La Voz de Aztlan, April 1 1982

Item

La Voz de Aztlan, April 1 1982

Title

La Voz de Aztlan, April 1 1982

Creator

Associated Students of Fresno State

Relation

La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)

Coverage

Fresno, California

Date

4/1/1982

Format

PDF

Identifier

SCUA_lvda_00140

extracted text

L
-DE

AZTLAN

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Thursday, April 1, 1982

CaliJornia State University, Fresno

Aparicio hopes to inc()rporate
health into Clovis politics
By Lourdes Villarreal
La Voz Managing Editor

Running under a health platform, Irene
Lopez-Aparicio jocularly says, "Politically, people think-Health?-how political
can you get?" But Aparicio knows how
very political health issues have been and
continue to be. An intelligently dynamic
woman, Aparicio is one of eight candidates seeking a post in the Clovis City
Council election to be held on April 13th.
A past graduate of Fresno State, Aparicio is currently an occupational mental
health therapist at Fresno Community
Hospital and a part-time instructor in
health and La Raza Studies here on
campus.
"I don't think people realize how political an issue health has been. While the
citizens of Clovis might not know-(Well
she didn't put up a street sign)-1 have
helped politically for their health betterment," states Aparicio. Obtaining funds
for the mentally retarded, legislating for
shelter homes for battered women, and
establishing halfway houses for alcoholic
women have been but a few of her political
endeavors. Aparicio also feels she has
been instrumental in promoting health
care legislation for the developmentally
disabled. The results of years of hard work
have been more parking spaces and easier
access into buildings for the handicapped.

I"Things that we take for granted today,... took us writing letters and organizing
people,,, says Aparicio. She adds, "When
you help one person who has an illness
' like alcoholism or drug abuse, you're not
only helping that person, you're helping
the people that they affect ... "

So, how does Aparicio feel about "the
decade of the Hispanic?" Pausing for a
moment, she smiles and says, "The decade
of the Hispanics started before Columbus
'discovered' America." Aparicio sees the
80's as "the decade of human potential."

Thus being politically active all her life,
Aparicio feels she is ready to take on the
challenge of engaging in city politics.
Speaking with confidence, she states, "I'm
ready to make decisions. I'm scared of all
this pollution. I think health can be very
well incorporated into the politics of city
government.,,

'The decaqe of the
Hispanic started before Columbus discovered America.'

As for her chances of winning the election, Aparicio is encouraged because people like what she says about health. "l feel
I can work with other people and convince
them that we have to work in a way that
will be the most healthy for the people of
Clovis, and hopefully learn from the mistakes that other towns have made." With
such an attitude of self-confidence, one
cannot but help feel motivated by Aparicio's enthusiasm.

According to the latest census, Clovis
comprises a population of 6,443 with
Spanish surnames out of a total population of approximately 33,000. Despite
this, Aparicio -feels that Clovis has an
active Chicano community being that a
proportionate number of businesses are
owed by Raza. Aparicio states, ,,I feel that
I can represent a segment of society that
has been heretofore unrepresented on the
City Council."

Speaking on behalf of the women's
population, Aparicio says, "Historically,
Mexican women have been very political.
A woman can be a political person and
sti.fl be a mother. I'd like to dispel the
image that a politician is a bald white man
or someone with a cigar in his mouth!"

It's going to come down to the states and
then to the cities. We are going to have to
take care of ourselves. The Fear of the
economy wiII mobilize people to come"
and vote.

Aparicio comments, "There's a lot of
power in the vote.,, She feels that people
will go out and vote because they "are very
frightened of the high prices, unemploy- •
ment, ... / and "people get mobilized into
action not when things are going very
well, but rather when things are going
kind of bad." She adds, "Medi-Care and
Medi-Cal are being scrutinized. The federal government is not going to take care
of a lot of health problems of the people.

'I'd like to dispel the
image that a politician
is a bald white man or
someone with a cigar
in his mouth.'

As a final note, Aparicio is accepting
financi~l contributions for her campaign
As for some of the local political issues, because like she says, "Let's face it; money
Aparicio would like to see more crime is what makes a lot of the ballgame. If you
awareness programs implemented, well- cannot tell people what you can offer
planned city expansion projects developed them, they won't get the message!"
but not at the expense of agricultural
lands, rent-control to aid senior citizens
established, and more student participation in politics organized.

Page 2, La JIoz de A ztlan

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Cultural Arts
Supervisor

Letters to the editor
I

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To the editor:

1
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It is really interesting that one, as
political science professor Aruri, sees so
clearly the Palestinian dilemma; yet he so
ironically eludes the right of Israel to seek
peace. Of course, peace to me includes
Israel being accepted by its neighbors; yet
this professor holds that Israeli treatment
"towards the Arab world" is unparalleled.
What escapes his perception is the treatment of the Arab world toward Israel.
Israel, after trading the Sinai at Camp
David, is less than 9,000 square miles,
with a population of about 4 million;
whereas the 18 countries that comprise the
Arab world are about 4.6 million square
miles, with a population of over 150
million. That is roughly the area of the
San Joaquin Valley with ½ the population
density of Fresno, compared to the area of
the United States with a population density 1/ 30 that of Fresno.
Yet the Arab world, except for Egypt,
boycotts Israel and compels those natiom
that buy their oil to boycott Israel botteconomically and diplomaticaJly. Sinct
l ?48, Israel has been attacked by aggres•

s1ve alliances that sought the destructio
of its sovereignty (i.e. 1948, 1956, 1967
1973 wars). The holy wars that persist are
as much a means to dispose of Israel.

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Attempts to bring the P.L.O. to th
conference stand in full view of Ara fa
dancing over the assassination of Anwa
Sadat and the P.L.O.'s vow to destro
Israel. Syria and Libya deal willingly wit
the U .S.S.R., in order to harbor th
P.L.O. and arm against Israel.
There can be no peace without realiza
tibns on both sides - that Israel and Pal
estinians have a common stake - tha
neither will walk away from this land. It i
naive to think that tensions will cease o
that only representing one side can mea
justice. We are not in a position to decide
but can only witness what will transpire·
be it a continuing of disdain or a way fo
humanity to make amends. I pray tha
wisdom is with the latter and that peace i
in G-D's time.

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The Fresno City Parks and Recreation
Department has announced the appointment of Mabelle M. Selland as the Cultural Arts Supervisor for the City of Fresno.
The Cultural Arts Office is responsible
for developing comprehensive cultural programs, specialized creative arts instruction, administering City grants to cultural
agencies and workir'g with cultural agencies, museums and educational institutions to promote the arts and humanities.



~~~
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A comprehensive list of arts organizations, performing groups and ethnic cultural groups is kept in order to serve as a
resource to the cultural community.
Another major area of activity is grant
writing and the directing of grant projects.
As Interim Cultural Arts Supervisor, Selland recently completed a National Endowment .For The Humanities project,
which produced three videotapes on three
of the ethnic groups in Fresno. Her curren(project is a National Endowment For
The Arts, Folk Arts grant, to have the
Wright Brothers, nationally known singers of Black gospel music, as Artists in
residence in Fresno.
The best known progams of the Cultural Arts Office is CAFY, Creative Activities For You, which has been g;eatly
expanded into cultural tours, lecture series and art demonstrations.

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~WVV/~~WWVV/~~

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Jim Brooks

,-------------------------------------------------------,

rM.E.Ch.A. meeting! Central America
!today at 12:00 in the and USA
f'College Union 308
fT opic Voter
fRegistration
By David Duran
A.S. Senator

I

·--------------------------------------------------------•

Applications for editorships

of

Daily Collegian
Hye Sharzhoom
La Voz de Aztlan
Uhuru Na Umoja
are now available at the A. S. Office in CU 316.
Applications must be returned to the A.S. Office
no later than

4:00 p.m. April 23, 1982.

MOZOTE, El Salvador - From ac- U.S. corporations, who have $40 billion
counts by villagers in this small· mountain invested, and with cheap labor and natutown in Morazan Province it seems that a ral resources available. The U.S. is not
massacre of enormous numbers occurred ready to give up paying someone $3 a day,
in December. The murderers again being rather than pay an American $50 for the
described as government forces. The · same work. The U.S. is also concerned
number of people killed estimated at 482, with its image and knows it would seem
of these 280 were children younger than they were supporting the culprit if the
14. Massacre is not new to this small Latin Revolution is successful. The world is
American country, in 1932, 32,000 people viewing the intervention by the U.S. as
(4 percent of the population) were killed in bad policy, but the U.S. is determined to
a two week period, when organizing for come out on top, therefore, the aid
higher wages and better living conditions. continues.
The two sides in the Revolution enEl Salvador one of the poorest nations
in Latin America. where 2 percent of the compass all members of El Salvadors
population, known as the Fourteen Fami- society. The group now in power are the
lies own 60 percent of the land. Sixteen Christian Democrats. They represent the
percent of the people work all year round, interest of the 2 percent that have control
75 percent of the children suffer from over most of El Salvadors economy, and
' malnutrition The struggle of the Sal - also the interest of the U.S. The Christian
vadoreans is a struggle against poverty Democrats are the ones who send out the
government forces and paramilitary forand hunger and for economic, and
political freedom, and not from some ces out to villages to. "combat rebel forces."The land reforms promised consisted
abstract ideology.
The revolutionary group consists of of giving back only 2 percent of the land .
uver 150 organizations representing indus- The land given to 800 farmers with 8000
trial workers. peasants, the Catholic other farmers being assassinated. AccordChurch, small business people, students. ing to the Archdiocese of San Salvador,
teachers, lawyers, and doctors, all united over 80 percent of the 13.000 murders in
in the Democratic Revolutionary Front EI Salvador in the past year were commit( FDR). This is not a small group of lef- ted by government forces, and governists. but rather a majority of El Salvador. ment-supported paramilitary groups.
The FDR enjoys the support of over 80
The Salvadoreans have taken up arm
rerce-nt of the Salvadorean people.
to put an end to centuries of poverty and
The U.S. involvement in El Salvador is exploitation and to begin to create a
to help the government and to help the society based on social justice, freedom,
U.S. investers. The U.S. gave over $460 and economic and political democracy; a
million in military and economic aid. society designed by and run by its own
Why'? Latin America is very profitable for people.

La Voz de A ztlan, Page 3

HEP offers Opportunities
By Bobby Rodriguez
La Voz Staff Writer

"The High School Equivalency Program (HEP) at California State Univer,,, .
..<.:?•
sity, Fresno, is a specially designed, residential school for migrant and seasonal
.\:,:':" .··: .
farmworkers or their dependents, who
want to complete their high school education."
HEP is more than what those few lines
.-'. iiillll-=-.-"'f'·
describe it as. HEP is a unit of staff and
students who, together work five days a
week, and approximately 8 hours a day.
HEP is guided under the direction of
Andy Rodarte, a tough but amiable man.
Andy, along with a staff of eleven fulltime and five part-time people, work
towards the day when each student will
get their General Education Diploma
(GED) certificate. The task can take anywhere from two weeks, up to five months.
The progress depends on the student.
There are 130 students who are currently
enrolled in the program. Of those 130,
Andy estimates that l 00 are expected to
graduate and receive their GED certificate.
The students who are invited to HEP
come from a farmworking background.
They need to have earned at least 50 percent of their total income as agricultural
workers; been employed only on a seasonal basis; be at least 17 years of age ; low
income; and be a legal resident of the United States.
HEP has been in ex istence at CSU F for HEP atud•nte studying during study hall at C$UF
0
two years now . T he program was transferred from Cal Po ly, San Luis Obispo
A conflict recently arose when HEP not use the playing field, because spring
after 10 years , beca use the facility had to
students were said to be creating a nui- training for the athletic teams had begun
be used by the university.
In the two years that HEP has been on sance during their P.E. period . Andy and that they had priority. The HEP stucampus, it has . undergone and still is explained that the first attempt at estab- dents then moved their P.E. class to
undergoing "growing pains" according to lishing a small scale P.E. program failed another field, this cut down on the actual
because it was not well prepared. The stu- time they had for P.E. The field was also
Andy Rodarte.
Part of those "growing pains" revolve dents were used to "guidance and supervi- twice as far away and was available on a
around the HEP students and their sion," and there was not enough out there. first come, first serve basis.
Pat Thompson, from the Women's P.E.
adjustments to the university and vice- The students began to wander, especially
versa. "The students are quite noticeable," _ around the baseball diamond area and · Department hopes to resolve the situation. She has sent out a memo asking for
Andy candidly admits, and that some- were cited for being a nuisance. ,
Andy added that the person who called graduate students in P.E. to help out with
times can be a problem. "There are roadblocks to establishing HEP students in a him and notified him, sounded generally HEP's P.E. program.
Andy remains optimistic about the
college program ... they look different, sincere, but that upon going out to the
they dress different , and act different, they field, he could not find any problems. The situation, but admits that it can get frusstudents were later told that they could trating. HEP is still waiting for a reply to
aren't the model student," he added.
the m·e mo.

,,_j

HEP, nonetheless, continues fo function, and function it does. 70 percent of
the students are expected to stick with it
and graduate. For some it is a real
dilemma, whether to stay or not. "Some
students work their bottoms off and they
just don't seem to make it," Andy said .
Others show a whole year's progress in
one month's time. Some are married,
divorced, or have children, and have to
make the decision of whether to stick with
it or go home. And others are sent home
for disciplinary reasons.
Andy concluded by saying, "HEP is a
fantastic opportunity ... the kids say it's
their last chance and they want to make
it."

Student Services New Location
'¾rt ..\J;;\~r, --"\i
By Maria Peralez
La Voz Contributor

The Learning Assistance Center consists of The Tutorial Center, Student
Affirmative Action Program, and Progress and Advancement through Special
Services, program (P.A.S.S.). After nearly
two years of waiting they have moved to
the Keats building, next to the Daily
Collegian.

The P.A.S .S. Program offers assistance
in improving studying, reading, and writing skills. They also provide assistance in
basic college survival skills. With the new
facility, it is hoped that organizations on
campus will take advantage of the space
. provided for holding in-services, workshops, lectures, and various presentations.

The Student Affirmative Action Program is the retention component of the
Learning Center. Their function is to
advise and direct students to the different
services available o;campus.

'r.f~~;Jf4
t:.i~T::E.t~L.L~
The largest of the three components
that make up the Learning Center is the
Tutorial Center. Its director, Manuel Olgin
Jr., and his secretary, Elma Jackson, are
the only non-students in the program. The
Tutorial servict:s are run by the students
and for the students. Free tutoring is
offered to students enrolled in the course
they are seeking help in. Through the
Tutorial Program one may be tutored by a
certain department in certain subjects.

... ,

The services offered by the Learning,
Assistance Center are free to all students
and should be taken advantage of. Students are encouraged to drop in and see
what the different programs have to offer.
The central location makes it accessible to
s.tudents. Now it's a one stop place designed
to help students stay in school, improve .r.
their classes, and meet university requirements. Over all, students benefit from the
Learning Assistance Center.

Pate 4, La Voz de A ztlan

Oakland N

Pete Valenzueh

An estimated 5,00
this past Saturday i
against U.S. interve
The day-long event
march through Blac
and culminated at the
Center, where a hum
symbolize the partici
Other similar see
Washington and Los
people took part in t
of the Reagan Ad
Central America's re

La JIoz De A ztlan, Page 5 ,

al Protest
oz photographer

nstrators rallied
·and to protest
n El Salvador.
·ith a two hour
hinese ghettos
dNavalSupply
kade formed to
nger.
e conducted in
. Nearly 25,000
on-wide protest
ion's stand on
n.

Pai~ 6, ia Vo.r de A .rt/an

Feedback
By Sandra Castro and Pete Valenzuela.

Question: How has Governor Brown's recent freeze on the CSU
system's budget affected your position on campus or campus services
in general?
·

Frank Garcia: Instructor in Teacher Education and Director of the Bilip~ual /
Cross Cultural Education Development
Project.
"We really don't know the full extent of
he freezes ye_t. There is a possibility that
. me positions in .the Education Departent that are open now will not be filled

vext year. This means that there will be a
problem in providing quality programs in
education for students. We will also provide less services to students."


Ernesto Martinez: Instructor
Studies Department.
"It will affect our La Raza and Ethnic
Studies Department in that we will be cut
down in our student assistance, also in our
travel funds, and in monies for conerneces. I think the freeze will also affect

in La Raza

Dr. Lea Ybarra: Associate Professor of
La Raza Studies.
"One of the biggest effects I see is the you limit enrollment you affect those
freeze on hiring. Since we have so few students who have traditionally not been
ethnic faculty on campus as it is, it will be the first to apply: minority students, remore difficult to hire other minority fac- entry students, and those without the
ulty. In general, when you freeze the f~nces. So I think it hurts us as a combudget you limit enrollment. And when munity."

Manuel Olgin: Coordinator of the Tutori~I Program.

"We lost 40% of our funding from one
the services our department puts forth to
students. It will also affect our salaries. If of our budget sources as a direct result of
you are looking for quality instruction the freeze that Jerry Brown put down on
here on campus with the salaries they the CSU system ... The recent freeze has
affected me directly in my traveling expay- it may not be found."
penses. Traveling funds are frozen, and

the bill for conferences has to be taken out
of our own pocket. This hurts me in terms
of professional growth, professional development, and makes me unhappy as an
individual."

La Voz de A ztlan, Page 7

Olga: Candidate for U.S. Senate
By Margarita M. Martinez
La Voz Staff Writer

When the primary rolls around in June
there will be one Chicana hoping to make
history. That woman is Olga Moreno,
candidate for U.S. Congress, 30th District.
Moreno, a mother of three grown
daughters and a grandmother of two has
been actively involved in politics for 20
years. Last November she resigned as
chief deputy director of the State's Department of Fair Employment and Housing toQ
run for Congress.
While most people would agree that
Moreno should be commended for courageously challenging U.S. Representative
George E. Danielson, D-Los Angeles,
who had represe nted the 30th Congressional District fo r 12 years, Moreno is
now invol ved in a controversy with Assemblyman Matthew G. "Marty" Martinez who decided at the last minute to run
in the same district .

The controversy first began in February
when Governor Brown appointed George
E. Danielson to the California Court of
Appeals, as a result, what Chicano politicians had been hoping for happened, a
vacancy in the office.
Although the district's constituency is
56 percent Chicano, no Chicano leader
had had the courage to challenge Danielson. That is, until Moreno dedicated herself to the task.

But when Chicano leaders suddenly
realized the impact of the vacancy they
hastily tried to settle on a Chicano candidate who now would be able to run in the
30th Congressional district.

"I
have IO years experience
in the federal
government. You need
that experience. Marty
hasn't even finish his 2
.
year term 1 n the
Assembly,"
"A 'secret' meeting was held with U.S.
Rep. Edward Roybal calling most of the
shots," Moreno said. Moreno, although
uninvited, attempted to enter and was told
she could not attend the meeting. Representatives of NA LEAO (the National
Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials) told her that the meeting was about voter registration and was
only open to members.

for the 30th Congressional District, a district he had once told Moreno he would
not run for, had been endorsed. Efforts to
reach Martinez for comment were unsuccessful.
Meanwhile Moreno had arduously
campaigned since her announcement, she
has stated she will not drop out of the race.
When asked if two Chicano running
against each other would split the vote,
Moreno replied, "I hope that Chicano
voters will vote for the most qualified person. The way I look at it is that I was the
only one with enough courage to take on
an incumbent who was not His panic."
"I told Marty Martinez," she continued,
"that I wanted to run in the 30th Congressional District and didn't want to interfere
with his plans. He told me he was going to
run in the 34th so I launched a full fledged
campaign."
Moreno considers herself the most
qualified candidate running. "I have 10
years experience in the federal government. You need that experience. Marty
hasn't even finished his 2 year term in the
Assembly," expressed Moreno.

Moreno's qualifications do not prove
her wrong. She has been politically
At this meeting a slate of political can- involved since a teenager. "It is something
didates including Assemblyman Martinez that has held my interest since I was very

young," said Moreno. "In junior high
school and high school I always held offices. She was the Southern California
chairperson for the Hubert Humphrey
presidential campaign and vice chairwoman of the ational Women's Political
Caucus from 1979through 1981. lnaddition, Moreno holds a masters degree in
Education and administration .

Issues Moreno i concentrating on include unemployment, social security,
education and the development of mall
businesses to encourage the increase of
employment opportunities. In the month
ahead Moreno realizes he has far to go
but she is determined.

Asked what her future plans were if she
did not win the election Moreno confidently replied, "Since I am so positive
about winning I have made no plans."

A fundraiser is being sponsored by
M ujeres for Political Action for Olga
Moreno on Friday, April 2 startit:ig at 8
p.m. at the Fulton House on 515 Fulton
St. In addition-to Moreno, cast members
from the movie and play "Zoot Suit" will
be in attendance.

Fresno County's
Non-Voters
By Larry Banales

Philip -Deere, American Indian Movement spoke about Indian way of life on
Monday in the CU. Chicano Health Oranization s onsored his lecture.

According to John Negrete, Fresno
County's Elections Office Clerk, recent
census figures indicate that approximately 132,924 persons are eligible to vote but
are not registered. Negrete coordinates
the Fresno County Voter Outreach Program which is attempting to reduce this
number.
The eight-member Voter Outreach· Program formed four years ago and operated
on Fresno Employment and.Training Commission funds; however, because of federal cut-backs in spending, it has dwindled
to Negrete only. "The County Clerk has a
responsibility to reach all citizens in the
County, so our program exists by law,"
noted Negrete.
"One of the things we agreed to do
first," Negrete continued, "was to go to
the areas where the need was greatest. We
looked into our voter registration areas
and took an interest in where the least
registration was in comparison to its
population.
At present Negrete promotes voter registration in grammar and high schools by
pre6enting awareness workshops and
conducting mock elections. "Not only do I
get 18 year olds registered but also give the
rest of the students a heightened awareness of the voting procedure," Negrete
emphasized. ''This program has more than
one purpose," he pointed out, "no doubt
they go home and talk about it, and if their
parents are not registered, maybe it helps
to get them interested."
Perhaps the largest problem Negrete
faces is voter apathy. He breaks the apathetic voter into two main categories.
Positive Apathetics, those people content

government is useless. "People generally
don't get interested, unless, of course,
there is a local issue which gets people
emotionally involved," Negrete said.
"You'll probably have a good turnout,
better than you have for an overall aver:
age in the County, when you have an issue
like a recall," he stated, "The situation has
to be interesting to the public."

Low turnouts at the polls escalated with
the government since the Colonial days .
Although the restrictions for eligibility
were relatively easy, the qualified few still
had poor results, 4% to 6% of all people
eligible. During the Civil War period 75%
of the majority actually voted. After the
War, percentages dropped and continue
to decline today.

It is believed by many political scientists
that when a combination of belief, need,
and fear unites with the right candidate
and issues, the task of bringing refrainers
to the polls will be easier. Projects which
may reduce voter apathy include Voter
Outreach programs for registration, more
Jlexible requirement standards, more convenient absentee ballotting, a stimulation
of holiday spirit on election days, and
more relevant campaigns.

Negrete added, "Everyone should get
involved in the electoral process, because
everything we do has political ramifications." Negrete cited Arthur T. Hadley, a
political analyst, and Robert Teeter, a
with their lives who view voting as a trivial reknowned pollster. who point out that
act, compose 35%ofthe non-voting group. "this sleeping giant may awaken at a ~ost
The Politically Impotent category - 22% - inopportune time politically and upset the
are people who feel that their say in status quo."

Pag~ 8,.La JIoz de A ztlan

-

Trabajadores de la Raz
Chicanos in
Social Work meeting
Wednesday 4-14-82
12:00 noon
CU308
"Get into

mov1mento
and
help your RAZA"

students working for students ....

Come
Aboard
Become
A •
Member
Of The
AS Crew ·

P~titions Available
for

.

A.S. President
A.S. Legislative Vice-President
A.S. Administrative Vice-President
IS Senate Posts
2 CiJ Posts
Petitions Available March 29 Petitions due April 2
in the Dean of Student ·Affairs Office
Joyal -Administration 224

ELECTION April 20, 21 -a nd 22

La Voz de Aztlan
Editor: Pedro Perez
Managing Editor: Lourdes Villarreal
Production Manager: Sandra Casfro
Reporters:

Listen To

RADIO
BILINGUE
to.. ACCENTO
SABROSO
W'BBltDA.TS 4P.II. to 71!11

\,.SO

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* Musica Popular Mexlcana
* Salsa * Onda Chicana
·* Rancheras * Nortenas
* Oldies & * NEWS

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David Duran, Margarita Martinez,
Gil Mosqueda, Bobby Rodriguez
Artist: Carmen Gonzalez
Production: Larry Banales
Photographer: Pete Valenzuela
La Jloz de Aztlan is California State
University Fresno's Chicano Newspaper.
La J'oz deAztlan is located in the Keats
Campus Building, CSUF.
Editorials: (209) 294-2486. Letters to
the editor are welcomed. The newspaper
reserves the ri ht to edit all letters.
L
-DE

AZTLAN

-

Thursday, April 1, 1982

CaliJornia State University, Fresno

Aparicio hopes to inc()rporate
health into Clovis politics
By Lourdes Villarreal
La Voz Managing Editor

Running under a health platform, Irene
Lopez-Aparicio jocularly says, "Politically, people think-Health?-how political
can you get?" But Aparicio knows how
very political health issues have been and
continue to be. An intelligently dynamic
woman, Aparicio is one of eight candidates seeking a post in the Clovis City
Council election to be held on April 13th.
A past graduate of Fresno State, Aparicio is currently an occupational mental
health therapist at Fresno Community
Hospital and a part-time instructor in
health and La Raza Studies here on
campus.
"I don't think people realize how political an issue health has been. While the
citizens of Clovis might not know-(Well
she didn't put up a street sign)-1 have
helped politically for their health betterment," states Aparicio. Obtaining funds
for the mentally retarded, legislating for
shelter homes for battered women, and
establishing halfway houses for alcoholic
women have been but a few of her political
endeavors. Aparicio also feels she has
been instrumental in promoting health
care legislation for the developmentally
disabled. The results of years of hard work
have been more parking spaces and easier
access into buildings for the handicapped.

I"Things that we take for granted today,... took us writing letters and organizing
people,,, says Aparicio. She adds, "When
you help one person who has an illness
' like alcoholism or drug abuse, you're not
only helping that person, you're helping
the people that they affect ... "

So, how does Aparicio feel about "the
decade of the Hispanic?" Pausing for a
moment, she smiles and says, "The decade
of the Hispanics started before Columbus
'discovered' America." Aparicio sees the
80's as "the decade of human potential."

Thus being politically active all her life,
Aparicio feels she is ready to take on the
challenge of engaging in city politics.
Speaking with confidence, she states, "I'm
ready to make decisions. I'm scared of all
this pollution. I think health can be very
well incorporated into the politics of city
government.,,

'The decaqe of the
Hispanic started before Columbus discovered America.'

As for her chances of winning the election, Aparicio is encouraged because people like what she says about health. "l feel
I can work with other people and convince
them that we have to work in a way that
will be the most healthy for the people of
Clovis, and hopefully learn from the mistakes that other towns have made." With
such an attitude of self-confidence, one
cannot but help feel motivated by Aparicio's enthusiasm.

According to the latest census, Clovis
comprises a population of 6,443 with
Spanish surnames out of a total population of approximately 33,000. Despite
this, Aparicio -feels that Clovis has an
active Chicano community being that a
proportionate number of businesses are
owed by Raza. Aparicio states, ,,I feel that
I can represent a segment of society that
has been heretofore unrepresented on the
City Council."

Speaking on behalf of the women's
population, Aparicio says, "Historically,
Mexican women have been very political.
A woman can be a political person and
sti.fl be a mother. I'd like to dispel the
image that a politician is a bald white man
or someone with a cigar in his mouth!"

It's going to come down to the states and
then to the cities. We are going to have to
take care of ourselves. The Fear of the
economy wiII mobilize people to come"
and vote.

Aparicio comments, "There's a lot of
power in the vote.,, She feels that people
will go out and vote because they "are very
frightened of the high prices, unemploy- •
ment, ... / and "people get mobilized into
action not when things are going very
well, but rather when things are going
kind of bad." She adds, "Medi-Care and
Medi-Cal are being scrutinized. The federal government is not going to take care
of a lot of health problems of the people.

'I'd like to dispel the
image that a politician
is a bald white man or
someone with a cigar
in his mouth.'

As a final note, Aparicio is accepting
financi~l contributions for her campaign
As for some of the local political issues, because like she says, "Let's face it; money
Aparicio would like to see more crime is what makes a lot of the ballgame. If you
awareness programs implemented, well- cannot tell people what you can offer
planned city expansion projects developed them, they won't get the message!"
but not at the expense of agricultural
lands, rent-control to aid senior citizens
established, and more student participation in politics organized.

Page 2, La JIoz de A ztlan

~

Cultural Arts
Supervisor

Letters to the editor
I

j6===========il

1~
~

9~~

To the editor:

1
<
<
:1
~

It is really interesting that one, as
political science professor Aruri, sees so
clearly the Palestinian dilemma; yet he so
ironically eludes the right of Israel to seek
peace. Of course, peace to me includes
Israel being accepted by its neighbors; yet
this professor holds that Israeli treatment
"towards the Arab world" is unparalleled.
What escapes his perception is the treatment of the Arab world toward Israel.
Israel, after trading the Sinai at Camp
David, is less than 9,000 square miles,
with a population of about 4 million;
whereas the 18 countries that comprise the
Arab world are about 4.6 million square
miles, with a population of over 150
million. That is roughly the area of the
San Joaquin Valley with ½ the population
density of Fresno, compared to the area of
the United States with a population density 1/ 30 that of Fresno.
Yet the Arab world, except for Egypt,
boycotts Israel and compels those natiom
that buy their oil to boycott Israel botteconomically and diplomaticaJly. Sinct
l ?48, Israel has been attacked by aggres•

s1ve alliances that sought the destructio
of its sovereignty (i.e. 1948, 1956, 1967
1973 wars). The holy wars that persist are
as much a means to dispose of Israel.

~

/4::

~

Attempts to bring the P.L.O. to th
conference stand in full view of Ara fa
dancing over the assassination of Anwa
Sadat and the P.L.O.'s vow to destro
Israel. Syria and Libya deal willingly wit
the U .S.S.R., in order to harbor th
P.L.O. and arm against Israel.
There can be no peace without realiza
tibns on both sides - that Israel and Pal
estinians have a common stake - tha
neither will walk away from this land. It i
naive to think that tensions will cease o
that only representing one side can mea
justice. We are not in a position to decide
but can only witness what will transpire·
be it a continuing of disdain or a way fo
humanity to make amends. I pray tha
wisdom is with the latter and that peace i
in G-D's time.

~

~
<
<
<
<
<
<

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j:
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The Fresno City Parks and Recreation
Department has announced the appointment of Mabelle M. Selland as the Cultural Arts Supervisor for the City of Fresno.
The Cultural Arts Office is responsible
for developing comprehensive cultural programs, specialized creative arts instruction, administering City grants to cultural
agencies and workir'g with cultural agencies, museums and educational institutions to promote the arts and humanities.



~~~
..-:;

~~
~

}>

A comprehensive list of arts organizations, performing groups and ethnic cultural groups is kept in order to serve as a
resource to the cultural community.
Another major area of activity is grant
writing and the directing of grant projects.
As Interim Cultural Arts Supervisor, Selland recently completed a National Endowment .For The Humanities project,
which produced three videotapes on three
of the ethnic groups in Fresno. Her curren(project is a National Endowment For
The Arts, Folk Arts grant, to have the
Wright Brothers, nationally known singers of Black gospel music, as Artists in
residence in Fresno.
The best known progams of the Cultural Arts Office is CAFY, Creative Activities For You, which has been g;eatly
expanded into cultural tours, lecture series and art demonstrations.

~

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~WVV/~~WWVV/~~

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Jim Brooks

,-------------------------------------------------------,

rM.E.Ch.A. meeting! Central America
!today at 12:00 in the and USA
f'College Union 308
fT opic Voter
fRegistration
By David Duran
A.S. Senator

I

·--------------------------------------------------------•

Applications for editorships

of

Daily Collegian
Hye Sharzhoom
La Voz de Aztlan
Uhuru Na Umoja
are now available at the A. S. Office in CU 316.
Applications must be returned to the A.S. Office
no later than

4:00 p.m. April 23, 1982.

MOZOTE, El Salvador - From ac- U.S. corporations, who have $40 billion
counts by villagers in this small· mountain invested, and with cheap labor and natutown in Morazan Province it seems that a ral resources available. The U.S. is not
massacre of enormous numbers occurred ready to give up paying someone $3 a day,
in December. The murderers again being rather than pay an American $50 for the
described as government forces. The · same work. The U.S. is also concerned
number of people killed estimated at 482, with its image and knows it would seem
of these 280 were children younger than they were supporting the culprit if the
14. Massacre is not new to this small Latin Revolution is successful. The world is
American country, in 1932, 32,000 people viewing the intervention by the U.S. as
(4 percent of the population) were killed in bad policy, but the U.S. is determined to
a two week period, when organizing for come out on top, therefore, the aid
higher wages and better living conditions. continues.
The two sides in the Revolution enEl Salvador one of the poorest nations
in Latin America. where 2 percent of the compass all members of El Salvadors
population, known as the Fourteen Fami- society. The group now in power are the
lies own 60 percent of the land. Sixteen Christian Democrats. They represent the
percent of the people work all year round, interest of the 2 percent that have control
75 percent of the children suffer from over most of El Salvadors economy, and
' malnutrition The struggle of the Sal - also the interest of the U.S. The Christian
vadoreans is a struggle against poverty Democrats are the ones who send out the
government forces and paramilitary forand hunger and for economic, and
political freedom, and not from some ces out to villages to. "combat rebel forces."The land reforms promised consisted
abstract ideology.
The revolutionary group consists of of giving back only 2 percent of the land .
uver 150 organizations representing indus- The land given to 800 farmers with 8000
trial workers. peasants, the Catholic other farmers being assassinated. AccordChurch, small business people, students. ing to the Archdiocese of San Salvador,
teachers, lawyers, and doctors, all united over 80 percent of the 13.000 murders in
in the Democratic Revolutionary Front EI Salvador in the past year were commit( FDR). This is not a small group of lef- ted by government forces, and governists. but rather a majority of El Salvador. ment-supported paramilitary groups.
The FDR enjoys the support of over 80
The Salvadoreans have taken up arm
rerce-nt of the Salvadorean people.
to put an end to centuries of poverty and
The U.S. involvement in El Salvador is exploitation and to begin to create a
to help the government and to help the society based on social justice, freedom,
U.S. investers. The U.S. gave over $460 and economic and political democracy; a
million in military and economic aid. society designed by and run by its own
Why'? Latin America is very profitable for people.

La Voz de A ztlan, Page 3

HEP offers Opportunities
By Bobby Rodriguez
La Voz Staff Writer

"The High School Equivalency Program (HEP) at California State Univer,,, .
..<.:?•
sity, Fresno, is a specially designed, residential school for migrant and seasonal
.\:,:':" .··: .
farmworkers or their dependents, who
want to complete their high school education."
HEP is more than what those few lines
.-'. iiillll-=-.-"'f'·
describe it as. HEP is a unit of staff and
students who, together work five days a
week, and approximately 8 hours a day.
HEP is guided under the direction of
Andy Rodarte, a tough but amiable man.
Andy, along with a staff of eleven fulltime and five part-time people, work
towards the day when each student will
get their General Education Diploma
(GED) certificate. The task can take anywhere from two weeks, up to five months.
The progress depends on the student.
There are 130 students who are currently
enrolled in the program. Of those 130,
Andy estimates that l 00 are expected to
graduate and receive their GED certificate.
The students who are invited to HEP
come from a farmworking background.
They need to have earned at least 50 percent of their total income as agricultural
workers; been employed only on a seasonal basis; be at least 17 years of age ; low
income; and be a legal resident of the United States.
HEP has been in ex istence at CSU F for HEP atud•nte studying during study hall at C$UF
0
two years now . T he program was transferred from Cal Po ly, San Luis Obispo
A conflict recently arose when HEP not use the playing field, because spring
after 10 years , beca use the facility had to
students were said to be creating a nui- training for the athletic teams had begun
be used by the university.
In the two years that HEP has been on sance during their P.E. period . Andy and that they had priority. The HEP stucampus, it has . undergone and still is explained that the first attempt at estab- dents then moved their P.E. class to
undergoing "growing pains" according to lishing a small scale P.E. program failed another field, this cut down on the actual
because it was not well prepared. The stu- time they had for P.E. The field was also
Andy Rodarte.
Part of those "growing pains" revolve dents were used to "guidance and supervi- twice as far away and was available on a
around the HEP students and their sion," and there was not enough out there. first come, first serve basis.
Pat Thompson, from the Women's P.E.
adjustments to the university and vice- The students began to wander, especially
versa. "The students are quite noticeable," _ around the baseball diamond area and · Department hopes to resolve the situation. She has sent out a memo asking for
Andy candidly admits, and that some- were cited for being a nuisance. ,
Andy added that the person who called graduate students in P.E. to help out with
times can be a problem. "There are roadblocks to establishing HEP students in a him and notified him, sounded generally HEP's P.E. program.
Andy remains optimistic about the
college program ... they look different, sincere, but that upon going out to the
they dress different , and act different, they field, he could not find any problems. The situation, but admits that it can get frusstudents were later told that they could trating. HEP is still waiting for a reply to
aren't the model student," he added.
the m·e mo.

,,_j

HEP, nonetheless, continues fo function, and function it does. 70 percent of
the students are expected to stick with it
and graduate. For some it is a real
dilemma, whether to stay or not. "Some
students work their bottoms off and they
just don't seem to make it," Andy said .
Others show a whole year's progress in
one month's time. Some are married,
divorced, or have children, and have to
make the decision of whether to stick with
it or go home. And others are sent home
for disciplinary reasons.
Andy concluded by saying, "HEP is a
fantastic opportunity ... the kids say it's
their last chance and they want to make
it."

Student Services New Location
'¾rt ..\J;;\~r, --"\i
By Maria Peralez
La Voz Contributor

The Learning Assistance Center consists of The Tutorial Center, Student
Affirmative Action Program, and Progress and Advancement through Special
Services, program (P.A.S.S.). After nearly
two years of waiting they have moved to
the Keats building, next to the Daily
Collegian.

The P.A.S .S. Program offers assistance
in improving studying, reading, and writing skills. They also provide assistance in
basic college survival skills. With the new
facility, it is hoped that organizations on
campus will take advantage of the space
. provided for holding in-services, workshops, lectures, and various presentations.

The Student Affirmative Action Program is the retention component of the
Learning Center. Their function is to
advise and direct students to the different
services available o;campus.

'r.f~~;Jf4
t:.i~T::E.t~L.L~
The largest of the three components
that make up the Learning Center is the
Tutorial Center. Its director, Manuel Olgin
Jr., and his secretary, Elma Jackson, are
the only non-students in the program. The
Tutorial servict:s are run by the students
and for the students. Free tutoring is
offered to students enrolled in the course
they are seeking help in. Through the
Tutorial Program one may be tutored by a
certain department in certain subjects.

... ,

The services offered by the Learning,
Assistance Center are free to all students
and should be taken advantage of. Students are encouraged to drop in and see
what the different programs have to offer.
The central location makes it accessible to
s.tudents. Now it's a one stop place designed
to help students stay in school, improve .r.
their classes, and meet university requirements. Over all, students benefit from the
Learning Assistance Center.

Pate 4, La Voz de A ztlan

Oakland N

Pete Valenzueh

An estimated 5,00
this past Saturday i
against U.S. interve
The day-long event
march through Blac
and culminated at the
Center, where a hum
symbolize the partici
Other similar see
Washington and Los
people took part in t
of the Reagan Ad
Central America's re

La JIoz De A ztlan, Page 5 ,

al Protest
oz photographer

nstrators rallied
·and to protest
n El Salvador.
·ith a two hour
hinese ghettos
dNavalSupply
kade formed to
nger.
e conducted in
. Nearly 25,000
on-wide protest
ion's stand on
n.

Pai~ 6, ia Vo.r de A .rt/an

Feedback
By Sandra Castro and Pete Valenzuela.

Question: How has Governor Brown's recent freeze on the CSU
system's budget affected your position on campus or campus services
in general?
·

Frank Garcia: Instructor in Teacher Education and Director of the Bilip~ual /
Cross Cultural Education Development
Project.
"We really don't know the full extent of
he freezes ye_t. There is a possibility that
. me positions in .the Education Departent that are open now will not be filled

vext year. This means that there will be a
problem in providing quality programs in
education for students. We will also provide less services to students."


Ernesto Martinez: Instructor
Studies Department.
"It will affect our La Raza and Ethnic
Studies Department in that we will be cut
down in our student assistance, also in our
travel funds, and in monies for conerneces. I think the freeze will also affect

in La Raza

Dr. Lea Ybarra: Associate Professor of
La Raza Studies.
"One of the biggest effects I see is the you limit enrollment you affect those
freeze on hiring. Since we have so few students who have traditionally not been
ethnic faculty on campus as it is, it will be the first to apply: minority students, remore difficult to hire other minority fac- entry students, and those without the
ulty. In general, when you freeze the f~nces. So I think it hurts us as a combudget you limit enrollment. And when munity."

Manuel Olgin: Coordinator of the Tutori~I Program.

"We lost 40% of our funding from one
the services our department puts forth to
students. It will also affect our salaries. If of our budget sources as a direct result of
you are looking for quality instruction the freeze that Jerry Brown put down on
here on campus with the salaries they the CSU system ... The recent freeze has
affected me directly in my traveling expay- it may not be found."
penses. Traveling funds are frozen, and

the bill for conferences has to be taken out
of our own pocket. This hurts me in terms
of professional growth, professional development, and makes me unhappy as an
individual."

La Voz de A ztlan, Page 7

Olga: Candidate for U.S. Senate
By Margarita M. Martinez
La Voz Staff Writer

When the primary rolls around in June
there will be one Chicana hoping to make
history. That woman is Olga Moreno,
candidate for U.S. Congress, 30th District.
Moreno, a mother of three grown
daughters and a grandmother of two has
been actively involved in politics for 20
years. Last November she resigned as
chief deputy director of the State's Department of Fair Employment and Housing toQ
run for Congress.
While most people would agree that
Moreno should be commended for courageously challenging U.S. Representative
George E. Danielson, D-Los Angeles,
who had represe nted the 30th Congressional District fo r 12 years, Moreno is
now invol ved in a controversy with Assemblyman Matthew G. "Marty" Martinez who decided at the last minute to run
in the same district .

The controversy first began in February
when Governor Brown appointed George
E. Danielson to the California Court of
Appeals, as a result, what Chicano politicians had been hoping for happened, a
vacancy in the office.
Although the district's constituency is
56 percent Chicano, no Chicano leader
had had the courage to challenge Danielson. That is, until Moreno dedicated herself to the task.

But when Chicano leaders suddenly
realized the impact of the vacancy they
hastily tried to settle on a Chicano candidate who now would be able to run in the
30th Congressional district.

"I
have IO years experience
in the federal
government. You need
that experience. Marty
hasn't even finish his 2
.
year term 1 n the
Assembly,"
"A 'secret' meeting was held with U.S.
Rep. Edward Roybal calling most of the
shots," Moreno said. Moreno, although
uninvited, attempted to enter and was told
she could not attend the meeting. Representatives of NA LEAO (the National
Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials) told her that the meeting was about voter registration and was
only open to members.

for the 30th Congressional District, a district he had once told Moreno he would
not run for, had been endorsed. Efforts to
reach Martinez for comment were unsuccessful.
Meanwhile Moreno had arduously
campaigned since her announcement, she
has stated she will not drop out of the race.
When asked if two Chicano running
against each other would split the vote,
Moreno replied, "I hope that Chicano
voters will vote for the most qualified person. The way I look at it is that I was the
only one with enough courage to take on
an incumbent who was not His panic."
"I told Marty Martinez," she continued,
"that I wanted to run in the 30th Congressional District and didn't want to interfere
with his plans. He told me he was going to
run in the 34th so I launched a full fledged
campaign."
Moreno considers herself the most
qualified candidate running. "I have 10
years experience in the federal government. You need that experience. Marty
hasn't even finished his 2 year term in the
Assembly," expressed Moreno.

Moreno's qualifications do not prove
her wrong. She has been politically
At this meeting a slate of political can- involved since a teenager. "It is something
didates including Assemblyman Martinez that has held my interest since I was very

young," said Moreno. "In junior high
school and high school I always held offices. She was the Southern California
chairperson for the Hubert Humphrey
presidential campaign and vice chairwoman of the ational Women's Political
Caucus from 1979through 1981. lnaddition, Moreno holds a masters degree in
Education and administration .

Issues Moreno i concentrating on include unemployment, social security,
education and the development of mall
businesses to encourage the increase of
employment opportunities. In the month
ahead Moreno realizes he has far to go
but she is determined.

Asked what her future plans were if she
did not win the election Moreno confidently replied, "Since I am so positive
about winning I have made no plans."

A fundraiser is being sponsored by
M ujeres for Political Action for Olga
Moreno on Friday, April 2 startit:ig at 8
p.m. at the Fulton House on 515 Fulton
St. In addition-to Moreno, cast members
from the movie and play "Zoot Suit" will
be in attendance.

Fresno County's
Non-Voters
By Larry Banales

Philip -Deere, American Indian Movement spoke about Indian way of life on
Monday in the CU. Chicano Health Oranization s onsored his lecture.

According to John Negrete, Fresno
County's Elections Office Clerk, recent
census figures indicate that approximately 132,924 persons are eligible to vote but
are not registered. Negrete coordinates
the Fresno County Voter Outreach Program which is attempting to reduce this
number.
The eight-member Voter Outreach· Program formed four years ago and operated
on Fresno Employment and.Training Commission funds; however, because of federal cut-backs in spending, it has dwindled
to Negrete only. "The County Clerk has a
responsibility to reach all citizens in the
County, so our program exists by law,"
noted Negrete.
"One of the things we agreed to do
first," Negrete continued, "was to go to
the areas where the need was greatest. We
looked into our voter registration areas
and took an interest in where the least
registration was in comparison to its
population.
At present Negrete promotes voter registration in grammar and high schools by
pre6enting awareness workshops and
conducting mock elections. "Not only do I
get 18 year olds registered but also give the
rest of the students a heightened awareness of the voting procedure," Negrete
emphasized. ''This program has more than
one purpose," he pointed out, "no doubt
they go home and talk about it, and if their
parents are not registered, maybe it helps
to get them interested."
Perhaps the largest problem Negrete
faces is voter apathy. He breaks the apathetic voter into two main categories.
Positive Apathetics, those people content

government is useless. "People generally
don't get interested, unless, of course,
there is a local issue which gets people
emotionally involved," Negrete said.
"You'll probably have a good turnout,
better than you have for an overall aver:
age in the County, when you have an issue
like a recall," he stated, "The situation has
to be interesting to the public."

Low turnouts at the polls escalated with
the government since the Colonial days .
Although the restrictions for eligibility
were relatively easy, the qualified few still
had poor results, 4% to 6% of all people
eligible. During the Civil War period 75%
of the majority actually voted. After the
War, percentages dropped and continue
to decline today.

It is believed by many political scientists
that when a combination of belief, need,
and fear unites with the right candidate
and issues, the task of bringing refrainers
to the polls will be easier. Projects which
may reduce voter apathy include Voter
Outreach programs for registration, more
Jlexible requirement standards, more convenient absentee ballotting, a stimulation
of holiday spirit on election days, and
more relevant campaigns.

Negrete added, "Everyone should get
involved in the electoral process, because
everything we do has political ramifications." Negrete cited Arthur T. Hadley, a
political analyst, and Robert Teeter, a
with their lives who view voting as a trivial reknowned pollster. who point out that
act, compose 35%ofthe non-voting group. "this sleeping giant may awaken at a ~ost
The Politically Impotent category - 22% - inopportune time politically and upset the
are people who feel that their say in status quo."

Pag~ 8,.La JIoz de A ztlan

-

Trabajadores de la Raz
Chicanos in
Social Work meeting
Wednesday 4-14-82
12:00 noon
CU308
"Get into

mov1mento
and
help your RAZA"

students working for students ....

Come
Aboard
Become
A •
Member
Of The
AS Crew ·

P~titions Available
for

.

A.S. President
A.S. Legislative Vice-President
A.S. Administrative Vice-President
IS Senate Posts
2 CiJ Posts
Petitions Available March 29 Petitions due April 2
in the Dean of Student ·Affairs Office
Joyal -Administration 224

ELECTION April 20, 21 -a nd 22

La Voz de Aztlan
Editor: Pedro Perez
Managing Editor: Lourdes Villarreal
Production Manager: Sandra Casfro
Reporters:

Listen To

RADIO
BILINGUE
to.. ACCENTO
SABROSO
W'BBltDA.TS 4P.II. to 71!11

\,.SO

I\

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K
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* Musica Popular Mexlcana
* Salsa * Onda Chicana
·* Rancheras * Nortenas
* Oldies & * NEWS

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F .M
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David Duran, Margarita Martinez,
Gil Mosqueda, Bobby Rodriguez
Artist: Carmen Gonzalez
Production: Larry Banales
Photographer: Pete Valenzuela
La Jloz de Aztlan is California State
University Fresno's Chicano Newspaper.
La J'oz deAztlan is located in the Keats
Campus Building, CSUF.
Editorials: (209) 294-2486. Letters to
the editor are welcomed. The newspaper
reserves the ri ht to edit all letters.

Item sets