ted on the Calif':,rnra State University Fresno campus and is one of fourteen high school equ,valency programs
nationwide. In the West Coast there are three other (HEP) programs, located in
Stockton Ca. Eugene, Oregon and Seattle, Wash.
The se~ice~ that (HEP) provides are adult basic education (ABE), English as a
Second Language (ESL), study skills, instruction for the High School equivalency
examination (GED), career education, college preparation, counseling, and placement services. The program's ultimate goal is to place its participants in either skills
training programs, armed services or, preferable, colleges or universities. The latter
is encouraged greatly, but their choices and capabilities are considered.
The elgibility requirements for all participants are that the student must be at
/east seuenteen years of age, a high school drop-out, and from a low-income
farmworking family. Participants from the program are mainly recruited from the
San Joaquin Valley, Imperial Valley and the Central Coast areas. Housing, located
in apartments, near the CSUF campus, is provided for all (HEP) participants.
Students also receive a CSUF meal card, student activity card and in addition, can
earn a stipend of up to $14.50 per week.
What makes the (HEP) program so unique is that the individual instruction that is
given capitalizes on prior knowledge. This is what makes it so effective when
preparing students for the GED examinations.
The length of the program can range from one month to six months, depending
upon their entry skills level and how fast they advance. Furthermore, the (HEP)
progrm strives to provide students with new ideas and possibilities for the future
and to promote greater personal development, e.g. maturity, self-confidence,
responsibility, communication skills and independence. The program hopes that
students will acquire a sense of feeling that they can succeed.
The daily schedule of (HEP) students begins at 8:00 for a morning meeting. This is
where general information is given to all students. Following are four one-hour
periods, then one hour lunch and ending with two more hour periods at 3:00 p.m.
On Mondays and Wednesdays at 3:30 to 4:30 all students have physical education.
On Tuesday and Thursday they have clean-up at that same time. Clean-up
consists of thier apartments as well as the school building. From 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.,
on Mondays through Thursdays, all students have study hall. This is the time to do
the daily homework that is assigned. Their day ends at 11 :00 p.m . when apartment
check is done and all lights must go off, except on Fridays and Saturdays when they
are checked at 1:00 a.m. All students live a very structured life, but it's the only way
to aim them towards their goals.
The classes offered in the program consists of reading, writing, science, social
studies, and math. These are all areas from the GED examination, plus study skills
and career skills classes. Generally students who need additonal help in a certain
drea, will have more than one period to strengthen the weaker area.
'
U(
Their personal allowance of $14.50 a week is earned by their overall performance. All students have set behavioral standards, which must be followed, e.g.,
come prepared to work productively with proper materials. Punctuality, along i.µith
attendance, is included in their guidelines. Failure to foilow the HEP guidelines
allows the instructors or counselors to initiate marks~against them. If a student
receives 4 or 5 marks, $1.00 wil be deducted from their allowance. Being absent one
day will reduce $2.00 from the allowance.
The HEP program also provides extracurricular activities for students in which
staff members participate. These extracurricular activities include such things as
recreational outings general HEP functions.
The HEP program sets guidelines for tutors, in which a contract must be signed
stipulating certain terms and conditons for placement e.g. keep the agreed upon
schedule for tutoring, regular attendance, etc. In return a tutor will gain experience
and knowledge about methods and materials teaching basic skills to students who
preuious/y haue not been successful in school. Regular CSUF students who would
like to be tutors in HEP can receive three units of college credit by taking La Raza
studies 145.
The HEP program has had excellent results. In the 1981-1982 school year, there
were 149 participants. From these participants 102 graduated, passing the GED
examination. Out of those who graduated, 44 continued their education, enrolling
in colleges, 29 sought employment, 16 went to various training programs and 2
joined the armed services.
With outstanding results like these, one can see the need for this type of program.
I strongly believe that this program is extremely important in that it gives the
drop-out student, who had had migrant/ farmworking backgrpund, a second opportunity
to be successful in life. Too often low-income migrant/Jarmworkingfamilies are the
victims of an oppressive society, which
becomes a continuous cycle with few euer hauing an opportunity to escape it. Schools
Jail to acknowledge the problems these students face, (both academic and financial). Very little in the schools seerr:is to stimulate or encourage these students to
continue their education, resulting-in a high drop-out rate among chicanos.
It is programs likeHEP that give the excluded students another opportunity to
have a better tomorrow. HEP has proven it can be done!
HEP Gradaatee, October 29,
/
School, What Is It?
Loneliness ·
Watching, waiting, listening
people breathing
sounds of joy
The heart pounding
we are in a classroom.
Writing, reading, wondering,
tomorrow
What of tomorrow?
Who will know?
School
Is it for this?
for looks:
To learn or appreciate?
Someone must know!
.
ton
The silence
a barrier between you and sound
The silence
look about you, its all around
The past now like the present
remembering, remembering
your life, your breath
feels like ending, its fading
Writings on walls
desks and books
f-
Everyone has le/t
yet their voices still remain.
this has happened in the past
and is happening again.
The cool damp chill
penetrates your body
your shiver, you stir
yet the warmth, does not arise.
Research and more homework
it shall soon be done.
It shall be soon, be over
Think of the many years,
in life to come
and that will pass
Who can calm you,
who indeed?
No one around you
and no one near.
Who, who indeed?
This is school
to learn, to achieve.
Let's take pride,
Lets learn and progress
Loneliness go home!
and fear let me be!
I look, I wonder
but its still
loneliness and me.
por Efrain Ponce
por Efrain Ponce
"Tu Eres Para Mi"
Con este amor dentro de mi
podremos bailar este mundo,
Podremos vivir toda una eternidad
y nunca tocar el suelo,
Tontaremos tiempo para v~lar
sobre. las estrellas, hacia un
lugar sin· rincon,
Y el amor con su luz
brilla sobre nuestros
cuerpos para siempre ...
para siempre ...
Por Ramon Roman
~t, Hector Torres, Car•
'\CUllon Roman, Ernesto
Aguilar and Marcano Lira.
Photo by Maria Perez
puro Hep Y que
November 4, 1982
Page3
Ybarra Discusses Chicana Roles
By LEA YBARRA
Mexican and Chicana women have
For example, one of the first feminists
been depicted in American movies and of the American continent was Josefaliterature as passive, weak women who Ortiz de Dominguez who participated in
are not only forced into this type of situa- Mexico's fight for independence from
tion, but who also accept and sometimes Spain. When she was arrested and threaeven like their position.
tened with death, she stated:
They have been characterized as being
"It would be an honor to shed my blood
at the other extreme of the Mexican male before these young men (the soldiers), to
who is depicted as being overly dominant. teach them how a woman can die in
But is this a realistic portrayal of Chicana defense for her ideals."
women or is it a mythology that has be~n
This type of feminist involvement also
developed and perpetuated because of a continued during the Mexican revolution.
tack of awareness of the tremenduosly As Frederick Turner documents, many
important historical and contemporary women were at the front lines, fighting in
roles that Chicana women have played? direct combat and carrying ammunition,
The fact is that strong women have military equipment and medicine. Behind
always been a part of the Mexican culture the lines, women worked as dispatchers
and they have participated in the political, of trains, telegraphers, nurses, pharmaeducational, and economic spheres of cists, reporters, newspaper editors, busitheir communities as well as being a major nesswomen and teachers. Like women in
source of strength within their families. · the U.S., Mexican women in the early
As Marta Cotera has stated:
1900s were also demanding female eman"A Chicana may have arrived from cipation and suffrage rights.
Mexico yesterday, or her ancestor may
Chicana feminist participation in the
have been in the Southwest since 1520 or U.S. also followed the lead of their Mexibefore; her ancestors may have lived in can sisters by maintaining important roles
the Midwest in the 1880's. She may be within their families as well as in ther
rural, urban, poor, middle-class or Ph.D, communties. Maria Hernandez was a
a teacher, a migrant or a doctor. She does Chicana activist and writer who started in
share some basic, and also heterogene- the 1920s. She wrote that "one should act
ous, roots in the development of Indian politically to raise the public consciousand Spanish culture and history. She also ness because this type of effort is owed to
shares the history of involvement and the family, the community and the nation."
participation which has been a way of life This type of philosophy has been adopted
for the Chicana community in the U.S. and nurtured by the thousand of Chicasince 1848.
nas since Maria Hernandez who have
The Mexican/Chicana woman has always continued to be involved in community
striven for self-identity and for the improvement activities.
of her community as a whole, and has a
Chicanas continue to play a very important
long history of being involved in many role in both family and community life and
community acitivities.
they are making contributions in a wide
range of areas. Examples of contemporary Chicanas are Dr. Kathy Flores and
Dr. Carmen De La Rosa, physicians at
Valley Medical Center; Irene Aparicio, a
recreational therapist at Fresno Commuhity Hospital; Hilda Cantu-Montoy,
deputy chief attorney for the city of
Fresno; Dr. Theresa Perez, a CSUF professor; Olivia Chavez, a CSUF counselor;
Bertha Gonzalez, a Pacific College professor; and Josie Mena, a businesswoman
on the State Commission on the Status of
Women.
In addition to women such as these,
you have thousands of Chicanas throughout
the U.S. who are teachers, politicians,
nurses, secretaries and television reporters; they are in non-traditional jobs such
as carpenters, mechanics, electricians and
policewomen; and there are also many
Chicanas in the arts who are musicians,
writers and poets. Chicana artistic expression
is exemplified by the songs of Carmen
Moreno and Vicki Carr, the novels of
Estella Portillo and the poetry of Inez
Hernandez-Tovar.
An example of poetic expression is the
following poem by a Chicana:
"The Sounds and Sights of War"
A bomb explodes; a bazooka fires
A machine gun is heard afar
Buildings ripped open, with windows
broken
And two doors left standing ajar.
Dead men lie in pools of blood
The cry of a homeless child is heard
Th~se were sacrificed for their country
And uttered in protest not a word.
But have you seen a mother's grief
A sweetheares look of fear
When they announce the death of men
And boys they prized so dear
These sounds, these sights
These wasted loves, the tears that were
shed in vain.
Are seen and heard around the world
Where war has left its stain
Someday this will have to end
. These sounds, these sights will seize
Then weapons, people and all free nations
Will stand united in peace.
As indicated by the poem, many Chicanas are concerned with issues that
affect themselves and society in general
and have been historically and comtemporarily involved in efforts to better their
lives and the loves of others. They have
participated in many different activities
and have entered a wide range of professions because they are a diverse group
with differing ideologies and lifestyles. But
whether they are housewives who have
chosen to remain at home, women who
have chosen to develop their careers, or
women who have decided to combine
both roles, a disservice has been done to
all of them by the simplistic, stereotypical
lumping of all Chicanas into a group
where they are uneducated and uninvolved.
This stereotype was never true of all
Chicanas and is certainly not true today.
Chicanas continue to particpate in the
quest for equal job and educational opportunities for themselves and others, and
will soon be joined in their efforts by the
thousands of Chicanas who are graduating from high schools, colleges and universities throughout the country.
(Lea Ybarra received her doctorate in
sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and is currently an associate professor at Fresno State University.)
Central Ameris::an Tensions Escalate
By Pedro Perez
Several dramatic military operations
are taking place in El Salvador and the
surrounding countries that include Honduras and Nicaragua.
Mario Velasquez, a Washington representative for the FDR, Revolutionary Democratic Front, spoke about these
operations to various community memebers Wednesday at the Ted C. Wills
Center. The operation that he spoke of
was the gradual involvement of Honduras
in the civil war of El Salvador. Velasquez
said, "Honduras receives the second
largest military aid (from the U.S.) in the
western hemisphere; El Salvador is the
first."
According to Velasquez, Honduran
troops were used in military operations
on Chalatenango after the March 28 elections when the Salvadorean government
thought they had won political support
from the Salvadorean people.
He also talked of how the war has
become regionalized and of how the FDR
had alerted the U.S. population of this
happening two years ago. Velasquez said
that the FDR is expecting a "Vietnamtype war that is spreading and is strategically conducted."
He said that the recent offensive
launched by the FDR and the FMLN,
Farabundo Marti National Liberation
Front, was prompted by the declaration
made by Thomas Enders, Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-Affairs and
the Salvadorean government that the
guerrillas are losing the war. For the last
eight days they have launched a big offensive with three objectives: 1) to recognize
the second anniversary of the FMLN
formed on Oct. 10, 1980, 2) to respond to
the declarations of Enders and the Salvadorean government, and 3) to test their
military capacity. In five days of combat,
Velasquez said they have confiscated "126
recoilless rifles from the Salvadorean military, ten cannones with 241 projectiles,
and have taken 127 prisoners and shot
down one Huey-type helicopter and two
planes.
According to Velasquez,,.. "This offensive shows that the FMLN is pretty much
alive; it's still strong and there's local support of the population."
El Salvador is not the only country that
is being attacked by Honduran troops.
Velasquez said that Nicaragua has constantly been attacked by soldiers based in
Honduras. He added that these attacks
are from ex-Samocistas being supported
by the United States in bases located in
the Honduran broder.
Mario Velasquez, FDR Representative
The recent military maneuvers between the U.S. and Honduras has resulted
in the building of military bases along the
Nicaragua border.
1
The most recent joint exercise was in
July and lasted for three weeks.
According to a Nicaraguan newspaper,
U.S. pilot s were used to transport planes
from Tegucigalpa, the Honduran capital,
to Puerto Lempira on the Atlantic Coast,
loaded with 1000 Honduran troops and
communication equipment, machine-gun
shells and mortars, and boxes of longrange patrol rations.
_
Nicaragua has suffered several casualties from armed ex-National Guardsmen
that continue to use Honduras as their
main base.
Velasquez said that the armed aggression by the counter-revolutionaries is
escalating into a full scale war in Central
America.
"It sucks," we agreed.
What is the rational behind distributing
monies in small monthly installments?
Don't administrators realize that students
have expenses to meet, too? Or are students
cosidered incapable of handling large sums
of money? What is the real reason for all
the changes?
·
CSUF history is complete with successful
protests, and if that's what it takes to
make administrators aware of our plight,
then that is what we'll do.
It is inconceivable that the university
instated the current distribution system.
The first blow will come at noon Friday,
November 5th, when students . rally in
front of the Joyal Administration building,
and with an additional letter-writing
campaign, we will deliver the bureau•
cracy a second shot.
Even for those students who receive
Minority students are dropping out of
school as fast as they enrolled, and unless
drastic measures are taken, they will continue
We continued to talk, and both of us to do so. Just as Chicanos ten years ago
complained bitterly of the distribution fought to remain on campus, we must
system and overall reductions implemented again unite under one body to march and
by the Reagan Administration (vomit!).
declare our due justice.
$200.00 a month it is difficult to survive,
And if that does not work, we will
continue marching, yelling louder, and
writing more leters, until we succeed.
NICARAGUA
.
Sluetields
Viewpoint
By Larry Banales
As I stood in line the other day to
receive my financial aid, I spoke with a
student next to me, and he told me his
allocation was only $66.00 a month. At
first I thought he was joking and quest•
ioned him. In all seriousness he said,
"No, that's it."
I thought to myself, "How do administrators expect a student to survive on
$66.00 per month?"
It was completely unbelieveable.
much less for others who collect $66.00.
The
administration
has made some serious decisions, and it is
up to the student body to ensure that they
realize the effects its policies have taken
on us.
.,...
La Voz De Aztlaa / P~ge i
November 4, 1982
Caring for your canine
They call him man's best friend, but
are you always his? I'm sure many of
you own your own pets, but maybe
we don't always know what's best for
them. Pets need just as much loving
care as you do. did you ever notice
how their face brightens up as you
pet them, or acknowledge their presence? They depend on you to care for
them and love them. Pet care includes
grooming, healthcare, and most important
loving care.
Dog's aren't human, but in many
ways we treat them as such. If you
really think about it, dogs-have already
achieved a human role; we talk to
them! We've developed special drugs
and practice veterinary medicine. We
have for them sweaters, coats, jewelry
studded collars, dog cemetaries and
doghouses. There are even pet mink
coats designed in New York. How's
that for status! Buying your pets new
clothes is rewarding They'll be overjoyed at the addditon to their wardrobe. Pet owners all over the country strive to please their pet with new
beds, biscuits, and "I Love My German Shepard" buttons. Pets have
also made business boom; remember
RCA 's "Nipper"? Sitting by a phonograph, he made his way to fame and
fortune. Then there was Lassie, Petie,
Rin Tin Tin, Boomer, and so on ....
Never underestimate the power of
the pups, and next time you call
someone a dog, consider it a compliment.
Pets are loving, caring, protective,
and loyal. They're cute, cuddly, and
curious, attacking their tails and anything that moves. So, now you're
convinced and want to get a dog.
Well, before you run out to the pet
store, there are a few things you
ought to know, starting with a little
advice and knowledge of pet care.
It is very important to find a dog to
wanted to be in the position to help on you for their wll being. Other pet
fit your life style. For example, if you sick and injured animals. The realiza- care tips include:
live in an apartment, a small dog is tion of not being able to save every
preferable. Also, do you have enough animal came into view and holds true 1. Provide a well balanced diet on a
time to care Jor and give attention to in veterinary medicine.
regular schedule.
a small puppy?
Dr. Saiki explains pet care is important
if you want a happy, healthy pet.
According to Dr. Gregory K. Saiki
"Pets aren't self-sufficient." Nutrition 2. Do not give your dogs bones. For
of the Academy Veterinary Clinic, ·
is also very important. In biological example, chicken bones have splin- _
Sanger, pet care is very important.
makeup, "What holds truefor humans, ters and may lodge in their throat.
Dr. Saiki is a graduate of the Class of holds true Jor animals." There are
71". He did graduate work at FSU, many old myths about pets. Didyoueuer ·
then went on to UC Davis to become
find food half spoiled and said, "Give 3. Have fresh water available -always!
a veterinarian. He became interested it to the-dogs." Be cautious of what
in veterinary medicine for a variety of you give your dog, the may not be
reasons, but there is one reason that able to digest certain foods just like 4. Bathe your dog regularly and check
is more memorable: As a child his
own pet died from injuries. Dr. Saiki we may not be able to. It is important for fleas and ticks.
to keep in mind that your pets depend
-- 5. Provide a warm shelter for your
outdoor pets and make sure they
aren't restricted from it.
6. Vaccinate your dogs.
Owning a pet requires resoponsibility. Millions of dogs are killed each
yedr due to overpopulation, or simply
because they are unwanted. There are not enough homes for them.
Don't let your pet or its puppies
become statistics. Make sure your
pet is spayed or neutered. If you want
a pet, it would be a good idea to adopt
one from the SPCA. They have adoptions available and they are located
at 103 S. Hughes ~ve. Fresno.
Now you know the basics of having
a pet. It's worth the while! Having a
pet allows you to enjoy them and
cherish the company they keep. So
· whether you have a Dalme tion, Poodle, or Pug, the relationship between
dog and human is a bond that is not
easily broken.
By YOLANDA OROZCO
Dr. Gregory Saiki checking x-rays
.,).
J,.,
I
.. I t . · • • ' "
I l
I.
1 11
11
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11
November 4, 1982
Page S / La Voz De Azdan
Especial De TV Saluda A Cervantes
Un agasajo especial les espera a los ·
televidentes de lengua espanola este
otono con la presentacion de una
miniserie de nueve espisodios, de una
hora cada uno, que recrea la vida de
Miguel de Cervantes en el siglo XVI.
Al mencionar el nombre de Cervantes
viene casi siempre a la memoria las
imagenes de Don Quijote, el caballero
errante que lucha contra los molinos de
vientos y defiende el honor de su amada
Ducinea. Sin embargo, la vida del celbrado
autor fue tan emocionante como la vida
de los personajes que invento.
Una escena de "Cervantes",
la serie en nueve episodios
que saldra al aire este otoilo
por la Red de Television SIN.
En "Cervantes, "la serie de nueve horas
La serie abaracara 50 anos de la vida
que saldra al aire en noviembre por la Red Cervantes, a traves de retrovisiones y
de Television SIN, exhibira la vida del recolecciones: sus experiencias como
laureado escritor en todo su esplendor.
soldado; la perdida de su mano en una
batalla maritima contra los turcos; sus
cinco anos de prision en Argelia; sus
amores con Ana Franca, con quien tuvo
su unica hija; su subsecuente matrimonio
con Carolina de Salazar y Palacio· sus
relaciones con el dramaturgo Lo~ de
Vega y el poeta Luis de Gongora; y su
amarga confrontacion con la lnquisicion.
La produccion capta el ambiente de·la
Espano del siglo XVI, sus filosofias en
bo~a, sus costumbres y creencias
religiosas.
La imagen auditiva es captada a traves
de . Suntuosos escenarios, vestuarios
maJeS t uosos Y escenas deslumbrantes de
la geograf!a urbana y rural de Espana.
Praclucida por Radio-Television Es
pa~ola, la serie estara estelarizada por
Julian Mateos, que hara el papel de
Cervantes.
E n- f o q u e
Nacional
~toENFOQUENAOONAL,
National Public Radio's weekly, half-hour
Spanish-language news and feature program produced by KPBS-FM in San Diego,
for capturing the 1982 Ruben Salazar
Award for Communications. Sharing the
honors along with Jose Mireles and Sergio Pedroza, was Santa Rosa's Hector
Molina, a former staffer of KBBF radio.
ENFOQUE NACIONAL is the only
Spanish-language national news magazine
produced for radio by Latinos in the U.S.
It is broadcast on 35 public radio stations
nationwide (like KPFA in Berkeley}.
The award is given annually by the
National Council of La Raza. Good job
companeros!
MSS. Press Conference
continued.from page 2
In the documents and newspapers handed
out by the MSS, Khomeini is reported to
have executed 20,000 individuals in the
last 14 months and is currently holding at
least 50,000 political prisoners.
In his closing remarks, Vatandost said
he forsees the Khomeini regime falling
and the only reason he remains in power
is through the "atmosphere of terror he
has created."
Do you have the writing Blues?
Then the Learning Center
is the place to go!
The learning Center has a writing
lab to serve all students on campus
who want to improve their writing.
Date: Starting November
I, 1982
Monday thru Thursday
Hours: 9-10 am
Place: Learning Center
(Keats Bldg.)
LaVoz
Foundedinl969
Editor
Lourdn VRlarreal
Managing Editor
Larry Banaln
Photo Editor
Pedro Perez
Production
Marla Perez
Artist
Adellade Perez
Reporters
Anthony Marquez, Bobby Rodriguez,
Yolanda Orozc:o, Pam Flor•,
and Sylvia Caltro,
LIi Voz de Aztlan is California State University Fresno's Chicano
newspaper.
La Voz de Aztlan is located in the Keats Campus Building. Editorial:
(209) 294-2486. Letters to the editor are welcomed. The newspaper
reserves the right to edit letters.
Thursday
This statue is part of a major exhibition created between 500 B.C. and 1500 A.O.
that will be shown at the Fresno Arts Center located in Radio Park from November
9th through December 29. See story on page 6.
.... 2
November 4, 1982
LaVozDeAdlall
Chicano Library Needed
A Chicano library is needed at Califronia State University. The Chicano
section should be located within the
regular library, consisting of a room
large enough to house books relating
to Chicanos and study areas for students wishing to use the library for
research and/or study. The Chicano
library should offer research papers,
pamphlets, newspapers and cultural
exhibits dealing with the Chicano/ Mexicano.
There are projections that by the
year 2000, Chicanos will be the majority in California. Studies are being done
and books written just as quickly as our
population is expanding. But the library
Administration fails to acknowledge
the tremendous Chicano growth. As a
consequence, many valuable Chicano
publications go unnoticed while others
are scattered amongstthe endless shelves
of books. A Chicano library would
solve these problems by centralizing
Chicano publications. In addition, patrons
of the Chicano library would be in a
qualified positon to suggest publications that need to be purchased.
Other advantages of a Chicano library
include: increased useage of the regular library by Chicano students; the
donation of important Chicano publications by La Raza faculty, students and
the Fresno community; a location where
all students can go to increase their
understanding of Chicanos; and recognition
of the Chicano/Mexicano impact in
California and throughout the United
States.
CHICANO LIBRARY
0
The idea of a Chicano library is not
unique to the Califronia State University System. Successful Chicano libraries
have been implemented at CSU Dominguez
Hills and San Diego State University.
The idea of a Chicano library at
CSUF was brought up by the faculty of
La Raza studies approximately two
years ago. It was unsuccessful for a
variety of reasons. These reasons were:
The insensitivity _of the library administration, the CSUF administration was in
transition; there was no student or
community support; and the issue was
not pursued enough by the faculty of La
Raza studies.
But if Chicanos want their own library,
it could become a reality rather than
just an idea. There is no doubt that a
Chicano library is needed at CSUF.
The benefits are endless.
La Voz calls on all Chicano organizations, on campus and in the community, to make this issue their number
one priority.La Voz also calls on all
Chicano students who don't belong t~
an organization t·• meet and express
theirsupport of a Chic~no library. Additionally, all students should be ready to
take appropiate action when and if
asked for by the "coalition for a Chicano library."
La Voz Staff
MSS Holds Press Conference
By Bobby Rodriguez
In the wake of the recent clash between
pro-and anti-Khomeini supporters, . representatives of the Moslem Student Society
(MSS) held a press conference recently.
Vatandost stressed the significance of
such attacks on anti-Khomeini supporters
by holding up a MSS newspaper reporting
similar incidences. He also said groups
such as Amnesty International and the
National Council of Churches are well
aware of the excutions in Iran and the
imprisonment o( political prisoners.
Spokesmen for the anti-Khomeini group,
Javad Vatandost ,Abdi Hosseini and Mostafa
Forrossan i, told reporters of MSS's
efforts to "expose the inhumane nature of
Khomeini and inform the people of the
"A top mullah has been sent to he U.S.
world about the popular resistance led by to carry out Khomeini's reign of terror,"
the People's Mojahedin against the Khomeini Vatandost said. In a press release given
regime."
out by MSS, the mullah is reported to be
lna prepared statement read by Vantandost, directing activities against Khomeini'soppostion
"paid agents of Khomeini have attacked in this country and "especially against
many students who oppose the regime, student supporters of the Mojahedinwith chains, clubs, knives, and even handguns the major opposition to Khomeini with
killing several and wounding many more." Iran."
The statement also contains 68 separate
"He has closed the Universities, how
reported cases of "attacks" against "progres- can a regime be popular and yet close the
sive Iranian students" in the U.S. in the Universities," Vatandost asked. "Its because
past two years. The report did not include the students are against him,"Vantandost
the two most recent clashes in Berkeley replied
on Oct. 19and at Fresno State on Oct. 22.
According to news sources, eight proKhomeini Iranian nationals were arrested
last Friday, only one of whom is a student
at Fresno State. Six of the eight are from
outside the Fresno area.
Vatandost commented that he and
other Iranian students, who are speaking
out against Khomeini, are afraid to go
back to Iran for fear of harm being done to
them or their families.
"I will definitely try to stay here as long as
Khomeini is in power," Vatandost added.
"We want to tell the American people
that Khomeini is not representative of Iranian
people, he has no respect for the Iranian
pepople," Javad continued, "We want
people not to stereotype Iranian people,
we are different, we want democracy."
The spokesman did not ask for U.S. aid
to over throw the regime, but asked for
the withdrawal of support for Khomeini
see
MSS o~ page 8
Though usually just active participants
at previous conferences, CSUF'S MEChA
this year will be putting on three workshops. All three are being presented by
two former MEChA presidents and the
current president, Maggie Castro. The
workshOJ?S will be : "Chicano Solidarity
with the People of Latin America," by
Gerardo Gonzalez, MEChA president 1981-82;
" Why the Coors Boycott Should Continue," by Lily Martinez, MEChA president 1980-81; and "Effect of Financial
Crises on Minority Students," Maggie
Castro.
Other workshops to be presented by
other campuses will include: "Immigration," "Chicanos on the Draft and Nuclear
War," and "Coalition to End Barrio Warfare"a very hot issue of great concern among
Chicanos today.
ME ChA
Conference
The 1982 Fall MEChA Stat~wide Conference will be held at Bakersfield College
on Sat. Nov. 6 and Sun. Nov. 7.
"Querer es Poder," will be this seasons
theme. Mechistas from every university
and community college throughout California have been invited to attend.
MEChA extends its invitation to students on campus wishing to attend. They
will be leaving the CSUF campus Sat.
Nov. 6 at 6 a.m. There is no registration
fee. If interested in attending, contact the
La Raza Studies Department at 294-2848.
,f
J(I
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La Voz De Aztlan
I Page
6
Pre-Columbian Art Displayed
#HOMAGE TO THE SACRED". is an
exhibition of ancient clay _sculputure ~rom
what is now central Mexico. The obJects
re pre-Columbian, created before
Europeans entered the New World. Their
ages range from five hundred to twentyfive hundred years, and they were made
by artists from diverse cultures. Since
these cultures share many common
features, they have been grouped to
get her into what is referred to as a culture
area. That area is known as Mesoamerica.
Three chronological periods are represented: pre-Classic, Classic and post
Classic. The typical sculptures of the preClassic era are small solid figures represented in this exhibition by the styles
of Tlatilco and Chupicuaro. Such figures
were produced by the thousands over
much of Mesoamerica and seem to have
been primarily funerary pieces for burial
with the dead. The interpretation of these
figures reamins conjectual. During the
latter part of the pre-Classic period, West
Mexico was the scene of some unique
burial activities. Deep shaft tombs were
created in what are now the states of
Nayarit, Jalisco and Colima. Sculptures
from these tombs highlight this show,
ranging in style from northern (Nayarit)
emphasis on painted and sculptured
detail to southern (Colima) preference for
monochromatic finish and palin volumes.
The Classic Period was marked by
increased ceremonial activities, urbanization and the presence of a majority of
the cultural items diagnostic to Mesoamerica. Some of the most elaborately
detailed sculpture was made during this
era. Human effigies can be recognized as
shamans, individuals with the capacity of
traveling between the land of the living
and the netherworld, protecting the living
and dead from evil and disease. Animals
;
Chronology
. ,
West Mexko
-·Late
Central fdnko
CuUCout
Ml1dec
Az.tec
Postdusk
Oauca
lSOO
..
Early
Tokec
Postdaesk
I
Lat~ ClaHic
.,
.. ,_ - -
--·
~
hrly Classic
Nayaril • J.1Uec;o
t>rotocl.ulc
Shaft-Chamber
Toml>t
Collma
I
1000
Hua.tee
Tajtn
Nopjloa
Teotihuac:an
Z.potac
500
I
---
'
A.O.
...
8.C.
latt
500
Pr«la,alc
-----
----·
MIJdlc
Chupkuaro
.. ,.c1...,('
Tiattko
1000
'
such as gophers, armadillos, and dogs are
more than charming grave objects. They
were apparently intended as guides,
protectors and messengers serving in the
afterlife.
_ During the post-Classic period warfare
increased in Mesoamerica. This exhibition illustrates this with warrior figures
in T oltec and Aztec styles. Examples of
the latter are quite rare. The rarity of
Aztec cl,iy sculpture is probably due to its
subject matter. In addition to warriors,
Aztec priests and deities were also
protrayed. Since these themes were
considered threatening by the Spanish
priests attempting to convert the Indians
to Christianity, they destroyed the
images.
Interpreting pre-Columbian art is both
exciting and frustrating. The excitement
comes from using eloquently sculptured
clay objects as vehicles to help understand a way of life that existed centuries
ago. The frustration lies in knowing that
often the meaning of the object may be
forever out of reach.
Mesoamerican people paid homage to
the sacred earth. They interred their dead
within its confines and gave offerings to it.
These ranged from human sacrifice to
mainiature effigies and exotic materials.
To judge by the care of its creation and
interment, their most precios and enduring offering was their sculpture.
Brow..n Appoints Rios
Angie Rios could be a role model for
students, At 28 years of age, she already
has a number of achievements to show
for her community involvement, including
her newest task, San Joaquin Valley liason for Gov. Jerry Brown.
But Rios quickly points out that others
should be praised instead of her.
"We've had a lot of real good people to
open doors for us," she said of the many
Chicano achievers, including Leo Gallegos and Gloria Molina. "Give credit where
credit is due, she added.
Sitting in her sparsely decorated office,
on the forth floor of the State Building,
Rios explained that it was years of involvement in community activities and politics that led to her present post.
She said she first became active in politics at her Kerman high school. Rios continued her involvemnt at CSUF, where
she served as senator at large for two
years.
But despite her interest in politics, she
majored in sociology.
"I took a real interest in political science,"
she said, "but I guess it was sociology I
wanted to go into. It has helped my ability
to work with people."
She said she spends about 80 percent
of her time dealing with the public, and
hearing their complaints and that backgound comes in handy.
She said no one has harassed her or
questioned her ability to . do the job
because she is a Chicana or a woman.
"'I think some people may disagree with
Gov. Brown, but it's the position that I'm
sure people would respect."
Rios said she has not stopped being
involved since taking her post in July
when Leo Gallegos resigned to work on
Brown's senatorial campaign.
She said that her community involvement does not conflict with her job for the
governor because she is able to separate
the two.
"After eight and five, what ever I do is
on my own time."
While not outwardly criticizing student
apathy, Rios did say she wished more
students were involved on campus.
Rios attributed part of the cause for
student non-involvement to the economy.
"Students ar€ just trying to find way to
eat," she said, "let alone get involved with
other things that may not have an impact
on them directly." She said students can
help themselves or choose to help others.
Mosqueda Joins KFSR Staff
Senior radio-television major, Gilbert
Mosqueda, was recently appointed Public
Affairs Director for KFSR, the new FMradio station on campus which l;>egan
operations last Saturday. As Director
Mosquedaoverseesfourteendifferentprograi11.S,
About three years ago, Fresno State
was one of a few campuses in the state
without a radio station," Mosqueda said.
A majority of funding for the station
comes from the AS., and additional monies
will come from listener subscriptions and
sponsor underwritings.
KFSR is a public non-commercial station
that offers a progressive music format, a
fresh new approach to your stereo, unlike
larger commercialized stations that play
only a certain number of artists such as
the T op-20. In addition the station will
covernewsandsportsshows,broadcasting
seven days as week from 6:00 a.m. to 1:00
a.m.
"The staton plays jazz, reggae, rock-nroll, R&B, New Wave-progessive music
from groups that don't receive as much
air play as other more popular artists,"
Mosqueda said. "KFSR is out to change
the listeneing habits of Fresnans and
people in the surrounding area. Fresno
.has been waiting for a station like this for a
long time, and we have finally arrived!"
including Minority Perspective, Consumer
Awareness, and Campus Issues in Debate.
"The station will use five to ten minute
inserts within their regular music broadcasting so as to keep listeners," noted
While in college, Rios served on the
Mosqueda. "Not too many stations utilize
staff of LaVoz and eventually became
this method. Instead they have longer talk
,
shows that often turn listeners to other
editor. "The newspaper used to bea real stations," he continued.
big voice for us, as far as the campus," she "I want to emphasize to campus organisaid. She was also involved with MEChA zations that this would be an excellent
during this time.
-· opportunity for them to get some air time
"You can get involved in so many for an upcoming event or issue," Mosqueda
organizations and spread yourself thin."
stressed.
Rios said that her job as liaison ends
"It's exciting to finally turn FM after
when the governor finishes his term. She nearly three years as a carrier current.
said she has made no definite plans for the Before the station only broadcasted to
future, but she is thinking about going dorms' and other buildings on cmapus,"
back to school to get her master's degree Mosqueda stated. Many people organized,
in Public Affairs before HI get too old, she and after long hours of preparation, KFSR 90.7 FM
joked.
grew into a 350-watt station which covers
She said that working on Brown's 1980 all of Fresno and Clovis.
presidential campaign made her think
more seriously about a career in politcs.
"It was a real good oportunity for me to
learn on a national level, Rios said. "I just
Correction
really enjoyed the people, working with
the public.,.
- Las Adelitas meet on Fridays at
Rios was not sure whether she would
12:CXl noon to 1::00 pm, not on Tues•
eventually run for office, but said she did
.days at 2:00 pm as appeared on the
want to continue working in politics.
cfut. 22nd issue. The place of meet'Td like to end up in Sacramento or
ing varies.
Washington, somewhere in the legislative
system," Rios concluded. "I'd like to get
that type of experience.,.
H
H
by Laura Hernandez
The High School Equiualency .Program (HEP) is an educational program for
migrant and seasonal farmworkers. It is funded by the United_ Sta~es Departn:ient
of Education. The Fresno (HEP) program is loca_ted on the Calif':,rnra State University Fresno campus and is one of fourteen high school equ,valency programs
nationwide. In the West Coast there are three other (HEP) programs, located in
Stockton Ca. Eugene, Oregon and Seattle, Wash.
The se~ice~ that (HEP) provides are adult basic education (ABE), English as a
Second Language (ESL), study skills, instruction for the High School equivalency
examination (GED), career education, college preparation, counseling, and placement services. The program's ultimate goal is to place its participants in either skills
training programs, armed services or, preferable, colleges or universities. The latter
is encouraged greatly, but their choices and capabilities are considered.
The elgibility requirements for all participants are that the student must be at
/east seuenteen years of age, a high school drop-out, and from a low-income
farmworking family. Participants from the program are mainly recruited from the
San Joaquin Valley, Imperial Valley and the Central Coast areas. Housing, located
in apartments, near the CSUF campus, is provided for all (HEP) participants.
Students also receive a CSUF meal card, student activity card and in addition, can
earn a stipend of up to $14.50 per week.
What makes the (HEP) program so unique is that the individual instruction that is
given capitalizes on prior knowledge. This is what makes it so effective when
preparing students for the GED examinations.
The length of the program can range from one month to six months, depending
upon their entry skills level and how fast they advance. Furthermore, the (HEP)
progrm strives to provide students with new ideas and possibilities for the future
and to promote greater personal development, e.g. maturity, self-confidence,
responsibility, communication skills and independence. The program hopes that
students will acquire a sense of feeling that they can succeed.
The daily schedule of (HEP) students begins at 8:00 for a morning meeting. This is
where general information is given to all students. Following are four one-hour
periods, then one hour lunch and ending with two more hour periods at 3:00 p.m.
On Mondays and Wednesdays at 3:30 to 4:30 all students have physical education.
On Tuesday and Thursday they have clean-up at that same time. Clean-up
consists of thier apartments as well as the school building. From 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.,
on Mondays through Thursdays, all students have study hall. This is the time to do
the daily homework that is assigned. Their day ends at 11 :00 p.m . when apartment
check is done and all lights must go off, except on Fridays and Saturdays when they
are checked at 1:00 a.m. All students live a very structured life, but it's the only way
to aim them towards their goals.
The classes offered in the program consists of reading, writing, science, social
studies, and math. These are all areas from the GED examination, plus study skills
and career skills classes. Generally students who need additonal help in a certain
drea, will have more than one period to strengthen the weaker area.
'
U(
Their personal allowance of $14.50 a week is earned by their overall performance. All students have set behavioral standards, which must be followed, e.g.,
come prepared to work productively with proper materials. Punctuality, along i.µith
attendance, is included in their guidelines. Failure to foilow the HEP guidelines
allows the instructors or counselors to initiate marks~against them. If a student
receives 4 or 5 marks, $1.00 wil be deducted from their allowance. Being absent one
day will reduce $2.00 from the allowance.
The HEP program also provides extracurricular activities for students in which
staff members participate. These extracurricular activities include such things as
recreational outings general HEP functions.
The HEP program sets guidelines for tutors, in which a contract must be signed
stipulating certain terms and conditons for placement e.g. keep the agreed upon
schedule for tutoring, regular attendance, etc. In return a tutor will gain experience
and knowledge about methods and materials teaching basic skills to students who
preuious/y haue not been successful in school. Regular CSUF students who would
like to be tutors in HEP can receive three units of college credit by taking La Raza
studies 145.
The HEP program has had excellent results. In the 1981-1982 school year, there
were 149 participants. From these participants 102 graduated, passing the GED
examination. Out of those who graduated, 44 continued their education, enrolling
in colleges, 29 sought employment, 16 went to various training programs and 2
joined the armed services.
With outstanding results like these, one can see the need for this type of program.
I strongly believe that this program is extremely important in that it gives the
drop-out student, who had had migrant/ farmworking backgrpund, a second opportunity
to be successful in life. Too often low-income migrant/Jarmworkingfamilies are the
victims of an oppressive society, which
becomes a continuous cycle with few euer hauing an opportunity to escape it. Schools
Jail to acknowledge the problems these students face, (both academic and financial). Very little in the schools seerr:is to stimulate or encourage these students to
continue their education, resulting-in a high drop-out rate among chicanos.
It is programs likeHEP that give the excluded students another opportunity to
have a better tomorrow. HEP has proven it can be done!
HEP Gradaatee, October 29,
/
School, What Is It?
Loneliness ·
Watching, waiting, listening
people breathing
sounds of joy
The heart pounding
we are in a classroom.
Writing, reading, wondering,
tomorrow
What of tomorrow?
Who will know?
School
Is it for this?
for looks:
To learn or appreciate?
Someone must know!
.
ton
The silence
a barrier between you and sound
The silence
look about you, its all around
The past now like the present
remembering, remembering
your life, your breath
feels like ending, its fading
Writings on walls
desks and books
f-
Everyone has le/t
yet their voices still remain.
this has happened in the past
and is happening again.
The cool damp chill
penetrates your body
your shiver, you stir
yet the warmth, does not arise.
Research and more homework
it shall soon be done.
It shall be soon, be over
Think of the many years,
in life to come
and that will pass
Who can calm you,
who indeed?
No one around you
and no one near.
Who, who indeed?
This is school
to learn, to achieve.
Let's take pride,
Lets learn and progress
Loneliness go home!
and fear let me be!
I look, I wonder
but its still
loneliness and me.
por Efrain Ponce
por Efrain Ponce
"Tu Eres Para Mi"
Con este amor dentro de mi
podremos bailar este mundo,
Podremos vivir toda una eternidad
y nunca tocar el suelo,
Tontaremos tiempo para v~lar
sobre. las estrellas, hacia un
lugar sin· rincon,
Y el amor con su luz
brilla sobre nuestros
cuerpos para siempre ...
para siempre ...
Por Ramon Roman
~t, Hector Torres, Car•
'\CUllon Roman, Ernesto
Aguilar and Marcano Lira.
Photo by Maria Perez
puro Hep Y que
November 4, 1982
Page3
Ybarra Discusses Chicana Roles
By LEA YBARRA
Mexican and Chicana women have
For example, one of the first feminists
been depicted in American movies and of the American continent was Josefaliterature as passive, weak women who Ortiz de Dominguez who participated in
are not only forced into this type of situa- Mexico's fight for independence from
tion, but who also accept and sometimes Spain. When she was arrested and threaeven like their position.
tened with death, she stated:
They have been characterized as being
"It would be an honor to shed my blood
at the other extreme of the Mexican male before these young men (the soldiers), to
who is depicted as being overly dominant. teach them how a woman can die in
But is this a realistic portrayal of Chicana defense for her ideals."
women or is it a mythology that has be~n
This type of feminist involvement also
developed and perpetuated because of a continued during the Mexican revolution.
tack of awareness of the tremenduosly As Frederick Turner documents, many
important historical and contemporary women were at the front lines, fighting in
roles that Chicana women have played? direct combat and carrying ammunition,
The fact is that strong women have military equipment and medicine. Behind
always been a part of the Mexican culture the lines, women worked as dispatchers
and they have participated in the political, of trains, telegraphers, nurses, pharmaeducational, and economic spheres of cists, reporters, newspaper editors, busitheir communities as well as being a major nesswomen and teachers. Like women in
source of strength within their families. · the U.S., Mexican women in the early
As Marta Cotera has stated:
1900s were also demanding female eman"A Chicana may have arrived from cipation and suffrage rights.
Mexico yesterday, or her ancestor may
Chicana feminist participation in the
have been in the Southwest since 1520 or U.S. also followed the lead of their Mexibefore; her ancestors may have lived in can sisters by maintaining important roles
the Midwest in the 1880's. She may be within their families as well as in ther
rural, urban, poor, middle-class or Ph.D, communties. Maria Hernandez was a
a teacher, a migrant or a doctor. She does Chicana activist and writer who started in
share some basic, and also heterogene- the 1920s. She wrote that "one should act
ous, roots in the development of Indian politically to raise the public consciousand Spanish culture and history. She also ness because this type of effort is owed to
shares the history of involvement and the family, the community and the nation."
participation which has been a way of life This type of philosophy has been adopted
for the Chicana community in the U.S. and nurtured by the thousand of Chicasince 1848.
nas since Maria Hernandez who have
The Mexican/Chicana woman has always continued to be involved in community
striven for self-identity and for the improvement activities.
of her community as a whole, and has a
Chicanas continue to play a very important
long history of being involved in many role in both family and community life and
community acitivities.
they are making contributions in a wide
range of areas. Examples of contemporary Chicanas are Dr. Kathy Flores and
Dr. Carmen De La Rosa, physicians at
Valley Medical Center; Irene Aparicio, a
recreational therapist at Fresno Commuhity Hospital; Hilda Cantu-Montoy,
deputy chief attorney for the city of
Fresno; Dr. Theresa Perez, a CSUF professor; Olivia Chavez, a CSUF counselor;
Bertha Gonzalez, a Pacific College professor; and Josie Mena, a businesswoman
on the State Commission on the Status of
Women.
In addition to women such as these,
you have thousands of Chicanas throughout
the U.S. who are teachers, politicians,
nurses, secretaries and television reporters; they are in non-traditional jobs such
as carpenters, mechanics, electricians and
policewomen; and there are also many
Chicanas in the arts who are musicians,
writers and poets. Chicana artistic expression
is exemplified by the songs of Carmen
Moreno and Vicki Carr, the novels of
Estella Portillo and the poetry of Inez
Hernandez-Tovar.
An example of poetic expression is the
following poem by a Chicana:
"The Sounds and Sights of War"
A bomb explodes; a bazooka fires
A machine gun is heard afar
Buildings ripped open, with windows
broken
And two doors left standing ajar.
Dead men lie in pools of blood
The cry of a homeless child is heard
Th~se were sacrificed for their country
And uttered in protest not a word.
But have you seen a mother's grief
A sweetheares look of fear
When they announce the death of men
And boys they prized so dear
These sounds, these sights
These wasted loves, the tears that were
shed in vain.
Are seen and heard around the world
Where war has left its stain
Someday this will have to end
. These sounds, these sights will seize
Then weapons, people and all free nations
Will stand united in peace.
As indicated by the poem, many Chicanas are concerned with issues that
affect themselves and society in general
and have been historically and comtemporarily involved in efforts to better their
lives and the loves of others. They have
participated in many different activities
and have entered a wide range of professions because they are a diverse group
with differing ideologies and lifestyles. But
whether they are housewives who have
chosen to remain at home, women who
have chosen to develop their careers, or
women who have decided to combine
both roles, a disservice has been done to
all of them by the simplistic, stereotypical
lumping of all Chicanas into a group
where they are uneducated and uninvolved.
This stereotype was never true of all
Chicanas and is certainly not true today.
Chicanas continue to particpate in the
quest for equal job and educational opportunities for themselves and others, and
will soon be joined in their efforts by the
thousands of Chicanas who are graduating from high schools, colleges and universities throughout the country.
(Lea Ybarra received her doctorate in
sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and is currently an associate professor at Fresno State University.)
Central Ameris::an Tensions Escalate
By Pedro Perez
Several dramatic military operations
are taking place in El Salvador and the
surrounding countries that include Honduras and Nicaragua.
Mario Velasquez, a Washington representative for the FDR, Revolutionary Democratic Front, spoke about these
operations to various community memebers Wednesday at the Ted C. Wills
Center. The operation that he spoke of
was the gradual involvement of Honduras
in the civil war of El Salvador. Velasquez
said, "Honduras receives the second
largest military aid (from the U.S.) in the
western hemisphere; El Salvador is the
first."
According to Velasquez, Honduran
troops were used in military operations
on Chalatenango after the March 28 elections when the Salvadorean government
thought they had won political support
from the Salvadorean people.
He also talked of how the war has
become regionalized and of how the FDR
had alerted the U.S. population of this
happening two years ago. Velasquez said
that the FDR is expecting a "Vietnamtype war that is spreading and is strategically conducted."
He said that the recent offensive
launched by the FDR and the FMLN,
Farabundo Marti National Liberation
Front, was prompted by the declaration
made by Thomas Enders, Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-Affairs and
the Salvadorean government that the
guerrillas are losing the war. For the last
eight days they have launched a big offensive with three objectives: 1) to recognize
the second anniversary of the FMLN
formed on Oct. 10, 1980, 2) to respond to
the declarations of Enders and the Salvadorean government, and 3) to test their
military capacity. In five days of combat,
Velasquez said they have confiscated "126
recoilless rifles from the Salvadorean military, ten cannones with 241 projectiles,
and have taken 127 prisoners and shot
down one Huey-type helicopter and two
planes.
According to Velasquez,,.. "This offensive shows that the FMLN is pretty much
alive; it's still strong and there's local support of the population."
El Salvador is not the only country that
is being attacked by Honduran troops.
Velasquez said that Nicaragua has constantly been attacked by soldiers based in
Honduras. He added that these attacks
are from ex-Samocistas being supported
by the United States in bases located in
the Honduran broder.
Mario Velasquez, FDR Representative
The recent military maneuvers between the U.S. and Honduras has resulted
in the building of military bases along the
Nicaragua border.
1
The most recent joint exercise was in
July and lasted for three weeks.
According to a Nicaraguan newspaper,
U.S. pilot s were used to transport planes
from Tegucigalpa, the Honduran capital,
to Puerto Lempira on the Atlantic Coast,
loaded with 1000 Honduran troops and
communication equipment, machine-gun
shells and mortars, and boxes of longrange patrol rations.
_
Nicaragua has suffered several casualties from armed ex-National Guardsmen
that continue to use Honduras as their
main base.
Velasquez said that the armed aggression by the counter-revolutionaries is
escalating into a full scale war in Central
America.
"It sucks," we agreed.
What is the rational behind distributing
monies in small monthly installments?
Don't administrators realize that students
have expenses to meet, too? Or are students
cosidered incapable of handling large sums
of money? What is the real reason for all
the changes?
·
CSUF history is complete with successful
protests, and if that's what it takes to
make administrators aware of our plight,
then that is what we'll do.
It is inconceivable that the university
instated the current distribution system.
The first blow will come at noon Friday,
November 5th, when students . rally in
front of the Joyal Administration building,
and with an additional letter-writing
campaign, we will deliver the bureau•
cracy a second shot.
Even for those students who receive
Minority students are dropping out of
school as fast as they enrolled, and unless
drastic measures are taken, they will continue
We continued to talk, and both of us to do so. Just as Chicanos ten years ago
complained bitterly of the distribution fought to remain on campus, we must
system and overall reductions implemented again unite under one body to march and
by the Reagan Administration (vomit!).
declare our due justice.
$200.00 a month it is difficult to survive,
And if that does not work, we will
continue marching, yelling louder, and
writing more leters, until we succeed.
NICARAGUA
.
Sluetields
Viewpoint
By Larry Banales
As I stood in line the other day to
receive my financial aid, I spoke with a
student next to me, and he told me his
allocation was only $66.00 a month. At
first I thought he was joking and quest•
ioned him. In all seriousness he said,
"No, that's it."
I thought to myself, "How do administrators expect a student to survive on
$66.00 per month?"
It was completely unbelieveable.
much less for others who collect $66.00.
The
administration
has made some serious decisions, and it is
up to the student body to ensure that they
realize the effects its policies have taken
on us.
.,...
La Voz De Aztlaa / P~ge i
November 4, 1982
Caring for your canine
They call him man's best friend, but
are you always his? I'm sure many of
you own your own pets, but maybe
we don't always know what's best for
them. Pets need just as much loving
care as you do. did you ever notice
how their face brightens up as you
pet them, or acknowledge their presence? They depend on you to care for
them and love them. Pet care includes
grooming, healthcare, and most important
loving care.
Dog's aren't human, but in many
ways we treat them as such. If you
really think about it, dogs-have already
achieved a human role; we talk to
them! We've developed special drugs
and practice veterinary medicine. We
have for them sweaters, coats, jewelry
studded collars, dog cemetaries and
doghouses. There are even pet mink
coats designed in New York. How's
that for status! Buying your pets new
clothes is rewarding They'll be overjoyed at the addditon to their wardrobe. Pet owners all over the country strive to please their pet with new
beds, biscuits, and "I Love My German Shepard" buttons. Pets have
also made business boom; remember
RCA 's "Nipper"? Sitting by a phonograph, he made his way to fame and
fortune. Then there was Lassie, Petie,
Rin Tin Tin, Boomer, and so on ....
Never underestimate the power of
the pups, and next time you call
someone a dog, consider it a compliment.
Pets are loving, caring, protective,
and loyal. They're cute, cuddly, and
curious, attacking their tails and anything that moves. So, now you're
convinced and want to get a dog.
Well, before you run out to the pet
store, there are a few things you
ought to know, starting with a little
advice and knowledge of pet care.
It is very important to find a dog to
wanted to be in the position to help on you for their wll being. Other pet
fit your life style. For example, if you sick and injured animals. The realiza- care tips include:
live in an apartment, a small dog is tion of not being able to save every
preferable. Also, do you have enough animal came into view and holds true 1. Provide a well balanced diet on a
time to care Jor and give attention to in veterinary medicine.
regular schedule.
a small puppy?
Dr. Saiki explains pet care is important
if you want a happy, healthy pet.
According to Dr. Gregory K. Saiki
"Pets aren't self-sufficient." Nutrition 2. Do not give your dogs bones. For
of the Academy Veterinary Clinic, ·
is also very important. In biological example, chicken bones have splin- _
Sanger, pet care is very important.
makeup, "What holds truefor humans, ters and may lodge in their throat.
Dr. Saiki is a graduate of the Class of holds true Jor animals." There are
71". He did graduate work at FSU, many old myths about pets. Didyoueuer ·
then went on to UC Davis to become
find food half spoiled and said, "Give 3. Have fresh water available -always!
a veterinarian. He became interested it to the-dogs." Be cautious of what
in veterinary medicine for a variety of you give your dog, the may not be
reasons, but there is one reason that able to digest certain foods just like 4. Bathe your dog regularly and check
is more memorable: As a child his
own pet died from injuries. Dr. Saiki we may not be able to. It is important for fleas and ticks.
to keep in mind that your pets depend
-- 5. Provide a warm shelter for your
outdoor pets and make sure they
aren't restricted from it.
6. Vaccinate your dogs.
Owning a pet requires resoponsibility. Millions of dogs are killed each
yedr due to overpopulation, or simply
because they are unwanted. There are not enough homes for them.
Don't let your pet or its puppies
become statistics. Make sure your
pet is spayed or neutered. If you want
a pet, it would be a good idea to adopt
one from the SPCA. They have adoptions available and they are located
at 103 S. Hughes ~ve. Fresno.
Now you know the basics of having
a pet. It's worth the while! Having a
pet allows you to enjoy them and
cherish the company they keep. So
· whether you have a Dalme tion, Poodle, or Pug, the relationship between
dog and human is a bond that is not
easily broken.
By YOLANDA OROZCO
Dr. Gregory Saiki checking x-rays
.,).
J,.,
I
.. I t . · • • ' "
I l
I.
1 11
11
ii·
C
11
November 4, 1982
Page S / La Voz De Azdan
Especial De TV Saluda A Cervantes
Un agasajo especial les espera a los ·
televidentes de lengua espanola este
otono con la presentacion de una
miniserie de nueve espisodios, de una
hora cada uno, que recrea la vida de
Miguel de Cervantes en el siglo XVI.
Al mencionar el nombre de Cervantes
viene casi siempre a la memoria las
imagenes de Don Quijote, el caballero
errante que lucha contra los molinos de
vientos y defiende el honor de su amada
Ducinea. Sin embargo, la vida del celbrado
autor fue tan emocionante como la vida
de los personajes que invento.
Una escena de "Cervantes",
la serie en nueve episodios
que saldra al aire este otoilo
por la Red de Television SIN.
En "Cervantes, "la serie de nueve horas
La serie abaracara 50 anos de la vida
que saldra al aire en noviembre por la Red Cervantes, a traves de retrovisiones y
de Television SIN, exhibira la vida del recolecciones: sus experiencias como
laureado escritor en todo su esplendor.
soldado; la perdida de su mano en una
batalla maritima contra los turcos; sus
cinco anos de prision en Argelia; sus
amores con Ana Franca, con quien tuvo
su unica hija; su subsecuente matrimonio
con Carolina de Salazar y Palacio· sus
relaciones con el dramaturgo Lo~ de
Vega y el poeta Luis de Gongora; y su
amarga confrontacion con la lnquisicion.
La produccion capta el ambiente de·la
Espano del siglo XVI, sus filosofias en
bo~a, sus costumbres y creencias
religiosas.
La imagen auditiva es captada a traves
de . Suntuosos escenarios, vestuarios
maJeS t uosos Y escenas deslumbrantes de
la geograf!a urbana y rural de Espana.
Praclucida por Radio-Television Es
pa~ola, la serie estara estelarizada por
Julian Mateos, que hara el papel de
Cervantes.
E n- f o q u e
Nacional
~toENFOQUENAOONAL,
National Public Radio's weekly, half-hour
Spanish-language news and feature program produced by KPBS-FM in San Diego,
for capturing the 1982 Ruben Salazar
Award for Communications. Sharing the
honors along with Jose Mireles and Sergio Pedroza, was Santa Rosa's Hector
Molina, a former staffer of KBBF radio.
ENFOQUE NACIONAL is the only
Spanish-language national news magazine
produced for radio by Latinos in the U.S.
It is broadcast on 35 public radio stations
nationwide (like KPFA in Berkeley}.
The award is given annually by the
National Council of La Raza. Good job
companeros!
MSS. Press Conference
continued.from page 2
In the documents and newspapers handed
out by the MSS, Khomeini is reported to
have executed 20,000 individuals in the
last 14 months and is currently holding at
least 50,000 political prisoners.
In his closing remarks, Vatandost said
he forsees the Khomeini regime falling
and the only reason he remains in power
is through the "atmosphere of terror he
has created."
Do you have the writing Blues?
Then the Learning Center
is the place to go!
The learning Center has a writing
lab to serve all students on campus
who want to improve their writing.
Date: Starting November
I, 1982
Monday thru Thursday
Hours: 9-10 am
Place: Learning Center
(Keats Bldg.)
LaVoz
Foundedinl969
Editor
Lourdn VRlarreal
Managing Editor
Larry Banaln
Photo Editor
Pedro Perez
Production
Marla Perez
Artist
Adellade Perez
Reporters
Anthony Marquez, Bobby Rodriguez,
Yolanda Orozc:o, Pam Flor•,
and Sylvia Caltro,
LIi Voz de Aztlan is California State University Fresno's Chicano
newspaper.
La Voz de Aztlan is located in the Keats Campus Building. Editorial:
(209) 294-2486. Letters to the editor are welcomed. The newspaper
reserves the right to edit letters.
La Voz De Aztlan
Thursday
This statue is part of a major exhibition created between 500 B.C. and 1500 A.O.
that will be shown at the Fresno Arts Center located in Radio Park from November
9th through December 29. See story on page 6.
.... 2
November 4, 1982
LaVozDeAdlall
Chicano Library Needed
A Chicano library is needed at Califronia State University. The Chicano
section should be located within the
regular library, consisting of a room
large enough to house books relating
to Chicanos and study areas for students wishing to use the library for
research and/or study. The Chicano
library should offer research papers,
pamphlets, newspapers and cultural
exhibits dealing with the Chicano/ Mexicano.
There are projections that by the
year 2000, Chicanos will be the majority in California. Studies are being done
and books written just as quickly as our
population is expanding. But the library
Administration fails to acknowledge
the tremendous Chicano growth. As a
consequence, many valuable Chicano
publications go unnoticed while others
are scattered amongstthe endless shelves
of books. A Chicano library would
solve these problems by centralizing
Chicano publications. In addition, patrons
of the Chicano library would be in a
qualified positon to suggest publications that need to be purchased.
Other advantages of a Chicano library
include: increased useage of the regular library by Chicano students; the
donation of important Chicano publications by La Raza faculty, students and
the Fresno community; a location where
all students can go to increase their
understanding of Chicanos; and recognition
of the Chicano/Mexicano impact in
California and throughout the United
States.
CHICANO LIBRARY
0
The idea of a Chicano library is not
unique to the Califronia State University System. Successful Chicano libraries
have been implemented at CSU Dominguez
Hills and San Diego State University.
The idea of a Chicano library at
CSUF was brought up by the faculty of
La Raza studies approximately two
years ago. It was unsuccessful for a
variety of reasons. These reasons were:
The insensitivity _of the library administration, the CSUF administration was in
transition; there was no student or
community support; and the issue was
not pursued enough by the faculty of La
Raza studies.
But if Chicanos want their own library,
it could become a reality rather than
just an idea. There is no doubt that a
Chicano library is needed at CSUF.
The benefits are endless.
La Voz calls on all Chicano organizations, on campus and in the community, to make this issue their number
one priority.La Voz also calls on all
Chicano students who don't belong t~
an organization t·• meet and express
theirsupport of a Chic~no library. Additionally, all students should be ready to
take appropiate action when and if
asked for by the "coalition for a Chicano library."
La Voz Staff
MSS Holds Press Conference
By Bobby Rodriguez
In the wake of the recent clash between
pro-and anti-Khomeini supporters, . representatives of the Moslem Student Society
(MSS) held a press conference recently.
Vatandost stressed the significance of
such attacks on anti-Khomeini supporters
by holding up a MSS newspaper reporting
similar incidences. He also said groups
such as Amnesty International and the
National Council of Churches are well
aware of the excutions in Iran and the
imprisonment o( political prisoners.
Spokesmen for the anti-Khomeini group,
Javad Vatandost ,Abdi Hosseini and Mostafa
Forrossan i, told reporters of MSS's
efforts to "expose the inhumane nature of
Khomeini and inform the people of the
"A top mullah has been sent to he U.S.
world about the popular resistance led by to carry out Khomeini's reign of terror,"
the People's Mojahedin against the Khomeini Vatandost said. In a press release given
regime."
out by MSS, the mullah is reported to be
lna prepared statement read by Vantandost, directing activities against Khomeini'soppostion
"paid agents of Khomeini have attacked in this country and "especially against
many students who oppose the regime, student supporters of the Mojahedinwith chains, clubs, knives, and even handguns the major opposition to Khomeini with
killing several and wounding many more." Iran."
The statement also contains 68 separate
"He has closed the Universities, how
reported cases of "attacks" against "progres- can a regime be popular and yet close the
sive Iranian students" in the U.S. in the Universities," Vatandost asked. "Its because
past two years. The report did not include the students are against him,"Vantandost
the two most recent clashes in Berkeley replied
on Oct. 19and at Fresno State on Oct. 22.
According to news sources, eight proKhomeini Iranian nationals were arrested
last Friday, only one of whom is a student
at Fresno State. Six of the eight are from
outside the Fresno area.
Vatandost commented that he and
other Iranian students, who are speaking
out against Khomeini, are afraid to go
back to Iran for fear of harm being done to
them or their families.
"I will definitely try to stay here as long as
Khomeini is in power," Vatandost added.
"We want to tell the American people
that Khomeini is not representative of Iranian
people, he has no respect for the Iranian
pepople," Javad continued, "We want
people not to stereotype Iranian people,
we are different, we want democracy."
The spokesman did not ask for U.S. aid
to over throw the regime, but asked for
the withdrawal of support for Khomeini
see
MSS o~ page 8
Though usually just active participants
at previous conferences, CSUF'S MEChA
this year will be putting on three workshops. All three are being presented by
two former MEChA presidents and the
current president, Maggie Castro. The
workshOJ?S will be : "Chicano Solidarity
with the People of Latin America," by
Gerardo Gonzalez, MEChA president 1981-82;
" Why the Coors Boycott Should Continue," by Lily Martinez, MEChA president 1980-81; and "Effect of Financial
Crises on Minority Students," Maggie
Castro.
Other workshops to be presented by
other campuses will include: "Immigration," "Chicanos on the Draft and Nuclear
War," and "Coalition to End Barrio Warfare"a very hot issue of great concern among
Chicanos today.
ME ChA
Conference
The 1982 Fall MEChA Stat~wide Conference will be held at Bakersfield College
on Sat. Nov. 6 and Sun. Nov. 7.
"Querer es Poder," will be this seasons
theme. Mechistas from every university
and community college throughout California have been invited to attend.
MEChA extends its invitation to students on campus wishing to attend. They
will be leaving the CSUF campus Sat.
Nov. 6 at 6 a.m. There is no registration
fee. If interested in attending, contact the
La Raza Studies Department at 294-2848.
,f
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La Voz De Aztlan
I Page
6
Pre-Columbian Art Displayed
#HOMAGE TO THE SACRED". is an
exhibition of ancient clay _sculputure ~rom
what is now central Mexico. The obJects
re pre-Columbian, created before
Europeans entered the New World. Their
ages range from five hundred to twentyfive hundred years, and they were made
by artists from diverse cultures. Since
these cultures share many common
features, they have been grouped to
get her into what is referred to as a culture
area. That area is known as Mesoamerica.
Three chronological periods are represented: pre-Classic, Classic and post
Classic. The typical sculptures of the preClassic era are small solid figures represented in this exhibition by the styles
of Tlatilco and Chupicuaro. Such figures
were produced by the thousands over
much of Mesoamerica and seem to have
been primarily funerary pieces for burial
with the dead. The interpretation of these
figures reamins conjectual. During the
latter part of the pre-Classic period, West
Mexico was the scene of some unique
burial activities. Deep shaft tombs were
created in what are now the states of
Nayarit, Jalisco and Colima. Sculptures
from these tombs highlight this show,
ranging in style from northern (Nayarit)
emphasis on painted and sculptured
detail to southern (Colima) preference for
monochromatic finish and palin volumes.
The Classic Period was marked by
increased ceremonial activities, urbanization and the presence of a majority of
the cultural items diagnostic to Mesoamerica. Some of the most elaborately
detailed sculpture was made during this
era. Human effigies can be recognized as
shamans, individuals with the capacity of
traveling between the land of the living
and the netherworld, protecting the living
and dead from evil and disease. Animals
;
Chronology
. ,
West Mexko
-·Late
Central fdnko
CuUCout
Ml1dec
Az.tec
Postdusk
Oauca
lSOO
..
Early
Tokec
Postdaesk
I
Lat~ ClaHic
.,
.. ,_ - -
--·
~
hrly Classic
Nayaril • J.1Uec;o
t>rotocl.ulc
Shaft-Chamber
Toml>t
Collma
I
1000
Hua.tee
Tajtn
Nopjloa
Teotihuac:an
Z.potac
500
I
---
'
A.O.
...
8.C.
latt
500
Pr«la,alc
-----
----·
MIJdlc
Chupkuaro
.. ,.c1...,('
Tiattko
1000
'
such as gophers, armadillos, and dogs are
more than charming grave objects. They
were apparently intended as guides,
protectors and messengers serving in the
afterlife.
_ During the post-Classic period warfare
increased in Mesoamerica. This exhibition illustrates this with warrior figures
in T oltec and Aztec styles. Examples of
the latter are quite rare. The rarity of
Aztec cl,iy sculpture is probably due to its
subject matter. In addition to warriors,
Aztec priests and deities were also
protrayed. Since these themes were
considered threatening by the Spanish
priests attempting to convert the Indians
to Christianity, they destroyed the
images.
Interpreting pre-Columbian art is both
exciting and frustrating. The excitement
comes from using eloquently sculptured
clay objects as vehicles to help understand a way of life that existed centuries
ago. The frustration lies in knowing that
often the meaning of the object may be
forever out of reach.
Mesoamerican people paid homage to
the sacred earth. They interred their dead
within its confines and gave offerings to it.
These ranged from human sacrifice to
mainiature effigies and exotic materials.
To judge by the care of its creation and
interment, their most precios and enduring offering was their sculpture.
Brow..n Appoints Rios
Angie Rios could be a role model for
students, At 28 years of age, she already
has a number of achievements to show
for her community involvement, including
her newest task, San Joaquin Valley liason for Gov. Jerry Brown.
But Rios quickly points out that others
should be praised instead of her.
"We've had a lot of real good people to
open doors for us," she said of the many
Chicano achievers, including Leo Gallegos and Gloria Molina. "Give credit where
credit is due, she added.
Sitting in her sparsely decorated office,
on the forth floor of the State Building,
Rios explained that it was years of involvement in community activities and politics that led to her present post.
She said she first became active in politics at her Kerman high school. Rios continued her involvemnt at CSUF, where
she served as senator at large for two
years.
But despite her interest in politics, she
majored in sociology.
"I took a real interest in political science,"
she said, "but I guess it was sociology I
wanted to go into. It has helped my ability
to work with people."
She said she spends about 80 percent
of her time dealing with the public, and
hearing their complaints and that backgound comes in handy.
She said no one has harassed her or
questioned her ability to . do the job
because she is a Chicana or a woman.
"'I think some people may disagree with
Gov. Brown, but it's the position that I'm
sure people would respect."
Rios said she has not stopped being
involved since taking her post in July
when Leo Gallegos resigned to work on
Brown's senatorial campaign.
She said that her community involvement does not conflict with her job for the
governor because she is able to separate
the two.
"After eight and five, what ever I do is
on my own time."
While not outwardly criticizing student
apathy, Rios did say she wished more
students were involved on campus.
Rios attributed part of the cause for
student non-involvement to the economy.
"Students ar€ just trying to find way to
eat," she said, "let alone get involved with
other things that may not have an impact
on them directly." She said students can
help themselves or choose to help others.
Mosqueda Joins KFSR Staff
Senior radio-television major, Gilbert
Mosqueda, was recently appointed Public
Affairs Director for KFSR, the new FMradio station on campus which l;>egan
operations last Saturday. As Director
Mosquedaoverseesfourteendifferentprograi11.S,
About three years ago, Fresno State
was one of a few campuses in the state
without a radio station," Mosqueda said.
A majority of funding for the station
comes from the AS., and additional monies
will come from listener subscriptions and
sponsor underwritings.
KFSR is a public non-commercial station
that offers a progressive music format, a
fresh new approach to your stereo, unlike
larger commercialized stations that play
only a certain number of artists such as
the T op-20. In addition the station will
covernewsandsportsshows,broadcasting
seven days as week from 6:00 a.m. to 1:00
a.m.
"The staton plays jazz, reggae, rock-nroll, R&B, New Wave-progessive music
from groups that don't receive as much
air play as other more popular artists,"
Mosqueda said. "KFSR is out to change
the listeneing habits of Fresnans and
people in the surrounding area. Fresno
.has been waiting for a station like this for a
long time, and we have finally arrived!"
including Minority Perspective, Consumer
Awareness, and Campus Issues in Debate.
"The station will use five to ten minute
inserts within their regular music broadcasting so as to keep listeners," noted
While in college, Rios served on the
Mosqueda. "Not too many stations utilize
staff of LaVoz and eventually became
this method. Instead they have longer talk
,
shows that often turn listeners to other
editor. "The newspaper used to bea real stations," he continued.
big voice for us, as far as the campus," she "I want to emphasize to campus organisaid. She was also involved with MEChA zations that this would be an excellent
during this time.
-· opportunity for them to get some air time
"You can get involved in so many for an upcoming event or issue," Mosqueda
organizations and spread yourself thin."
stressed.
Rios said that her job as liaison ends
"It's exciting to finally turn FM after
when the governor finishes his term. She nearly three years as a carrier current.
said she has made no definite plans for the Before the station only broadcasted to
future, but she is thinking about going dorms' and other buildings on cmapus,"
back to school to get her master's degree Mosqueda stated. Many people organized,
in Public Affairs before HI get too old, she and after long hours of preparation, KFSR 90.7 FM
joked.
grew into a 350-watt station which covers
She said that working on Brown's 1980 all of Fresno and Clovis.
presidential campaign made her think
more seriously about a career in politcs.
"It was a real good oportunity for me to
learn on a national level, Rios said. "I just
Correction
really enjoyed the people, working with
the public.,.
- Las Adelitas meet on Fridays at
Rios was not sure whether she would
12:CXl noon to 1::00 pm, not on Tues•
eventually run for office, but said she did
.days at 2:00 pm as appeared on the
want to continue working in politics.
cfut. 22nd issue. The place of meet'Td like to end up in Sacramento or
ing varies.
Washington, somewhere in the legislative
system," Rios concluded. "I'd like to get
that type of experience.,.
H
H
by Laura Hernandez
The High School Equiualency .Program (HEP) is an educational program for
migrant and seasonal farmworkers. It is funded by the United_ Sta~es Departn:ient
of Education. The Fresno (HEP) program is loca_ted on the Calif':,rnra State University Fresno campus and is one of fourteen high school equ,valency programs
nationwide. In the West Coast there are three other (HEP) programs, located in
Stockton Ca. Eugene, Oregon and Seattle, Wash.
The se~ice~ that (HEP) provides are adult basic education (ABE), English as a
Second Language (ESL), study skills, instruction for the High School equivalency
examination (GED), career education, college preparation, counseling, and placement services. The program's ultimate goal is to place its participants in either skills
training programs, armed services or, preferable, colleges or universities. The latter
is encouraged greatly, but their choices and capabilities are considered.
The elgibility requirements for all participants are that the student must be at
/east seuenteen years of age, a high school drop-out, and from a low-income
farmworking family. Participants from the program are mainly recruited from the
San Joaquin Valley, Imperial Valley and the Central Coast areas. Housing, located
in apartments, near the CSUF campus, is provided for all (HEP) participants.
Students also receive a CSUF meal card, student activity card and in addition, can
earn a stipend of up to $14.50 per week.
What makes the (HEP) program so unique is that the individual instruction that is
given capitalizes on prior knowledge. This is what makes it so effective when
preparing students for the GED examinations.
The length of the program can range from one month to six months, depending
upon their entry skills level and how fast they advance. Furthermore, the (HEP)
progrm strives to provide students with new ideas and possibilities for the future
and to promote greater personal development, e.g. maturity, self-confidence,
responsibility, communication skills and independence. The program hopes that
students will acquire a sense of feeling that they can succeed.
The daily schedule of (HEP) students begins at 8:00 for a morning meeting. This is
where general information is given to all students. Following are four one-hour
periods, then one hour lunch and ending with two more hour periods at 3:00 p.m.
On Mondays and Wednesdays at 3:30 to 4:30 all students have physical education.
On Tuesday and Thursday they have clean-up at that same time. Clean-up
consists of thier apartments as well as the school building. From 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.,
on Mondays through Thursdays, all students have study hall. This is the time to do
the daily homework that is assigned. Their day ends at 11 :00 p.m . when apartment
check is done and all lights must go off, except on Fridays and Saturdays when they
are checked at 1:00 a.m. All students live a very structured life, but it's the only way
to aim them towards their goals.
The classes offered in the program consists of reading, writing, science, social
studies, and math. These are all areas from the GED examination, plus study skills
and career skills classes. Generally students who need additonal help in a certain
drea, will have more than one period to strengthen the weaker area.
'
U(
Their personal allowance of $14.50 a week is earned by their overall performance. All students have set behavioral standards, which must be followed, e.g.,
come prepared to work productively with proper materials. Punctuality, along i.µith
attendance, is included in their guidelines. Failure to foilow the HEP guidelines
allows the instructors or counselors to initiate marks~against them. If a student
receives 4 or 5 marks, $1.00 wil be deducted from their allowance. Being absent one
day will reduce $2.00 from the allowance.
The HEP program also provides extracurricular activities for students in which
staff members participate. These extracurricular activities include such things as
recreational outings general HEP functions.
The HEP program sets guidelines for tutors, in which a contract must be signed
stipulating certain terms and conditons for placement e.g. keep the agreed upon
schedule for tutoring, regular attendance, etc. In return a tutor will gain experience
and knowledge about methods and materials teaching basic skills to students who
preuious/y haue not been successful in school. Regular CSUF students who would
like to be tutors in HEP can receive three units of college credit by taking La Raza
studies 145.
The HEP program has had excellent results. In the 1981-1982 school year, there
were 149 participants. From these participants 102 graduated, passing the GED
examination. Out of those who graduated, 44 continued their education, enrolling
in colleges, 29 sought employment, 16 went to various training programs and 2
joined the armed services.
With outstanding results like these, one can see the need for this type of program.
I strongly believe that this program is extremely important in that it gives the
drop-out student, who had had migrant/ farmworking backgrpund, a second opportunity
to be successful in life. Too often low-income migrant/Jarmworkingfamilies are the
victims of an oppressive society, which
becomes a continuous cycle with few euer hauing an opportunity to escape it. Schools
Jail to acknowledge the problems these students face, (both academic and financial). Very little in the schools seerr:is to stimulate or encourage these students to
continue their education, resulting-in a high drop-out rate among chicanos.
It is programs likeHEP that give the excluded students another opportunity to
have a better tomorrow. HEP has proven it can be done!
HEP Gradaatee, October 29,
/
School, What Is It?
Loneliness ·
Watching, waiting, listening
people breathing
sounds of joy
The heart pounding
we are in a classroom.
Writing, reading, wondering,
tomorrow
What of tomorrow?
Who will know?
School
Is it for this?
for looks:
To learn or appreciate?
Someone must know!
.
ton
The silence
a barrier between you and sound
The silence
look about you, its all around
The past now like the present
remembering, remembering
your life, your breath
feels like ending, its fading
Writings on walls
desks and books
f-
Everyone has le/t
yet their voices still remain.
this has happened in the past
and is happening again.
The cool damp chill
penetrates your body
your shiver, you stir
yet the warmth, does not arise.
Research and more homework
it shall soon be done.
It shall be soon, be over
Think of the many years,
in life to come
and that will pass
Who can calm you,
who indeed?
No one around you
and no one near.
Who, who indeed?
This is school
to learn, to achieve.
Let's take pride,
Lets learn and progress
Loneliness go home!
and fear let me be!
I look, I wonder
but its still
loneliness and me.
por Efrain Ponce
por Efrain Ponce
"Tu Eres Para Mi"
Con este amor dentro de mi
podremos bailar este mundo,
Podremos vivir toda una eternidad
y nunca tocar el suelo,
Tontaremos tiempo para v~lar
sobre. las estrellas, hacia un
lugar sin· rincon,
Y el amor con su luz
brilla sobre nuestros
cuerpos para siempre ...
para siempre ...
Por Ramon Roman
~t, Hector Torres, Car•
'\CUllon Roman, Ernesto
Aguilar and Marcano Lira.
Photo by Maria Perez
puro Hep Y que
November 4, 1982
Page3
Ybarra Discusses Chicana Roles
By LEA YBARRA
Mexican and Chicana women have
For example, one of the first feminists
been depicted in American movies and of the American continent was Josefaliterature as passive, weak women who Ortiz de Dominguez who participated in
are not only forced into this type of situa- Mexico's fight for independence from
tion, but who also accept and sometimes Spain. When she was arrested and threaeven like their position.
tened with death, she stated:
They have been characterized as being
"It would be an honor to shed my blood
at the other extreme of the Mexican male before these young men (the soldiers), to
who is depicted as being overly dominant. teach them how a woman can die in
But is this a realistic portrayal of Chicana defense for her ideals."
women or is it a mythology that has be~n
This type of feminist involvement also
developed and perpetuated because of a continued during the Mexican revolution.
tack of awareness of the tremenduosly As Frederick Turner documents, many
important historical and contemporary women were at the front lines, fighting in
roles that Chicana women have played? direct combat and carrying ammunition,
The fact is that strong women have military equipment and medicine. Behind
always been a part of the Mexican culture the lines, women worked as dispatchers
and they have participated in the political, of trains, telegraphers, nurses, pharmaeducational, and economic spheres of cists, reporters, newspaper editors, busitheir communities as well as being a major nesswomen and teachers. Like women in
source of strength within their families. · the U.S., Mexican women in the early
As Marta Cotera has stated:
1900s were also demanding female eman"A Chicana may have arrived from cipation and suffrage rights.
Mexico yesterday, or her ancestor may
Chicana feminist participation in the
have been in the Southwest since 1520 or U.S. also followed the lead of their Mexibefore; her ancestors may have lived in can sisters by maintaining important roles
the Midwest in the 1880's. She may be within their families as well as in ther
rural, urban, poor, middle-class or Ph.D, communties. Maria Hernandez was a
a teacher, a migrant or a doctor. She does Chicana activist and writer who started in
share some basic, and also heterogene- the 1920s. She wrote that "one should act
ous, roots in the development of Indian politically to raise the public consciousand Spanish culture and history. She also ness because this type of effort is owed to
shares the history of involvement and the family, the community and the nation."
participation which has been a way of life This type of philosophy has been adopted
for the Chicana community in the U.S. and nurtured by the thousand of Chicasince 1848.
nas since Maria Hernandez who have
The Mexican/Chicana woman has always continued to be involved in community
striven for self-identity and for the improvement activities.
of her community as a whole, and has a
Chicanas continue to play a very important
long history of being involved in many role in both family and community life and
community acitivities.
they are making contributions in a wide
range of areas. Examples of contemporary Chicanas are Dr. Kathy Flores and
Dr. Carmen De La Rosa, physicians at
Valley Medical Center; Irene Aparicio, a
recreational therapist at Fresno Commuhity Hospital; Hilda Cantu-Montoy,
deputy chief attorney for the city of
Fresno; Dr. Theresa Perez, a CSUF professor; Olivia Chavez, a CSUF counselor;
Bertha Gonzalez, a Pacific College professor; and Josie Mena, a businesswoman
on the State Commission on the Status of
Women.
In addition to women such as these,
you have thousands of Chicanas throughout
the U.S. who are teachers, politicians,
nurses, secretaries and television reporters; they are in non-traditional jobs such
as carpenters, mechanics, electricians and
policewomen; and there are also many
Chicanas in the arts who are musicians,
writers and poets. Chicana artistic expression
is exemplified by the songs of Carmen
Moreno and Vicki Carr, the novels of
Estella Portillo and the poetry of Inez
Hernandez-Tovar.
An example of poetic expression is the
following poem by a Chicana:
"The Sounds and Sights of War"
A bomb explodes; a bazooka fires
A machine gun is heard afar
Buildings ripped open, with windows
broken
And two doors left standing ajar.
Dead men lie in pools of blood
The cry of a homeless child is heard
Th~se were sacrificed for their country
And uttered in protest not a word.
But have you seen a mother's grief
A sweetheares look of fear
When they announce the death of men
And boys they prized so dear
These sounds, these sights
These wasted loves, the tears that were
shed in vain.
Are seen and heard around the world
Where war has left its stain
Someday this will have to end
. These sounds, these sights will seize
Then weapons, people and all free nations
Will stand united in peace.
As indicated by the poem, many Chicanas are concerned with issues that
affect themselves and society in general
and have been historically and comtemporarily involved in efforts to better their
lives and the loves of others. They have
participated in many different activities
and have entered a wide range of professions because they are a diverse group
with differing ideologies and lifestyles. But
whether they are housewives who have
chosen to remain at home, women who
have chosen to develop their careers, or
women who have decided to combine
both roles, a disservice has been done to
all of them by the simplistic, stereotypical
lumping of all Chicanas into a group
where they are uneducated and uninvolved.
This stereotype was never true of all
Chicanas and is certainly not true today.
Chicanas continue to particpate in the
quest for equal job and educational opportunities for themselves and others, and
will soon be joined in their efforts by the
thousands of Chicanas who are graduating from high schools, colleges and universities throughout the country.
(Lea Ybarra received her doctorate in
sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and is currently an associate professor at Fresno State University.)
Central Ameris::an Tensions Escalate
By Pedro Perez
Several dramatic military operations
are taking place in El Salvador and the
surrounding countries that include Honduras and Nicaragua.
Mario Velasquez, a Washington representative for the FDR, Revolutionary Democratic Front, spoke about these
operations to various community memebers Wednesday at the Ted C. Wills
Center. The operation that he spoke of
was the gradual involvement of Honduras
in the civil war of El Salvador. Velasquez
said, "Honduras receives the second
largest military aid (from the U.S.) in the
western hemisphere; El Salvador is the
first."
According to Velasquez, Honduran
troops were used in military operations
on Chalatenango after the March 28 elections when the Salvadorean government
thought they had won political support
from the Salvadorean people.
He also talked of how the war has
become regionalized and of how the FDR
had alerted the U.S. population of this
happening two years ago. Velasquez said
that the FDR is expecting a "Vietnamtype war that is spreading and is strategically conducted."
He said that the recent offensive
launched by the FDR and the FMLN,
Farabundo Marti National Liberation
Front, was prompted by the declaration
made by Thomas Enders, Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-Affairs and
the Salvadorean government that the
guerrillas are losing the war. For the last
eight days they have launched a big offensive with three objectives: 1) to recognize
the second anniversary of the FMLN
formed on Oct. 10, 1980, 2) to respond to
the declarations of Enders and the Salvadorean government, and 3) to test their
military capacity. In five days of combat,
Velasquez said they have confiscated "126
recoilless rifles from the Salvadorean military, ten cannones with 241 projectiles,
and have taken 127 prisoners and shot
down one Huey-type helicopter and two
planes.
According to Velasquez,,.. "This offensive shows that the FMLN is pretty much
alive; it's still strong and there's local support of the population."
El Salvador is not the only country that
is being attacked by Honduran troops.
Velasquez said that Nicaragua has constantly been attacked by soldiers based in
Honduras. He added that these attacks
are from ex-Samocistas being supported
by the United States in bases located in
the Honduran broder.
Mario Velasquez, FDR Representative
The recent military maneuvers between the U.S. and Honduras has resulted
in the building of military bases along the
Nicaragua border.
1
The most recent joint exercise was in
July and lasted for three weeks.
According to a Nicaraguan newspaper,
U.S. pilot s were used to transport planes
from Tegucigalpa, the Honduran capital,
to Puerto Lempira on the Atlantic Coast,
loaded with 1000 Honduran troops and
communication equipment, machine-gun
shells and mortars, and boxes of longrange patrol rations.
_
Nicaragua has suffered several casualties from armed ex-National Guardsmen
that continue to use Honduras as their
main base.
Velasquez said that the armed aggression by the counter-revolutionaries is
escalating into a full scale war in Central
America.
"It sucks," we agreed.
What is the rational behind distributing
monies in small monthly installments?
Don't administrators realize that students
have expenses to meet, too? Or are students
cosidered incapable of handling large sums
of money? What is the real reason for all
the changes?
·
CSUF history is complete with successful
protests, and if that's what it takes to
make administrators aware of our plight,
then that is what we'll do.
It is inconceivable that the university
instated the current distribution system.
The first blow will come at noon Friday,
November 5th, when students . rally in
front of the Joyal Administration building,
and with an additional letter-writing
campaign, we will deliver the bureau•
cracy a second shot.
Even for those students who receive
Minority students are dropping out of
school as fast as they enrolled, and unless
drastic measures are taken, they will continue
We continued to talk, and both of us to do so. Just as Chicanos ten years ago
complained bitterly of the distribution fought to remain on campus, we must
system and overall reductions implemented again unite under one body to march and
by the Reagan Administration (vomit!).
declare our due justice.
$200.00 a month it is difficult to survive,
And if that does not work, we will
continue marching, yelling louder, and
writing more leters, until we succeed.
NICARAGUA
.
Sluetields
Viewpoint
By Larry Banales
As I stood in line the other day to
receive my financial aid, I spoke with a
student next to me, and he told me his
allocation was only $66.00 a month. At
first I thought he was joking and quest•
ioned him. In all seriousness he said,
"No, that's it."
I thought to myself, "How do administrators expect a student to survive on
$66.00 per month?"
It was completely unbelieveable.
much less for others who collect $66.00.
The
administration
has made some serious decisions, and it is
up to the student body to ensure that they
realize the effects its policies have taken
on us.
.,...
La Voz De Aztlaa / P~ge i
November 4, 1982
Caring for your canine
They call him man's best friend, but
are you always his? I'm sure many of
you own your own pets, but maybe
we don't always know what's best for
them. Pets need just as much loving
care as you do. did you ever notice
how their face brightens up as you
pet them, or acknowledge their presence? They depend on you to care for
them and love them. Pet care includes
grooming, healthcare, and most important
loving care.
Dog's aren't human, but in many
ways we treat them as such. If you
really think about it, dogs-have already
achieved a human role; we talk to
them! We've developed special drugs
and practice veterinary medicine. We
have for them sweaters, coats, jewelry
studded collars, dog cemetaries and
doghouses. There are even pet mink
coats designed in New York. How's
that for status! Buying your pets new
clothes is rewarding They'll be overjoyed at the addditon to their wardrobe. Pet owners all over the country strive to please their pet with new
beds, biscuits, and "I Love My German Shepard" buttons. Pets have
also made business boom; remember
RCA 's "Nipper"? Sitting by a phonograph, he made his way to fame and
fortune. Then there was Lassie, Petie,
Rin Tin Tin, Boomer, and so on ....
Never underestimate the power of
the pups, and next time you call
someone a dog, consider it a compliment.
Pets are loving, caring, protective,
and loyal. They're cute, cuddly, and
curious, attacking their tails and anything that moves. So, now you're
convinced and want to get a dog.
Well, before you run out to the pet
store, there are a few things you
ought to know, starting with a little
advice and knowledge of pet care.
It is very important to find a dog to
wanted to be in the position to help on you for their wll being. Other pet
fit your life style. For example, if you sick and injured animals. The realiza- care tips include:
live in an apartment, a small dog is tion of not being able to save every
preferable. Also, do you have enough animal came into view and holds true 1. Provide a well balanced diet on a
time to care Jor and give attention to in veterinary medicine.
regular schedule.
a small puppy?
Dr. Saiki explains pet care is important
if you want a happy, healthy pet.
According to Dr. Gregory K. Saiki
"Pets aren't self-sufficient." Nutrition 2. Do not give your dogs bones. For
of the Academy Veterinary Clinic, ·
is also very important. In biological example, chicken bones have splin- _
Sanger, pet care is very important.
makeup, "What holds truefor humans, ters and may lodge in their throat.
Dr. Saiki is a graduate of the Class of holds true Jor animals." There are
71". He did graduate work at FSU, many old myths about pets. Didyoueuer ·
then went on to UC Davis to become
find food half spoiled and said, "Give 3. Have fresh water available -always!
a veterinarian. He became interested it to the-dogs." Be cautious of what
in veterinary medicine for a variety of you give your dog, the may not be
reasons, but there is one reason that able to digest certain foods just like 4. Bathe your dog regularly and check
is more memorable: As a child his
own pet died from injuries. Dr. Saiki we may not be able to. It is important for fleas and ticks.
to keep in mind that your pets depend
-- 5. Provide a warm shelter for your
outdoor pets and make sure they
aren't restricted from it.
6. Vaccinate your dogs.
Owning a pet requires resoponsibility. Millions of dogs are killed each
yedr due to overpopulation, or simply
because they are unwanted. There are not enough homes for them.
Don't let your pet or its puppies
become statistics. Make sure your
pet is spayed or neutered. If you want
a pet, it would be a good idea to adopt
one from the SPCA. They have adoptions available and they are located
at 103 S. Hughes ~ve. Fresno.
Now you know the basics of having
a pet. It's worth the while! Having a
pet allows you to enjoy them and
cherish the company they keep. So
· whether you have a Dalme tion, Poodle, or Pug, the relationship between
dog and human is a bond that is not
easily broken.
By YOLANDA OROZCO
Dr. Gregory Saiki checking x-rays
.,).
J,.,
I
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I l
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11
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November 4, 1982
Page S / La Voz De Azdan
Especial De TV Saluda A Cervantes
Un agasajo especial les espera a los ·
televidentes de lengua espanola este
otono con la presentacion de una
miniserie de nueve espisodios, de una
hora cada uno, que recrea la vida de
Miguel de Cervantes en el siglo XVI.
Al mencionar el nombre de Cervantes
viene casi siempre a la memoria las
imagenes de Don Quijote, el caballero
errante que lucha contra los molinos de
vientos y defiende el honor de su amada
Ducinea. Sin embargo, la vida del celbrado
autor fue tan emocionante como la vida
de los personajes que invento.
Una escena de "Cervantes",
la serie en nueve episodios
que saldra al aire este otoilo
por la Red de Television SIN.
En "Cervantes, "la serie de nueve horas
La serie abaracara 50 anos de la vida
que saldra al aire en noviembre por la Red Cervantes, a traves de retrovisiones y
de Television SIN, exhibira la vida del recolecciones: sus experiencias como
laureado escritor en todo su esplendor.
soldado; la perdida de su mano en una
batalla maritima contra los turcos; sus
cinco anos de prision en Argelia; sus
amores con Ana Franca, con quien tuvo
su unica hija; su subsecuente matrimonio
con Carolina de Salazar y Palacio· sus
relaciones con el dramaturgo Lo~ de
Vega y el poeta Luis de Gongora; y su
amarga confrontacion con la lnquisicion.
La produccion capta el ambiente de·la
Espano del siglo XVI, sus filosofias en
bo~a, sus costumbres y creencias
religiosas.
La imagen auditiva es captada a traves
de . Suntuosos escenarios, vestuarios
maJeS t uosos Y escenas deslumbrantes de
la geograf!a urbana y rural de Espana.
Praclucida por Radio-Television Es
pa~ola, la serie estara estelarizada por
Julian Mateos, que hara el papel de
Cervantes.
E n- f o q u e
Nacional
~toENFOQUENAOONAL,
National Public Radio's weekly, half-hour
Spanish-language news and feature program produced by KPBS-FM in San Diego,
for capturing the 1982 Ruben Salazar
Award for Communications. Sharing the
honors along with Jose Mireles and Sergio Pedroza, was Santa Rosa's Hector
Molina, a former staffer of KBBF radio.
ENFOQUE NACIONAL is the only
Spanish-language national news magazine
produced for radio by Latinos in the U.S.
It is broadcast on 35 public radio stations
nationwide (like KPFA in Berkeley}.
The award is given annually by the
National Council of La Raza. Good job
companeros!
MSS. Press Conference
continued.from page 2
In the documents and newspapers handed
out by the MSS, Khomeini is reported to
have executed 20,000 individuals in the
last 14 months and is currently holding at
least 50,000 political prisoners.
In his closing remarks, Vatandost said
he forsees the Khomeini regime falling
and the only reason he remains in power
is through the "atmosphere of terror he
has created."
Do you have the writing Blues?
Then the Learning Center
is the place to go!
The learning Center has a writing
lab to serve all students on campus
who want to improve their writing.
Date: Starting November
I, 1982
Monday thru Thursday
Hours: 9-10 am
Place: Learning Center
(Keats Bldg.)
LaVoz
Foundedinl969
Editor
Lourdn VRlarreal
Managing Editor
Larry Banaln
Photo Editor
Pedro Perez
Production
Marla Perez
Artist
Adellade Perez
Reporters
Anthony Marquez, Bobby Rodriguez,
Yolanda Orozc:o, Pam Flor•,
and Sylvia Caltro,
LIi Voz de Aztlan is California State University Fresno's Chicano
newspaper.
La Voz de Aztlan is located in the Keats Campus Building. Editorial:
(209) 294-2486. Letters to the editor are welcomed. The newspaper
reserves the right to edit letters.
Thursday
This statue is part of a major exhibition created between 500 B.C. and 1500 A.O.
that will be shown at the Fresno Arts Center located in Radio Park from November
9th through December 29. See story on page 6.
.... 2
November 4, 1982
LaVozDeAdlall
Chicano Library Needed
A Chicano library is needed at Califronia State University. The Chicano
section should be located within the
regular library, consisting of a room
large enough to house books relating
to Chicanos and study areas for students wishing to use the library for
research and/or study. The Chicano
library should offer research papers,
pamphlets, newspapers and cultural
exhibits dealing with the Chicano/ Mexicano.
There are projections that by the
year 2000, Chicanos will be the majority in California. Studies are being done
and books written just as quickly as our
population is expanding. But the library
Administration fails to acknowledge
the tremendous Chicano growth. As a
consequence, many valuable Chicano
publications go unnoticed while others
are scattered amongstthe endless shelves
of books. A Chicano library would
solve these problems by centralizing
Chicano publications. In addition, patrons
of the Chicano library would be in a
qualified positon to suggest publications that need to be purchased.
Other advantages of a Chicano library
include: increased useage of the regular library by Chicano students; the
donation of important Chicano publications by La Raza faculty, students and
the Fresno community; a location where
all students can go to increase their
understanding of Chicanos; and recognition
of the Chicano/Mexicano impact in
California and throughout the United
States.
CHICANO LIBRARY
0
The idea of a Chicano library is not
unique to the Califronia State University System. Successful Chicano libraries
have been implemented at CSU Dominguez
Hills and San Diego State University.
The idea of a Chicano library at
CSUF was brought up by the faculty of
La Raza studies approximately two
years ago. It was unsuccessful for a
variety of reasons. These reasons were:
The insensitivity _of the library administration, the CSUF administration was in
transition; there was no student or
community support; and the issue was
not pursued enough by the faculty of La
Raza studies.
But if Chicanos want their own library,
it could become a reality rather than
just an idea. There is no doubt that a
Chicano library is needed at CSUF.
The benefits are endless.
La Voz calls on all Chicano organizations, on campus and in the community, to make this issue their number
one priority.La Voz also calls on all
Chicano students who don't belong t~
an organization t·• meet and express
theirsupport of a Chic~no library. Additionally, all students should be ready to
take appropiate action when and if
asked for by the "coalition for a Chicano library."
La Voz Staff
MSS Holds Press Conference
By Bobby Rodriguez
In the wake of the recent clash between
pro-and anti-Khomeini supporters, . representatives of the Moslem Student Society
(MSS) held a press conference recently.
Vatandost stressed the significance of
such attacks on anti-Khomeini supporters
by holding up a MSS newspaper reporting
similar incidences. He also said groups
such as Amnesty International and the
National Council of Churches are well
aware of the excutions in Iran and the
imprisonment o( political prisoners.
Spokesmen for the anti-Khomeini group,
Javad Vatandost ,Abdi Hosseini and Mostafa
Forrossan i, told reporters of MSS's
efforts to "expose the inhumane nature of
Khomeini and inform the people of the
"A top mullah has been sent to he U.S.
world about the popular resistance led by to carry out Khomeini's reign of terror,"
the People's Mojahedin against the Khomeini Vatandost said. In a press release given
regime."
out by MSS, the mullah is reported to be
lna prepared statement read by Vantandost, directing activities against Khomeini'soppostion
"paid agents of Khomeini have attacked in this country and "especially against
many students who oppose the regime, student supporters of the Mojahedinwith chains, clubs, knives, and even handguns the major opposition to Khomeini with
killing several and wounding many more." Iran."
The statement also contains 68 separate
"He has closed the Universities, how
reported cases of "attacks" against "progres- can a regime be popular and yet close the
sive Iranian students" in the U.S. in the Universities," Vatandost asked. "Its because
past two years. The report did not include the students are against him,"Vantandost
the two most recent clashes in Berkeley replied
on Oct. 19and at Fresno State on Oct. 22.
According to news sources, eight proKhomeini Iranian nationals were arrested
last Friday, only one of whom is a student
at Fresno State. Six of the eight are from
outside the Fresno area.
Vatandost commented that he and
other Iranian students, who are speaking
out against Khomeini, are afraid to go
back to Iran for fear of harm being done to
them or their families.
"I will definitely try to stay here as long as
Khomeini is in power," Vatandost added.
"We want to tell the American people
that Khomeini is not representative of Iranian
people, he has no respect for the Iranian
pepople," Javad continued, "We want
people not to stereotype Iranian people,
we are different, we want democracy."
The spokesman did not ask for U.S. aid
to over throw the regime, but asked for
the withdrawal of support for Khomeini
see
MSS o~ page 8
Though usually just active participants
at previous conferences, CSUF'S MEChA
this year will be putting on three workshops. All three are being presented by
two former MEChA presidents and the
current president, Maggie Castro. The
workshOJ?S will be : "Chicano Solidarity
with the People of Latin America," by
Gerardo Gonzalez, MEChA president 1981-82;
" Why the Coors Boycott Should Continue," by Lily Martinez, MEChA president 1980-81; and "Effect of Financial
Crises on Minority Students," Maggie
Castro.
Other workshops to be presented by
other campuses will include: "Immigration," "Chicanos on the Draft and Nuclear
War," and "Coalition to End Barrio Warfare"a very hot issue of great concern among
Chicanos today.
ME ChA
Conference
The 1982 Fall MEChA Stat~wide Conference will be held at Bakersfield College
on Sat. Nov. 6 and Sun. Nov. 7.
"Querer es Poder," will be this seasons
theme. Mechistas from every university
and community college throughout California have been invited to attend.
MEChA extends its invitation to students on campus wishing to attend. They
will be leaving the CSUF campus Sat.
Nov. 6 at 6 a.m. There is no registration
fee. If interested in attending, contact the
La Raza Studies Department at 294-2848.
,f
J(I
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La Voz De Aztlan
I Page
6
Pre-Columbian Art Displayed
#HOMAGE TO THE SACRED". is an
exhibition of ancient clay _sculputure ~rom
what is now central Mexico. The obJects
re pre-Columbian, created before
Europeans entered the New World. Their
ages range from five hundred to twentyfive hundred years, and they were made
by artists from diverse cultures. Since
these cultures share many common
features, they have been grouped to
get her into what is referred to as a culture
area. That area is known as Mesoamerica.
Three chronological periods are represented: pre-Classic, Classic and post
Classic. The typical sculptures of the preClassic era are small solid figures represented in this exhibition by the styles
of Tlatilco and Chupicuaro. Such figures
were produced by the thousands over
much of Mesoamerica and seem to have
been primarily funerary pieces for burial
with the dead. The interpretation of these
figures reamins conjectual. During the
latter part of the pre-Classic period, West
Mexico was the scene of some unique
burial activities. Deep shaft tombs were
created in what are now the states of
Nayarit, Jalisco and Colima. Sculptures
from these tombs highlight this show,
ranging in style from northern (Nayarit)
emphasis on painted and sculptured
detail to southern (Colima) preference for
monochromatic finish and palin volumes.
The Classic Period was marked by
increased ceremonial activities, urbanization and the presence of a majority of
the cultural items diagnostic to Mesoamerica. Some of the most elaborately
detailed sculpture was made during this
era. Human effigies can be recognized as
shamans, individuals with the capacity of
traveling between the land of the living
and the netherworld, protecting the living
and dead from evil and disease. Animals
;
Chronology
. ,
West Mexko
-·Late
Central fdnko
CuUCout
Ml1dec
Az.tec
Postdusk
Oauca
lSOO
..
Early
Tokec
Postdaesk
I
Lat~ ClaHic
.,
.. ,_ - -
--·
~
hrly Classic
Nayaril • J.1Uec;o
t>rotocl.ulc
Shaft-Chamber
Toml>t
Collma
I
1000
Hua.tee
Tajtn
Nopjloa
Teotihuac:an
Z.potac
500
I
---
'
A.O.
...
8.C.
latt
500
Pr«la,alc
-----
----·
MIJdlc
Chupkuaro
.. ,.c1...,('
Tiattko
1000
'
such as gophers, armadillos, and dogs are
more than charming grave objects. They
were apparently intended as guides,
protectors and messengers serving in the
afterlife.
_ During the post-Classic period warfare
increased in Mesoamerica. This exhibition illustrates this with warrior figures
in T oltec and Aztec styles. Examples of
the latter are quite rare. The rarity of
Aztec cl,iy sculpture is probably due to its
subject matter. In addition to warriors,
Aztec priests and deities were also
protrayed. Since these themes were
considered threatening by the Spanish
priests attempting to convert the Indians
to Christianity, they destroyed the
images.
Interpreting pre-Columbian art is both
exciting and frustrating. The excitement
comes from using eloquently sculptured
clay objects as vehicles to help understand a way of life that existed centuries
ago. The frustration lies in knowing that
often the meaning of the object may be
forever out of reach.
Mesoamerican people paid homage to
the sacred earth. They interred their dead
within its confines and gave offerings to it.
These ranged from human sacrifice to
mainiature effigies and exotic materials.
To judge by the care of its creation and
interment, their most precios and enduring offering was their sculpture.
Brow..n Appoints Rios
Angie Rios could be a role model for
students, At 28 years of age, she already
has a number of achievements to show
for her community involvement, including
her newest task, San Joaquin Valley liason for Gov. Jerry Brown.
But Rios quickly points out that others
should be praised instead of her.
"We've had a lot of real good people to
open doors for us," she said of the many
Chicano achievers, including Leo Gallegos and Gloria Molina. "Give credit where
credit is due, she added.
Sitting in her sparsely decorated office,
on the forth floor of the State Building,
Rios explained that it was years of involvement in community activities and politics that led to her present post.
She said she first became active in politics at her Kerman high school. Rios continued her involvemnt at CSUF, where
she served as senator at large for two
years.
But despite her interest in politics, she
majored in sociology.
"I took a real interest in political science,"
she said, "but I guess it was sociology I
wanted to go into. It has helped my ability
to work with people."
She said she spends about 80 percent
of her time dealing with the public, and
hearing their complaints and that backgound comes in handy.
She said no one has harassed her or
questioned her ability to . do the job
because she is a Chicana or a woman.
"'I think some people may disagree with
Gov. Brown, but it's the position that I'm
sure people would respect."
Rios said she has not stopped being
involved since taking her post in July
when Leo Gallegos resigned to work on
Brown's senatorial campaign.
She said that her community involvement does not conflict with her job for the
governor because she is able to separate
the two.
"After eight and five, what ever I do is
on my own time."
While not outwardly criticizing student
apathy, Rios did say she wished more
students were involved on campus.
Rios attributed part of the cause for
student non-involvement to the economy.
"Students ar€ just trying to find way to
eat," she said, "let alone get involved with
other things that may not have an impact
on them directly." She said students can
help themselves or choose to help others.
Mosqueda Joins KFSR Staff
Senior radio-television major, Gilbert
Mosqueda, was recently appointed Public
Affairs Director for KFSR, the new FMradio station on campus which l;>egan
operations last Saturday. As Director
Mosquedaoverseesfourteendifferentprograi11.S,
About three years ago, Fresno State
was one of a few campuses in the state
without a radio station," Mosqueda said.
A majority of funding for the station
comes from the AS., and additional monies
will come from listener subscriptions and
sponsor underwritings.
KFSR is a public non-commercial station
that offers a progressive music format, a
fresh new approach to your stereo, unlike
larger commercialized stations that play
only a certain number of artists such as
the T op-20. In addition the station will
covernewsandsportsshows,broadcasting
seven days as week from 6:00 a.m. to 1:00
a.m.
"The staton plays jazz, reggae, rock-nroll, R&B, New Wave-progessive music
from groups that don't receive as much
air play as other more popular artists,"
Mosqueda said. "KFSR is out to change
the listeneing habits of Fresnans and
people in the surrounding area. Fresno
.has been waiting for a station like this for a
long time, and we have finally arrived!"
including Minority Perspective, Consumer
Awareness, and Campus Issues in Debate.
"The station will use five to ten minute
inserts within their regular music broadcasting so as to keep listeners," noted
While in college, Rios served on the
Mosqueda. "Not too many stations utilize
staff of LaVoz and eventually became
this method. Instead they have longer talk
,
shows that often turn listeners to other
editor. "The newspaper used to bea real stations," he continued.
big voice for us, as far as the campus," she "I want to emphasize to campus organisaid. She was also involved with MEChA zations that this would be an excellent
during this time.
-· opportunity for them to get some air time
"You can get involved in so many for an upcoming event or issue," Mosqueda
organizations and spread yourself thin."
stressed.
Rios said that her job as liaison ends
"It's exciting to finally turn FM after
when the governor finishes his term. She nearly three years as a carrier current.
said she has made no definite plans for the Before the station only broadcasted to
future, but she is thinking about going dorms' and other buildings on cmapus,"
back to school to get her master's degree Mosqueda stated. Many people organized,
in Public Affairs before HI get too old, she and after long hours of preparation, KFSR 90.7 FM
joked.
grew into a 350-watt station which covers
She said that working on Brown's 1980 all of Fresno and Clovis.
presidential campaign made her think
more seriously about a career in politcs.
"It was a real good oportunity for me to
learn on a national level, Rios said. "I just
Correction
really enjoyed the people, working with
the public.,.
- Las Adelitas meet on Fridays at
Rios was not sure whether she would
12:CXl noon to 1::00 pm, not on Tues•
eventually run for office, but said she did
.days at 2:00 pm as appeared on the
want to continue working in politics.
cfut. 22nd issue. The place of meet'Td like to end up in Sacramento or
ing varies.
Washington, somewhere in the legislative
system," Rios concluded. "I'd like to get
that type of experience.,.
H
H
by Laura Hernandez
The High School Equiualency .Program (HEP) is an educational program for
migrant and seasonal farmworkers. It is funded by the United_ Sta~es Departn:ient
of Education. The Fresno (HEP) program is loca_ted on the Calif':,rnra State University Fresno campus and is one of fourteen high school equ,valency programs
nationwide. In the West Coast there are three other (HEP) programs, located in
Stockton Ca. Eugene, Oregon and Seattle, Wash.
The se~ice~ that (HEP) provides are adult basic education (ABE), English as a
Second Language (ESL), study skills, instruction for the High School equivalency
examination (GED), career education, college preparation, counseling, and placement services. The program's ultimate goal is to place its participants in either skills
training programs, armed services or, preferable, colleges or universities. The latter
is encouraged greatly, but their choices and capabilities are considered.
The elgibility requirements for all participants are that the student must be at
/east seuenteen years of age, a high school drop-out, and from a low-income
farmworking family. Participants from the program are mainly recruited from the
San Joaquin Valley, Imperial Valley and the Central Coast areas. Housing, located
in apartments, near the CSUF campus, is provided for all (HEP) participants.
Students also receive a CSUF meal card, student activity card and in addition, can
earn a stipend of up to $14.50 per week.
What makes the (HEP) program so unique is that the individual instruction that is
given capitalizes on prior knowledge. This is what makes it so effective when
preparing students for the GED examinations.
The length of the program can range from one month to six months, depending
upon their entry skills level and how fast they advance. Furthermore, the (HEP)
progrm strives to provide students with new ideas and possibilities for the future
and to promote greater personal development, e.g. maturity, self-confidence,
responsibility, communication skills and independence. The program hopes that
students will acquire a sense of feeling that they can succeed.
The daily schedule of (HEP) students begins at 8:00 for a morning meeting. This is
where general information is given to all students. Following are four one-hour
periods, then one hour lunch and ending with two more hour periods at 3:00 p.m.
On Mondays and Wednesdays at 3:30 to 4:30 all students have physical education.
On Tuesday and Thursday they have clean-up at that same time. Clean-up
consists of thier apartments as well as the school building. From 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.,
on Mondays through Thursdays, all students have study hall. This is the time to do
the daily homework that is assigned. Their day ends at 11 :00 p.m . when apartment
check is done and all lights must go off, except on Fridays and Saturdays when they
are checked at 1:00 a.m. All students live a very structured life, but it's the only way
to aim them towards their goals.
The classes offered in the program consists of reading, writing, science, social
studies, and math. These are all areas from the GED examination, plus study skills
and career skills classes. Generally students who need additonal help in a certain
drea, will have more than one period to strengthen the weaker area.
'
U(
Their personal allowance of $14.50 a week is earned by their overall performance. All students have set behavioral standards, which must be followed, e.g.,
come prepared to work productively with proper materials. Punctuality, along i.µith
attendance, is included in their guidelines. Failure to foilow the HEP guidelines
allows the instructors or counselors to initiate marks~against them. If a student
receives 4 or 5 marks, $1.00 wil be deducted from their allowance. Being absent one
day will reduce $2.00 from the allowance.
The HEP program also provides extracurricular activities for students in which
staff members participate. These extracurricular activities include such things as
recreational outings general HEP functions.
The HEP program sets guidelines for tutors, in which a contract must be signed
stipulating certain terms and conditons for placement e.g. keep the agreed upon
schedule for tutoring, regular attendance, etc. In return a tutor will gain experience
and knowledge about methods and materials teaching basic skills to students who
preuious/y haue not been successful in school. Regular CSUF students who would
like to be tutors in HEP can receive three units of college credit by taking La Raza
studies 145.
The HEP program has had excellent results. In the 1981-1982 school year, there
were 149 participants. From these participants 102 graduated, passing the GED
examination. Out of those who graduated, 44 continued their education, enrolling
in colleges, 29 sought employment, 16 went to various training programs and 2
joined the armed services.
With outstanding results like these, one can see the need for this type of program.
I strongly believe that this program is extremely important in that it gives the
drop-out student, who had had migrant/ farmworking backgrpund, a second opportunity
to be successful in life. Too often low-income migrant/Jarmworkingfamilies are the
victims of an oppressive society, which
becomes a continuous cycle with few euer hauing an opportunity to escape it. Schools
Jail to acknowledge the problems these students face, (both academic and financial). Very little in the schools seerr:is to stimulate or encourage these students to
continue their education, resulting-in a high drop-out rate among chicanos.
It is programs likeHEP that give the excluded students another opportunity to
have a better tomorrow. HEP has proven it can be done!
HEP Gradaatee, October 29,
/
School, What Is It?
Loneliness ·
Watching, waiting, listening
people breathing
sounds of joy
The heart pounding
we are in a classroom.
Writing, reading, wondering,
tomorrow
What of tomorrow?
Who will know?
School
Is it for this?
for looks:
To learn or appreciate?
Someone must know!
.
ton
The silence
a barrier between you and sound
The silence
look about you, its all around
The past now like the present
remembering, remembering
your life, your breath
feels like ending, its fading
Writings on walls
desks and books
f-
Everyone has le/t
yet their voices still remain.
this has happened in the past
and is happening again.
The cool damp chill
penetrates your body
your shiver, you stir
yet the warmth, does not arise.
Research and more homework
it shall soon be done.
It shall be soon, be over
Think of the many years,
in life to come
and that will pass
Who can calm you,
who indeed?
No one around you
and no one near.
Who, who indeed?
This is school
to learn, to achieve.
Let's take pride,
Lets learn and progress
Loneliness go home!
and fear let me be!
I look, I wonder
but its still
loneliness and me.
por Efrain Ponce
por Efrain Ponce
"Tu Eres Para Mi"
Con este amor dentro de mi
podremos bailar este mundo,
Podremos vivir toda una eternidad
y nunca tocar el suelo,
Tontaremos tiempo para v~lar
sobre. las estrellas, hacia un
lugar sin· rincon,
Y el amor con su luz
brilla sobre nuestros
cuerpos para siempre ...
para siempre ...
Por Ramon Roman
~t, Hector Torres, Car•
'\CUllon Roman, Ernesto
Aguilar and Marcano Lira.
Photo by Maria Perez
puro Hep Y que
November 4, 1982
Page3
Ybarra Discusses Chicana Roles
By LEA YBARRA
Mexican and Chicana women have
For example, one of the first feminists
been depicted in American movies and of the American continent was Josefaliterature as passive, weak women who Ortiz de Dominguez who participated in
are not only forced into this type of situa- Mexico's fight for independence from
tion, but who also accept and sometimes Spain. When she was arrested and threaeven like their position.
tened with death, she stated:
They have been characterized as being
"It would be an honor to shed my blood
at the other extreme of the Mexican male before these young men (the soldiers), to
who is depicted as being overly dominant. teach them how a woman can die in
But is this a realistic portrayal of Chicana defense for her ideals."
women or is it a mythology that has be~n
This type of feminist involvement also
developed and perpetuated because of a continued during the Mexican revolution.
tack of awareness of the tremenduosly As Frederick Turner documents, many
important historical and contemporary women were at the front lines, fighting in
roles that Chicana women have played? direct combat and carrying ammunition,
The fact is that strong women have military equipment and medicine. Behind
always been a part of the Mexican culture the lines, women worked as dispatchers
and they have participated in the political, of trains, telegraphers, nurses, pharmaeducational, and economic spheres of cists, reporters, newspaper editors, busitheir communities as well as being a major nesswomen and teachers. Like women in
source of strength within their families. · the U.S., Mexican women in the early
As Marta Cotera has stated:
1900s were also demanding female eman"A Chicana may have arrived from cipation and suffrage rights.
Mexico yesterday, or her ancestor may
Chicana feminist participation in the
have been in the Southwest since 1520 or U.S. also followed the lead of their Mexibefore; her ancestors may have lived in can sisters by maintaining important roles
the Midwest in the 1880's. She may be within their families as well as in ther
rural, urban, poor, middle-class or Ph.D, communties. Maria Hernandez was a
a teacher, a migrant or a doctor. She does Chicana activist and writer who started in
share some basic, and also heterogene- the 1920s. She wrote that "one should act
ous, roots in the development of Indian politically to raise the public consciousand Spanish culture and history. She also ness because this type of effort is owed to
shares the history of involvement and the family, the community and the nation."
participation which has been a way of life This type of philosophy has been adopted
for the Chicana community in the U.S. and nurtured by the thousand of Chicasince 1848.
nas since Maria Hernandez who have
The Mexican/Chicana woman has always continued to be involved in community
striven for self-identity and for the improvement activities.
of her community as a whole, and has a
Chicanas continue to play a very important
long history of being involved in many role in both family and community life and
community acitivities.
they are making contributions in a wide
range of areas. Examples of contemporary Chicanas are Dr. Kathy Flores and
Dr. Carmen De La Rosa, physicians at
Valley Medical Center; Irene Aparicio, a
recreational therapist at Fresno Commuhity Hospital; Hilda Cantu-Montoy,
deputy chief attorney for the city of
Fresno; Dr. Theresa Perez, a CSUF professor; Olivia Chavez, a CSUF counselor;
Bertha Gonzalez, a Pacific College professor; and Josie Mena, a businesswoman
on the State Commission on the Status of
Women.
In addition to women such as these,
you have thousands of Chicanas throughout
the U.S. who are teachers, politicians,
nurses, secretaries and television reporters; they are in non-traditional jobs such
as carpenters, mechanics, electricians and
policewomen; and there are also many
Chicanas in the arts who are musicians,
writers and poets. Chicana artistic expression
is exemplified by the songs of Carmen
Moreno and Vicki Carr, the novels of
Estella Portillo and the poetry of Inez
Hernandez-Tovar.
An example of poetic expression is the
following poem by a Chicana:
"The Sounds and Sights of War"
A bomb explodes; a bazooka fires
A machine gun is heard afar
Buildings ripped open, with windows
broken
And two doors left standing ajar.
Dead men lie in pools of blood
The cry of a homeless child is heard
Th~se were sacrificed for their country
And uttered in protest not a word.
But have you seen a mother's grief
A sweetheares look of fear
When they announce the death of men
And boys they prized so dear
These sounds, these sights
These wasted loves, the tears that were
shed in vain.
Are seen and heard around the world
Where war has left its stain
Someday this will have to end
. These sounds, these sights will seize
Then weapons, people and all free nations
Will stand united in peace.
As indicated by the poem, many Chicanas are concerned with issues that
affect themselves and society in general
and have been historically and comtemporarily involved in efforts to better their
lives and the loves of others. They have
participated in many different activities
and have entered a wide range of professions because they are a diverse group
with differing ideologies and lifestyles. But
whether they are housewives who have
chosen to remain at home, women who
have chosen to develop their careers, or
women who have decided to combine
both roles, a disservice has been done to
all of them by the simplistic, stereotypical
lumping of all Chicanas into a group
where they are uneducated and uninvolved.
This stereotype was never true of all
Chicanas and is certainly not true today.
Chicanas continue to particpate in the
quest for equal job and educational opportunities for themselves and others, and
will soon be joined in their efforts by the
thousands of Chicanas who are graduating from high schools, colleges and universities throughout the country.
(Lea Ybarra received her doctorate in
sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and is currently an associate professor at Fresno State University.)
Central Ameris::an Tensions Escalate
By Pedro Perez
Several dramatic military operations
are taking place in El Salvador and the
surrounding countries that include Honduras and Nicaragua.
Mario Velasquez, a Washington representative for the FDR, Revolutionary Democratic Front, spoke about these
operations to various community memebers Wednesday at the Ted C. Wills
Center. The operation that he spoke of
was the gradual involvement of Honduras
in the civil war of El Salvador. Velasquez
said, "Honduras receives the second
largest military aid (from the U.S.) in the
western hemisphere; El Salvador is the
first."
According to Velasquez, Honduran
troops were used in military operations
on Chalatenango after the March 28 elections when the Salvadorean government
thought they had won political support
from the Salvadorean people.
He also talked of how the war has
become regionalized and of how the FDR
had alerted the U.S. population of this
happening two years ago. Velasquez said
that the FDR is expecting a "Vietnamtype war that is spreading and is strategically conducted."
He said that the recent offensive
launched by the FDR and the FMLN,
Farabundo Marti National Liberation
Front, was prompted by the declaration
made by Thomas Enders, Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-Affairs and
the Salvadorean government that the
guerrillas are losing the war. For the last
eight days they have launched a big offensive with three objectives: 1) to recognize
the second anniversary of the FMLN
formed on Oct. 10, 1980, 2) to respond to
the declarations of Enders and the Salvadorean government, and 3) to test their
military capacity. In five days of combat,
Velasquez said they have confiscated "126
recoilless rifles from the Salvadorean military, ten cannones with 241 projectiles,
and have taken 127 prisoners and shot
down one Huey-type helicopter and two
planes.
According to Velasquez,,.. "This offensive shows that the FMLN is pretty much
alive; it's still strong and there's local support of the population."
El Salvador is not the only country that
is being attacked by Honduran troops.
Velasquez said that Nicaragua has constantly been attacked by soldiers based in
Honduras. He added that these attacks
are from ex-Samocistas being supported
by the United States in bases located in
the Honduran broder.
Mario Velasquez, FDR Representative
The recent military maneuvers between the U.S. and Honduras has resulted
in the building of military bases along the
Nicaragua border.
1
The most recent joint exercise was in
July and lasted for three weeks.
According to a Nicaraguan newspaper,
U.S. pilot s were used to transport planes
from Tegucigalpa, the Honduran capital,
to Puerto Lempira on the Atlantic Coast,
loaded with 1000 Honduran troops and
communication equipment, machine-gun
shells and mortars, and boxes of longrange patrol rations.
_
Nicaragua has suffered several casualties from armed ex-National Guardsmen
that continue to use Honduras as their
main base.
Velasquez said that the armed aggression by the counter-revolutionaries is
escalating into a full scale war in Central
America.
"It sucks," we agreed.
What is the rational behind distributing
monies in small monthly installments?
Don't administrators realize that students
have expenses to meet, too? Or are students
cosidered incapable of handling large sums
of money? What is the real reason for all
the changes?
·
CSUF history is complete with successful
protests, and if that's what it takes to
make administrators aware of our plight,
then that is what we'll do.
It is inconceivable that the university
instated the current distribution system.
The first blow will come at noon Friday,
November 5th, when students . rally in
front of the Joyal Administration building,
and with an additional letter-writing
campaign, we will deliver the bureau•
cracy a second shot.
Even for those students who receive
Minority students are dropping out of
school as fast as they enrolled, and unless
drastic measures are taken, they will continue
We continued to talk, and both of us to do so. Just as Chicanos ten years ago
complained bitterly of the distribution fought to remain on campus, we must
system and overall reductions implemented again unite under one body to march and
by the Reagan Administration (vomit!).
declare our due justice.
$200.00 a month it is difficult to survive,
And if that does not work, we will
continue marching, yelling louder, and
writing more leters, until we succeed.
NICARAGUA
.
Sluetields
Viewpoint
By Larry Banales
As I stood in line the other day to
receive my financial aid, I spoke with a
student next to me, and he told me his
allocation was only $66.00 a month. At
first I thought he was joking and quest•
ioned him. In all seriousness he said,
"No, that's it."
I thought to myself, "How do administrators expect a student to survive on
$66.00 per month?"
It was completely unbelieveable.
much less for others who collect $66.00.
The
administration
has made some serious decisions, and it is
up to the student body to ensure that they
realize the effects its policies have taken
on us.
.,...
La Voz De Aztlaa / P~ge i
November 4, 1982
Caring for your canine
They call him man's best friend, but
are you always his? I'm sure many of
you own your own pets, but maybe
we don't always know what's best for
them. Pets need just as much loving
care as you do. did you ever notice
how their face brightens up as you
pet them, or acknowledge their presence? They depend on you to care for
them and love them. Pet care includes
grooming, healthcare, and most important
loving care.
Dog's aren't human, but in many
ways we treat them as such. If you
really think about it, dogs-have already
achieved a human role; we talk to
them! We've developed special drugs
and practice veterinary medicine. We
have for them sweaters, coats, jewelry
studded collars, dog cemetaries and
doghouses. There are even pet mink
coats designed in New York. How's
that for status! Buying your pets new
clothes is rewarding They'll be overjoyed at the addditon to their wardrobe. Pet owners all over the country strive to please their pet with new
beds, biscuits, and "I Love My German Shepard" buttons. Pets have
also made business boom; remember
RCA 's "Nipper"? Sitting by a phonograph, he made his way to fame and
fortune. Then there was Lassie, Petie,
Rin Tin Tin, Boomer, and so on ....
Never underestimate the power of
the pups, and next time you call
someone a dog, consider it a compliment.
Pets are loving, caring, protective,
and loyal. They're cute, cuddly, and
curious, attacking their tails and anything that moves. So, now you're
convinced and want to get a dog.
Well, before you run out to the pet
store, there are a few things you
ought to know, starting with a little
advice and knowledge of pet care.
It is very important to find a dog to
wanted to be in the position to help on you for their wll being. Other pet
fit your life style. For example, if you sick and injured animals. The realiza- care tips include:
live in an apartment, a small dog is tion of not being able to save every
preferable. Also, do you have enough animal came into view and holds true 1. Provide a well balanced diet on a
time to care Jor and give attention to in veterinary medicine.
regular schedule.
a small puppy?
Dr. Saiki explains pet care is important
if you want a happy, healthy pet.
According to Dr. Gregory K. Saiki
"Pets aren't self-sufficient." Nutrition 2. Do not give your dogs bones. For
of the Academy Veterinary Clinic, ·
is also very important. In biological example, chicken bones have splin- _
Sanger, pet care is very important.
makeup, "What holds truefor humans, ters and may lodge in their throat.
Dr. Saiki is a graduate of the Class of holds true Jor animals." There are
71". He did graduate work at FSU, many old myths about pets. Didyoueuer ·
then went on to UC Davis to become
find food half spoiled and said, "Give 3. Have fresh water available -always!
a veterinarian. He became interested it to the-dogs." Be cautious of what
in veterinary medicine for a variety of you give your dog, the may not be
reasons, but there is one reason that able to digest certain foods just like 4. Bathe your dog regularly and check
is more memorable: As a child his
own pet died from injuries. Dr. Saiki we may not be able to. It is important for fleas and ticks.
to keep in mind that your pets depend
-- 5. Provide a warm shelter for your
outdoor pets and make sure they
aren't restricted from it.
6. Vaccinate your dogs.
Owning a pet requires resoponsibility. Millions of dogs are killed each
yedr due to overpopulation, or simply
because they are unwanted. There are not enough homes for them.
Don't let your pet or its puppies
become statistics. Make sure your
pet is spayed or neutered. If you want
a pet, it would be a good idea to adopt
one from the SPCA. They have adoptions available and they are located
at 103 S. Hughes ~ve. Fresno.
Now you know the basics of having
a pet. It's worth the while! Having a
pet allows you to enjoy them and
cherish the company they keep. So
· whether you have a Dalme tion, Poodle, or Pug, the relationship between
dog and human is a bond that is not
easily broken.
By YOLANDA OROZCO
Dr. Gregory Saiki checking x-rays
.,).
J,.,
I
.. I t . · • • ' "
I l
I.
1 11
11
ii·
C
11
November 4, 1982
Page S / La Voz De Azdan
Especial De TV Saluda A Cervantes
Un agasajo especial les espera a los ·
televidentes de lengua espanola este
otono con la presentacion de una
miniserie de nueve espisodios, de una
hora cada uno, que recrea la vida de
Miguel de Cervantes en el siglo XVI.
Al mencionar el nombre de Cervantes
viene casi siempre a la memoria las
imagenes de Don Quijote, el caballero
errante que lucha contra los molinos de
vientos y defiende el honor de su amada
Ducinea. Sin embargo, la vida del celbrado
autor fue tan emocionante como la vida
de los personajes que invento.
Una escena de "Cervantes",
la serie en nueve episodios
que saldra al aire este otoilo
por la Red de Television SIN.
En "Cervantes, "la serie de nueve horas
La serie abaracara 50 anos de la vida
que saldra al aire en noviembre por la Red Cervantes, a traves de retrovisiones y
de Television SIN, exhibira la vida del recolecciones: sus experiencias como
laureado escritor en todo su esplendor.
soldado; la perdida de su mano en una
batalla maritima contra los turcos; sus
cinco anos de prision en Argelia; sus
amores con Ana Franca, con quien tuvo
su unica hija; su subsecuente matrimonio
con Carolina de Salazar y Palacio· sus
relaciones con el dramaturgo Lo~ de
Vega y el poeta Luis de Gongora; y su
amarga confrontacion con la lnquisicion.
La produccion capta el ambiente de·la
Espano del siglo XVI, sus filosofias en
bo~a, sus costumbres y creencias
religiosas.
La imagen auditiva es captada a traves
de . Suntuosos escenarios, vestuarios
maJeS t uosos Y escenas deslumbrantes de
la geograf!a urbana y rural de Espana.
Praclucida por Radio-Television Es
pa~ola, la serie estara estelarizada por
Julian Mateos, que hara el papel de
Cervantes.
E n- f o q u e
Nacional
~toENFOQUENAOONAL,
National Public Radio's weekly, half-hour
Spanish-language news and feature program produced by KPBS-FM in San Diego,
for capturing the 1982 Ruben Salazar
Award for Communications. Sharing the
honors along with Jose Mireles and Sergio Pedroza, was Santa Rosa's Hector
Molina, a former staffer of KBBF radio.
ENFOQUE NACIONAL is the only
Spanish-language national news magazine
produced for radio by Latinos in the U.S.
It is broadcast on 35 public radio stations
nationwide (like KPFA in Berkeley}.
The award is given annually by the
National Council of La Raza. Good job
companeros!
MSS. Press Conference
continued.from page 2
In the documents and newspapers handed
out by the MSS, Khomeini is reported to
have executed 20,000 individuals in the
last 14 months and is currently holding at
least 50,000 political prisoners.
In his closing remarks, Vatandost said
he forsees the Khomeini regime falling
and the only reason he remains in power
is through the "atmosphere of terror he
has created."
Do you have the writing Blues?
Then the Learning Center
is the place to go!
The learning Center has a writing
lab to serve all students on campus
who want to improve their writing.
Date: Starting November
I, 1982
Monday thru Thursday
Hours: 9-10 am
Place: Learning Center
(Keats Bldg.)
LaVoz
Foundedinl969
Editor
Lourdn VRlarreal
Managing Editor
Larry Banaln
Photo Editor
Pedro Perez
Production
Marla Perez
Artist
Adellade Perez
Reporters
Anthony Marquez, Bobby Rodriguez,
Yolanda Orozc:o, Pam Flor•,
and Sylvia Caltro,
LIi Voz de Aztlan is California State University Fresno's Chicano
newspaper.
La Voz de Aztlan is located in the Keats Campus Building. Editorial:
(209) 294-2486. Letters to the editor are welcomed. The newspaper
reserves the right to edit letters.