La Voz de Aztlan, March 29 1978
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, March 29 1978
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
3/29/1978
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00092
extracted text
NUESTRO spotlights Barrio
CSUF wants no chicanos ?
BY FELIX GUTIERREZ and
MARIO EVANGELISTA
(Reprinted witn p~rmissi,J.1 fFOm
1\JUEST~O m:..!,!azine.)
F
ranelsco G. Barrio prooo:.1Iy
won't be teaching at California's
Fresno State University next
fall. That might sarp:dse those who
know !lim. Fo:- Barrio~ 4-4, has had
a long and p:o:luctive career as an
artist (one-man show:; ln his n-itive
New Mexico, Texas, Californta an'i .)ther
states) and as an art educator (teachinl in CSUF's art d8partment since
1973).
He ·na.s· :1lso worked closely
wHh art groups in the barrio :ind p:1blished .uticles in scholarly jo·Jrn'lls.
Yet despite all this, the PlLTJ has
been d,~aied tenure and given a "te·~minal year'' · co.1tract - -mea~ii.ng t_hat
the senfor p:~o!essors in Jis d·~partment feal he is -:.inquallfied for . a loug-
term teaching p0sition.
Like a. n:.imber of other Chicano university p·:ofes5ors, Barrio learned :he
hard W:iY that getting a d,)ctorate an.1
3. faculty position ire only s:eppingstones lead~nz to the r0.3.l hurdle: earning a loni-term job on a university
faculty.
This is because most pro~ess'J.l'S are
usually h1re1, at first, on probatio.:iary or "tenure track" contracts, generally for fo'Jr to six years. Tow::i.rd
the end o! this period_, they are evaluated by the o~der me mhers ~! the faculty.
If their record ls cmvinzing, they are
granted tenure, a "perm::inent" teaching
contract to retirement. If not, they
meet Fran~is~o Barrio's fate --termination.
And ln ~he tenure game, the card;
seem stack~d against Latinos.
Indeed, says Barrio, the U.S. educattond system is "racist as :3. given
fact'' Strong words, but they are
amp~y buttress-ad by the axperiences o:
other Chican·o ;)ro!essors in California during the I)1St few years.
"We have pm1etrated the iligher ed1catio.:1 establishment, but the question
is w~1ether or not we will sarvive,"
says Arturo Madrid, Chairman of the
Natio.ul Council m.1 Chicano High Educatio.1 (NCCHE).
To prove his J)'Jlnt, he ticks off the
names o: six Chic:1110 r,:~holars who !ailed
to get tenure at University of califor nia camp1ses in the Jnst three years.
Madrid . who was himself d,~nied tenure
at UC San Diego before being named
chairman of the deinrtm~nt of Spanish
and Portuguese at the University of
Minnesota, · p::edlcts more fights for
tenure in the near future --and w!th
go•.:>d .reaipn..
enured faculty o!ten coatrol univer sity po1icles, hiring d,~clsions, pro mo·~ions, an1 curriculum. Denying Chicano faculty meml.>P.rs tenure thus e.x:(Please turn to pg. 2)
T
Francisco Barrio
.B.A WG,_
···••&••
.Chicano .Film Nominated
Stu dents demonstrate in front of
Fresno City Holl
In tbe midst of an era· wt1ere
Hollyw1,od films do not tm1ch
Chicano themes comes a Chicano film which has received an
Oscar nomination •.
"Agueda Martinez: our People,
our CO'Jntry," has been nominated for an Oscar award 1n the
Short Subject category. The
film tells the story of an 80year-old curandera, Agueda
Martinez, who lives on a small
farm ln New Mexico.
Producar Moctesuma Esparza
and director Esperanza Vasquez
state that out of the strength
and endurance of sra. Martinez,
~ domlna."lt theme a·merges, That
or the relationship between a
person and his/her environment.
Sra., Martinez rejects TV and
uses :3. WfJOd-burning stove. Her
land · provides everything she
needs such as food, clothing,
and shelter (her housa is made
of earth).
, In one of Sra. Martinez's
concluding lines she says,(Engl-
ish translation), "Th.~ Earth is
the only thinz that gives life and
when one goes oo.ck to it, it eats
you up,"
tesu:n~ Espa.n a Produ-~Uons> a
Chicano !Um company formed
in 1974.
Esparza and Vasquez have
previo:isly pcoducecl a f1~m too-e-
ther shortly after they met in
1970. The film w.:.s '' Requiem
2:l", a film ::i.'.10ut the terror of
the riot that resulted in the
Continued on Page 2
Epidemic Of Violence
'
Agueda Martinez was exhibited
at Filmex last stprig on a bill
with Les Blank's "Chulas Frm1teras'', a 60-minute documentary
about Tex-Mex (Texas-Mexlcan
or ranchera) music.
The Iilm fs p:::-odr1eed by Mo7-
.
MALDEF takes the cas_e to Attorney Genera I
\
The Mexican American Legal Defense
Education Fund (MA..LDEF) stepped up
its efforts recently when MALDEF's
president and general counsel, Vilma
Martinez, wrote to US Attorney General
Griffen Sa U d1~maniin6 that the federal
government become active in balting
Chicano genocide.
But MALDEF spokespersons are not
particularly encouraged by the response
it received.
''The Justice Department's response
brought home to us how the government is not going to go m1t 011 a Umb
for this," Elizabeth Benedict of MALDEF
told LA VOZ Moaday.
Martinez, who ls also a University
of California regent, told Bell that "o1ficfa.l violence against Chi.2nos had
reached epidemic proportions in the
Southwest."
"We - stated that this violence was
a severe, wldespread ••. and highly
emo~onal phenomenen/' the Chic;im.
atto:.·ney told Bell.
''The situation has no easy solutions.
It's a problem of incredible racism,''
she said. "Even if the justice d9JE,rtment takes a stand to help us, it's still
a huge, huge problem. Lo:>k ho·w long
it's taking equality to come aro·undsince
the civil rights movement began."
Benedict said although the Justice Department knew about som~ of the cases,
MALDEF's request has prompted the
federal government to begin viewing
other cases p:evim1sly unk.nov.a to the
department.
She s1.ld altho·agh the Justice Departm~nt, in a few extreme cases, has become tnvo1ved through th~ FBI _or federal prosecutio.as, a more systematic
federal response must dea-1 wtth "the
, current outbreak or vio1ence oy tnose
"Who are charged to ~nforce the law.''
MALDEF. sent to Bell documentation
giving "bare bone details of 30 incldents of official brutality" and is investigating another 40 cases.
The MALDEF letter s~nt to Griffen
rep'J:.."ts that in the last two years, ,
16 Chicanos were killed and many more
beaten or s~verely wo·Jnded by law officers in California, New Mexico, Colo- ,
rado, and Texas.
'' This violence refiects widespread
Ia w o!ficer mentality that equates a
gun and 1 badge with being the local
embodiment oI the supr~me authority
or the law," Martinez states,
''In many of these cases, the state
judicfa.I system h'ls proved 1mcm1cernea
or inadequate to punish the per~trators
of violence. The quality oi response
by local prosecutors, judges and jurors
in many cases reflects the rampant
p:rejud.lce against Mexican Americans in
many parts of the Southwest."
MALDEF cites one case in w!lich
. an Dakland, Califo:rn.~.a man was stopped
amt searched in connection with a stolen
car investigation. He was forced into
a "spread-eagle'' p'lsition and a cocked •
gun wts held at his head. The search
ended when the ~W·:>ffic9rshotandkilled
the man. The officer violated all or
the ·., C>akland Police Department pro cedires for such a search. According to MA.LDEF's sources, the possibility of p'JliCc co·~er-up ~s under investigation
In another case in Denver, Colorado,
two private citizans -- one Mexican
American, the other An 6lo- - "exchanged
w·:>rds'' while JX}.ssing m1 the street.
The white man returned to his house,
bro-Jght out a gun a.nd shot and killed
the Chicano. The Police Deinrtment
allegedly melted the shotgun used for
the m11rder and, because the shotgun
was the main piece of evid·:mce, further
charges were drop,ed..
ln her letter to the Attorney General,
Ms. Ma:tinez urges him to view these
tw·, cases, and the additional 28 that
MAL.JEF dtJo~uments, n'Jt s:i.mp~.y as isolated incld~nts o! vio1ence ·out as an
"epidemic · of violence and hatred dir~cted against Mexican Americans, a
mtional minority w!to are --in many
of the communities where they are terrorized-- a dts-anfra.nc~sed majority."
· Martinez recommends that the Justice
De~rtment commit its~lf not only to
halting this wave of vioience but, to
developing an over-all c3.mpaign. w!lich
would "a1dress the und2rlying problem
revealed by these incidents."
Martinez asks for more numerous
Investigatioas · by the FBI, for federal
prosec:.1ttons and, mo::a generally, for
the moral leadership or the AtJorney
General and his staff.
Students and other concerned individuals are enco-Jraged to write Bell and
their congressmen ~sklng for a strong
an,1 real resp:>ase to MALDEFs efforts.
Mar.::b Z9, 1378
LA VOZ d9 AZTLAN
COMENTAR 10
The American
"DoubleStandard"
Dream?
WASlflNGTON (AP)--ABOUT 50 ANGRY FARMERS FORCED
THEIR WAY INTO THE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT'S MAIN
OFFICE BUILDING TODAY, ASSAULTING SEVERAL GOVERN_
MENT SECURITY GUARDS AND OCCUPYING AN INNER PATIO
BEFORE THEY WERE FORCED TO LEA VE BY FEDERAL
RIOT POLICE •••
••• SOME FIRECRACKERS WERE SET OFF BY THE FARM
ERS INSIDE THE BUILDING, CAUSING BYSTANDERS TO THINK
THEY WERE GUNSHOTS. • • THE FARMERS PUSHED THEIR
WAY THROUGH, BREAKING A DOOR AS THEY ENTERED•••
• • • ONE FARMER, NOT IDENTIFIED, WAS TAKEN INTO
TEMPORARY . CUSTODY, (A SECURITY AIDE) SAID THAT
"WE PROBABLY WON'T CHARGE, HE'S JUST A HOTHEAD." ••
.' •• WALTER EVANOFF, DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE FEDERAL
PROTECTIVE SERVICE, SAID LATER THAT THE FARMER
WOULD BE RELEASED BECAUSE 11 WE MADE A DEAL TO KEEP
THEM FROM TEARING THE BUILDING DOWN. 11 • • •
Incredible. As expected? Probably the immediate reaction
is to cringe with outrage, maybe frustration, and then finally·
bitterness at the obvious insult of the double-standard exposed
through the above national news story.
How can we help but think of the times that minoritles-dell]onstrating for justice as the U.S. farmers now do in the fight
for price par~ty--were faced with similar circumstances only
to
suffer the swift
and often merciless fist of this system's
"justice'' smash through our ranks.
About the only kind of deal we would ever be offered is ''you
stop demonstrating or we shoot on the spot.'' Notice that when
the farmers come out to make waves about what they feel is right
they are called "hotheads" and released. We're called trouble- '
makers, outside agitators, and get charged with everything in
the book. You know that if it had been us throwing _lirecricker·s~,
we would have been met with volley after volley of gunshots.
So we sound like somebody with a chip on our shoulders?
Maybe so.
We can sympathize with working persons who
just want their fair share of the deal. Mo:re power to the farmers
I
for not just sitting back and taking the short end of the stick.
But remember who denounced us for trying to wake people
up to realities and inequities (especially in the area of agricultural labor) that . existed and needed to be dealt with in our society?
Remember who labeled us "communists, etc.•• when we
marched and demonstrated • • • you can bet if we had jammed
the nation's streets with tractors we would have been jammed
into the nation's jails.
Axioms like "work within the system" become insults at
such times, expecially when the evidence of the double-standard
we have suffered from for so long blares out.
If nothing else, hopefully the farmer's current plight will
bear out the contention that civil rights and farm labor advocates
have had to use to m.ake any gains: that sometimes we must
make a lot of noise to get anywhere.
After all the shit we've endured throgh our anti-war marches .
boycotts, demonstrations, and walkouts ••• not to mention the
'
more "in-the-system'' approaches -- it is very tempting to tell
those farmers, "America--Love It or Leave rt."
But then, ••• we would be guilty of the same hypocrisy and
double-standards ••• wouldn't we?
Felix J. Contreras
Elvia Ruiz
Rudy Gallardo, Arturo Ocampo,
Pedro Ramirez, Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Geor-ge Verdugo, Pedro Ramirez,
Sal Garcia
Artista
Carlos
Guzman
Photographer
Contributors
Cindy Cabrera, Maria Correa,
· Bobby Galvan, Liz Santillan, Luis Sepulveda
Ometeot 1
Spiritual Advisor
Editor
Assistant Editor
Reporters
LA VOZ DE AZTLAN is a special edition of the Daily Collegian
Mini-Corps 2nd Year
Of Helping Migrants
After a very successful first
year, CSUF's Mini•Co:rps will
be startin.; their s-econd sehool
year pro~m this fall. This
program is d,asigned to provido
direct educational service to mi-
grant children ti!lring the regular
sehool year andp:rovide the MiniCorps students with a pre-credential experience that wm be
valuable to them when they become fully credentialed bilingual
teachers ..
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Ed:1catioo
Act and is under CSUF's School
o! Education. Each Mini-Corps
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to help cover
llvin_g and educational expenses,
The program is looking for
Junior and Senio:r students as
they begin their . course w:Jrk in
the School of Education. Those
selected fo:r the program should
have some experience working
with migrant children or have
Continued from Page l
been migrant children themchanging.''
death o! The Times newsman
selves. They must J..1..rn be blEsiXi,rza potnts to other Holly- · lingual and have a grade point
Ruben Salazar.
Es;nrza said there have been W,Jod films :>eing mo'Jllted: "Am~
average oI 2.5 or better.
erican Me," "The Milagro Beanmany Hollywood entries in ''black
. A~plication deadline for next
cinema'', but they stlll have not . field War," "On the Border."
year s program is
April 211
He s:1id, "HoUywood is on the
touched Chiea.10 themes,
therefore persons interested in
"They haven't been dealt with · verge of proving or dlspro-ving
the. program an-:1 who Would like
to its~lf whether or not there is
for a variety of reason~~,'' said
more informa.tion should dro;> by
the gold mine amo;ig Latins the
Esinrza, "Mo.stly, it's a refiecour office which is located in the
same w~y there is amoung blacks.
tiou of our situation in society.
Ed-Psych Building, R~m 153 or
There are going to b~ a lot of
We're invisible;therefore, we're
call 487-2067.
films.''invisible in Hollywood, But that's
Oscar Nomination
Barrios: "Racist U.S. Educational System"
eludes them from many crltlcal deciss1oas 9.11<1 1)9rpetuates a form o! secondclass citizenship.
The nine-campus University of californla system has a grand to1al ol 16
tenured Chicano faculty members. Only
four of them came up through the ranks;
the other twelve earned tenure elsewhere and transferred to the UC sys tem.
A 1976 report estimated the total
number of Chicano professors nationally
as less than 750 and reported that
"most of those are not on tenure tracks/'
Several factors work against Chicano
pro!essors who are up for tenure
''Chicano faculty members ar~ seen
.as leaders by many people/, expla!m
Tomas Rivera, NCCHE board member ·
and vice president for administratk,. .
at the University ot Texas at San Antonio.
As -a result, they are sought out by
minority students asked to help com~
munlty organjz3.tlons, and named as
minority represen~tives to. university
committees. All those thin,zs take time
time that could have gon: to career~
boJsting research and publication.
"It used to be 'publish or perish,'
but for Chica.nos it's 'publish and perish," says a University of Texas faculty member denied tenure last year.
This is because Chieano!aculty s,)me•
times publish p.imartly in ethnic studies
jailrnals, rather than the mainline jour-
1
of. u~~•r fields.
that, says Dr. Carlos M\lllOZ
UC Berkeley, ''Chicano research
1s non-traditional. !t often challe112eS
eyoncl
of
traditional research and consequently
been categoriz~d as 'not valuefree research' or 'radical research.' "
Monoz also objects to the fact that
most Chicano junior faculty are review-•
ed by white tenure faculty. And for
some white tenured faculty• their value
systems and areas in which they are
the established authority are beingchallenged.''
To help Chicano professors build up
their research and publishing records,
the Betkeley-blsed .~CCHE is administering a $105,---FordFounchtiongrant
funding postdoctoral fellowships !or Chicano faculty in universities where
p'Jblishing is a majm.· critei:ia !or tenure.
Last year, 42 Chica.no junior faculty
from across the country applied for the
fellowsblps and 14 were s~Ieeted.
·
The fellow~hlps, which are supple-
' has
mented by contributions from ·each uni-'
versity, allow tlle professors to 1ake
a year or semester away from teach-
ing and other campus commitments and
devote the time to resgarch and writing.
The postdoctoral fellowships should
help !hose coming up for tenure, but
they come too late for thosg like CSUF's
Barrio.
So he has decided to fight his termination through legal channels.
"At first I thought 'the hell w.tth ft,'
but then I felt I could do some good
bv fle:hling," Barrio says.
"If we 1'.-!c them do !t, it juSt makes
It easier for them n!xt time they want
to make a move against a Chica.no
This will give them somethin6 to re~
member me by.''
-
March 29, 1978
LA VOZ. d'= AZTLAN
Page 3
Chicanno gra uation MAPA candidates
deadline April 21
are five _minorities
The Second Annual Chicano
commencement, bringing together relatives and friends of
CSUF Chicano graduates will be
held May 19, at the Fresno County Fairgrounds.
The Chicano Alumni Association, sponsors of the event, say
the celebration is unique because
parents and relatives of each
graduate are equallly acknowledged for the encouragement and
support they have provided. The
entire community is invited to
attend.
The btungual program lncludes
dinner, music and dancing. Reservations for dinner must be
ma.de in advance by ea.ch participating graduate.
Prospective - graduates who
Applications
CSUF's Mini-Corps 1s acceptinr applications for its second
school year program this fall.
This program is designed to
provide direct educational ~ervtce to migrant children during
the regular school year and provide the Mini-Corps students with
a pre-credential experience that
will be valuable to them when
they finally become fully credentialed bilingual teachers.
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Education
Act and ts under CSUF's School
of Education. Each Mini-Cor~
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to h131P cover
livine; and eduGa,tional expenses.
The Third Wor1.d Coalition
is pre.3ently a group made of
studeuis fro~ Tewaquachi, Iranian students, the Fresno chapter
and the northern Caiifornia chapter, Chicanos .from MEChA, students for safe anergy, Pan African Union, and independent s.tudents who are concerned about
the fast-food-type edu~ation they
are getting at CSUF presently.,
The group's activHies are
organizing against the university's reorganization plan, the
harassing of honest faculty by
the cutthroat com.petition for sur-
Lesly Kimber t a black ean1ldate s~ekin6 a Fresl10 County
Board o! Supervisors i)'Jsitioil,
is :1mong 10 cand'; dates ba~ked
by the Mexican-American Politica.l Association (MAP A).
MAPA also voted support for
four other minorltles at its endo:!.'s.~ment convention ~wo weeks
ago: Judg;.?S Al Villa anj H1gh
GMdwi.!l, Robert A_rro1oandJohn
Ramirez.
But, MAPA voted an open endorsement for the 3oth Assembly
position. President ~omas Nunez
said an open endorsement allows
MAP A members to W\lrk for the
candidate of their choice.
1
vival among supposedly intelligent professors, the administration's plans of elimi nating cultural studies programs, the undermining of minority teachers
in non-ethnic studies departments (see Barrios story), and
the hatchet administration of
Volpp and Baxter.
We encourage students, teachers, community people, and
any_one else in whatever shape
o~~ form to. attend our meetings
in the Stud·ent. Union Mondays
at 11:00 a.IT). Come and find
out what it's au about!. ·
In that state legislature race,
Julio Calderon, a former Fresno
television station i:_eporter, is .
opposed by Bruce Bronzan, Jim
Costa, Qctavia Dierner, andRlck
Jensen.
Kimber, publisher of the minority oriented California Advocate in Fresno, seeks Supervisor '
Post No. 1, vacated by Super-
visor Jon Ventura's decision not
to seek re-election.
Incumbent Municipal Court
Judges Al Villa and Hugh Goodwin were endorsed for re-elec-tion to the bench.
Other MAPA endorsements:
Tony Cuello for the lith Congressional District.
Incumbent Richard Lehmanfor
the 31st Assembly District.
Incumbent Hal McKinney for
Fresno County Sheriff.
Anthony Capozzi for District
Attorney.
John Kazer for Public Administrator.
Robert Arroyo for Fresno
County schools superintendent.
John Ramirez for county clerk.
MAPA refused to give endorsements in three other races: the
17th Congressional District, the
30th Assembly District, Supervisors Post No. 4, and the Assessor's Office.
~
Deaf .Ch .icano student wins
college presidencv
The program is looking for
junior and senior students as
they begin their course work in
the School of Education. Those
selected for the program should
have some"' experience w-orking
with migrant children or have
been migrant children themselves. They must also be bilingual and have a grade point
average of 2.5 or better.
Application deadline for next
year's program is April 21.
Persons interested in the program can get more information
in Ed-Psych 153, ext. 2067.
HET
monies must submit their applications by April 21. Applications are available in the La
Raza Studies Office, EOP Office
and the Tutorial Center.
For more information contact
Ernesto Martinez at 487-2428,
Tony Garduque at 487-1020 or
Manuel Olgin at 487-2924.
Coalitio·n: 'fast-food
-education'
ready
for Mini-Corps
wish to take p1.rt 1n the cere-
The newly elected studerit boj}'
president at Ohlone College is
a deaf man who hooos to be
preside[).t _o! the United States
some day.
Roa Martinez, 23, desp~te his
deafness, became tascinatedwHh
politics and '1m.s elected class
president at a private d1~a.f scho::>!
and public high schonl befm.-e
entering Ohlone.
"I am trying to ;,ho'N 1'?af
students they can -a.chieve w:iat
they wls~," said JJartinez.. "My
go:11 is to become the first dea!
president of the United States."
At Ohlone: a community co!lege
w!th 9,000 students,
Martinez hel~d organize a student political party that elected four o! the five winners in
the student governmen~ election.
The p-a.rty promised to liberalize· a college grading policy s-:>
that students can drop cours~s
later in the quarter wnen they
think they are failing.
Martinez speaks by s~gn ~nguage.
''I can lip read well enoagh
to carry on the normal pi:-esident's duties" s:iid Martinez. "I
only need an interpreter for large
meetings .."
Before he runs for president
Martinez plans ·to become a
teacher at the college in eco ••
nomics and become a lawyer.
hotli~e seeks Spanish speakers
The Fresno based HET (Help
in Emotional Trouble) hotline
is seeking Spanish-speaktng vol- unteers to train for telephone
counseling and referral service.
Bobbe Heizman, HET staff
member, the no11-profit o:rga.nization is looking for volunteers
with fluency in Spanish to
help in assisting non-English
ap::'3.:cing callers they receive •.
If enough volunteers are interested, a Spanish-speaking only
hotline wm · then be op:med for
the com1mmity.
"We w~nt p,~op1e who generally care aoo-ut ~o_¥>Ie and have
a feeling about people," s:1id
Heizman.
She estimates that HET gets
an average or 10-15 non-English
speaking callers per mouth and
they must refer them to other
source•; oecause they do not have
vo~un~ears who can communicate
with them.
Heizman is optimistic abo·Jt
opening a hotline for Spanishspeaking mem':>ers of the com-
munity slnce she sees a need .
for such a hotline. She for-
sees people becoming involved
in this hotline.
''We have a large po:.·tionofo·a r
community who speak only Spanish. Why should they not be
included in services we offer
the English-speaking po,_J1lation," said Heizma..1.
''We ·are all human beinis
and we .all have crises at one
time rn.· '.l,1oiher.''
Heizman speculates that a minimum of s~ven Spanish-speaktng
volunteers are needed to ::>pen
the Sp.:i.nish hotun,~.
Ten to
fifteen volunteers are needad to
keap the hotline open on a regular basis, she said.
Curl·~ntly, a few CSUF stud·ants are working with HET as
volunteers
to
aid tM-m
be ·
fore they actually work !n their
profession.
"We have studen4s fro,n ma jors sach as therapeutic recreation, so,::lal w?.lfare, p.sychology
and the communications, although
we accept students from any
area," said Heizman.
She als:) is optimistic that many
WfJmen will respond to the nead
for more vo1un~eers.
"We as women are expo.sad
to the emotional element more
of.ten.
Tbe W')ma.n needs the
kln:1 of ·op;mtunity to •?mo~iona.Uy
express herself. She needs the
type of recra:.iti.Jn ·outside the
home bat is meaningful to her.
It increasqs tha·. i• (;a-pac1ty as a
human belng, a woman an1 a
mother," saU HE:,iZman.
Accordlng to Heizman, interested perso::is will be sent an
application form and if returned,
that person will meet with the
experienced volun~eers and counselors. A decision wm then be
mad~ as to 11hether they w0re
accepi~d into the train.~nz program"
The training s-3ssions are
und,~rgoing changes right nQWi
but Heizman says one complete
training session should lastfrom
four to six wneks. In this ses sion, volunteers w-al meet once
a week for tw,., r1ours w!1ere they
w.l.ll learn counseling sktlls .. In
addition, they wm also attend
a four-hour shift with onr. ·J f the ,
experienced volunteers. . They
wm then become familiar wHh
emergency proo.::~dures , referr3.l
service calls, etc.
After the initial training, vo!unfeers will then work oae fourho·J r shift p~r week.
Heizman anticipates an in"<;reas~ in calls to the Spanish
hotline o.:ice it is in fm.•ce.
'' But it is g-J:ng to ta.'~co time.
We have to try and understand
enm.1gh abo1it the Mexican-Amer•
ican co,nmunity and what wm
make them ,::all, s!le s:iid.
HET is a 24-hour COll~idfl!ll:i.al
telephone co"Jn'>elingan:l referral
s~rvlce,
They handle · calls
concerning:
drugs, child
abuse, d-apt"•?ssion, suicide, legal
referral, welfare, bas1c needs,
interpersonal confiiets, personal
problems, sexuality, and mect1 cal, . alm1g wHh request !or information and any problems the
caller may have.
"We are trained to jo more
listening than talktng,'' said
Heizman,
For more information about
volunteer work for the HET hotlin'3, call 485-1132.
.
Page 4
LA VOZ de AZ f L.-L'i
Ma:~h 29, 1978
Native American Group Seeks
Peace, Unify & Harmony
cont1neni. ln a que~t ~or pt1,1ce,
union and harmony,
one 0f the groups l:iaders,
who calls hims~lf Coyo'·.e • .3aid
of the g_!OUJ:>.'S efforts,
"rWe
are traveling for the purpose
of trying to break down the stereotypes oi
Indians are. We
got locker! into the John Wayne
sterl:'otypeo
"We, a:, <'•. gr. ,up, ~,~:- I': l 3 a
reminder that we are stm a
large group of people that. don't
·,,ave z voice" We are trying
to reach a lot of p:?op1.e nor
just ip the United States, but
all of North Amer~ca," s?id
what
::oJ"r· ~J4
The soft-spoken Native American sai'.f his group attempt~
to show people there ar~ still
many Indians in mountains and
villages, and they have the righ~s
co remaln Indians1nstaad or ass:;,;..
Sign ups
milating- ' i1f;1 :he dJm.mr.1.: <;ociety's culture.
"We are trying to tell Indians
to keep their culture and not to
assimilate into the dominant so~!P-t,i. Th~ :ns :.; t.1.1tlonaHzecJ ,311ucation ts trying to erase the
Indian c;1iJ 'fren's cultur9. That
is where it all starts," Coyote
said.
According to Coyote., the stan.
dards for social acct~ptc1a-:11 1re
· too higti anri it is like :iee:Jing
childre:i into n ;ne,u: irinder.
"One alterna.Hv3 to the current
educational system would be tO
have more commw17ty contr:·,ls
in the schools,' 1 he said.
"What is going to hap~11 -.vh:ln
we .1r•~ au assi milated? You
can't fail at living. Yl)U fall
at llving up to somebody else's
standards." Coyt,te said.
Students . Plan
For
.Spring
A Dance contest will be the
featured event ~i the disco dance
sponsored by National Chicano
Health organization (NCHO). ·
Prizes for the dance, scheduled for Friday, Mar. 31, wlll
include dinner for two at Dos
Amigos in Mission V1llage, and
some free tequila for the· runners-up.
The dance will be held in the
Up's tairs Cafeteria at CSUF •
from 9:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.
A $I.5o donation is requested
at the door.
EOP
Day
4
EOP
I n tr a m u r a Is
All EOP students interested
in intramural Spring softball can
sign up now at the EOP office.
There will be men, women and
co-ed competition. ' The deadline for signups is Aprll 3rdo
Everyone is encouraged to participate.
There will be meetings every
Thursday at 3:30 in the EOP
office, Joyal Administration building for EOP students interested in organizing the 3rd annual EOP Spring Day.
. Spring Day is a multi-ethnic
event and all ethnic organizations are encouraged to parti•
cipate. The event is scheduled
for Friday April 28 at 10:00
a.m. to 5;00 p.m. at O'Ne111
park. There will be free lunch,
games, music and prizes.
Eco-nomic Pressures Force· Boarder Crossing
c arlo.w Guzman -sta:ff contributor
"The Wetback ls : l hungry human
being. His need ,JI f oo:l and clothing
ts immediate and pressing. · He is a
fugitive· and lt is as a fugitive fhat
he lives.. Under the c011stant threat
of apprehension and dc!portation, he canD'Jt p:-otest ot appeal no matter how
unjust he is treated, Law operates
against him but not for him. Thos~
w!10 capitaliza on the legal · disability
of the wetbacks are n-1merous and their
d1?vices are many and various. (Presid'3n~'s Commlssiont 1951:78)
This report by the President's Co.nmis-
s1011 stlll hoii<; :rue today, ani;J as loug
as. Mexico's economic problems coatintte
and as long as the United States appears to ~ the · "promise Jami,'' there
wm contin,1e to be a problem w;.th und,)cumented workers ..
What is it that makes a man leave
his family and come into the United
states and become a ~' crlmlnal" by
crm1iing Uw oo·rder i1Je(PU~·Peritp!ls
crossing the border illegally? Permps
if society completely understood -~11.1.t
motlvates und•J•~umen~ed wo.:kers to 1·:sk
their well-being by cornil}g to thG United
States, then perhaps there W'>ald ':>e measures taken to cure the problem nther
tha.1 to take measures which a.re only
to combat the symp·~oms of the pro~lem.
The problem is one of economic d,~speratlon. This is w!,y ha wlll pay a "coyote"
from $200 to $300 to '!:>e taken Into t?e
American border. This ls why he will
Uve in ~row.\ed and unsanUary_ho·asing
co.nditlo,1S. This ls why he wlll wor~
long back hreaktng hours !Jnder t_he hot
sun and other untolerable conditions.
It should be remembered that W9 are
dealing with real peo~le who are tak:1ng
the only coarse o! action which appa..ars
to give them the on!y sign of hope.
Approximately 60 percent o! all undocumen~ed work~rs in the UnitedStates
come from Mexico. The majority oi
these wo:.rkers have many things in"!ommon. They are mostly younl males
just over the age o! 2·1 years, they have
had less than five years o1 schooling,
they come mostly from rural areas, .
and they are unsk.illed wirkers., M0:1t
undocumented workers have · only don~
agricultural work In Mexico, before they
came to the United States.
As on9 undocumented worker put it,
"If I could get a gooj job in my towri,
I W'>Uld ~1ot come to the Unlted States
looking for a jo:.J." This statemen~
clearly states that the reasonforcoming
to the U.S. ls m~tivated by economic
pressures. These undocumented workers need to increa.:,:~ theirfamllyinf!ome
becaus-e w!.iat they make is not en<Jugh
to llve on, Although unemphyment is
high in Mexico, the eeo,1omic situation
is w-1:rs:mP.d by th~ lack o~ good ;xtying
jobs. This, plus the steady risa in
the inflation rate s1nce B71, has moi:1vated Mexicans !o seek jobs in the United States.
Undocumented workers
are aw-:ire of the.dlngers i)f ma~i!lg the
trip, or o! being caught by the Immigration and ~aturalizatim1 Service.
However, thes9 workers are als-:>
a w:,.re that in 0.19 to three months o!
W'Jrk tn the United States they can make
mo:e moJey than they w":ud in one year's
time in their home tmvr1.
The majo:..·1ty o! undo~umente.d .workers m1ly come to the UU:ted States for
short -perfojs of time, and very
few of
them ever considar imm!gratin5 to the
United States legally. Most ot thew.,:rkers return to Mexico alter .their seasonal job3 are over, w;ien they have maje
the ammmt o! mo11ey which they e
the amoJnt o~ money w!rlch they ware
hopmg to make, 01• when their desire
to see their ramlly overcomes them.
According to a Massachusetts Jnstitute o! Technology study dm1e by Wayn~
Crnelius, 58 p.~rcent or undocume~ted
workers are in the United States fo,: 10ur
i).t" less mo,lths.
Of all the wrxrkers
w!iich Cornelius interview~'1 only 11 perc~nt stayed 1n the Untted States lon~r
than one year before they returned ~o
Mexico..
The und,,cum':\nted wo~kers
see the big difference$ in w::-lges between
jobs in the United States a,1:f Mexico
a.11 this also draws more woTk~rs to
the UnUed Sfate.s. When the Peso lost
almost half its value, thus :Jarning more
buying l)')'Nf.lr for the dollar, there was
an ~bviou.s increase of umlocumented
w•,:..·kers who •~tossed ~he border.
Undocumented 'W''J:..•kers are looking for
jobs ~inr:l the United States is in eo11Sfant
demand 'fo:r cheap labor, so til3S9 two
facfoi:s are the d:..rect cause of the undJcumented worker p::oblem.~ Unfortunately, s!nce these workers :1re here
illegally ·they are the workers who receive the lowfJst w:1.ges, usually have
the w:Jrst working conditioils, have bad
housing, an:t worse they suffer from
dls~rimlnatioa and cheating from no·;
m1ly Anglos but also Mexican-Americans
a'.nf.1 Chicano.s .
Undo~mented W:lrkers w!10 make
regular trlp,.:; to the United States tend
to return to the same jobs, so after
a time they become reliable w·:,.rkers
and since growers J)'lyther:n low--:;rw1ges,
the und,Jcumented worker has become
a very fa vo.ra.ble group o! wurkers for
growers WiIJ need tield W1Jrkers, Even
during the Bracero Program, some
workers preferred to be here illegaUy
because If you wore a bracero you •~re
co:lfln~d to o,1e employer or job. If
you were not a brieero you could go
from one job to another. It is believed that the tomato ~rop o! 1951 r-.s .
pl.eked by equal J)'lrts of braceros and
undoeumen~ed workers, and a small inrt
of mostly d•.)mestic families., In order
to hopefully put an end to the hiring
o~ undoe·umP.nted wr:Jrkers, the U.s. anti
Mexico passed. in 1949 Public Law 78
at Sectioa 501; which states, "no work- .
ers shall be avalJable''-to 1ny empfo:,er
"wl10 bas in him 9 mp!oy • • • any
Mexican Alien • • • not Ia wfully in the
United states.'' Thes~ and_ l)_ther .Jaws
:lid not prJt an end to the h1rmg 01. un-
rtncumented workers,
.
. Under heavy pressure from u.rgamzad
labor; the braeero program was end-ad
in 1964. After this date, the number
of undocumented workers increased
greatly. The Bracero pro~m sl~ply
went u,n,i,~rgro·and. Ho·N0ve~, 1t is ln-eresting to note that the ma10:rity .of the
o!d~r undo•~um~nted W'.>rkers first come
to the UeS. und~!r the Bracero Program.
The United states benefits in three ways.,
First jobs are created ':o apprehen1,
care fo:.·, and ·axpt)l undo~umented W,'.Jrk-
er;;, secon,1. undocumented workers
spen:t a lot o! their mo.1~~ in the Un~ted
States before goin.s bac.\C to Mextco,
and third. unjo•;Jmented wo~·kers fill
the need }o::- cheap labor. Mexico also
benefits from uudo·,:mmented wo:rkers beC3.US8 the mo.1ey witlch is 1>ent or ta.lcen
back to Me:<lco helps Mexico's stagger-
in economy.
.
Since M~xico :.1eed, sco:aomic rehef
.ror their unemployedanj 1·1eirumt~remployed and since the United sta-~es
ha:3 a Ja:rga deman1 tor cheap labor
be the answu. How~ver revislou.i; should
be maje to benefit the wo:kers, Mexico,
and the United States.
March 2~, 1978
Page 5
The Heart of
Sa ntana Sound ..
Peraza,
Rekow
Escov-e do,
By Felix Contreras .
Since the days wl)en it was
a Mission Dtstrict street b;.-:d,
were bought
Sjxl~tsh.
by the Fren,~h
"We're talcing a basic Latin
r•1ythm," Pete explains, "and
''We (Cubans) p:tay some drums expan-:linz it to w!1erc it bec Jmes . •
that the Afrlca.ns people d•m't very wlde ·in range, in that the
play anymo4,·e. A lot of. the arran~ments get very interesttribes a:;.•a disappearing, and the ing, iMtead o1 a typfo-1: da.1ce
culture ls d!sappea.ring....We are tune. Like a .i1m::e thing wh:?re
the only Latin Americaa eountry all of a sud,l3n you're into Us ·
that repres~.at ,~b.e African cul- tenin~. The dmce elament is still
ture from way back.. ..
there, but. you're mere inclined
Discm,smg the art of praying
''The Cuban infiuene.e 1s al- to listen."
conza.
s, Peraza explains, "Peo W'.?.ys there, ineludlng in the di.sco
Raul Rekow comes from •yet
pie misunrfors~n•l, they thinko! today, yoa ha re a Cuban in••
fluence. The dis::,, i_.1 :>etween another generation o! pt1reuss ..
boom,_; boom, hoom, bonm-- it's
iouists~ and his beginnings sho'N easy. It's not that easy. It's
the samba, and variou.s Caribit.
bean Is'laald:;, but ls to:hy called
"I got started after seeinz very difficuP to m.1:~t-3 r the indlsco.,''·
Santana for the first time, in :,trumcnt." To master the con&-1,
it takes :it le:rst 10 1ears o!
Pete Escovedo, a 0 s.aconr:l gen• s
eration" nercussio11ist, burst 1969, at the Cow Palace m an
dedication to the d.~um, he s:iys "
Y"
Francisco.. It more or less lnEven thoagh he's been ?h.fl.ili
into the spotlight of. the San . spir 9 d me to .s tart p:1.a.ying con:i.lmo:~;_ 1.:J. his life, Peraza, along
Frandsco Latino musi;! .:;cau~
,,
while in Azteca. A band he gas.
with the othN'3, ~in:t : ;t ha:t d b
and his ' brother Coke (himself
From there, he did a stint mcpiain why they p:1.ay percussion,
. a top-notch timbalero) put to•- in an all-Philipin•J oa&1d thatSa.i,}3ekmv'. "It's very infectious,
tana so:i.1gs note rm.· note called, .
gethe.r after years of playing w!ia.t els~, So·al Sa~rificc (later When ym.1 hear the co,1ga, it
in various San Fra.n~tseo ~lub
changed to Daklla). It ~s durmakes 1ou w-1nt to :los-::nnethingbands., After tw.:-i w~ll receivetl ing a club date with Daklla that
it makes ym1 w-mt to inrty, it •
,Llbums, and a lot of touring,
.
d
makes yoa - want to drm"!e, it
-Azteca dlsband~d, and Pete went Rekow~ 1" 7~5 appr?acne 1JY memmakes you . wm1t to plaJ.
It
0~1 to become a very in-demand
bers oi. Malo to J_oln them.
aL;:, 1.n::-.~es you want to l~arn.
studio percussiouistandvo,~alist. Arter S'.)me time w!th Malo,
Last spring, Escovedo r~Rek•Jw ;)?..rted comzni1yw!th Malo,
le~ed an album wtth yet another amt ·3n1ed up playin-5fordifferent
club ban-is in San Franeiseo and .
Es:.!oved-.:i, h(3 eonga-p!aying 21
year o~d d1ughi:er, Sheila, The
do1ng "a lot of different things"
album, "Sofo Two", was proup until a year and a half ago
d,1eed ~Y jazz-great Billy Cobwhen he w:i.s app.toached -JY
ham. It included musical diCarlos Santa11a to joln the ba11drections slmll,ar to those of Azthe very band that inspired tum
teca, and show.;?.sed the Escoto p1a.y in the first place.
vedos at what they do best- pun
~onga y timtial, but with a twist.
and
1
the heart o! the Santana s:)uud
bas always been the rhythm, 3.&'ld
the dr-;1ms tm.t make that rhythm.
It has become legenr.L'lry - , the
percussion sectio&1 P'Jmpini o·Jt
a driving beat fo-r C3.rlos' st:o:rch~
ing guitar work.
Sant.a112. .i:mtshed their latest
U~S. to·ar to a ca.paeity crowd
at Fresno's Sellad Arena. 'RidinR"
toe cr'.>st of popularity
or
their
latest album, "Moonfimver", the
current band has been hailed by
many as the best ·Santana band
ever;
· For this ba..'ld, Carlos Santana.
p!cked probably the stro,1gest
percussion trio' that can_exist
in one band: Arinando Peraza,
respected '.>y many musicians
as a master of the conga drum;
Pete Eseovedo, on timbales> ·a
25-year veterano o:r Latino mu1;tc
in the bay area; an-'i Raul Reko·w,
ou c-:o:.1ga:.i; a uyoungster" at.the
age or 23,. yet pulling his wG·1ght
in sa.ch a strong percussion
ensemble.
Armando Peraza came to the
, United States in 1949 (w-:-,en ne
was Hin ~s 20's) from his native
Hav-~.:n, Cuba.. Durl~g the span
of his caraer, he had played with
many
jazz greats:
Stan
Kenton, Diziy Gillespie, Ju,dy
Garland, Carlos Fedei·l co, Cal
Tjader, the Ust go~s on(his ftrst
recm.•ding date in the U oS. W".-,
wUh fa1m:l -~.l.,:J r,upiayer Charlie Parker!)
P13ra,v1, along with other Cuban
•~oi1ga greats like Mongo Santamaria, Pata.to, and Francisco
Aguabella, began to reinforce a
Cuban infiuen-::e in American
music that, he says, "has alw:,.ys
been, and still is, here,
"To±1y, people are not wHling.
to recogn.1ze the eohtributions of
the Cuban musl.::ian in :parts of
the world. In the United States,
the Cuban m:is:ic1an has a great
innuence into A.nierican jazz,
fro:n the time o! Dlxi.eland to
the Pl:'asent time ••• "
Peraza illustrates his point
by tracing the Jnth o! captured
Africans, from Africa to the
UnUed States 1 an.j ::he sto,;>s at
different Caribbean Islands, in-clud-:.ng Cuba, where Africans
learn mo:t e about the ct.·um a.-\(1
the rhythms that come f r-:nn that
drum. That's w!iat it d:>es to .
me ••• It's something very myI can't pinpoint il .. I
don't k.'low what it is, but it
is."
Escoved:J: "Y 011 get to lo·ve it,
and it's all you want to do.. It
gets to the p0int where you've
been dolng it for so ma,17 years,
stical.
yoJ do!l'g
you don't ~.nt to turn back. You
just w:,.nt to ::Ceep golnJ at it
stronger."
Peraz~:
side, that
"It's something inyou
love.
Yo:i
can't
ex-pl:lin this to noJOdy. It's a
feelinJ that o:..1ly a conga player
Wl<lersta.nds! Nnhntfv ~·; c"'"
LA
voz de AZ ru:{
Dominguez , Durazo
Gal·l ardo , Martinez
Ramirez
I
.Verdugo
On The Bank
Hombre
I was in Egypt
hidden by what I imagined reeds.
We sailed leaves, or w•ood--anything
and saw the world below us.
We were masters of war there;
d~stroying island camps,
sinking ships before they got
away,
changing the land.
Each time we sat on the l?ank
we w~re killers.
Matting the reeds dampening our
pants.
Sometimes waiting for mountains of brown foam
to bomb until they mixed with
the water aga.iii.
Hands
A hand never wears out
never sows a p.J•~ket
never searches or makes speeches
never p,mehes a typewriter ' or faee
or gropes for breases or balls
or plays tens:e games with its brother
but it's to blame.
I know without hands nothing could move
but they are as useless as tongues
always letting slip facts, always making
sisters hold tight to laundry jobs
or s11pptng holds on grandmothers
sunk df'~P in a vat of autumn leaves.
Hands are always hungry,
begging for food, bringing wilole families'
to yo'Jr daorstep
with huge saddles 011 (heir backs.
Don't depend on hands
they're unlucky at dice, they make federal buildings
w::lte dates draw convers:1tio,1S Interrupt conversations
They're delicate
when the situatio~1
calls for delicacy, like when
they tug your hair
to remf.nd you of the times J::>U've fallen short.
This is why people beat their hands
using each other. This is w!1y •..
But they're not to bla.mP., after all
my whole life began wtth a hand.
They delivered me like a package, knew my father
kne·w my mother,
lrn.ew I.he loud-mouths they'd become
s;,olling everything
spouting disgraceful chairs and beds
backed Yi.th meaning.
So whip them, W!l1P them a.U,
•ca.use even If yoa wanted
you can neve:r g~t rid of hands.
They never give back
w!iat they stole
to begin with.
--Mike Dominguez
Wa~iu
barrio of
the mind,
wr10 sleeps
1n slea.zy
cities
with
lights :in:l
neon signs,
your
s
d
e
W?.lks ::oncreted,
and Jlayground-,
tarred wUh
Red;;, Heroin,
and Liquo~,
your sleep
is dangerous,
Remember
Vin~ente Gutierrez
and
.Danny Trevino,
they w~re easy
to -bhme,
Remember how 8.£ the
coo,~arts :ind
muslc
jams,
all yol wmit
to do
ls to trip
an1
get
fuckM up,
Wacha,
look at
colores,
-blues
in
all
snades and
shapes,
then
•~omp-are
them to
violets ·
purples,
a.nj r.i1ack;,
then ~hey
wm trun
to yellow~
orange, and
gold,
like the
co~or o!
light,
oI spn. ..'!?,
of time,
o! on~,
ESCUCHA
THE
RF.VO LUCION
NEEDS YOUo
1
Victor Martinez
--Rudy G3J.lard1)
Page 7
LA VOZ de AZTLAN
Grapefie/d as aChi/d
No not
Great clouds wired to the ground
conier and tremble
when a boy, loaded with water, passes
puling his feet qui.czy from the smolda;cig earth
His family has sent him the youngest
for the ga!Jon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap.
The brown skin blotches with the dust
His father, who is grey, has spotted him b'Jt keeps working,
But what about that week thougn,
tt was of course not real ~~ DO! real things
nor real love
nor real flesh
nor hair, nor highways
nor breath.
And there arf:! people now, everywhere,
bobing in and out of the l~aves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
It was of course a world which can only exist
when it does
and not when one wants 1t to .
Ben Durazo
✓
.
.
.
l·.i
".·,
ti~e, no not flesh
.
.
It encircles one
and one cannot cause to be encircled by it.
One steps into it, carried on that line:
That fat flying windowed line
from which we vtew but don't see
and wa-:Ce up after traveling on it
never in it
in a different world where hjghways
are stretched on superstructures
o!trees
and lawns are thick and green
and tall,
swayi.,1g in the light brec z.3
which c~!Ties the sun to one's face
and the heart rests on a clump
and when rais,J:j sees tae sun
touching t.he supe.rstruct-1re
ln the distance,
whe.ra tile plllars hoM it up,
whe-i·e the ~~turtow!5 are .on i1e:· st1-:>:1Mers
ud both of you
are foe re i111der t; 1-1 :1 ;,:i .>n_;
neld up IJy !he brown trees.
Then it's all gone ·
after you board that line
and are carried by 1.t
from windows
ov2r ;lhl'~5 '.)r .·r::.t? clouds
to be encircled by another time
which ls nof. real time
no~· real heat
nor re.a.I dust
nqr real fl,esh charred by napalm
or stabbed by silver bayonets or imp~led
on rusty barbed wire
and left to rot in the monsoon till
worms :.i.r<! where green traCldf rounds
came from
and a loud, soul releasing cry
hung in the air
when mo.ning revaaled
the blow11 il:~ l es
the scatt:?re.j, ruptured sandbags
of the earth
which through it all
left you ai.lve to hear
the cry
. to watch it float
with the sun
and the va-p·) rizing molsture
of non-real time
and non-real plac<~
and non-real fiesh.
George Verdugo
Abuelo
Now I see nothing,
there ls no one who has.
A few Words By Someone Who Has Tried Everything
Because now as trees .slowly age,
and It s~ems like ,hey mw~r 11e-.,
he sf.ts, his body ,-;;Jaking as lf nerves try
to le:1p !l.·•::>m his bod'!.
He sits in the same chair;
Still it rises, burns.
Still windshields carry 1t across the ground
And now,
the pain of looking into it
stops it in the mQrning. ,
ln the same pla.::e.
· Jobnny p1.ays outside,
Abuelo stares watching,
he rememoors h1s lost youth time has stolen,
He tells me, "I could Wl)tk all day in my
youth, there were no limits, never".
He wants to plaJ.
The hum of the house, clocks ticking _
the refrigerator: the ho'JSe w-ithered like
himself
At forty he checked for Wl"P.lcomed wrinkles,
they came slowly.
I sit next to him.
I hoH his tremb~ing lwld1
he tells me it won't stop
1 squeeze,
Still it rises,
smaller in the waste of houra,
still the dead leaves carry it with them
to the ground,
still my shoe
with the taste of stone,
of granl,
of the melted tar on cracked streets,
of water,
of the guts of worms,
of leaves returning to the rust of roots,
presses shadows to the ground
when it burns,
,,,anq cars pus with the children of the •un
seething in their eyes
like mad demons in the morning.
it stops~
Inside I feel hls la.st nerve squirming,
there is no feeling, no pain.
ms face ugs, a~
George Verdugo
sh'Wly he says,
"no para".
I say nothing.
Pedro Ramirez
p :1 oto h\' Carlos 1; 11zman
, Lite is movement~ movement 1s life'
P hutv hy Carlos Guzm-an
CSUF wants no chicanos ?
BY FELIX GUTIERREZ and
MARIO EVANGELISTA
(Reprinted witn p~rmissi,J.1 fFOm
1\JUEST~O m:..!,!azine.)
F
ranelsco G. Barrio prooo:.1Iy
won't be teaching at California's
Fresno State University next
fall. That might sarp:dse those who
know !lim. Fo:- Barrio~ 4-4, has had
a long and p:o:luctive career as an
artist (one-man show:; ln his n-itive
New Mexico, Texas, Californta an'i .)ther
states) and as an art educator (teachinl in CSUF's art d8partment since
1973).
He ·na.s· :1lso worked closely
wHh art groups in the barrio :ind p:1blished .uticles in scholarly jo·Jrn'lls.
Yet despite all this, the PlLTJ has
been d,~aied tenure and given a "te·~minal year'' · co.1tract - -mea~ii.ng t_hat
the senfor p:~o!essors in Jis d·~partment feal he is -:.inquallfied for . a loug-
term teaching p0sition.
Like a. n:.imber of other Chicano university p·:ofes5ors, Barrio learned :he
hard W:iY that getting a d,)ctorate an.1
3. faculty position ire only s:eppingstones lead~nz to the r0.3.l hurdle: earning a loni-term job on a university
faculty.
This is because most pro~ess'J.l'S are
usually h1re1, at first, on probatio.:iary or "tenure track" contracts, generally for fo'Jr to six years. Tow::i.rd
the end o! this period_, they are evaluated by the o~der me mhers ~! the faculty.
If their record ls cmvinzing, they are
granted tenure, a "perm::inent" teaching
contract to retirement. If not, they
meet Fran~is~o Barrio's fate --termination.
And ln ~he tenure game, the card;
seem stack~d against Latinos.
Indeed, says Barrio, the U.S. educattond system is "racist as :3. given
fact'' Strong words, but they are
amp~y buttress-ad by the axperiences o:
other Chican·o ;)ro!essors in California during the I)1St few years.
"We have pm1etrated the iligher ed1catio.:1 establishment, but the question
is w~1ether or not we will sarvive,"
says Arturo Madrid, Chairman of the
Natio.ul Council m.1 Chicano High Educatio.1 (NCCHE).
To prove his J)'Jlnt, he ticks off the
names o: six Chic:1110 r,:~holars who !ailed
to get tenure at University of califor nia camp1ses in the Jnst three years.
Madrid . who was himself d,~nied tenure
at UC San Diego before being named
chairman of the deinrtm~nt of Spanish
and Portuguese at the University of
Minnesota, · p::edlcts more fights for
tenure in the near future --and w!th
go•.:>d .reaipn..
enured faculty o!ten coatrol univer sity po1icles, hiring d,~clsions, pro mo·~ions, an1 curriculum. Denying Chicano faculty meml.>P.rs tenure thus e.x:(Please turn to pg. 2)
T
Francisco Barrio
.B.A WG,_
···••&••
.Chicano .Film Nominated
Stu dents demonstrate in front of
Fresno City Holl
In tbe midst of an era· wt1ere
Hollyw1,od films do not tm1ch
Chicano themes comes a Chicano film which has received an
Oscar nomination •.
"Agueda Martinez: our People,
our CO'Jntry," has been nominated for an Oscar award 1n the
Short Subject category. The
film tells the story of an 80year-old curandera, Agueda
Martinez, who lives on a small
farm ln New Mexico.
Producar Moctesuma Esparza
and director Esperanza Vasquez
state that out of the strength
and endurance of sra. Martinez,
~ domlna."lt theme a·merges, That
or the relationship between a
person and his/her environment.
Sra., Martinez rejects TV and
uses :3. WfJOd-burning stove. Her
land · provides everything she
needs such as food, clothing,
and shelter (her housa is made
of earth).
, In one of Sra. Martinez's
concluding lines she says,(Engl-
ish translation), "Th.~ Earth is
the only thinz that gives life and
when one goes oo.ck to it, it eats
you up,"
tesu:n~ Espa.n a Produ-~Uons> a
Chicano !Um company formed
in 1974.
Esparza and Vasquez have
previo:isly pcoducecl a f1~m too-e-
ther shortly after they met in
1970. The film w.:.s '' Requiem
2:l", a film ::i.'.10ut the terror of
the riot that resulted in the
Continued on Page 2
Epidemic Of Violence
'
Agueda Martinez was exhibited
at Filmex last stprig on a bill
with Les Blank's "Chulas Frm1teras'', a 60-minute documentary
about Tex-Mex (Texas-Mexlcan
or ranchera) music.
The Iilm fs p:::-odr1eed by Mo7-
.
MALDEF takes the cas_e to Attorney Genera I
\
The Mexican American Legal Defense
Education Fund (MA..LDEF) stepped up
its efforts recently when MALDEF's
president and general counsel, Vilma
Martinez, wrote to US Attorney General
Griffen Sa U d1~maniin6 that the federal
government become active in balting
Chicano genocide.
But MALDEF spokespersons are not
particularly encouraged by the response
it received.
''The Justice Department's response
brought home to us how the government is not going to go m1t 011 a Umb
for this," Elizabeth Benedict of MALDEF
told LA VOZ Moaday.
Martinez, who ls also a University
of California regent, told Bell that "o1ficfa.l violence against Chi.2nos had
reached epidemic proportions in the
Southwest."
"We - stated that this violence was
a severe, wldespread ••. and highly
emo~onal phenomenen/' the Chic;im.
atto:.·ney told Bell.
''The situation has no easy solutions.
It's a problem of incredible racism,''
she said. "Even if the justice d9JE,rtment takes a stand to help us, it's still
a huge, huge problem. Lo:>k ho·w long
it's taking equality to come aro·undsince
the civil rights movement began."
Benedict said although the Justice Department knew about som~ of the cases,
MALDEF's request has prompted the
federal government to begin viewing
other cases p:evim1sly unk.nov.a to the
department.
She s1.ld altho·agh the Justice Departm~nt, in a few extreme cases, has become tnvo1ved through th~ FBI _or federal prosecutio.as, a more systematic
federal response must dea-1 wtth "the
, current outbreak or vio1ence oy tnose
"Who are charged to ~nforce the law.''
MALDEF. sent to Bell documentation
giving "bare bone details of 30 incldents of official brutality" and is investigating another 40 cases.
The MALDEF letter s~nt to Griffen
rep'J:.."ts that in the last two years, ,
16 Chicanos were killed and many more
beaten or s~verely wo·Jnded by law officers in California, New Mexico, Colo- ,
rado, and Texas.
'' This violence refiects widespread
Ia w o!ficer mentality that equates a
gun and 1 badge with being the local
embodiment oI the supr~me authority
or the law," Martinez states,
''In many of these cases, the state
judicfa.I system h'ls proved 1mcm1cernea
or inadequate to punish the per~trators
of violence. The quality oi response
by local prosecutors, judges and jurors
in many cases reflects the rampant
p:rejud.lce against Mexican Americans in
many parts of the Southwest."
MALDEF cites one case in w!lich
. an Dakland, Califo:rn.~.a man was stopped
amt searched in connection with a stolen
car investigation. He was forced into
a "spread-eagle'' p'lsition and a cocked •
gun wts held at his head. The search
ended when the ~W·:>ffic9rshotandkilled
the man. The officer violated all or
the ·., C>akland Police Department pro cedires for such a search. According to MA.LDEF's sources, the possibility of p'JliCc co·~er-up ~s under investigation
In another case in Denver, Colorado,
two private citizans -- one Mexican
American, the other An 6lo- - "exchanged
w·:>rds'' while JX}.ssing m1 the street.
The white man returned to his house,
bro-Jght out a gun a.nd shot and killed
the Chicano. The Police Deinrtment
allegedly melted the shotgun used for
the m11rder and, because the shotgun
was the main piece of evid·:mce, further
charges were drop,ed..
ln her letter to the Attorney General,
Ms. Ma:tinez urges him to view these
tw·, cases, and the additional 28 that
MAL.JEF dtJo~uments, n'Jt s:i.mp~.y as isolated incld~nts o! vio1ence ·out as an
"epidemic · of violence and hatred dir~cted against Mexican Americans, a
mtional minority w!to are --in many
of the communities where they are terrorized-- a dts-anfra.nc~sed majority."
· Martinez recommends that the Justice
De~rtment commit its~lf not only to
halting this wave of vioience but, to
developing an over-all c3.mpaign. w!lich
would "a1dress the und2rlying problem
revealed by these incidents."
Martinez asks for more numerous
Investigatioas · by the FBI, for federal
prosec:.1ttons and, mo::a generally, for
the moral leadership or the AtJorney
General and his staff.
Students and other concerned individuals are enco-Jraged to write Bell and
their congressmen ~sklng for a strong
an,1 real resp:>ase to MALDEFs efforts.
Mar.::b Z9, 1378
LA VOZ d9 AZTLAN
COMENTAR 10
The American
"DoubleStandard"
Dream?
WASlflNGTON (AP)--ABOUT 50 ANGRY FARMERS FORCED
THEIR WAY INTO THE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT'S MAIN
OFFICE BUILDING TODAY, ASSAULTING SEVERAL GOVERN_
MENT SECURITY GUARDS AND OCCUPYING AN INNER PATIO
BEFORE THEY WERE FORCED TO LEA VE BY FEDERAL
RIOT POLICE •••
••• SOME FIRECRACKERS WERE SET OFF BY THE FARM
ERS INSIDE THE BUILDING, CAUSING BYSTANDERS TO THINK
THEY WERE GUNSHOTS. • • THE FARMERS PUSHED THEIR
WAY THROUGH, BREAKING A DOOR AS THEY ENTERED•••
• • • ONE FARMER, NOT IDENTIFIED, WAS TAKEN INTO
TEMPORARY . CUSTODY, (A SECURITY AIDE) SAID THAT
"WE PROBABLY WON'T CHARGE, HE'S JUST A HOTHEAD." ••
.' •• WALTER EVANOFF, DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE FEDERAL
PROTECTIVE SERVICE, SAID LATER THAT THE FARMER
WOULD BE RELEASED BECAUSE 11 WE MADE A DEAL TO KEEP
THEM FROM TEARING THE BUILDING DOWN. 11 • • •
Incredible. As expected? Probably the immediate reaction
is to cringe with outrage, maybe frustration, and then finally·
bitterness at the obvious insult of the double-standard exposed
through the above national news story.
How can we help but think of the times that minoritles-dell]onstrating for justice as the U.S. farmers now do in the fight
for price par~ty--were faced with similar circumstances only
to
suffer the swift
and often merciless fist of this system's
"justice'' smash through our ranks.
About the only kind of deal we would ever be offered is ''you
stop demonstrating or we shoot on the spot.'' Notice that when
the farmers come out to make waves about what they feel is right
they are called "hotheads" and released. We're called trouble- '
makers, outside agitators, and get charged with everything in
the book. You know that if it had been us throwing _lirecricker·s~,
we would have been met with volley after volley of gunshots.
So we sound like somebody with a chip on our shoulders?
Maybe so.
We can sympathize with working persons who
just want their fair share of the deal. Mo:re power to the farmers
I
for not just sitting back and taking the short end of the stick.
But remember who denounced us for trying to wake people
up to realities and inequities (especially in the area of agricultural labor) that . existed and needed to be dealt with in our society?
Remember who labeled us "communists, etc.•• when we
marched and demonstrated • • • you can bet if we had jammed
the nation's streets with tractors we would have been jammed
into the nation's jails.
Axioms like "work within the system" become insults at
such times, expecially when the evidence of the double-standard
we have suffered from for so long blares out.
If nothing else, hopefully the farmer's current plight will
bear out the contention that civil rights and farm labor advocates
have had to use to m.ake any gains: that sometimes we must
make a lot of noise to get anywhere.
After all the shit we've endured throgh our anti-war marches .
boycotts, demonstrations, and walkouts ••• not to mention the
'
more "in-the-system'' approaches -- it is very tempting to tell
those farmers, "America--Love It or Leave rt."
But then, ••• we would be guilty of the same hypocrisy and
double-standards ••• wouldn't we?
Felix J. Contreras
Elvia Ruiz
Rudy Gallardo, Arturo Ocampo,
Pedro Ramirez, Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Geor-ge Verdugo, Pedro Ramirez,
Sal Garcia
Artista
Carlos
Guzman
Photographer
Contributors
Cindy Cabrera, Maria Correa,
· Bobby Galvan, Liz Santillan, Luis Sepulveda
Ometeot 1
Spiritual Advisor
Editor
Assistant Editor
Reporters
LA VOZ DE AZTLAN is a special edition of the Daily Collegian
Mini-Corps 2nd Year
Of Helping Migrants
After a very successful first
year, CSUF's Mini•Co:rps will
be startin.; their s-econd sehool
year pro~m this fall. This
program is d,asigned to provido
direct educational service to mi-
grant children ti!lring the regular
sehool year andp:rovide the MiniCorps students with a pre-credential experience that wm be
valuable to them when they become fully credentialed bilingual
teachers ..
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Ed:1catioo
Act and is under CSUF's School
o! Education. Each Mini-Corps
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to help cover
llvin_g and educational expenses,
The program is looking for
Junior and Senio:r students as
they begin their . course w:Jrk in
the School of Education. Those
selected fo:r the program should
have some experience working
with migrant children or have
Continued from Page l
been migrant children themchanging.''
death o! The Times newsman
selves. They must J..1..rn be blEsiXi,rza potnts to other Holly- · lingual and have a grade point
Ruben Salazar.
Es;nrza said there have been W,Jod films :>eing mo'Jllted: "Am~
average oI 2.5 or better.
erican Me," "The Milagro Beanmany Hollywood entries in ''black
. A~plication deadline for next
cinema'', but they stlll have not . field War," "On the Border."
year s program is
April 211
He s:1id, "HoUywood is on the
touched Chiea.10 themes,
therefore persons interested in
"They haven't been dealt with · verge of proving or dlspro-ving
the. program an-:1 who Would like
to its~lf whether or not there is
for a variety of reason~~,'' said
more informa.tion should dro;> by
the gold mine amo;ig Latins the
Esinrza, "Mo.stly, it's a refiecour office which is located in the
same w~y there is amoung blacks.
tiou of our situation in society.
Ed-Psych Building, R~m 153 or
There are going to b~ a lot of
We're invisible;therefore, we're
call 487-2067.
films.''invisible in Hollywood, But that's
Oscar Nomination
Barrios: "Racist U.S. Educational System"
eludes them from many crltlcal deciss1oas 9.11<1 1)9rpetuates a form o! secondclass citizenship.
The nine-campus University of californla system has a grand to1al ol 16
tenured Chicano faculty members. Only
four of them came up through the ranks;
the other twelve earned tenure elsewhere and transferred to the UC sys tem.
A 1976 report estimated the total
number of Chicano professors nationally
as less than 750 and reported that
"most of those are not on tenure tracks/'
Several factors work against Chicano
pro!essors who are up for tenure
''Chicano faculty members ar~ seen
.as leaders by many people/, expla!m
Tomas Rivera, NCCHE board member ·
and vice president for administratk,. .
at the University ot Texas at San Antonio.
As -a result, they are sought out by
minority students asked to help com~
munlty organjz3.tlons, and named as
minority represen~tives to. university
committees. All those thin,zs take time
time that could have gon: to career~
boJsting research and publication.
"It used to be 'publish or perish,'
but for Chica.nos it's 'publish and perish," says a University of Texas faculty member denied tenure last year.
This is because Chieano!aculty s,)me•
times publish p.imartly in ethnic studies
jailrnals, rather than the mainline jour-
1
of. u~~•r fields.
that, says Dr. Carlos M\lllOZ
UC Berkeley, ''Chicano research
1s non-traditional. !t often challe112eS
eyoncl
of
traditional research and consequently
been categoriz~d as 'not valuefree research' or 'radical research.' "
Monoz also objects to the fact that
most Chicano junior faculty are review-•
ed by white tenure faculty. And for
some white tenured faculty• their value
systems and areas in which they are
the established authority are beingchallenged.''
To help Chicano professors build up
their research and publishing records,
the Betkeley-blsed .~CCHE is administering a $105,---FordFounchtiongrant
funding postdoctoral fellowships !or Chicano faculty in universities where
p'Jblishing is a majm.· critei:ia !or tenure.
Last year, 42 Chica.no junior faculty
from across the country applied for the
fellowsblps and 14 were s~Ieeted.
·
The fellow~hlps, which are supple-
' has
mented by contributions from ·each uni-'
versity, allow tlle professors to 1ake
a year or semester away from teach-
ing and other campus commitments and
devote the time to resgarch and writing.
The postdoctoral fellowships should
help !hose coming up for tenure, but
they come too late for thosg like CSUF's
Barrio.
So he has decided to fight his termination through legal channels.
"At first I thought 'the hell w.tth ft,'
but then I felt I could do some good
bv fle:hling," Barrio says.
"If we 1'.-!c them do !t, it juSt makes
It easier for them n!xt time they want
to make a move against a Chica.no
This will give them somethin6 to re~
member me by.''
-
March 29, 1978
LA VOZ. d'= AZTLAN
Page 3
Chicanno gra uation MAPA candidates
deadline April 21
are five _minorities
The Second Annual Chicano
commencement, bringing together relatives and friends of
CSUF Chicano graduates will be
held May 19, at the Fresno County Fairgrounds.
The Chicano Alumni Association, sponsors of the event, say
the celebration is unique because
parents and relatives of each
graduate are equallly acknowledged for the encouragement and
support they have provided. The
entire community is invited to
attend.
The btungual program lncludes
dinner, music and dancing. Reservations for dinner must be
ma.de in advance by ea.ch participating graduate.
Prospective - graduates who
Applications
CSUF's Mini-Corps 1s acceptinr applications for its second
school year program this fall.
This program is designed to
provide direct educational ~ervtce to migrant children during
the regular school year and provide the Mini-Corps students with
a pre-credential experience that
will be valuable to them when
they finally become fully credentialed bilingual teachers.
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Education
Act and ts under CSUF's School
of Education. Each Mini-Cor~
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to h131P cover
livine; and eduGa,tional expenses.
The Third Wor1.d Coalition
is pre.3ently a group made of
studeuis fro~ Tewaquachi, Iranian students, the Fresno chapter
and the northern Caiifornia chapter, Chicanos .from MEChA, students for safe anergy, Pan African Union, and independent s.tudents who are concerned about
the fast-food-type edu~ation they
are getting at CSUF presently.,
The group's activHies are
organizing against the university's reorganization plan, the
harassing of honest faculty by
the cutthroat com.petition for sur-
Lesly Kimber t a black ean1ldate s~ekin6 a Fresl10 County
Board o! Supervisors i)'Jsitioil,
is :1mong 10 cand'; dates ba~ked
by the Mexican-American Politica.l Association (MAP A).
MAPA also voted support for
four other minorltles at its endo:!.'s.~ment convention ~wo weeks
ago: Judg;.?S Al Villa anj H1gh
GMdwi.!l, Robert A_rro1oandJohn
Ramirez.
But, MAPA voted an open endorsement for the 3oth Assembly
position. President ~omas Nunez
said an open endorsement allows
MAP A members to W\lrk for the
candidate of their choice.
1
vival among supposedly intelligent professors, the administration's plans of elimi nating cultural studies programs, the undermining of minority teachers
in non-ethnic studies departments (see Barrios story), and
the hatchet administration of
Volpp and Baxter.
We encourage students, teachers, community people, and
any_one else in whatever shape
o~~ form to. attend our meetings
in the Stud·ent. Union Mondays
at 11:00 a.IT). Come and find
out what it's au about!. ·
In that state legislature race,
Julio Calderon, a former Fresno
television station i:_eporter, is .
opposed by Bruce Bronzan, Jim
Costa, Qctavia Dierner, andRlck
Jensen.
Kimber, publisher of the minority oriented California Advocate in Fresno, seeks Supervisor '
Post No. 1, vacated by Super-
visor Jon Ventura's decision not
to seek re-election.
Incumbent Municipal Court
Judges Al Villa and Hugh Goodwin were endorsed for re-elec-tion to the bench.
Other MAPA endorsements:
Tony Cuello for the lith Congressional District.
Incumbent Richard Lehmanfor
the 31st Assembly District.
Incumbent Hal McKinney for
Fresno County Sheriff.
Anthony Capozzi for District
Attorney.
John Kazer for Public Administrator.
Robert Arroyo for Fresno
County schools superintendent.
John Ramirez for county clerk.
MAPA refused to give endorsements in three other races: the
17th Congressional District, the
30th Assembly District, Supervisors Post No. 4, and the Assessor's Office.
~
Deaf .Ch .icano student wins
college presidencv
The program is looking for
junior and senior students as
they begin their course work in
the School of Education. Those
selected for the program should
have some"' experience w-orking
with migrant children or have
been migrant children themselves. They must also be bilingual and have a grade point
average of 2.5 or better.
Application deadline for next
year's program is April 21.
Persons interested in the program can get more information
in Ed-Psych 153, ext. 2067.
HET
monies must submit their applications by April 21. Applications are available in the La
Raza Studies Office, EOP Office
and the Tutorial Center.
For more information contact
Ernesto Martinez at 487-2428,
Tony Garduque at 487-1020 or
Manuel Olgin at 487-2924.
Coalitio·n: 'fast-food
-education'
ready
for Mini-Corps
wish to take p1.rt 1n the cere-
The newly elected studerit boj}'
president at Ohlone College is
a deaf man who hooos to be
preside[).t _o! the United States
some day.
Roa Martinez, 23, desp~te his
deafness, became tascinatedwHh
politics and '1m.s elected class
president at a private d1~a.f scho::>!
and public high schonl befm.-e
entering Ohlone.
"I am trying to ;,ho'N 1'?af
students they can -a.chieve w:iat
they wls~," said JJartinez.. "My
go:11 is to become the first dea!
president of the United States."
At Ohlone: a community co!lege
w!th 9,000 students,
Martinez hel~d organize a student political party that elected four o! the five winners in
the student governmen~ election.
The p-a.rty promised to liberalize· a college grading policy s-:>
that students can drop cours~s
later in the quarter wnen they
think they are failing.
Martinez speaks by s~gn ~nguage.
''I can lip read well enoagh
to carry on the normal pi:-esident's duties" s:iid Martinez. "I
only need an interpreter for large
meetings .."
Before he runs for president
Martinez plans ·to become a
teacher at the college in eco ••
nomics and become a lawyer.
hotli~e seeks Spanish speakers
The Fresno based HET (Help
in Emotional Trouble) hotline
is seeking Spanish-speaktng vol- unteers to train for telephone
counseling and referral service.
Bobbe Heizman, HET staff
member, the no11-profit o:rga.nization is looking for volunteers
with fluency in Spanish to
help in assisting non-English
ap::'3.:cing callers they receive •.
If enough volunteers are interested, a Spanish-speaking only
hotline wm · then be op:med for
the com1mmity.
"We w~nt p,~op1e who generally care aoo-ut ~o_¥>Ie and have
a feeling about people," s:1id
Heizman.
She estimates that HET gets
an average or 10-15 non-English
speaking callers per mouth and
they must refer them to other
source•; oecause they do not have
vo~un~ears who can communicate
with them.
Heizman is optimistic abo·Jt
opening a hotline for Spanishspeaking mem':>ers of the com-
munity slnce she sees a need .
for such a hotline. She for-
sees people becoming involved
in this hotline.
''We have a large po:.·tionofo·a r
community who speak only Spanish. Why should they not be
included in services we offer
the English-speaking po,_J1lation," said Heizma..1.
''We ·are all human beinis
and we .all have crises at one
time rn.· '.l,1oiher.''
Heizman speculates that a minimum of s~ven Spanish-speaktng
volunteers are needed to ::>pen
the Sp.:i.nish hotun,~.
Ten to
fifteen volunteers are needad to
keap the hotline open on a regular basis, she said.
Curl·~ntly, a few CSUF stud·ants are working with HET as
volunteers
to
aid tM-m
be ·
fore they actually work !n their
profession.
"We have studen4s fro,n ma jors sach as therapeutic recreation, so,::lal w?.lfare, p.sychology
and the communications, although
we accept students from any
area," said Heizman.
She als:) is optimistic that many
WfJmen will respond to the nead
for more vo1un~eers.
"We as women are expo.sad
to the emotional element more
of.ten.
Tbe W')ma.n needs the
kln:1 of ·op;mtunity to •?mo~iona.Uy
express herself. She needs the
type of recra:.iti.Jn ·outside the
home bat is meaningful to her.
It increasqs tha·. i• (;a-pac1ty as a
human belng, a woman an1 a
mother," saU HE:,iZman.
Accordlng to Heizman, interested perso::is will be sent an
application form and if returned,
that person will meet with the
experienced volun~eers and counselors. A decision wm then be
mad~ as to 11hether they w0re
accepi~d into the train.~nz program"
The training s-3ssions are
und,~rgoing changes right nQWi
but Heizman says one complete
training session should lastfrom
four to six wneks. In this ses sion, volunteers w-al meet once
a week for tw,., r1ours w!1ere they
w.l.ll learn counseling sktlls .. In
addition, they wm also attend
a four-hour shift with onr. ·J f the ,
experienced volunteers. . They
wm then become familiar wHh
emergency proo.::~dures , referr3.l
service calls, etc.
After the initial training, vo!unfeers will then work oae fourho·J r shift p~r week.
Heizman anticipates an in"<;reas~ in calls to the Spanish
hotline o.:ice it is in fm.•ce.
'' But it is g-J:ng to ta.'~co time.
We have to try and understand
enm.1gh abo1it the Mexican-Amer•
ican co,nmunity and what wm
make them ,::all, s!le s:iid.
HET is a 24-hour COll~idfl!ll:i.al
telephone co"Jn'>elingan:l referral
s~rvlce,
They handle · calls
concerning:
drugs, child
abuse, d-apt"•?ssion, suicide, legal
referral, welfare, bas1c needs,
interpersonal confiiets, personal
problems, sexuality, and mect1 cal, . alm1g wHh request !or information and any problems the
caller may have.
"We are trained to jo more
listening than talktng,'' said
Heizman,
For more information about
volunteer work for the HET hotlin'3, call 485-1132.
.
Page 4
LA VOZ de AZ f L.-L'i
Ma:~h 29, 1978
Native American Group Seeks
Peace, Unify & Harmony
cont1neni. ln a que~t ~or pt1,1ce,
union and harmony,
one 0f the groups l:iaders,
who calls hims~lf Coyo'·.e • .3aid
of the g_!OUJ:>.'S efforts,
"rWe
are traveling for the purpose
of trying to break down the stereotypes oi
Indians are. We
got locker! into the John Wayne
sterl:'otypeo
"We, a:, <'•. gr. ,up, ~,~:- I': l 3 a
reminder that we are stm a
large group of people that. don't
·,,ave z voice" We are trying
to reach a lot of p:?op1.e nor
just ip the United States, but
all of North Amer~ca," s?id
what
::oJ"r· ~J4
The soft-spoken Native American sai'.f his group attempt~
to show people there ar~ still
many Indians in mountains and
villages, and they have the righ~s
co remaln Indians1nstaad or ass:;,;..
Sign ups
milating- ' i1f;1 :he dJm.mr.1.: <;ociety's culture.
"We are trying to tell Indians
to keep their culture and not to
assimilate into the dominant so~!P-t,i. Th~ :ns :.; t.1.1tlonaHzecJ ,311ucation ts trying to erase the
Indian c;1iJ 'fren's cultur9. That
is where it all starts," Coyote
said.
According to Coyote., the stan.
dards for social acct~ptc1a-:11 1re
· too higti anri it is like :iee:Jing
childre:i into n ;ne,u: irinder.
"One alterna.Hv3 to the current
educational system would be tO
have more commw17ty contr:·,ls
in the schools,' 1 he said.
"What is going to hap~11 -.vh:ln
we .1r•~ au assi milated? You
can't fail at living. Yl)U fall
at llving up to somebody else's
standards." Coyt,te said.
Students . Plan
For
.Spring
A Dance contest will be the
featured event ~i the disco dance
sponsored by National Chicano
Health organization (NCHO). ·
Prizes for the dance, scheduled for Friday, Mar. 31, wlll
include dinner for two at Dos
Amigos in Mission V1llage, and
some free tequila for the· runners-up.
The dance will be held in the
Up's tairs Cafeteria at CSUF •
from 9:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.
A $I.5o donation is requested
at the door.
EOP
Day
4
EOP
I n tr a m u r a Is
All EOP students interested
in intramural Spring softball can
sign up now at the EOP office.
There will be men, women and
co-ed competition. ' The deadline for signups is Aprll 3rdo
Everyone is encouraged to participate.
There will be meetings every
Thursday at 3:30 in the EOP
office, Joyal Administration building for EOP students interested in organizing the 3rd annual EOP Spring Day.
. Spring Day is a multi-ethnic
event and all ethnic organizations are encouraged to parti•
cipate. The event is scheduled
for Friday April 28 at 10:00
a.m. to 5;00 p.m. at O'Ne111
park. There will be free lunch,
games, music and prizes.
Eco-nomic Pressures Force· Boarder Crossing
c arlo.w Guzman -sta:ff contributor
"The Wetback ls : l hungry human
being. His need ,JI f oo:l and clothing
ts immediate and pressing. · He is a
fugitive· and lt is as a fugitive fhat
he lives.. Under the c011stant threat
of apprehension and dc!portation, he canD'Jt p:-otest ot appeal no matter how
unjust he is treated, Law operates
against him but not for him. Thos~
w!10 capitaliza on the legal · disability
of the wetbacks are n-1merous and their
d1?vices are many and various. (Presid'3n~'s Commlssiont 1951:78)
This report by the President's Co.nmis-
s1011 stlll hoii<; :rue today, ani;J as loug
as. Mexico's economic problems coatintte
and as long as the United States appears to ~ the · "promise Jami,'' there
wm contin,1e to be a problem w;.th und,)cumented workers ..
What is it that makes a man leave
his family and come into the United
states and become a ~' crlmlnal" by
crm1iing Uw oo·rder i1Je(PU~·Peritp!ls
crossing the border illegally? Permps
if society completely understood -~11.1.t
motlvates und•J•~umen~ed wo.:kers to 1·:sk
their well-being by cornil}g to thG United
States, then perhaps there W'>ald ':>e measures taken to cure the problem nther
tha.1 to take measures which a.re only
to combat the symp·~oms of the pro~lem.
The problem is one of economic d,~speratlon. This is w!,y ha wlll pay a "coyote"
from $200 to $300 to '!:>e taken Into t?e
American border. This ls why he will
Uve in ~row.\ed and unsanUary_ho·asing
co.nditlo,1S. This ls why he wlll wor~
long back hreaktng hours !Jnder t_he hot
sun and other untolerable conditions.
It should be remembered that W9 are
dealing with real peo~le who are tak:1ng
the only coarse o! action which appa..ars
to give them the on!y sign of hope.
Approximately 60 percent o! all undocumen~ed work~rs in the UnitedStates
come from Mexico. The majority oi
these wo:.rkers have many things in"!ommon. They are mostly younl males
just over the age o! 2·1 years, they have
had less than five years o1 schooling,
they come mostly from rural areas, .
and they are unsk.illed wirkers., M0:1t
undocumented workers have · only don~
agricultural work In Mexico, before they
came to the United States.
As on9 undocumented worker put it,
"If I could get a gooj job in my towri,
I W'>Uld ~1ot come to the Unlted States
looking for a jo:.J." This statemen~
clearly states that the reasonforcoming
to the U.S. ls m~tivated by economic
pressures. These undocumented workers need to increa.:,:~ theirfamllyinf!ome
becaus-e w!.iat they make is not en<Jugh
to llve on, Although unemphyment is
high in Mexico, the eeo,1omic situation
is w-1:rs:mP.d by th~ lack o~ good ;xtying
jobs. This, plus the steady risa in
the inflation rate s1nce B71, has moi:1vated Mexicans !o seek jobs in the United States.
Undocumented workers
are aw-:ire of the.dlngers i)f ma~i!lg the
trip, or o! being caught by the Immigration and ~aturalizatim1 Service.
However, thes9 workers are als-:>
a w:,.re that in 0.19 to three months o!
W'Jrk tn the United States they can make
mo:e moJey than they w":ud in one year's
time in their home tmvr1.
The majo:..·1ty o! undo~umente.d .workers m1ly come to the UU:ted States for
short -perfojs of time, and very
few of
them ever considar imm!gratin5 to the
United States legally. Most ot thew.,:rkers return to Mexico alter .their seasonal job3 are over, w;ien they have maje
the ammmt o! mo11ey which they e
the amoJnt o~ money w!rlch they ware
hopmg to make, 01• when their desire
to see their ramlly overcomes them.
According to a Massachusetts Jnstitute o! Technology study dm1e by Wayn~
Crnelius, 58 p.~rcent or undocume~ted
workers are in the United States fo,: 10ur
i).t" less mo,lths.
Of all the wrxrkers
w!iich Cornelius interview~'1 only 11 perc~nt stayed 1n the Untted States lon~r
than one year before they returned ~o
Mexico..
The und,,cum':\nted wo~kers
see the big difference$ in w::-lges between
jobs in the United States a,1:f Mexico
a.11 this also draws more woTk~rs to
the UnUed Sfate.s. When the Peso lost
almost half its value, thus :Jarning more
buying l)')'Nf.lr for the dollar, there was
an ~bviou.s increase of umlocumented
w•,:..·kers who •~tossed ~he border.
Undocumented 'W''J:..•kers are looking for
jobs ~inr:l the United States is in eo11Sfant
demand 'fo:r cheap labor, so til3S9 two
facfoi:s are the d:..rect cause of the undJcumented worker p::oblem.~ Unfortunately, s!nce these workers :1re here
illegally ·they are the workers who receive the lowfJst w:1.ges, usually have
the w:Jrst working conditioils, have bad
housing, an:t worse they suffer from
dls~rimlnatioa and cheating from no·;
m1ly Anglos but also Mexican-Americans
a'.nf.1 Chicano.s .
Undo~mented W:lrkers w!10 make
regular trlp,.:; to the United States tend
to return to the same jobs, so after
a time they become reliable w·:,.rkers
and since growers J)'lyther:n low--:;rw1ges,
the und,Jcumented worker has become
a very fa vo.ra.ble group o! wurkers for
growers WiIJ need tield W1Jrkers, Even
during the Bracero Program, some
workers preferred to be here illegaUy
because If you wore a bracero you •~re
co:lfln~d to o,1e employer or job. If
you were not a brieero you could go
from one job to another. It is believed that the tomato ~rop o! 1951 r-.s .
pl.eked by equal J)'lrts of braceros and
undoeumen~ed workers, and a small inrt
of mostly d•.)mestic families., In order
to hopefully put an end to the hiring
o~ undoe·umP.nted wr:Jrkers, the U.s. anti
Mexico passed. in 1949 Public Law 78
at Sectioa 501; which states, "no work- .
ers shall be avalJable''-to 1ny empfo:,er
"wl10 bas in him 9 mp!oy • • • any
Mexican Alien • • • not Ia wfully in the
United states.'' Thes~ and_ l)_ther .Jaws
:lid not prJt an end to the h1rmg 01. un-
rtncumented workers,
.
. Under heavy pressure from u.rgamzad
labor; the braeero program was end-ad
in 1964. After this date, the number
of undocumented workers increased
greatly. The Bracero pro~m sl~ply
went u,n,i,~rgro·and. Ho·N0ve~, 1t is ln-eresting to note that the ma10:rity .of the
o!d~r undo•~um~nted W'.>rkers first come
to the UeS. und~!r the Bracero Program.
The United states benefits in three ways.,
First jobs are created ':o apprehen1,
care fo:.·, and ·axpt)l undo~umented W,'.Jrk-
er;;, secon,1. undocumented workers
spen:t a lot o! their mo.1~~ in the Un~ted
States before goin.s bac.\C to Mextco,
and third. unjo•;Jmented wo~·kers fill
the need }o::- cheap labor. Mexico also
benefits from uudo·,:mmented wo:rkers beC3.US8 the mo.1ey witlch is 1>ent or ta.lcen
back to Me:<lco helps Mexico's stagger-
in economy.
.
Since M~xico :.1eed, sco:aomic rehef
.ror their unemployedanj 1·1eirumt~remployed and since the United sta-~es
ha:3 a Ja:rga deman1 tor cheap labor
be the answu. How~ver revislou.i; should
be maje to benefit the wo:kers, Mexico,
and the United States.
March 2~, 1978
Page 5
The Heart of
Sa ntana Sound ..
Peraza,
Rekow
Escov-e do,
By Felix Contreras .
Since the days wl)en it was
a Mission Dtstrict street b;.-:d,
were bought
Sjxl~tsh.
by the Fren,~h
"We're talcing a basic Latin
r•1ythm," Pete explains, "and
''We (Cubans) p:tay some drums expan-:linz it to w!1erc it bec Jmes . •
that the Afrlca.ns people d•m't very wlde ·in range, in that the
play anymo4,·e. A lot of. the arran~ments get very interesttribes a:;.•a disappearing, and the ing, iMtead o1 a typfo-1: da.1ce
culture ls d!sappea.ring....We are tune. Like a .i1m::e thing wh:?re
the only Latin Americaa eountry all of a sud,l3n you're into Us ·
that repres~.at ,~b.e African cul- tenin~. The dmce elament is still
ture from way back.. ..
there, but. you're mere inclined
Discm,smg the art of praying
''The Cuban infiuene.e 1s al- to listen."
conza.
s, Peraza explains, "Peo W'.?.ys there, ineludlng in the di.sco
Raul Rekow comes from •yet
pie misunrfors~n•l, they thinko! today, yoa ha re a Cuban in••
fluence. The dis::,, i_.1 :>etween another generation o! pt1reuss ..
boom,_; boom, hoom, bonm-- it's
iouists~ and his beginnings sho'N easy. It's not that easy. It's
the samba, and variou.s Caribit.
bean Is'laald:;, but ls to:hy called
"I got started after seeinz very difficuP to m.1:~t-3 r the indlsco.,''·
Santana for the first time, in :,trumcnt." To master the con&-1,
it takes :it le:rst 10 1ears o!
Pete Escovedo, a 0 s.aconr:l gen• s
eration" nercussio11ist, burst 1969, at the Cow Palace m an
dedication to the d.~um, he s:iys "
Y"
Francisco.. It more or less lnEven thoagh he's been ?h.fl.ili
into the spotlight of. the San . spir 9 d me to .s tart p:1.a.ying con:i.lmo:~;_ 1.:J. his life, Peraza, along
Frandsco Latino musi;! .:;cau~
,,
while in Azteca. A band he gas.
with the othN'3, ~in:t : ;t ha:t d b
and his ' brother Coke (himself
From there, he did a stint mcpiain why they p:1.ay percussion,
. a top-notch timbalero) put to•- in an all-Philipin•J oa&1d thatSa.i,}3ekmv'. "It's very infectious,
tana so:i.1gs note rm.· note called, .
gethe.r after years of playing w!ia.t els~, So·al Sa~rificc (later When ym.1 hear the co,1ga, it
in various San Fra.n~tseo ~lub
changed to Daklla). It ~s durmakes 1ou w-1nt to :los-::nnethingbands., After tw.:-i w~ll receivetl ing a club date with Daklla that
it makes ym1 w-mt to inrty, it •
,Llbums, and a lot of touring,
.
d
makes yoa - want to drm"!e, it
-Azteca dlsband~d, and Pete went Rekow~ 1" 7~5 appr?acne 1JY memmakes you . wm1t to plaJ.
It
0~1 to become a very in-demand
bers oi. Malo to J_oln them.
aL;:, 1.n::-.~es you want to l~arn.
studio percussiouistandvo,~alist. Arter S'.)me time w!th Malo,
Last spring, Escovedo r~Rek•Jw ;)?..rted comzni1yw!th Malo,
le~ed an album wtth yet another amt ·3n1ed up playin-5fordifferent
club ban-is in San Franeiseo and .
Es:.!oved-.:i, h(3 eonga-p!aying 21
year o~d d1ughi:er, Sheila, The
do1ng "a lot of different things"
album, "Sofo Two", was proup until a year and a half ago
d,1eed ~Y jazz-great Billy Cobwhen he w:i.s app.toached -JY
ham. It included musical diCarlos Santa11a to joln the ba11drections slmll,ar to those of Azthe very band that inspired tum
teca, and show.;?.sed the Escoto p1a.y in the first place.
vedos at what they do best- pun
~onga y timtial, but with a twist.
and
1
the heart o! the Santana s:)uud
bas always been the rhythm, 3.&'ld
the dr-;1ms tm.t make that rhythm.
It has become legenr.L'lry - , the
percussion sectio&1 P'Jmpini o·Jt
a driving beat fo-r C3.rlos' st:o:rch~
ing guitar work.
Sant.a112. .i:mtshed their latest
U~S. to·ar to a ca.paeity crowd
at Fresno's Sellad Arena. 'RidinR"
toe cr'.>st of popularity
or
their
latest album, "Moonfimver", the
current band has been hailed by
many as the best ·Santana band
ever;
· For this ba..'ld, Carlos Santana.
p!cked probably the stro,1gest
percussion trio' that can_exist
in one band: Arinando Peraza,
respected '.>y many musicians
as a master of the conga drum;
Pete Eseovedo, on timbales> ·a
25-year veterano o:r Latino mu1;tc
in the bay area; an-'i Raul Reko·w,
ou c-:o:.1ga:.i; a uyoungster" at.the
age or 23,. yet pulling his wG·1ght
in sa.ch a strong percussion
ensemble.
Armando Peraza came to the
, United States in 1949 (w-:-,en ne
was Hin ~s 20's) from his native
Hav-~.:n, Cuba.. Durl~g the span
of his caraer, he had played with
many
jazz greats:
Stan
Kenton, Diziy Gillespie, Ju,dy
Garland, Carlos Fedei·l co, Cal
Tjader, the Ust go~s on(his ftrst
recm.•ding date in the U oS. W".-,
wUh fa1m:l -~.l.,:J r,upiayer Charlie Parker!)
P13ra,v1, along with other Cuban
•~oi1ga greats like Mongo Santamaria, Pata.to, and Francisco
Aguabella, began to reinforce a
Cuban infiuen-::e in American
music that, he says, "has alw:,.ys
been, and still is, here,
"To±1y, people are not wHling.
to recogn.1ze the eohtributions of
the Cuban musl.::ian in :parts of
the world. In the United States,
the Cuban m:is:ic1an has a great
innuence into A.nierican jazz,
fro:n the time o! Dlxi.eland to
the Pl:'asent time ••• "
Peraza illustrates his point
by tracing the Jnth o! captured
Africans, from Africa to the
UnUed States 1 an.j ::he sto,;>s at
different Caribbean Islands, in-clud-:.ng Cuba, where Africans
learn mo:t e about the ct.·um a.-\(1
the rhythms that come f r-:nn that
drum. That's w!iat it d:>es to .
me ••• It's something very myI can't pinpoint il .. I
don't k.'low what it is, but it
is."
Escoved:J: "Y 011 get to lo·ve it,
and it's all you want to do.. It
gets to the p0int where you've
been dolng it for so ma,17 years,
stical.
yoJ do!l'g
you don't ~.nt to turn back. You
just w:,.nt to ::Ceep golnJ at it
stronger."
Peraz~:
side, that
"It's something inyou
love.
Yo:i
can't
ex-pl:lin this to noJOdy. It's a
feelinJ that o:..1ly a conga player
Wl<lersta.nds! Nnhntfv ~·; c"'"
LA
voz de AZ ru:{
Dominguez , Durazo
Gal·l ardo , Martinez
Ramirez
I
.Verdugo
On The Bank
Hombre
I was in Egypt
hidden by what I imagined reeds.
We sailed leaves, or w•ood--anything
and saw the world below us.
We were masters of war there;
d~stroying island camps,
sinking ships before they got
away,
changing the land.
Each time we sat on the l?ank
we w~re killers.
Matting the reeds dampening our
pants.
Sometimes waiting for mountains of brown foam
to bomb until they mixed with
the water aga.iii.
Hands
A hand never wears out
never sows a p.J•~ket
never searches or makes speeches
never p,mehes a typewriter ' or faee
or gropes for breases or balls
or plays tens:e games with its brother
but it's to blame.
I know without hands nothing could move
but they are as useless as tongues
always letting slip facts, always making
sisters hold tight to laundry jobs
or s11pptng holds on grandmothers
sunk df'~P in a vat of autumn leaves.
Hands are always hungry,
begging for food, bringing wilole families'
to yo'Jr daorstep
with huge saddles 011 (heir backs.
Don't depend on hands
they're unlucky at dice, they make federal buildings
w::lte dates draw convers:1tio,1S Interrupt conversations
They're delicate
when the situatio~1
calls for delicacy, like when
they tug your hair
to remf.nd you of the times J::>U've fallen short.
This is why people beat their hands
using each other. This is w!1y •..
But they're not to bla.mP., after all
my whole life began wtth a hand.
They delivered me like a package, knew my father
kne·w my mother,
lrn.ew I.he loud-mouths they'd become
s;,olling everything
spouting disgraceful chairs and beds
backed Yi.th meaning.
So whip them, W!l1P them a.U,
•ca.use even If yoa wanted
you can neve:r g~t rid of hands.
They never give back
w!iat they stole
to begin with.
--Mike Dominguez
Wa~iu
barrio of
the mind,
wr10 sleeps
1n slea.zy
cities
with
lights :in:l
neon signs,
your
s
d
e
W?.lks ::oncreted,
and Jlayground-,
tarred wUh
Red;;, Heroin,
and Liquo~,
your sleep
is dangerous,
Remember
Vin~ente Gutierrez
and
.Danny Trevino,
they w~re easy
to -bhme,
Remember how 8.£ the
coo,~arts :ind
muslc
jams,
all yol wmit
to do
ls to trip
an1
get
fuckM up,
Wacha,
look at
colores,
-blues
in
all
snades and
shapes,
then
•~omp-are
them to
violets ·
purples,
a.nj r.i1ack;,
then ~hey
wm trun
to yellow~
orange, and
gold,
like the
co~or o!
light,
oI spn. ..'!?,
of time,
o! on~,
ESCUCHA
THE
RF.VO LUCION
NEEDS YOUo
1
Victor Martinez
--Rudy G3J.lard1)
Page 7
LA VOZ de AZTLAN
Grapefie/d as aChi/d
No not
Great clouds wired to the ground
conier and tremble
when a boy, loaded with water, passes
puling his feet qui.czy from the smolda;cig earth
His family has sent him the youngest
for the ga!Jon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap.
The brown skin blotches with the dust
His father, who is grey, has spotted him b'Jt keeps working,
But what about that week thougn,
tt was of course not real ~~ DO! real things
nor real love
nor real flesh
nor hair, nor highways
nor breath.
And there arf:! people now, everywhere,
bobing in and out of the l~aves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
It was of course a world which can only exist
when it does
and not when one wants 1t to .
Ben Durazo
✓
.
.
.
l·.i
".·,
ti~e, no not flesh
.
.
It encircles one
and one cannot cause to be encircled by it.
One steps into it, carried on that line:
That fat flying windowed line
from which we vtew but don't see
and wa-:Ce up after traveling on it
never in it
in a different world where hjghways
are stretched on superstructures
o!trees
and lawns are thick and green
and tall,
swayi.,1g in the light brec z.3
which c~!Ties the sun to one's face
and the heart rests on a clump
and when rais,J:j sees tae sun
touching t.he supe.rstruct-1re
ln the distance,
whe.ra tile plllars hoM it up,
whe-i·e the ~~turtow!5 are .on i1e:· st1-:>:1Mers
ud both of you
are foe re i111der t; 1-1 :1 ;,:i .>n_;
neld up IJy !he brown trees.
Then it's all gone ·
after you board that line
and are carried by 1.t
from windows
ov2r ;lhl'~5 '.)r .·r::.t? clouds
to be encircled by another time
which ls nof. real time
no~· real heat
nor re.a.I dust
nqr real fl,esh charred by napalm
or stabbed by silver bayonets or imp~led
on rusty barbed wire
and left to rot in the monsoon till
worms :.i.r<! where green traCldf rounds
came from
and a loud, soul releasing cry
hung in the air
when mo.ning revaaled
the blow11 il:~ l es
the scatt:?re.j, ruptured sandbags
of the earth
which through it all
left you ai.lve to hear
the cry
. to watch it float
with the sun
and the va-p·) rizing molsture
of non-real time
and non-real plac<~
and non-real fiesh.
George Verdugo
Abuelo
Now I see nothing,
there ls no one who has.
A few Words By Someone Who Has Tried Everything
Because now as trees .slowly age,
and It s~ems like ,hey mw~r 11e-.,
he sf.ts, his body ,-;;Jaking as lf nerves try
to le:1p !l.·•::>m his bod'!.
He sits in the same chair;
Still it rises, burns.
Still windshields carry 1t across the ground
And now,
the pain of looking into it
stops it in the mQrning. ,
ln the same pla.::e.
· Jobnny p1.ays outside,
Abuelo stares watching,
he rememoors h1s lost youth time has stolen,
He tells me, "I could Wl)tk all day in my
youth, there were no limits, never".
He wants to plaJ.
The hum of the house, clocks ticking _
the refrigerator: the ho'JSe w-ithered like
himself
At forty he checked for Wl"P.lcomed wrinkles,
they came slowly.
I sit next to him.
I hoH his tremb~ing lwld1
he tells me it won't stop
1 squeeze,
Still it rises,
smaller in the waste of houra,
still the dead leaves carry it with them
to the ground,
still my shoe
with the taste of stone,
of granl,
of the melted tar on cracked streets,
of water,
of the guts of worms,
of leaves returning to the rust of roots,
presses shadows to the ground
when it burns,
,,,anq cars pus with the children of the •un
seething in their eyes
like mad demons in the morning.
it stops~
Inside I feel hls la.st nerve squirming,
there is no feeling, no pain.
ms face ugs, a~
George Verdugo
sh'Wly he says,
"no para".
I say nothing.
Pedro Ramirez
p :1 oto h\' Carlos 1; 11zman
, Lite is movement~ movement 1s life'
P hutv hy Carlos Guzm-an
NUESTRO spotlights Barrio
CSUF wants no chicanos ?
BY FELIX GUTIERREZ and
MARIO EVANGELISTA
(Reprinted witn p~rmissi,J.1 fFOm
1\JUEST~O m:..!,!azine.)
F
ranelsco G. Barrio prooo:.1Iy
won't be teaching at California's
Fresno State University next
fall. That might sarp:dse those who
know !lim. Fo:- Barrio~ 4-4, has had
a long and p:o:luctive career as an
artist (one-man show:; ln his n-itive
New Mexico, Texas, Californta an'i .)ther
states) and as an art educator (teachinl in CSUF's art d8partment since
1973).
He ·na.s· :1lso worked closely
wHh art groups in the barrio :ind p:1blished .uticles in scholarly jo·Jrn'lls.
Yet despite all this, the PlLTJ has
been d,~aied tenure and given a "te·~minal year'' · co.1tract - -mea~ii.ng t_hat
the senfor p:~o!essors in Jis d·~partment feal he is -:.inquallfied for . a loug-
term teaching p0sition.
Like a. n:.imber of other Chicano university p·:ofes5ors, Barrio learned :he
hard W:iY that getting a d,)ctorate an.1
3. faculty position ire only s:eppingstones lead~nz to the r0.3.l hurdle: earning a loni-term job on a university
faculty.
This is because most pro~ess'J.l'S are
usually h1re1, at first, on probatio.:iary or "tenure track" contracts, generally for fo'Jr to six years. Tow::i.rd
the end o! this period_, they are evaluated by the o~der me mhers ~! the faculty.
If their record ls cmvinzing, they are
granted tenure, a "perm::inent" teaching
contract to retirement. If not, they
meet Fran~is~o Barrio's fate --termination.
And ln ~he tenure game, the card;
seem stack~d against Latinos.
Indeed, says Barrio, the U.S. educattond system is "racist as :3. given
fact'' Strong words, but they are
amp~y buttress-ad by the axperiences o:
other Chican·o ;)ro!essors in California during the I)1St few years.
"We have pm1etrated the iligher ed1catio.:1 establishment, but the question
is w~1ether or not we will sarvive,"
says Arturo Madrid, Chairman of the
Natio.ul Council m.1 Chicano High Educatio.1 (NCCHE).
To prove his J)'Jlnt, he ticks off the
names o: six Chic:1110 r,:~holars who !ailed
to get tenure at University of califor nia camp1ses in the Jnst three years.
Madrid . who was himself d,~nied tenure
at UC San Diego before being named
chairman of the deinrtm~nt of Spanish
and Portuguese at the University of
Minnesota, · p::edlcts more fights for
tenure in the near future --and w!th
go•.:>d .reaipn..
enured faculty o!ten coatrol univer sity po1icles, hiring d,~clsions, pro mo·~ions, an1 curriculum. Denying Chicano faculty meml.>P.rs tenure thus e.x:(Please turn to pg. 2)
T
Francisco Barrio
.B.A WG,_
···••&••
.Chicano .Film Nominated
Stu dents demonstrate in front of
Fresno City Holl
In tbe midst of an era· wt1ere
Hollyw1,od films do not tm1ch
Chicano themes comes a Chicano film which has received an
Oscar nomination •.
"Agueda Martinez: our People,
our CO'Jntry," has been nominated for an Oscar award 1n the
Short Subject category. The
film tells the story of an 80year-old curandera, Agueda
Martinez, who lives on a small
farm ln New Mexico.
Producar Moctesuma Esparza
and director Esperanza Vasquez
state that out of the strength
and endurance of sra. Martinez,
~ domlna."lt theme a·merges, That
or the relationship between a
person and his/her environment.
Sra., Martinez rejects TV and
uses :3. WfJOd-burning stove. Her
land · provides everything she
needs such as food, clothing,
and shelter (her housa is made
of earth).
, In one of Sra. Martinez's
concluding lines she says,(Engl-
ish translation), "Th.~ Earth is
the only thinz that gives life and
when one goes oo.ck to it, it eats
you up,"
tesu:n~ Espa.n a Produ-~Uons> a
Chicano !Um company formed
in 1974.
Esparza and Vasquez have
previo:isly pcoducecl a f1~m too-e-
ther shortly after they met in
1970. The film w.:.s '' Requiem
2:l", a film ::i.'.10ut the terror of
the riot that resulted in the
Continued on Page 2
Epidemic Of Violence
'
Agueda Martinez was exhibited
at Filmex last stprig on a bill
with Les Blank's "Chulas Frm1teras'', a 60-minute documentary
about Tex-Mex (Texas-Mexlcan
or ranchera) music.
The Iilm fs p:::-odr1eed by Mo7-
.
MALDEF takes the cas_e to Attorney Genera I
\
The Mexican American Legal Defense
Education Fund (MA..LDEF) stepped up
its efforts recently when MALDEF's
president and general counsel, Vilma
Martinez, wrote to US Attorney General
Griffen Sa U d1~maniin6 that the federal
government become active in balting
Chicano genocide.
But MALDEF spokespersons are not
particularly encouraged by the response
it received.
''The Justice Department's response
brought home to us how the government is not going to go m1t 011 a Umb
for this," Elizabeth Benedict of MALDEF
told LA VOZ Moaday.
Martinez, who ls also a University
of California regent, told Bell that "o1ficfa.l violence against Chi.2nos had
reached epidemic proportions in the
Southwest."
"We - stated that this violence was
a severe, wldespread ••. and highly
emo~onal phenomenen/' the Chic;im.
atto:.·ney told Bell.
''The situation has no easy solutions.
It's a problem of incredible racism,''
she said. "Even if the justice d9JE,rtment takes a stand to help us, it's still
a huge, huge problem. Lo:>k ho·w long
it's taking equality to come aro·undsince
the civil rights movement began."
Benedict said although the Justice Department knew about som~ of the cases,
MALDEF's request has prompted the
federal government to begin viewing
other cases p:evim1sly unk.nov.a to the
department.
She s1.ld altho·agh the Justice Departm~nt, in a few extreme cases, has become tnvo1ved through th~ FBI _or federal prosecutio.as, a more systematic
federal response must dea-1 wtth "the
, current outbreak or vio1ence oy tnose
"Who are charged to ~nforce the law.''
MALDEF. sent to Bell documentation
giving "bare bone details of 30 incldents of official brutality" and is investigating another 40 cases.
The MALDEF letter s~nt to Griffen
rep'J:.."ts that in the last two years, ,
16 Chicanos were killed and many more
beaten or s~verely wo·Jnded by law officers in California, New Mexico, Colo- ,
rado, and Texas.
'' This violence refiects widespread
Ia w o!ficer mentality that equates a
gun and 1 badge with being the local
embodiment oI the supr~me authority
or the law," Martinez states,
''In many of these cases, the state
judicfa.I system h'ls proved 1mcm1cernea
or inadequate to punish the per~trators
of violence. The quality oi response
by local prosecutors, judges and jurors
in many cases reflects the rampant
p:rejud.lce against Mexican Americans in
many parts of the Southwest."
MALDEF cites one case in w!lich
. an Dakland, Califo:rn.~.a man was stopped
amt searched in connection with a stolen
car investigation. He was forced into
a "spread-eagle'' p'lsition and a cocked •
gun wts held at his head. The search
ended when the ~W·:>ffic9rshotandkilled
the man. The officer violated all or
the ·., C>akland Police Department pro cedires for such a search. According to MA.LDEF's sources, the possibility of p'JliCc co·~er-up ~s under investigation
In another case in Denver, Colorado,
two private citizans -- one Mexican
American, the other An 6lo- - "exchanged
w·:>rds'' while JX}.ssing m1 the street.
The white man returned to his house,
bro-Jght out a gun a.nd shot and killed
the Chicano. The Police Deinrtment
allegedly melted the shotgun used for
the m11rder and, because the shotgun
was the main piece of evid·:mce, further
charges were drop,ed..
ln her letter to the Attorney General,
Ms. Ma:tinez urges him to view these
tw·, cases, and the additional 28 that
MAL.JEF dtJo~uments, n'Jt s:i.mp~.y as isolated incld~nts o! vio1ence ·out as an
"epidemic · of violence and hatred dir~cted against Mexican Americans, a
mtional minority w!to are --in many
of the communities where they are terrorized-- a dts-anfra.nc~sed majority."
· Martinez recommends that the Justice
De~rtment commit its~lf not only to
halting this wave of vioience but, to
developing an over-all c3.mpaign. w!lich
would "a1dress the und2rlying problem
revealed by these incidents."
Martinez asks for more numerous
Investigatioas · by the FBI, for federal
prosec:.1ttons and, mo::a generally, for
the moral leadership or the AtJorney
General and his staff.
Students and other concerned individuals are enco-Jraged to write Bell and
their congressmen ~sklng for a strong
an,1 real resp:>ase to MALDEFs efforts.
Mar.::b Z9, 1378
LA VOZ d9 AZTLAN
COMENTAR 10
The American
"DoubleStandard"
Dream?
WASlflNGTON (AP)--ABOUT 50 ANGRY FARMERS FORCED
THEIR WAY INTO THE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT'S MAIN
OFFICE BUILDING TODAY, ASSAULTING SEVERAL GOVERN_
MENT SECURITY GUARDS AND OCCUPYING AN INNER PATIO
BEFORE THEY WERE FORCED TO LEA VE BY FEDERAL
RIOT POLICE •••
••• SOME FIRECRACKERS WERE SET OFF BY THE FARM
ERS INSIDE THE BUILDING, CAUSING BYSTANDERS TO THINK
THEY WERE GUNSHOTS. • • THE FARMERS PUSHED THEIR
WAY THROUGH, BREAKING A DOOR AS THEY ENTERED•••
• • • ONE FARMER, NOT IDENTIFIED, WAS TAKEN INTO
TEMPORARY . CUSTODY, (A SECURITY AIDE) SAID THAT
"WE PROBABLY WON'T CHARGE, HE'S JUST A HOTHEAD." ••
.' •• WALTER EVANOFF, DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE FEDERAL
PROTECTIVE SERVICE, SAID LATER THAT THE FARMER
WOULD BE RELEASED BECAUSE 11 WE MADE A DEAL TO KEEP
THEM FROM TEARING THE BUILDING DOWN. 11 • • •
Incredible. As expected? Probably the immediate reaction
is to cringe with outrage, maybe frustration, and then finally·
bitterness at the obvious insult of the double-standard exposed
through the above national news story.
How can we help but think of the times that minoritles-dell]onstrating for justice as the U.S. farmers now do in the fight
for price par~ty--were faced with similar circumstances only
to
suffer the swift
and often merciless fist of this system's
"justice'' smash through our ranks.
About the only kind of deal we would ever be offered is ''you
stop demonstrating or we shoot on the spot.'' Notice that when
the farmers come out to make waves about what they feel is right
they are called "hotheads" and released. We're called trouble- '
makers, outside agitators, and get charged with everything in
the book. You know that if it had been us throwing _lirecricker·s~,
we would have been met with volley after volley of gunshots.
So we sound like somebody with a chip on our shoulders?
Maybe so.
We can sympathize with working persons who
just want their fair share of the deal. Mo:re power to the farmers
I
for not just sitting back and taking the short end of the stick.
But remember who denounced us for trying to wake people
up to realities and inequities (especially in the area of agricultural labor) that . existed and needed to be dealt with in our society?
Remember who labeled us "communists, etc.•• when we
marched and demonstrated • • • you can bet if we had jammed
the nation's streets with tractors we would have been jammed
into the nation's jails.
Axioms like "work within the system" become insults at
such times, expecially when the evidence of the double-standard
we have suffered from for so long blares out.
If nothing else, hopefully the farmer's current plight will
bear out the contention that civil rights and farm labor advocates
have had to use to m.ake any gains: that sometimes we must
make a lot of noise to get anywhere.
After all the shit we've endured throgh our anti-war marches .
boycotts, demonstrations, and walkouts ••• not to mention the
'
more "in-the-system'' approaches -- it is very tempting to tell
those farmers, "America--Love It or Leave rt."
But then, ••• we would be guilty of the same hypocrisy and
double-standards ••• wouldn't we?
Felix J. Contreras
Elvia Ruiz
Rudy Gallardo, Arturo Ocampo,
Pedro Ramirez, Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Geor-ge Verdugo, Pedro Ramirez,
Sal Garcia
Artista
Carlos
Guzman
Photographer
Contributors
Cindy Cabrera, Maria Correa,
· Bobby Galvan, Liz Santillan, Luis Sepulveda
Ometeot 1
Spiritual Advisor
Editor
Assistant Editor
Reporters
LA VOZ DE AZTLAN is a special edition of the Daily Collegian
Mini-Corps 2nd Year
Of Helping Migrants
After a very successful first
year, CSUF's Mini•Co:rps will
be startin.; their s-econd sehool
year pro~m this fall. This
program is d,asigned to provido
direct educational service to mi-
grant children ti!lring the regular
sehool year andp:rovide the MiniCorps students with a pre-credential experience that wm be
valuable to them when they become fully credentialed bilingual
teachers ..
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Ed:1catioo
Act and is under CSUF's School
o! Education. Each Mini-Corps
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to help cover
llvin_g and educational expenses,
The program is looking for
Junior and Senio:r students as
they begin their . course w:Jrk in
the School of Education. Those
selected fo:r the program should
have some experience working
with migrant children or have
Continued from Page l
been migrant children themchanging.''
death o! The Times newsman
selves. They must J..1..rn be blEsiXi,rza potnts to other Holly- · lingual and have a grade point
Ruben Salazar.
Es;nrza said there have been W,Jod films :>eing mo'Jllted: "Am~
average oI 2.5 or better.
erican Me," "The Milagro Beanmany Hollywood entries in ''black
. A~plication deadline for next
cinema'', but they stlll have not . field War," "On the Border."
year s program is
April 211
He s:1id, "HoUywood is on the
touched Chiea.10 themes,
therefore persons interested in
"They haven't been dealt with · verge of proving or dlspro-ving
the. program an-:1 who Would like
to its~lf whether or not there is
for a variety of reason~~,'' said
more informa.tion should dro;> by
the gold mine amo;ig Latins the
Esinrza, "Mo.stly, it's a refiecour office which is located in the
same w~y there is amoung blacks.
tiou of our situation in society.
Ed-Psych Building, R~m 153 or
There are going to b~ a lot of
We're invisible;therefore, we're
call 487-2067.
films.''invisible in Hollywood, But that's
Oscar Nomination
Barrios: "Racist U.S. Educational System"
eludes them from many crltlcal deciss1oas 9.11<1 1)9rpetuates a form o! secondclass citizenship.
The nine-campus University of californla system has a grand to1al ol 16
tenured Chicano faculty members. Only
four of them came up through the ranks;
the other twelve earned tenure elsewhere and transferred to the UC sys tem.
A 1976 report estimated the total
number of Chicano professors nationally
as less than 750 and reported that
"most of those are not on tenure tracks/'
Several factors work against Chicano
pro!essors who are up for tenure
''Chicano faculty members ar~ seen
.as leaders by many people/, expla!m
Tomas Rivera, NCCHE board member ·
and vice president for administratk,. .
at the University ot Texas at San Antonio.
As -a result, they are sought out by
minority students asked to help com~
munlty organjz3.tlons, and named as
minority represen~tives to. university
committees. All those thin,zs take time
time that could have gon: to career~
boJsting research and publication.
"It used to be 'publish or perish,'
but for Chica.nos it's 'publish and perish," says a University of Texas faculty member denied tenure last year.
This is because Chieano!aculty s,)me•
times publish p.imartly in ethnic studies
jailrnals, rather than the mainline jour-
1
of. u~~•r fields.
that, says Dr. Carlos M\lllOZ
UC Berkeley, ''Chicano research
1s non-traditional. !t often challe112eS
eyoncl
of
traditional research and consequently
been categoriz~d as 'not valuefree research' or 'radical research.' "
Monoz also objects to the fact that
most Chicano junior faculty are review-•
ed by white tenure faculty. And for
some white tenured faculty• their value
systems and areas in which they are
the established authority are beingchallenged.''
To help Chicano professors build up
their research and publishing records,
the Betkeley-blsed .~CCHE is administering a $105,---FordFounchtiongrant
funding postdoctoral fellowships !or Chicano faculty in universities where
p'Jblishing is a majm.· critei:ia !or tenure.
Last year, 42 Chica.no junior faculty
from across the country applied for the
fellowsblps and 14 were s~Ieeted.
·
The fellow~hlps, which are supple-
' has
mented by contributions from ·each uni-'
versity, allow tlle professors to 1ake
a year or semester away from teach-
ing and other campus commitments and
devote the time to resgarch and writing.
The postdoctoral fellowships should
help !hose coming up for tenure, but
they come too late for thosg like CSUF's
Barrio.
So he has decided to fight his termination through legal channels.
"At first I thought 'the hell w.tth ft,'
but then I felt I could do some good
bv fle:hling," Barrio says.
"If we 1'.-!c them do !t, it juSt makes
It easier for them n!xt time they want
to make a move against a Chica.no
This will give them somethin6 to re~
member me by.''
-
March 29, 1978
LA VOZ. d'= AZTLAN
Page 3
Chicanno gra uation MAPA candidates
deadline April 21
are five _minorities
The Second Annual Chicano
commencement, bringing together relatives and friends of
CSUF Chicano graduates will be
held May 19, at the Fresno County Fairgrounds.
The Chicano Alumni Association, sponsors of the event, say
the celebration is unique because
parents and relatives of each
graduate are equallly acknowledged for the encouragement and
support they have provided. The
entire community is invited to
attend.
The btungual program lncludes
dinner, music and dancing. Reservations for dinner must be
ma.de in advance by ea.ch participating graduate.
Prospective - graduates who
Applications
CSUF's Mini-Corps 1s acceptinr applications for its second
school year program this fall.
This program is designed to
provide direct educational ~ervtce to migrant children during
the regular school year and provide the Mini-Corps students with
a pre-credential experience that
will be valuable to them when
they finally become fully credentialed bilingual teachers.
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Education
Act and ts under CSUF's School
of Education. Each Mini-Cor~
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to h131P cover
livine; and eduGa,tional expenses.
The Third Wor1.d Coalition
is pre.3ently a group made of
studeuis fro~ Tewaquachi, Iranian students, the Fresno chapter
and the northern Caiifornia chapter, Chicanos .from MEChA, students for safe anergy, Pan African Union, and independent s.tudents who are concerned about
the fast-food-type edu~ation they
are getting at CSUF presently.,
The group's activHies are
organizing against the university's reorganization plan, the
harassing of honest faculty by
the cutthroat com.petition for sur-
Lesly Kimber t a black ean1ldate s~ekin6 a Fresl10 County
Board o! Supervisors i)'Jsitioil,
is :1mong 10 cand'; dates ba~ked
by the Mexican-American Politica.l Association (MAP A).
MAPA also voted support for
four other minorltles at its endo:!.'s.~ment convention ~wo weeks
ago: Judg;.?S Al Villa anj H1gh
GMdwi.!l, Robert A_rro1oandJohn
Ramirez.
But, MAPA voted an open endorsement for the 3oth Assembly
position. President ~omas Nunez
said an open endorsement allows
MAP A members to W\lrk for the
candidate of their choice.
1
vival among supposedly intelligent professors, the administration's plans of elimi nating cultural studies programs, the undermining of minority teachers
in non-ethnic studies departments (see Barrios story), and
the hatchet administration of
Volpp and Baxter.
We encourage students, teachers, community people, and
any_one else in whatever shape
o~~ form to. attend our meetings
in the Stud·ent. Union Mondays
at 11:00 a.IT). Come and find
out what it's au about!. ·
In that state legislature race,
Julio Calderon, a former Fresno
television station i:_eporter, is .
opposed by Bruce Bronzan, Jim
Costa, Qctavia Dierner, andRlck
Jensen.
Kimber, publisher of the minority oriented California Advocate in Fresno, seeks Supervisor '
Post No. 1, vacated by Super-
visor Jon Ventura's decision not
to seek re-election.
Incumbent Municipal Court
Judges Al Villa and Hugh Goodwin were endorsed for re-elec-tion to the bench.
Other MAPA endorsements:
Tony Cuello for the lith Congressional District.
Incumbent Richard Lehmanfor
the 31st Assembly District.
Incumbent Hal McKinney for
Fresno County Sheriff.
Anthony Capozzi for District
Attorney.
John Kazer for Public Administrator.
Robert Arroyo for Fresno
County schools superintendent.
John Ramirez for county clerk.
MAPA refused to give endorsements in three other races: the
17th Congressional District, the
30th Assembly District, Supervisors Post No. 4, and the Assessor's Office.
~
Deaf .Ch .icano student wins
college presidencv
The program is looking for
junior and senior students as
they begin their course work in
the School of Education. Those
selected for the program should
have some"' experience w-orking
with migrant children or have
been migrant children themselves. They must also be bilingual and have a grade point
average of 2.5 or better.
Application deadline for next
year's program is April 21.
Persons interested in the program can get more information
in Ed-Psych 153, ext. 2067.
HET
monies must submit their applications by April 21. Applications are available in the La
Raza Studies Office, EOP Office
and the Tutorial Center.
For more information contact
Ernesto Martinez at 487-2428,
Tony Garduque at 487-1020 or
Manuel Olgin at 487-2924.
Coalitio·n: 'fast-food
-education'
ready
for Mini-Corps
wish to take p1.rt 1n the cere-
The newly elected studerit boj}'
president at Ohlone College is
a deaf man who hooos to be
preside[).t _o! the United States
some day.
Roa Martinez, 23, desp~te his
deafness, became tascinatedwHh
politics and '1m.s elected class
president at a private d1~a.f scho::>!
and public high schonl befm.-e
entering Ohlone.
"I am trying to ;,ho'N 1'?af
students they can -a.chieve w:iat
they wls~," said JJartinez.. "My
go:11 is to become the first dea!
president of the United States."
At Ohlone: a community co!lege
w!th 9,000 students,
Martinez hel~d organize a student political party that elected four o! the five winners in
the student governmen~ election.
The p-a.rty promised to liberalize· a college grading policy s-:>
that students can drop cours~s
later in the quarter wnen they
think they are failing.
Martinez speaks by s~gn ~nguage.
''I can lip read well enoagh
to carry on the normal pi:-esident's duties" s:iid Martinez. "I
only need an interpreter for large
meetings .."
Before he runs for president
Martinez plans ·to become a
teacher at the college in eco ••
nomics and become a lawyer.
hotli~e seeks Spanish speakers
The Fresno based HET (Help
in Emotional Trouble) hotline
is seeking Spanish-speaktng vol- unteers to train for telephone
counseling and referral service.
Bobbe Heizman, HET staff
member, the no11-profit o:rga.nization is looking for volunteers
with fluency in Spanish to
help in assisting non-English
ap::'3.:cing callers they receive •.
If enough volunteers are interested, a Spanish-speaking only
hotline wm · then be op:med for
the com1mmity.
"We w~nt p,~op1e who generally care aoo-ut ~o_¥>Ie and have
a feeling about people," s:1id
Heizman.
She estimates that HET gets
an average or 10-15 non-English
speaking callers per mouth and
they must refer them to other
source•; oecause they do not have
vo~un~ears who can communicate
with them.
Heizman is optimistic abo·Jt
opening a hotline for Spanishspeaking mem':>ers of the com-
munity slnce she sees a need .
for such a hotline. She for-
sees people becoming involved
in this hotline.
''We have a large po:.·tionofo·a r
community who speak only Spanish. Why should they not be
included in services we offer
the English-speaking po,_J1lation," said Heizma..1.
''We ·are all human beinis
and we .all have crises at one
time rn.· '.l,1oiher.''
Heizman speculates that a minimum of s~ven Spanish-speaktng
volunteers are needed to ::>pen
the Sp.:i.nish hotun,~.
Ten to
fifteen volunteers are needad to
keap the hotline open on a regular basis, she said.
Curl·~ntly, a few CSUF stud·ants are working with HET as
volunteers
to
aid tM-m
be ·
fore they actually work !n their
profession.
"We have studen4s fro,n ma jors sach as therapeutic recreation, so,::lal w?.lfare, p.sychology
and the communications, although
we accept students from any
area," said Heizman.
She als:) is optimistic that many
WfJmen will respond to the nead
for more vo1un~eers.
"We as women are expo.sad
to the emotional element more
of.ten.
Tbe W')ma.n needs the
kln:1 of ·op;mtunity to •?mo~iona.Uy
express herself. She needs the
type of recra:.iti.Jn ·outside the
home bat is meaningful to her.
It increasqs tha·. i• (;a-pac1ty as a
human belng, a woman an1 a
mother," saU HE:,iZman.
Accordlng to Heizman, interested perso::is will be sent an
application form and if returned,
that person will meet with the
experienced volun~eers and counselors. A decision wm then be
mad~ as to 11hether they w0re
accepi~d into the train.~nz program"
The training s-3ssions are
und,~rgoing changes right nQWi
but Heizman says one complete
training session should lastfrom
four to six wneks. In this ses sion, volunteers w-al meet once
a week for tw,., r1ours w!1ere they
w.l.ll learn counseling sktlls .. In
addition, they wm also attend
a four-hour shift with onr. ·J f the ,
experienced volunteers. . They
wm then become familiar wHh
emergency proo.::~dures , referr3.l
service calls, etc.
After the initial training, vo!unfeers will then work oae fourho·J r shift p~r week.
Heizman anticipates an in"<;reas~ in calls to the Spanish
hotline o.:ice it is in fm.•ce.
'' But it is g-J:ng to ta.'~co time.
We have to try and understand
enm.1gh abo1it the Mexican-Amer•
ican co,nmunity and what wm
make them ,::all, s!le s:iid.
HET is a 24-hour COll~idfl!ll:i.al
telephone co"Jn'>elingan:l referral
s~rvlce,
They handle · calls
concerning:
drugs, child
abuse, d-apt"•?ssion, suicide, legal
referral, welfare, bas1c needs,
interpersonal confiiets, personal
problems, sexuality, and mect1 cal, . alm1g wHh request !or information and any problems the
caller may have.
"We are trained to jo more
listening than talktng,'' said
Heizman,
For more information about
volunteer work for the HET hotlin'3, call 485-1132.
.
Page 4
LA VOZ de AZ f L.-L'i
Ma:~h 29, 1978
Native American Group Seeks
Peace, Unify & Harmony
cont1neni. ln a que~t ~or pt1,1ce,
union and harmony,
one 0f the groups l:iaders,
who calls hims~lf Coyo'·.e • .3aid
of the g_!OUJ:>.'S efforts,
"rWe
are traveling for the purpose
of trying to break down the stereotypes oi
Indians are. We
got locker! into the John Wayne
sterl:'otypeo
"We, a:, <'•. gr. ,up, ~,~:- I': l 3 a
reminder that we are stm a
large group of people that. don't
·,,ave z voice" We are trying
to reach a lot of p:?op1.e nor
just ip the United States, but
all of North Amer~ca," s?id
what
::oJ"r· ~J4
The soft-spoken Native American sai'.f his group attempt~
to show people there ar~ still
many Indians in mountains and
villages, and they have the righ~s
co remaln Indians1nstaad or ass:;,;..
Sign ups
milating- ' i1f;1 :he dJm.mr.1.: <;ociety's culture.
"We are trying to tell Indians
to keep their culture and not to
assimilate into the dominant so~!P-t,i. Th~ :ns :.; t.1.1tlonaHzecJ ,311ucation ts trying to erase the
Indian c;1iJ 'fren's cultur9. That
is where it all starts," Coyote
said.
According to Coyote., the stan.
dards for social acct~ptc1a-:11 1re
· too higti anri it is like :iee:Jing
childre:i into n ;ne,u: irinder.
"One alterna.Hv3 to the current
educational system would be tO
have more commw17ty contr:·,ls
in the schools,' 1 he said.
"What is going to hap~11 -.vh:ln
we .1r•~ au assi milated? You
can't fail at living. Yl)U fall
at llving up to somebody else's
standards." Coyt,te said.
Students . Plan
For
.Spring
A Dance contest will be the
featured event ~i the disco dance
sponsored by National Chicano
Health organization (NCHO). ·
Prizes for the dance, scheduled for Friday, Mar. 31, wlll
include dinner for two at Dos
Amigos in Mission V1llage, and
some free tequila for the· runners-up.
The dance will be held in the
Up's tairs Cafeteria at CSUF •
from 9:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.
A $I.5o donation is requested
at the door.
EOP
Day
4
EOP
I n tr a m u r a Is
All EOP students interested
in intramural Spring softball can
sign up now at the EOP office.
There will be men, women and
co-ed competition. ' The deadline for signups is Aprll 3rdo
Everyone is encouraged to participate.
There will be meetings every
Thursday at 3:30 in the EOP
office, Joyal Administration building for EOP students interested in organizing the 3rd annual EOP Spring Day.
. Spring Day is a multi-ethnic
event and all ethnic organizations are encouraged to parti•
cipate. The event is scheduled
for Friday April 28 at 10:00
a.m. to 5;00 p.m. at O'Ne111
park. There will be free lunch,
games, music and prizes.
Eco-nomic Pressures Force· Boarder Crossing
c arlo.w Guzman -sta:ff contributor
"The Wetback ls : l hungry human
being. His need ,JI f oo:l and clothing
ts immediate and pressing. · He is a
fugitive· and lt is as a fugitive fhat
he lives.. Under the c011stant threat
of apprehension and dc!portation, he canD'Jt p:-otest ot appeal no matter how
unjust he is treated, Law operates
against him but not for him. Thos~
w!10 capitaliza on the legal · disability
of the wetbacks are n-1merous and their
d1?vices are many and various. (Presid'3n~'s Commlssiont 1951:78)
This report by the President's Co.nmis-
s1011 stlll hoii<; :rue today, ani;J as loug
as. Mexico's economic problems coatintte
and as long as the United States appears to ~ the · "promise Jami,'' there
wm contin,1e to be a problem w;.th und,)cumented workers ..
What is it that makes a man leave
his family and come into the United
states and become a ~' crlmlnal" by
crm1iing Uw oo·rder i1Je(PU~·Peritp!ls
crossing the border illegally? Permps
if society completely understood -~11.1.t
motlvates und•J•~umen~ed wo.:kers to 1·:sk
their well-being by cornil}g to thG United
States, then perhaps there W'>ald ':>e measures taken to cure the problem nther
tha.1 to take measures which a.re only
to combat the symp·~oms of the pro~lem.
The problem is one of economic d,~speratlon. This is w!,y ha wlll pay a "coyote"
from $200 to $300 to '!:>e taken Into t?e
American border. This ls why he will
Uve in ~row.\ed and unsanUary_ho·asing
co.nditlo,1S. This ls why he wlll wor~
long back hreaktng hours !Jnder t_he hot
sun and other untolerable conditions.
It should be remembered that W9 are
dealing with real peo~le who are tak:1ng
the only coarse o! action which appa..ars
to give them the on!y sign of hope.
Approximately 60 percent o! all undocumen~ed work~rs in the UnitedStates
come from Mexico. The majority oi
these wo:.rkers have many things in"!ommon. They are mostly younl males
just over the age o! 2·1 years, they have
had less than five years o1 schooling,
they come mostly from rural areas, .
and they are unsk.illed wirkers., M0:1t
undocumented workers have · only don~
agricultural work In Mexico, before they
came to the United States.
As on9 undocumented worker put it,
"If I could get a gooj job in my towri,
I W'>Uld ~1ot come to the Unlted States
looking for a jo:.J." This statemen~
clearly states that the reasonforcoming
to the U.S. ls m~tivated by economic
pressures. These undocumented workers need to increa.:,:~ theirfamllyinf!ome
becaus-e w!.iat they make is not en<Jugh
to llve on, Although unemphyment is
high in Mexico, the eeo,1omic situation
is w-1:rs:mP.d by th~ lack o~ good ;xtying
jobs. This, plus the steady risa in
the inflation rate s1nce B71, has moi:1vated Mexicans !o seek jobs in the United States.
Undocumented workers
are aw-:ire of the.dlngers i)f ma~i!lg the
trip, or o! being caught by the Immigration and ~aturalizatim1 Service.
However, thes9 workers are als-:>
a w:,.re that in 0.19 to three months o!
W'Jrk tn the United States they can make
mo:e moJey than they w":ud in one year's
time in their home tmvr1.
The majo:..·1ty o! undo~umente.d .workers m1ly come to the UU:ted States for
short -perfojs of time, and very
few of
them ever considar imm!gratin5 to the
United States legally. Most ot thew.,:rkers return to Mexico alter .their seasonal job3 are over, w;ien they have maje
the ammmt o! mo11ey which they e
the amoJnt o~ money w!rlch they ware
hopmg to make, 01• when their desire
to see their ramlly overcomes them.
According to a Massachusetts Jnstitute o! Technology study dm1e by Wayn~
Crnelius, 58 p.~rcent or undocume~ted
workers are in the United States fo,: 10ur
i).t" less mo,lths.
Of all the wrxrkers
w!iich Cornelius interview~'1 only 11 perc~nt stayed 1n the Untted States lon~r
than one year before they returned ~o
Mexico..
The und,,cum':\nted wo~kers
see the big difference$ in w::-lges between
jobs in the United States a,1:f Mexico
a.11 this also draws more woTk~rs to
the UnUed Sfate.s. When the Peso lost
almost half its value, thus :Jarning more
buying l)')'Nf.lr for the dollar, there was
an ~bviou.s increase of umlocumented
w•,:..·kers who •~tossed ~he border.
Undocumented 'W''J:..•kers are looking for
jobs ~inr:l the United States is in eo11Sfant
demand 'fo:r cheap labor, so til3S9 two
facfoi:s are the d:..rect cause of the undJcumented worker p::oblem.~ Unfortunately, s!nce these workers :1re here
illegally ·they are the workers who receive the lowfJst w:1.ges, usually have
the w:Jrst working conditioils, have bad
housing, an:t worse they suffer from
dls~rimlnatioa and cheating from no·;
m1ly Anglos but also Mexican-Americans
a'.nf.1 Chicano.s .
Undo~mented W:lrkers w!10 make
regular trlp,.:; to the United States tend
to return to the same jobs, so after
a time they become reliable w·:,.rkers
and since growers J)'lyther:n low--:;rw1ges,
the und,Jcumented worker has become
a very fa vo.ra.ble group o! wurkers for
growers WiIJ need tield W1Jrkers, Even
during the Bracero Program, some
workers preferred to be here illegaUy
because If you wore a bracero you •~re
co:lfln~d to o,1e employer or job. If
you were not a brieero you could go
from one job to another. It is believed that the tomato ~rop o! 1951 r-.s .
pl.eked by equal J)'lrts of braceros and
undoeumen~ed workers, and a small inrt
of mostly d•.)mestic families., In order
to hopefully put an end to the hiring
o~ undoe·umP.nted wr:Jrkers, the U.s. anti
Mexico passed. in 1949 Public Law 78
at Sectioa 501; which states, "no work- .
ers shall be avalJable''-to 1ny empfo:,er
"wl10 bas in him 9 mp!oy • • • any
Mexican Alien • • • not Ia wfully in the
United states.'' Thes~ and_ l)_ther .Jaws
:lid not prJt an end to the h1rmg 01. un-
rtncumented workers,
.
. Under heavy pressure from u.rgamzad
labor; the braeero program was end-ad
in 1964. After this date, the number
of undocumented workers increased
greatly. The Bracero pro~m sl~ply
went u,n,i,~rgro·and. Ho·N0ve~, 1t is ln-eresting to note that the ma10:rity .of the
o!d~r undo•~um~nted W'.>rkers first come
to the UeS. und~!r the Bracero Program.
The United states benefits in three ways.,
First jobs are created ':o apprehen1,
care fo:.·, and ·axpt)l undo~umented W,'.Jrk-
er;;, secon,1. undocumented workers
spen:t a lot o! their mo.1~~ in the Un~ted
States before goin.s bac.\C to Mextco,
and third. unjo•;Jmented wo~·kers fill
the need }o::- cheap labor. Mexico also
benefits from uudo·,:mmented wo:rkers beC3.US8 the mo.1ey witlch is 1>ent or ta.lcen
back to Me:<lco helps Mexico's stagger-
in economy.
.
Since M~xico :.1eed, sco:aomic rehef
.ror their unemployedanj 1·1eirumt~remployed and since the United sta-~es
ha:3 a Ja:rga deman1 tor cheap labor
be the answu. How~ver revislou.i; should
be maje to benefit the wo:kers, Mexico,
and the United States.
March 2~, 1978
Page 5
The Heart of
Sa ntana Sound ..
Peraza,
Rekow
Escov-e do,
By Felix Contreras .
Since the days wl)en it was
a Mission Dtstrict street b;.-:d,
were bought
Sjxl~tsh.
by the Fren,~h
"We're talcing a basic Latin
r•1ythm," Pete explains, "and
''We (Cubans) p:tay some drums expan-:linz it to w!1erc it bec Jmes . •
that the Afrlca.ns people d•m't very wlde ·in range, in that the
play anymo4,·e. A lot of. the arran~ments get very interesttribes a:;.•a disappearing, and the ing, iMtead o1 a typfo-1: da.1ce
culture ls d!sappea.ring....We are tune. Like a .i1m::e thing wh:?re
the only Latin Americaa eountry all of a sud,l3n you're into Us ·
that repres~.at ,~b.e African cul- tenin~. The dmce elament is still
ture from way back.. ..
there, but. you're mere inclined
Discm,smg the art of praying
''The Cuban infiuene.e 1s al- to listen."
conza.
s, Peraza explains, "Peo W'.?.ys there, ineludlng in the di.sco
Raul Rekow comes from •yet
pie misunrfors~n•l, they thinko! today, yoa ha re a Cuban in••
fluence. The dis::,, i_.1 :>etween another generation o! pt1reuss ..
boom,_; boom, hoom, bonm-- it's
iouists~ and his beginnings sho'N easy. It's not that easy. It's
the samba, and variou.s Caribit.
bean Is'laald:;, but ls to:hy called
"I got started after seeinz very difficuP to m.1:~t-3 r the indlsco.,''·
Santana for the first time, in :,trumcnt." To master the con&-1,
it takes :it le:rst 10 1ears o!
Pete Escovedo, a 0 s.aconr:l gen• s
eration" nercussio11ist, burst 1969, at the Cow Palace m an
dedication to the d.~um, he s:iys "
Y"
Francisco.. It more or less lnEven thoagh he's been ?h.fl.ili
into the spotlight of. the San . spir 9 d me to .s tart p:1.a.ying con:i.lmo:~;_ 1.:J. his life, Peraza, along
Frandsco Latino musi;! .:;cau~
,,
while in Azteca. A band he gas.
with the othN'3, ~in:t : ;t ha:t d b
and his ' brother Coke (himself
From there, he did a stint mcpiain why they p:1.ay percussion,
. a top-notch timbalero) put to•- in an all-Philipin•J oa&1d thatSa.i,}3ekmv'. "It's very infectious,
tana so:i.1gs note rm.· note called, .
gethe.r after years of playing w!ia.t els~, So·al Sa~rificc (later When ym.1 hear the co,1ga, it
in various San Fra.n~tseo ~lub
changed to Daklla). It ~s durmakes 1ou w-1nt to :los-::nnethingbands., After tw.:-i w~ll receivetl ing a club date with Daklla that
it makes ym1 w-mt to inrty, it •
,Llbums, and a lot of touring,
.
d
makes yoa - want to drm"!e, it
-Azteca dlsband~d, and Pete went Rekow~ 1" 7~5 appr?acne 1JY memmakes you . wm1t to plaJ.
It
0~1 to become a very in-demand
bers oi. Malo to J_oln them.
aL;:, 1.n::-.~es you want to l~arn.
studio percussiouistandvo,~alist. Arter S'.)me time w!th Malo,
Last spring, Escovedo r~Rek•Jw ;)?..rted comzni1yw!th Malo,
le~ed an album wtth yet another amt ·3n1ed up playin-5fordifferent
club ban-is in San Franeiseo and .
Es:.!oved-.:i, h(3 eonga-p!aying 21
year o~d d1ughi:er, Sheila, The
do1ng "a lot of different things"
album, "Sofo Two", was proup until a year and a half ago
d,1eed ~Y jazz-great Billy Cobwhen he w:i.s app.toached -JY
ham. It included musical diCarlos Santa11a to joln the ba11drections slmll,ar to those of Azthe very band that inspired tum
teca, and show.;?.sed the Escoto p1a.y in the first place.
vedos at what they do best- pun
~onga y timtial, but with a twist.
and
1
the heart o! the Santana s:)uud
bas always been the rhythm, 3.&'ld
the dr-;1ms tm.t make that rhythm.
It has become legenr.L'lry - , the
percussion sectio&1 P'Jmpini o·Jt
a driving beat fo-r C3.rlos' st:o:rch~
ing guitar work.
Sant.a112. .i:mtshed their latest
U~S. to·ar to a ca.paeity crowd
at Fresno's Sellad Arena. 'RidinR"
toe cr'.>st of popularity
or
their
latest album, "Moonfimver", the
current band has been hailed by
many as the best ·Santana band
ever;
· For this ba..'ld, Carlos Santana.
p!cked probably the stro,1gest
percussion trio' that can_exist
in one band: Arinando Peraza,
respected '.>y many musicians
as a master of the conga drum;
Pete Eseovedo, on timbales> ·a
25-year veterano o:r Latino mu1;tc
in the bay area; an-'i Raul Reko·w,
ou c-:o:.1ga:.i; a uyoungster" at.the
age or 23,. yet pulling his wG·1ght
in sa.ch a strong percussion
ensemble.
Armando Peraza came to the
, United States in 1949 (w-:-,en ne
was Hin ~s 20's) from his native
Hav-~.:n, Cuba.. Durl~g the span
of his caraer, he had played with
many
jazz greats:
Stan
Kenton, Diziy Gillespie, Ju,dy
Garland, Carlos Fedei·l co, Cal
Tjader, the Ust go~s on(his ftrst
recm.•ding date in the U oS. W".-,
wUh fa1m:l -~.l.,:J r,upiayer Charlie Parker!)
P13ra,v1, along with other Cuban
•~oi1ga greats like Mongo Santamaria, Pata.to, and Francisco
Aguabella, began to reinforce a
Cuban infiuen-::e in American
music that, he says, "has alw:,.ys
been, and still is, here,
"To±1y, people are not wHling.
to recogn.1ze the eohtributions of
the Cuban musl.::ian in :parts of
the world. In the United States,
the Cuban m:is:ic1an has a great
innuence into A.nierican jazz,
fro:n the time o! Dlxi.eland to
the Pl:'asent time ••• "
Peraza illustrates his point
by tracing the Jnth o! captured
Africans, from Africa to the
UnUed States 1 an.j ::he sto,;>s at
different Caribbean Islands, in-clud-:.ng Cuba, where Africans
learn mo:t e about the ct.·um a.-\(1
the rhythms that come f r-:nn that
drum. That's w!iat it d:>es to .
me ••• It's something very myI can't pinpoint il .. I
don't k.'low what it is, but it
is."
Escoved:J: "Y 011 get to lo·ve it,
and it's all you want to do.. It
gets to the p0int where you've
been dolng it for so ma,17 years,
stical.
yoJ do!l'g
you don't ~.nt to turn back. You
just w:,.nt to ::Ceep golnJ at it
stronger."
Peraz~:
side, that
"It's something inyou
love.
Yo:i
can't
ex-pl:lin this to noJOdy. It's a
feelinJ that o:..1ly a conga player
Wl<lersta.nds! Nnhntfv ~·; c"'"
LA
voz de AZ ru:{
Dominguez , Durazo
Gal·l ardo , Martinez
Ramirez
I
.Verdugo
On The Bank
Hombre
I was in Egypt
hidden by what I imagined reeds.
We sailed leaves, or w•ood--anything
and saw the world below us.
We were masters of war there;
d~stroying island camps,
sinking ships before they got
away,
changing the land.
Each time we sat on the l?ank
we w~re killers.
Matting the reeds dampening our
pants.
Sometimes waiting for mountains of brown foam
to bomb until they mixed with
the water aga.iii.
Hands
A hand never wears out
never sows a p.J•~ket
never searches or makes speeches
never p,mehes a typewriter ' or faee
or gropes for breases or balls
or plays tens:e games with its brother
but it's to blame.
I know without hands nothing could move
but they are as useless as tongues
always letting slip facts, always making
sisters hold tight to laundry jobs
or s11pptng holds on grandmothers
sunk df'~P in a vat of autumn leaves.
Hands are always hungry,
begging for food, bringing wilole families'
to yo'Jr daorstep
with huge saddles 011 (heir backs.
Don't depend on hands
they're unlucky at dice, they make federal buildings
w::lte dates draw convers:1tio,1S Interrupt conversations
They're delicate
when the situatio~1
calls for delicacy, like when
they tug your hair
to remf.nd you of the times J::>U've fallen short.
This is why people beat their hands
using each other. This is w!1y •..
But they're not to bla.mP., after all
my whole life began wtth a hand.
They delivered me like a package, knew my father
kne·w my mother,
lrn.ew I.he loud-mouths they'd become
s;,olling everything
spouting disgraceful chairs and beds
backed Yi.th meaning.
So whip them, W!l1P them a.U,
•ca.use even If yoa wanted
you can neve:r g~t rid of hands.
They never give back
w!iat they stole
to begin with.
--Mike Dominguez
Wa~iu
barrio of
the mind,
wr10 sleeps
1n slea.zy
cities
with
lights :in:l
neon signs,
your
s
d
e
W?.lks ::oncreted,
and Jlayground-,
tarred wUh
Red;;, Heroin,
and Liquo~,
your sleep
is dangerous,
Remember
Vin~ente Gutierrez
and
.Danny Trevino,
they w~re easy
to -bhme,
Remember how 8.£ the
coo,~arts :ind
muslc
jams,
all yol wmit
to do
ls to trip
an1
get
fuckM up,
Wacha,
look at
colores,
-blues
in
all
snades and
shapes,
then
•~omp-are
them to
violets ·
purples,
a.nj r.i1ack;,
then ~hey
wm trun
to yellow~
orange, and
gold,
like the
co~or o!
light,
oI spn. ..'!?,
of time,
o! on~,
ESCUCHA
THE
RF.VO LUCION
NEEDS YOUo
1
Victor Martinez
--Rudy G3J.lard1)
Page 7
LA VOZ de AZTLAN
Grapefie/d as aChi/d
No not
Great clouds wired to the ground
conier and tremble
when a boy, loaded with water, passes
puling his feet qui.czy from the smolda;cig earth
His family has sent him the youngest
for the ga!Jon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap.
The brown skin blotches with the dust
His father, who is grey, has spotted him b'Jt keeps working,
But what about that week thougn,
tt was of course not real ~~ DO! real things
nor real love
nor real flesh
nor hair, nor highways
nor breath.
And there arf:! people now, everywhere,
bobing in and out of the l~aves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
It was of course a world which can only exist
when it does
and not when one wants 1t to .
Ben Durazo
✓
.
.
.
l·.i
".·,
ti~e, no not flesh
.
.
It encircles one
and one cannot cause to be encircled by it.
One steps into it, carried on that line:
That fat flying windowed line
from which we vtew but don't see
and wa-:Ce up after traveling on it
never in it
in a different world where hjghways
are stretched on superstructures
o!trees
and lawns are thick and green
and tall,
swayi.,1g in the light brec z.3
which c~!Ties the sun to one's face
and the heart rests on a clump
and when rais,J:j sees tae sun
touching t.he supe.rstruct-1re
ln the distance,
whe.ra tile plllars hoM it up,
whe-i·e the ~~turtow!5 are .on i1e:· st1-:>:1Mers
ud both of you
are foe re i111der t; 1-1 :1 ;,:i .>n_;
neld up IJy !he brown trees.
Then it's all gone ·
after you board that line
and are carried by 1.t
from windows
ov2r ;lhl'~5 '.)r .·r::.t? clouds
to be encircled by another time
which ls nof. real time
no~· real heat
nor re.a.I dust
nqr real fl,esh charred by napalm
or stabbed by silver bayonets or imp~led
on rusty barbed wire
and left to rot in the monsoon till
worms :.i.r<! where green traCldf rounds
came from
and a loud, soul releasing cry
hung in the air
when mo.ning revaaled
the blow11 il:~ l es
the scatt:?re.j, ruptured sandbags
of the earth
which through it all
left you ai.lve to hear
the cry
. to watch it float
with the sun
and the va-p·) rizing molsture
of non-real time
and non-real plac<~
and non-real fiesh.
George Verdugo
Abuelo
Now I see nothing,
there ls no one who has.
A few Words By Someone Who Has Tried Everything
Because now as trees .slowly age,
and It s~ems like ,hey mw~r 11e-.,
he sf.ts, his body ,-;;Jaking as lf nerves try
to le:1p !l.·•::>m his bod'!.
He sits in the same chair;
Still it rises, burns.
Still windshields carry 1t across the ground
And now,
the pain of looking into it
stops it in the mQrning. ,
ln the same pla.::e.
· Jobnny p1.ays outside,
Abuelo stares watching,
he rememoors h1s lost youth time has stolen,
He tells me, "I could Wl)tk all day in my
youth, there were no limits, never".
He wants to plaJ.
The hum of the house, clocks ticking _
the refrigerator: the ho'JSe w-ithered like
himself
At forty he checked for Wl"P.lcomed wrinkles,
they came slowly.
I sit next to him.
I hoH his tremb~ing lwld1
he tells me it won't stop
1 squeeze,
Still it rises,
smaller in the waste of houra,
still the dead leaves carry it with them
to the ground,
still my shoe
with the taste of stone,
of granl,
of the melted tar on cracked streets,
of water,
of the guts of worms,
of leaves returning to the rust of roots,
presses shadows to the ground
when it burns,
,,,anq cars pus with the children of the •un
seething in their eyes
like mad demons in the morning.
it stops~
Inside I feel hls la.st nerve squirming,
there is no feeling, no pain.
ms face ugs, a~
George Verdugo
sh'Wly he says,
"no para".
I say nothing.
Pedro Ramirez
p :1 oto h\' Carlos 1; 11zman
, Lite is movement~ movement 1s life'
P hutv hy Carlos Guzm-an
CSUF wants no chicanos ?
BY FELIX GUTIERREZ and
MARIO EVANGELISTA
(Reprinted witn p~rmissi,J.1 fFOm
1\JUEST~O m:..!,!azine.)
F
ranelsco G. Barrio prooo:.1Iy
won't be teaching at California's
Fresno State University next
fall. That might sarp:dse those who
know !lim. Fo:- Barrio~ 4-4, has had
a long and p:o:luctive career as an
artist (one-man show:; ln his n-itive
New Mexico, Texas, Californta an'i .)ther
states) and as an art educator (teachinl in CSUF's art d8partment since
1973).
He ·na.s· :1lso worked closely
wHh art groups in the barrio :ind p:1blished .uticles in scholarly jo·Jrn'lls.
Yet despite all this, the PlLTJ has
been d,~aied tenure and given a "te·~minal year'' · co.1tract - -mea~ii.ng t_hat
the senfor p:~o!essors in Jis d·~partment feal he is -:.inquallfied for . a loug-
term teaching p0sition.
Like a. n:.imber of other Chicano university p·:ofes5ors, Barrio learned :he
hard W:iY that getting a d,)ctorate an.1
3. faculty position ire only s:eppingstones lead~nz to the r0.3.l hurdle: earning a loni-term job on a university
faculty.
This is because most pro~ess'J.l'S are
usually h1re1, at first, on probatio.:iary or "tenure track" contracts, generally for fo'Jr to six years. Tow::i.rd
the end o! this period_, they are evaluated by the o~der me mhers ~! the faculty.
If their record ls cmvinzing, they are
granted tenure, a "perm::inent" teaching
contract to retirement. If not, they
meet Fran~is~o Barrio's fate --termination.
And ln ~he tenure game, the card;
seem stack~d against Latinos.
Indeed, says Barrio, the U.S. educattond system is "racist as :3. given
fact'' Strong words, but they are
amp~y buttress-ad by the axperiences o:
other Chican·o ;)ro!essors in California during the I)1St few years.
"We have pm1etrated the iligher ed1catio.:1 establishment, but the question
is w~1ether or not we will sarvive,"
says Arturo Madrid, Chairman of the
Natio.ul Council m.1 Chicano High Educatio.1 (NCCHE).
To prove his J)'Jlnt, he ticks off the
names o: six Chic:1110 r,:~holars who !ailed
to get tenure at University of califor nia camp1ses in the Jnst three years.
Madrid . who was himself d,~nied tenure
at UC San Diego before being named
chairman of the deinrtm~nt of Spanish
and Portuguese at the University of
Minnesota, · p::edlcts more fights for
tenure in the near future --and w!th
go•.:>d .reaipn..
enured faculty o!ten coatrol univer sity po1icles, hiring d,~clsions, pro mo·~ions, an1 curriculum. Denying Chicano faculty meml.>P.rs tenure thus e.x:(Please turn to pg. 2)
T
Francisco Barrio
.B.A WG,_
···••&••
.Chicano .Film Nominated
Stu dents demonstrate in front of
Fresno City Holl
In tbe midst of an era· wt1ere
Hollyw1,od films do not tm1ch
Chicano themes comes a Chicano film which has received an
Oscar nomination •.
"Agueda Martinez: our People,
our CO'Jntry," has been nominated for an Oscar award 1n the
Short Subject category. The
film tells the story of an 80year-old curandera, Agueda
Martinez, who lives on a small
farm ln New Mexico.
Producar Moctesuma Esparza
and director Esperanza Vasquez
state that out of the strength
and endurance of sra. Martinez,
~ domlna."lt theme a·merges, That
or the relationship between a
person and his/her environment.
Sra., Martinez rejects TV and
uses :3. WfJOd-burning stove. Her
land · provides everything she
needs such as food, clothing,
and shelter (her housa is made
of earth).
, In one of Sra. Martinez's
concluding lines she says,(Engl-
ish translation), "Th.~ Earth is
the only thinz that gives life and
when one goes oo.ck to it, it eats
you up,"
tesu:n~ Espa.n a Produ-~Uons> a
Chicano !Um company formed
in 1974.
Esparza and Vasquez have
previo:isly pcoducecl a f1~m too-e-
ther shortly after they met in
1970. The film w.:.s '' Requiem
2:l", a film ::i.'.10ut the terror of
the riot that resulted in the
Continued on Page 2
Epidemic Of Violence
'
Agueda Martinez was exhibited
at Filmex last stprig on a bill
with Les Blank's "Chulas Frm1teras'', a 60-minute documentary
about Tex-Mex (Texas-Mexlcan
or ranchera) music.
The Iilm fs p:::-odr1eed by Mo7-
.
MALDEF takes the cas_e to Attorney Genera I
\
The Mexican American Legal Defense
Education Fund (MA..LDEF) stepped up
its efforts recently when MALDEF's
president and general counsel, Vilma
Martinez, wrote to US Attorney General
Griffen Sa U d1~maniin6 that the federal
government become active in balting
Chicano genocide.
But MALDEF spokespersons are not
particularly encouraged by the response
it received.
''The Justice Department's response
brought home to us how the government is not going to go m1t 011 a Umb
for this," Elizabeth Benedict of MALDEF
told LA VOZ Moaday.
Martinez, who ls also a University
of California regent, told Bell that "o1ficfa.l violence against Chi.2nos had
reached epidemic proportions in the
Southwest."
"We - stated that this violence was
a severe, wldespread ••. and highly
emo~onal phenomenen/' the Chic;im.
atto:.·ney told Bell.
''The situation has no easy solutions.
It's a problem of incredible racism,''
she said. "Even if the justice d9JE,rtment takes a stand to help us, it's still
a huge, huge problem. Lo:>k ho·w long
it's taking equality to come aro·undsince
the civil rights movement began."
Benedict said although the Justice Department knew about som~ of the cases,
MALDEF's request has prompted the
federal government to begin viewing
other cases p:evim1sly unk.nov.a to the
department.
She s1.ld altho·agh the Justice Departm~nt, in a few extreme cases, has become tnvo1ved through th~ FBI _or federal prosecutio.as, a more systematic
federal response must dea-1 wtth "the
, current outbreak or vio1ence oy tnose
"Who are charged to ~nforce the law.''
MALDEF. sent to Bell documentation
giving "bare bone details of 30 incldents of official brutality" and is investigating another 40 cases.
The MALDEF letter s~nt to Griffen
rep'J:.."ts that in the last two years, ,
16 Chicanos were killed and many more
beaten or s~verely wo·Jnded by law officers in California, New Mexico, Colo- ,
rado, and Texas.
'' This violence refiects widespread
Ia w o!ficer mentality that equates a
gun and 1 badge with being the local
embodiment oI the supr~me authority
or the law," Martinez states,
''In many of these cases, the state
judicfa.I system h'ls proved 1mcm1cernea
or inadequate to punish the per~trators
of violence. The quality oi response
by local prosecutors, judges and jurors
in many cases reflects the rampant
p:rejud.lce against Mexican Americans in
many parts of the Southwest."
MALDEF cites one case in w!lich
. an Dakland, Califo:rn.~.a man was stopped
amt searched in connection with a stolen
car investigation. He was forced into
a "spread-eagle'' p'lsition and a cocked •
gun wts held at his head. The search
ended when the ~W·:>ffic9rshotandkilled
the man. The officer violated all or
the ·., C>akland Police Department pro cedires for such a search. According to MA.LDEF's sources, the possibility of p'JliCc co·~er-up ~s under investigation
In another case in Denver, Colorado,
two private citizans -- one Mexican
American, the other An 6lo- - "exchanged
w·:>rds'' while JX}.ssing m1 the street.
The white man returned to his house,
bro-Jght out a gun a.nd shot and killed
the Chicano. The Police Deinrtment
allegedly melted the shotgun used for
the m11rder and, because the shotgun
was the main piece of evid·:mce, further
charges were drop,ed..
ln her letter to the Attorney General,
Ms. Ma:tinez urges him to view these
tw·, cases, and the additional 28 that
MAL.JEF dtJo~uments, n'Jt s:i.mp~.y as isolated incld~nts o! vio1ence ·out as an
"epidemic · of violence and hatred dir~cted against Mexican Americans, a
mtional minority w!to are --in many
of the communities where they are terrorized-- a dts-anfra.nc~sed majority."
· Martinez recommends that the Justice
De~rtment commit its~lf not only to
halting this wave of vioience but, to
developing an over-all c3.mpaign. w!lich
would "a1dress the und2rlying problem
revealed by these incidents."
Martinez asks for more numerous
Investigatioas · by the FBI, for federal
prosec:.1ttons and, mo::a generally, for
the moral leadership or the AtJorney
General and his staff.
Students and other concerned individuals are enco-Jraged to write Bell and
their congressmen ~sklng for a strong
an,1 real resp:>ase to MALDEFs efforts.
Mar.::b Z9, 1378
LA VOZ d9 AZTLAN
COMENTAR 10
The American
"DoubleStandard"
Dream?
WASlflNGTON (AP)--ABOUT 50 ANGRY FARMERS FORCED
THEIR WAY INTO THE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT'S MAIN
OFFICE BUILDING TODAY, ASSAULTING SEVERAL GOVERN_
MENT SECURITY GUARDS AND OCCUPYING AN INNER PATIO
BEFORE THEY WERE FORCED TO LEA VE BY FEDERAL
RIOT POLICE •••
••• SOME FIRECRACKERS WERE SET OFF BY THE FARM
ERS INSIDE THE BUILDING, CAUSING BYSTANDERS TO THINK
THEY WERE GUNSHOTS. • • THE FARMERS PUSHED THEIR
WAY THROUGH, BREAKING A DOOR AS THEY ENTERED•••
• • • ONE FARMER, NOT IDENTIFIED, WAS TAKEN INTO
TEMPORARY . CUSTODY, (A SECURITY AIDE) SAID THAT
"WE PROBABLY WON'T CHARGE, HE'S JUST A HOTHEAD." ••
.' •• WALTER EVANOFF, DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE FEDERAL
PROTECTIVE SERVICE, SAID LATER THAT THE FARMER
WOULD BE RELEASED BECAUSE 11 WE MADE A DEAL TO KEEP
THEM FROM TEARING THE BUILDING DOWN. 11 • • •
Incredible. As expected? Probably the immediate reaction
is to cringe with outrage, maybe frustration, and then finally·
bitterness at the obvious insult of the double-standard exposed
through the above national news story.
How can we help but think of the times that minoritles-dell]onstrating for justice as the U.S. farmers now do in the fight
for price par~ty--were faced with similar circumstances only
to
suffer the swift
and often merciless fist of this system's
"justice'' smash through our ranks.
About the only kind of deal we would ever be offered is ''you
stop demonstrating or we shoot on the spot.'' Notice that when
the farmers come out to make waves about what they feel is right
they are called "hotheads" and released. We're called trouble- '
makers, outside agitators, and get charged with everything in
the book. You know that if it had been us throwing _lirecricker·s~,
we would have been met with volley after volley of gunshots.
So we sound like somebody with a chip on our shoulders?
Maybe so.
We can sympathize with working persons who
just want their fair share of the deal. Mo:re power to the farmers
I
for not just sitting back and taking the short end of the stick.
But remember who denounced us for trying to wake people
up to realities and inequities (especially in the area of agricultural labor) that . existed and needed to be dealt with in our society?
Remember who labeled us "communists, etc.•• when we
marched and demonstrated • • • you can bet if we had jammed
the nation's streets with tractors we would have been jammed
into the nation's jails.
Axioms like "work within the system" become insults at
such times, expecially when the evidence of the double-standard
we have suffered from for so long blares out.
If nothing else, hopefully the farmer's current plight will
bear out the contention that civil rights and farm labor advocates
have had to use to m.ake any gains: that sometimes we must
make a lot of noise to get anywhere.
After all the shit we've endured throgh our anti-war marches .
boycotts, demonstrations, and walkouts ••• not to mention the
'
more "in-the-system'' approaches -- it is very tempting to tell
those farmers, "America--Love It or Leave rt."
But then, ••• we would be guilty of the same hypocrisy and
double-standards ••• wouldn't we?
Felix J. Contreras
Elvia Ruiz
Rudy Gallardo, Arturo Ocampo,
Pedro Ramirez, Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Stan Santos, Dianne Solis
Geor-ge Verdugo, Pedro Ramirez,
Sal Garcia
Artista
Carlos
Guzman
Photographer
Contributors
Cindy Cabrera, Maria Correa,
· Bobby Galvan, Liz Santillan, Luis Sepulveda
Ometeot 1
Spiritual Advisor
Editor
Assistant Editor
Reporters
LA VOZ DE AZTLAN is a special edition of the Daily Collegian
Mini-Corps 2nd Year
Of Helping Migrants
After a very successful first
year, CSUF's Mini•Co:rps will
be startin.; their s-econd sehool
year pro~m this fall. This
program is d,asigned to provido
direct educational service to mi-
grant children ti!lring the regular
sehool year andp:rovide the MiniCorps students with a pre-credential experience that wm be
valuable to them when they become fully credentialed bilingual
teachers ..
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Ed:1catioo
Act and is under CSUF's School
o! Education. Each Mini-Corps
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to help cover
llvin_g and educational expenses,
The program is looking for
Junior and Senio:r students as
they begin their . course w:Jrk in
the School of Education. Those
selected fo:r the program should
have some experience working
with migrant children or have
Continued from Page l
been migrant children themchanging.''
death o! The Times newsman
selves. They must J..1..rn be blEsiXi,rza potnts to other Holly- · lingual and have a grade point
Ruben Salazar.
Es;nrza said there have been W,Jod films :>eing mo'Jllted: "Am~
average oI 2.5 or better.
erican Me," "The Milagro Beanmany Hollywood entries in ''black
. A~plication deadline for next
cinema'', but they stlll have not . field War," "On the Border."
year s program is
April 211
He s:1id, "HoUywood is on the
touched Chiea.10 themes,
therefore persons interested in
"They haven't been dealt with · verge of proving or dlspro-ving
the. program an-:1 who Would like
to its~lf whether or not there is
for a variety of reason~~,'' said
more informa.tion should dro;> by
the gold mine amo;ig Latins the
Esinrza, "Mo.stly, it's a refiecour office which is located in the
same w~y there is amoung blacks.
tiou of our situation in society.
Ed-Psych Building, R~m 153 or
There are going to b~ a lot of
We're invisible;therefore, we're
call 487-2067.
films.''invisible in Hollywood, But that's
Oscar Nomination
Barrios: "Racist U.S. Educational System"
eludes them from many crltlcal deciss1oas 9.11<1 1)9rpetuates a form o! secondclass citizenship.
The nine-campus University of californla system has a grand to1al ol 16
tenured Chicano faculty members. Only
four of them came up through the ranks;
the other twelve earned tenure elsewhere and transferred to the UC sys tem.
A 1976 report estimated the total
number of Chicano professors nationally
as less than 750 and reported that
"most of those are not on tenure tracks/'
Several factors work against Chicano
pro!essors who are up for tenure
''Chicano faculty members ar~ seen
.as leaders by many people/, expla!m
Tomas Rivera, NCCHE board member ·
and vice president for administratk,. .
at the University ot Texas at San Antonio.
As -a result, they are sought out by
minority students asked to help com~
munlty organjz3.tlons, and named as
minority represen~tives to. university
committees. All those thin,zs take time
time that could have gon: to career~
boJsting research and publication.
"It used to be 'publish or perish,'
but for Chica.nos it's 'publish and perish," says a University of Texas faculty member denied tenure last year.
This is because Chieano!aculty s,)me•
times publish p.imartly in ethnic studies
jailrnals, rather than the mainline jour-
1
of. u~~•r fields.
that, says Dr. Carlos M\lllOZ
UC Berkeley, ''Chicano research
1s non-traditional. !t often challe112eS
eyoncl
of
traditional research and consequently
been categoriz~d as 'not valuefree research' or 'radical research.' "
Monoz also objects to the fact that
most Chicano junior faculty are review-•
ed by white tenure faculty. And for
some white tenured faculty• their value
systems and areas in which they are
the established authority are beingchallenged.''
To help Chicano professors build up
their research and publishing records,
the Betkeley-blsed .~CCHE is administering a $105,---FordFounchtiongrant
funding postdoctoral fellowships !or Chicano faculty in universities where
p'Jblishing is a majm.· critei:ia !or tenure.
Last year, 42 Chica.no junior faculty
from across the country applied for the
fellowsblps and 14 were s~Ieeted.
·
The fellow~hlps, which are supple-
' has
mented by contributions from ·each uni-'
versity, allow tlle professors to 1ake
a year or semester away from teach-
ing and other campus commitments and
devote the time to resgarch and writing.
The postdoctoral fellowships should
help !hose coming up for tenure, but
they come too late for thosg like CSUF's
Barrio.
So he has decided to fight his termination through legal channels.
"At first I thought 'the hell w.tth ft,'
but then I felt I could do some good
bv fle:hling," Barrio says.
"If we 1'.-!c them do !t, it juSt makes
It easier for them n!xt time they want
to make a move against a Chica.no
This will give them somethin6 to re~
member me by.''
-
March 29, 1978
LA VOZ. d'= AZTLAN
Page 3
Chicanno gra uation MAPA candidates
deadline April 21
are five _minorities
The Second Annual Chicano
commencement, bringing together relatives and friends of
CSUF Chicano graduates will be
held May 19, at the Fresno County Fairgrounds.
The Chicano Alumni Association, sponsors of the event, say
the celebration is unique because
parents and relatives of each
graduate are equallly acknowledged for the encouragement and
support they have provided. The
entire community is invited to
attend.
The btungual program lncludes
dinner, music and dancing. Reservations for dinner must be
ma.de in advance by ea.ch participating graduate.
Prospective - graduates who
Applications
CSUF's Mini-Corps 1s acceptinr applications for its second
school year program this fall.
This program is designed to
provide direct educational ~ervtce to migrant children during
the regular school year and provide the Mini-Corps students with
a pre-credential experience that
will be valuable to them when
they finally become fully credentialed bilingual teachers.
The program is funded through
Title I of the Migrant Education
Act and ts under CSUF's School
of Education. Each Mini-Cor~
student receives a stipend of
$245.00 per month to h131P cover
livine; and eduGa,tional expenses.
The Third Wor1.d Coalition
is pre.3ently a group made of
studeuis fro~ Tewaquachi, Iranian students, the Fresno chapter
and the northern Caiifornia chapter, Chicanos .from MEChA, students for safe anergy, Pan African Union, and independent s.tudents who are concerned about
the fast-food-type edu~ation they
are getting at CSUF presently.,
The group's activHies are
organizing against the university's reorganization plan, the
harassing of honest faculty by
the cutthroat com.petition for sur-
Lesly Kimber t a black ean1ldate s~ekin6 a Fresl10 County
Board o! Supervisors i)'Jsitioil,
is :1mong 10 cand'; dates ba~ked
by the Mexican-American Politica.l Association (MAP A).
MAPA also voted support for
four other minorltles at its endo:!.'s.~ment convention ~wo weeks
ago: Judg;.?S Al Villa anj H1gh
GMdwi.!l, Robert A_rro1oandJohn
Ramirez.
But, MAPA voted an open endorsement for the 3oth Assembly
position. President ~omas Nunez
said an open endorsement allows
MAP A members to W\lrk for the
candidate of their choice.
1
vival among supposedly intelligent professors, the administration's plans of elimi nating cultural studies programs, the undermining of minority teachers
in non-ethnic studies departments (see Barrios story), and
the hatchet administration of
Volpp and Baxter.
We encourage students, teachers, community people, and
any_one else in whatever shape
o~~ form to. attend our meetings
in the Stud·ent. Union Mondays
at 11:00 a.IT). Come and find
out what it's au about!. ·
In that state legislature race,
Julio Calderon, a former Fresno
television station i:_eporter, is .
opposed by Bruce Bronzan, Jim
Costa, Qctavia Dierner, andRlck
Jensen.
Kimber, publisher of the minority oriented California Advocate in Fresno, seeks Supervisor '
Post No. 1, vacated by Super-
visor Jon Ventura's decision not
to seek re-election.
Incumbent Municipal Court
Judges Al Villa and Hugh Goodwin were endorsed for re-elec-tion to the bench.
Other MAPA endorsements:
Tony Cuello for the lith Congressional District.
Incumbent Richard Lehmanfor
the 31st Assembly District.
Incumbent Hal McKinney for
Fresno County Sheriff.
Anthony Capozzi for District
Attorney.
John Kazer for Public Administrator.
Robert Arroyo for Fresno
County schools superintendent.
John Ramirez for county clerk.
MAPA refused to give endorsements in three other races: the
17th Congressional District, the
30th Assembly District, Supervisors Post No. 4, and the Assessor's Office.
~
Deaf .Ch .icano student wins
college presidencv
The program is looking for
junior and senior students as
they begin their course work in
the School of Education. Those
selected for the program should
have some"' experience w-orking
with migrant children or have
been migrant children themselves. They must also be bilingual and have a grade point
average of 2.5 or better.
Application deadline for next
year's program is April 21.
Persons interested in the program can get more information
in Ed-Psych 153, ext. 2067.
HET
monies must submit their applications by April 21. Applications are available in the La
Raza Studies Office, EOP Office
and the Tutorial Center.
For more information contact
Ernesto Martinez at 487-2428,
Tony Garduque at 487-1020 or
Manuel Olgin at 487-2924.
Coalitio·n: 'fast-food
-education'
ready
for Mini-Corps
wish to take p1.rt 1n the cere-
The newly elected studerit boj}'
president at Ohlone College is
a deaf man who hooos to be
preside[).t _o! the United States
some day.
Roa Martinez, 23, desp~te his
deafness, became tascinatedwHh
politics and '1m.s elected class
president at a private d1~a.f scho::>!
and public high schonl befm.-e
entering Ohlone.
"I am trying to ;,ho'N 1'?af
students they can -a.chieve w:iat
they wls~," said JJartinez.. "My
go:11 is to become the first dea!
president of the United States."
At Ohlone: a community co!lege
w!th 9,000 students,
Martinez hel~d organize a student political party that elected four o! the five winners in
the student governmen~ election.
The p-a.rty promised to liberalize· a college grading policy s-:>
that students can drop cours~s
later in the quarter wnen they
think they are failing.
Martinez speaks by s~gn ~nguage.
''I can lip read well enoagh
to carry on the normal pi:-esident's duties" s:iid Martinez. "I
only need an interpreter for large
meetings .."
Before he runs for president
Martinez plans ·to become a
teacher at the college in eco ••
nomics and become a lawyer.
hotli~e seeks Spanish speakers
The Fresno based HET (Help
in Emotional Trouble) hotline
is seeking Spanish-speaktng vol- unteers to train for telephone
counseling and referral service.
Bobbe Heizman, HET staff
member, the no11-profit o:rga.nization is looking for volunteers
with fluency in Spanish to
help in assisting non-English
ap::'3.:cing callers they receive •.
If enough volunteers are interested, a Spanish-speaking only
hotline wm · then be op:med for
the com1mmity.
"We w~nt p,~op1e who generally care aoo-ut ~o_¥>Ie and have
a feeling about people," s:1id
Heizman.
She estimates that HET gets
an average or 10-15 non-English
speaking callers per mouth and
they must refer them to other
source•; oecause they do not have
vo~un~ears who can communicate
with them.
Heizman is optimistic abo·Jt
opening a hotline for Spanishspeaking mem':>ers of the com-
munity slnce she sees a need .
for such a hotline. She for-
sees people becoming involved
in this hotline.
''We have a large po:.·tionofo·a r
community who speak only Spanish. Why should they not be
included in services we offer
the English-speaking po,_J1lation," said Heizma..1.
''We ·are all human beinis
and we .all have crises at one
time rn.· '.l,1oiher.''
Heizman speculates that a minimum of s~ven Spanish-speaktng
volunteers are needed to ::>pen
the Sp.:i.nish hotun,~.
Ten to
fifteen volunteers are needad to
keap the hotline open on a regular basis, she said.
Curl·~ntly, a few CSUF stud·ants are working with HET as
volunteers
to
aid tM-m
be ·
fore they actually work !n their
profession.
"We have studen4s fro,n ma jors sach as therapeutic recreation, so,::lal w?.lfare, p.sychology
and the communications, although
we accept students from any
area," said Heizman.
She als:) is optimistic that many
WfJmen will respond to the nead
for more vo1un~eers.
"We as women are expo.sad
to the emotional element more
of.ten.
Tbe W')ma.n needs the
kln:1 of ·op;mtunity to •?mo~iona.Uy
express herself. She needs the
type of recra:.iti.Jn ·outside the
home bat is meaningful to her.
It increasqs tha·. i• (;a-pac1ty as a
human belng, a woman an1 a
mother," saU HE:,iZman.
Accordlng to Heizman, interested perso::is will be sent an
application form and if returned,
that person will meet with the
experienced volun~eers and counselors. A decision wm then be
mad~ as to 11hether they w0re
accepi~d into the train.~nz program"
The training s-3ssions are
und,~rgoing changes right nQWi
but Heizman says one complete
training session should lastfrom
four to six wneks. In this ses sion, volunteers w-al meet once
a week for tw,., r1ours w!1ere they
w.l.ll learn counseling sktlls .. In
addition, they wm also attend
a four-hour shift with onr. ·J f the ,
experienced volunteers. . They
wm then become familiar wHh
emergency proo.::~dures , referr3.l
service calls, etc.
After the initial training, vo!unfeers will then work oae fourho·J r shift p~r week.
Heizman anticipates an in"<;reas~ in calls to the Spanish
hotline o.:ice it is in fm.•ce.
'' But it is g-J:ng to ta.'~co time.
We have to try and understand
enm.1gh abo1it the Mexican-Amer•
ican co,nmunity and what wm
make them ,::all, s!le s:iid.
HET is a 24-hour COll~idfl!ll:i.al
telephone co"Jn'>elingan:l referral
s~rvlce,
They handle · calls
concerning:
drugs, child
abuse, d-apt"•?ssion, suicide, legal
referral, welfare, bas1c needs,
interpersonal confiiets, personal
problems, sexuality, and mect1 cal, . alm1g wHh request !or information and any problems the
caller may have.
"We are trained to jo more
listening than talktng,'' said
Heizman,
For more information about
volunteer work for the HET hotlin'3, call 485-1132.
.
Page 4
LA VOZ de AZ f L.-L'i
Ma:~h 29, 1978
Native American Group Seeks
Peace, Unify & Harmony
cont1neni. ln a que~t ~or pt1,1ce,
union and harmony,
one 0f the groups l:iaders,
who calls hims~lf Coyo'·.e • .3aid
of the g_!OUJ:>.'S efforts,
"rWe
are traveling for the purpose
of trying to break down the stereotypes oi
Indians are. We
got locker! into the John Wayne
sterl:'otypeo
"We, a:, <'•. gr. ,up, ~,~:- I': l 3 a
reminder that we are stm a
large group of people that. don't
·,,ave z voice" We are trying
to reach a lot of p:?op1.e nor
just ip the United States, but
all of North Amer~ca," s?id
what
::oJ"r· ~J4
The soft-spoken Native American sai'.f his group attempt~
to show people there ar~ still
many Indians in mountains and
villages, and they have the righ~s
co remaln Indians1nstaad or ass:;,;..
Sign ups
milating- ' i1f;1 :he dJm.mr.1.: <;ociety's culture.
"We are trying to tell Indians
to keep their culture and not to
assimilate into the dominant so~!P-t,i. Th~ :ns :.; t.1.1tlonaHzecJ ,311ucation ts trying to erase the
Indian c;1iJ 'fren's cultur9. That
is where it all starts," Coyote
said.
According to Coyote., the stan.
dards for social acct~ptc1a-:11 1re
· too higti anri it is like :iee:Jing
childre:i into n ;ne,u: irinder.
"One alterna.Hv3 to the current
educational system would be tO
have more commw17ty contr:·,ls
in the schools,' 1 he said.
"What is going to hap~11 -.vh:ln
we .1r•~ au assi milated? You
can't fail at living. Yl)U fall
at llving up to somebody else's
standards." Coyt,te said.
Students . Plan
For
.Spring
A Dance contest will be the
featured event ~i the disco dance
sponsored by National Chicano
Health organization (NCHO). ·
Prizes for the dance, scheduled for Friday, Mar. 31, wlll
include dinner for two at Dos
Amigos in Mission V1llage, and
some free tequila for the· runners-up.
The dance will be held in the
Up's tairs Cafeteria at CSUF •
from 9:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.
A $I.5o donation is requested
at the door.
EOP
Day
4
EOP
I n tr a m u r a Is
All EOP students interested
in intramural Spring softball can
sign up now at the EOP office.
There will be men, women and
co-ed competition. ' The deadline for signups is Aprll 3rdo
Everyone is encouraged to participate.
There will be meetings every
Thursday at 3:30 in the EOP
office, Joyal Administration building for EOP students interested in organizing the 3rd annual EOP Spring Day.
. Spring Day is a multi-ethnic
event and all ethnic organizations are encouraged to parti•
cipate. The event is scheduled
for Friday April 28 at 10:00
a.m. to 5;00 p.m. at O'Ne111
park. There will be free lunch,
games, music and prizes.
Eco-nomic Pressures Force· Boarder Crossing
c arlo.w Guzman -sta:ff contributor
"The Wetback ls : l hungry human
being. His need ,JI f oo:l and clothing
ts immediate and pressing. · He is a
fugitive· and lt is as a fugitive fhat
he lives.. Under the c011stant threat
of apprehension and dc!portation, he canD'Jt p:-otest ot appeal no matter how
unjust he is treated, Law operates
against him but not for him. Thos~
w!10 capitaliza on the legal · disability
of the wetbacks are n-1merous and their
d1?vices are many and various. (Presid'3n~'s Commlssiont 1951:78)
This report by the President's Co.nmis-
s1011 stlll hoii<; :rue today, ani;J as loug
as. Mexico's economic problems coatintte
and as long as the United States appears to ~ the · "promise Jami,'' there
wm contin,1e to be a problem w;.th und,)cumented workers ..
What is it that makes a man leave
his family and come into the United
states and become a ~' crlmlnal" by
crm1iing Uw oo·rder i1Je(PU~·Peritp!ls
crossing the border illegally? Permps
if society completely understood -~11.1.t
motlvates und•J•~umen~ed wo.:kers to 1·:sk
their well-being by cornil}g to thG United
States, then perhaps there W'>ald ':>e measures taken to cure the problem nther
tha.1 to take measures which a.re only
to combat the symp·~oms of the pro~lem.
The problem is one of economic d,~speratlon. This is w!,y ha wlll pay a "coyote"
from $200 to $300 to '!:>e taken Into t?e
American border. This ls why he will
Uve in ~row.\ed and unsanUary_ho·asing
co.nditlo,1S. This ls why he wlll wor~
long back hreaktng hours !Jnder t_he hot
sun and other untolerable conditions.
It should be remembered that W9 are
dealing with real peo~le who are tak:1ng
the only coarse o! action which appa..ars
to give them the on!y sign of hope.
Approximately 60 percent o! all undocumen~ed work~rs in the UnitedStates
come from Mexico. The majority oi
these wo:.rkers have many things in"!ommon. They are mostly younl males
just over the age o! 2·1 years, they have
had less than five years o1 schooling,
they come mostly from rural areas, .
and they are unsk.illed wirkers., M0:1t
undocumented workers have · only don~
agricultural work In Mexico, before they
came to the United States.
As on9 undocumented worker put it,
"If I could get a gooj job in my towri,
I W'>Uld ~1ot come to the Unlted States
looking for a jo:.J." This statemen~
clearly states that the reasonforcoming
to the U.S. ls m~tivated by economic
pressures. These undocumented workers need to increa.:,:~ theirfamllyinf!ome
becaus-e w!.iat they make is not en<Jugh
to llve on, Although unemphyment is
high in Mexico, the eeo,1omic situation
is w-1:rs:mP.d by th~ lack o~ good ;xtying
jobs. This, plus the steady risa in
the inflation rate s1nce B71, has moi:1vated Mexicans !o seek jobs in the United States.
Undocumented workers
are aw-:ire of the.dlngers i)f ma~i!lg the
trip, or o! being caught by the Immigration and ~aturalizatim1 Service.
However, thes9 workers are als-:>
a w:,.re that in 0.19 to three months o!
W'Jrk tn the United States they can make
mo:e moJey than they w":ud in one year's
time in their home tmvr1.
The majo:..·1ty o! undo~umente.d .workers m1ly come to the UU:ted States for
short -perfojs of time, and very
few of
them ever considar imm!gratin5 to the
United States legally. Most ot thew.,:rkers return to Mexico alter .their seasonal job3 are over, w;ien they have maje
the ammmt o! mo11ey which they e
the amoJnt o~ money w!rlch they ware
hopmg to make, 01• when their desire
to see their ramlly overcomes them.
According to a Massachusetts Jnstitute o! Technology study dm1e by Wayn~
Crnelius, 58 p.~rcent or undocume~ted
workers are in the United States fo,: 10ur
i).t" less mo,lths.
Of all the wrxrkers
w!iich Cornelius interview~'1 only 11 perc~nt stayed 1n the Untted States lon~r
than one year before they returned ~o
Mexico..
The und,,cum':\nted wo~kers
see the big difference$ in w::-lges between
jobs in the United States a,1:f Mexico
a.11 this also draws more woTk~rs to
the UnUed Sfate.s. When the Peso lost
almost half its value, thus :Jarning more
buying l)')'Nf.lr for the dollar, there was
an ~bviou.s increase of umlocumented
w•,:..·kers who •~tossed ~he border.
Undocumented 'W''J:..•kers are looking for
jobs ~inr:l the United States is in eo11Sfant
demand 'fo:r cheap labor, so til3S9 two
facfoi:s are the d:..rect cause of the undJcumented worker p::oblem.~ Unfortunately, s!nce these workers :1re here
illegally ·they are the workers who receive the lowfJst w:1.ges, usually have
the w:Jrst working conditioils, have bad
housing, an:t worse they suffer from
dls~rimlnatioa and cheating from no·;
m1ly Anglos but also Mexican-Americans
a'.nf.1 Chicano.s .
Undo~mented W:lrkers w!10 make
regular trlp,.:; to the United States tend
to return to the same jobs, so after
a time they become reliable w·:,.rkers
and since growers J)'lyther:n low--:;rw1ges,
the und,Jcumented worker has become
a very fa vo.ra.ble group o! wurkers for
growers WiIJ need tield W1Jrkers, Even
during the Bracero Program, some
workers preferred to be here illegaUy
because If you wore a bracero you •~re
co:lfln~d to o,1e employer or job. If
you were not a brieero you could go
from one job to another. It is believed that the tomato ~rop o! 1951 r-.s .
pl.eked by equal J)'lrts of braceros and
undoeumen~ed workers, and a small inrt
of mostly d•.)mestic families., In order
to hopefully put an end to the hiring
o~ undoe·umP.nted wr:Jrkers, the U.s. anti
Mexico passed. in 1949 Public Law 78
at Sectioa 501; which states, "no work- .
ers shall be avalJable''-to 1ny empfo:,er
"wl10 bas in him 9 mp!oy • • • any
Mexican Alien • • • not Ia wfully in the
United states.'' Thes~ and_ l)_ther .Jaws
:lid not prJt an end to the h1rmg 01. un-
rtncumented workers,
.
. Under heavy pressure from u.rgamzad
labor; the braeero program was end-ad
in 1964. After this date, the number
of undocumented workers increased
greatly. The Bracero pro~m sl~ply
went u,n,i,~rgro·and. Ho·N0ve~, 1t is ln-eresting to note that the ma10:rity .of the
o!d~r undo•~um~nted W'.>rkers first come
to the UeS. und~!r the Bracero Program.
The United states benefits in three ways.,
First jobs are created ':o apprehen1,
care fo:.·, and ·axpt)l undo~umented W,'.Jrk-
er;;, secon,1. undocumented workers
spen:t a lot o! their mo.1~~ in the Un~ted
States before goin.s bac.\C to Mextco,
and third. unjo•;Jmented wo~·kers fill
the need }o::- cheap labor. Mexico also
benefits from uudo·,:mmented wo:rkers beC3.US8 the mo.1ey witlch is 1>ent or ta.lcen
back to Me:<lco helps Mexico's stagger-
in economy.
.
Since M~xico :.1eed, sco:aomic rehef
.ror their unemployedanj 1·1eirumt~remployed and since the United sta-~es
ha:3 a Ja:rga deman1 tor cheap labor
be the answu. How~ver revislou.i; should
be maje to benefit the wo:kers, Mexico,
and the United States.
March 2~, 1978
Page 5
The Heart of
Sa ntana Sound ..
Peraza,
Rekow
Escov-e do,
By Felix Contreras .
Since the days wl)en it was
a Mission Dtstrict street b;.-:d,
were bought
Sjxl~tsh.
by the Fren,~h
"We're talcing a basic Latin
r•1ythm," Pete explains, "and
''We (Cubans) p:tay some drums expan-:linz it to w!1erc it bec Jmes . •
that the Afrlca.ns people d•m't very wlde ·in range, in that the
play anymo4,·e. A lot of. the arran~ments get very interesttribes a:;.•a disappearing, and the ing, iMtead o1 a typfo-1: da.1ce
culture ls d!sappea.ring....We are tune. Like a .i1m::e thing wh:?re
the only Latin Americaa eountry all of a sud,l3n you're into Us ·
that repres~.at ,~b.e African cul- tenin~. The dmce elament is still
ture from way back.. ..
there, but. you're mere inclined
Discm,smg the art of praying
''The Cuban infiuene.e 1s al- to listen."
conza.
s, Peraza explains, "Peo W'.?.ys there, ineludlng in the di.sco
Raul Rekow comes from •yet
pie misunrfors~n•l, they thinko! today, yoa ha re a Cuban in••
fluence. The dis::,, i_.1 :>etween another generation o! pt1reuss ..
boom,_; boom, hoom, bonm-- it's
iouists~ and his beginnings sho'N easy. It's not that easy. It's
the samba, and variou.s Caribit.
bean Is'laald:;, but ls to:hy called
"I got started after seeinz very difficuP to m.1:~t-3 r the indlsco.,''·
Santana for the first time, in :,trumcnt." To master the con&-1,
it takes :it le:rst 10 1ears o!
Pete Escovedo, a 0 s.aconr:l gen• s
eration" nercussio11ist, burst 1969, at the Cow Palace m an
dedication to the d.~um, he s:iys "
Y"
Francisco.. It more or less lnEven thoagh he's been ?h.fl.ili
into the spotlight of. the San . spir 9 d me to .s tart p:1.a.ying con:i.lmo:~;_ 1.:J. his life, Peraza, along
Frandsco Latino musi;! .:;cau~
,,
while in Azteca. A band he gas.
with the othN'3, ~in:t : ;t ha:t d b
and his ' brother Coke (himself
From there, he did a stint mcpiain why they p:1.ay percussion,
. a top-notch timbalero) put to•- in an all-Philipin•J oa&1d thatSa.i,}3ekmv'. "It's very infectious,
tana so:i.1gs note rm.· note called, .
gethe.r after years of playing w!ia.t els~, So·al Sa~rificc (later When ym.1 hear the co,1ga, it
in various San Fra.n~tseo ~lub
changed to Daklla). It ~s durmakes 1ou w-1nt to :los-::nnethingbands., After tw.:-i w~ll receivetl ing a club date with Daklla that
it makes ym1 w-mt to inrty, it •
,Llbums, and a lot of touring,
.
d
makes yoa - want to drm"!e, it
-Azteca dlsband~d, and Pete went Rekow~ 1" 7~5 appr?acne 1JY memmakes you . wm1t to plaJ.
It
0~1 to become a very in-demand
bers oi. Malo to J_oln them.
aL;:, 1.n::-.~es you want to l~arn.
studio percussiouistandvo,~alist. Arter S'.)me time w!th Malo,
Last spring, Escovedo r~Rek•Jw ;)?..rted comzni1yw!th Malo,
le~ed an album wtth yet another amt ·3n1ed up playin-5fordifferent
club ban-is in San Franeiseo and .
Es:.!oved-.:i, h(3 eonga-p!aying 21
year o~d d1ughi:er, Sheila, The
do1ng "a lot of different things"
album, "Sofo Two", was proup until a year and a half ago
d,1eed ~Y jazz-great Billy Cobwhen he w:i.s app.toached -JY
ham. It included musical diCarlos Santa11a to joln the ba11drections slmll,ar to those of Azthe very band that inspired tum
teca, and show.;?.sed the Escoto p1a.y in the first place.
vedos at what they do best- pun
~onga y timtial, but with a twist.
and
1
the heart o! the Santana s:)uud
bas always been the rhythm, 3.&'ld
the dr-;1ms tm.t make that rhythm.
It has become legenr.L'lry - , the
percussion sectio&1 P'Jmpini o·Jt
a driving beat fo-r C3.rlos' st:o:rch~
ing guitar work.
Sant.a112. .i:mtshed their latest
U~S. to·ar to a ca.paeity crowd
at Fresno's Sellad Arena. 'RidinR"
toe cr'.>st of popularity
or
their
latest album, "Moonfimver", the
current band has been hailed by
many as the best ·Santana band
ever;
· For this ba..'ld, Carlos Santana.
p!cked probably the stro,1gest
percussion trio' that can_exist
in one band: Arinando Peraza,
respected '.>y many musicians
as a master of the conga drum;
Pete Eseovedo, on timbales> ·a
25-year veterano o:r Latino mu1;tc
in the bay area; an-'i Raul Reko·w,
ou c-:o:.1ga:.i; a uyoungster" at.the
age or 23,. yet pulling his wG·1ght
in sa.ch a strong percussion
ensemble.
Armando Peraza came to the
, United States in 1949 (w-:-,en ne
was Hin ~s 20's) from his native
Hav-~.:n, Cuba.. Durl~g the span
of his caraer, he had played with
many
jazz greats:
Stan
Kenton, Diziy Gillespie, Ju,dy
Garland, Carlos Fedei·l co, Cal
Tjader, the Ust go~s on(his ftrst
recm.•ding date in the U oS. W".-,
wUh fa1m:l -~.l.,:J r,upiayer Charlie Parker!)
P13ra,v1, along with other Cuban
•~oi1ga greats like Mongo Santamaria, Pata.to, and Francisco
Aguabella, began to reinforce a
Cuban infiuen-::e in American
music that, he says, "has alw:,.ys
been, and still is, here,
"To±1y, people are not wHling.
to recogn.1ze the eohtributions of
the Cuban musl.::ian in :parts of
the world. In the United States,
the Cuban m:is:ic1an has a great
innuence into A.nierican jazz,
fro:n the time o! Dlxi.eland to
the Pl:'asent time ••• "
Peraza illustrates his point
by tracing the Jnth o! captured
Africans, from Africa to the
UnUed States 1 an.j ::he sto,;>s at
different Caribbean Islands, in-clud-:.ng Cuba, where Africans
learn mo:t e about the ct.·um a.-\(1
the rhythms that come f r-:nn that
drum. That's w!iat it d:>es to .
me ••• It's something very myI can't pinpoint il .. I
don't k.'low what it is, but it
is."
Escoved:J: "Y 011 get to lo·ve it,
and it's all you want to do.. It
gets to the p0int where you've
been dolng it for so ma,17 years,
stical.
yoJ do!l'g
you don't ~.nt to turn back. You
just w:,.nt to ::Ceep golnJ at it
stronger."
Peraz~:
side, that
"It's something inyou
love.
Yo:i
can't
ex-pl:lin this to noJOdy. It's a
feelinJ that o:..1ly a conga player
Wl<lersta.nds! Nnhntfv ~·; c"'"
LA
voz de AZ ru:{
Dominguez , Durazo
Gal·l ardo , Martinez
Ramirez
I
.Verdugo
On The Bank
Hombre
I was in Egypt
hidden by what I imagined reeds.
We sailed leaves, or w•ood--anything
and saw the world below us.
We were masters of war there;
d~stroying island camps,
sinking ships before they got
away,
changing the land.
Each time we sat on the l?ank
we w~re killers.
Matting the reeds dampening our
pants.
Sometimes waiting for mountains of brown foam
to bomb until they mixed with
the water aga.iii.
Hands
A hand never wears out
never sows a p.J•~ket
never searches or makes speeches
never p,mehes a typewriter ' or faee
or gropes for breases or balls
or plays tens:e games with its brother
but it's to blame.
I know without hands nothing could move
but they are as useless as tongues
always letting slip facts, always making
sisters hold tight to laundry jobs
or s11pptng holds on grandmothers
sunk df'~P in a vat of autumn leaves.
Hands are always hungry,
begging for food, bringing wilole families'
to yo'Jr daorstep
with huge saddles 011 (heir backs.
Don't depend on hands
they're unlucky at dice, they make federal buildings
w::lte dates draw convers:1tio,1S Interrupt conversations
They're delicate
when the situatio~1
calls for delicacy, like when
they tug your hair
to remf.nd you of the times J::>U've fallen short.
This is why people beat their hands
using each other. This is w!1y •..
But they're not to bla.mP., after all
my whole life began wtth a hand.
They delivered me like a package, knew my father
kne·w my mother,
lrn.ew I.he loud-mouths they'd become
s;,olling everything
spouting disgraceful chairs and beds
backed Yi.th meaning.
So whip them, W!l1P them a.U,
•ca.use even If yoa wanted
you can neve:r g~t rid of hands.
They never give back
w!iat they stole
to begin with.
--Mike Dominguez
Wa~iu
barrio of
the mind,
wr10 sleeps
1n slea.zy
cities
with
lights :in:l
neon signs,
your
s
d
e
W?.lks ::oncreted,
and Jlayground-,
tarred wUh
Red;;, Heroin,
and Liquo~,
your sleep
is dangerous,
Remember
Vin~ente Gutierrez
and
.Danny Trevino,
they w~re easy
to -bhme,
Remember how 8.£ the
coo,~arts :ind
muslc
jams,
all yol wmit
to do
ls to trip
an1
get
fuckM up,
Wacha,
look at
colores,
-blues
in
all
snades and
shapes,
then
•~omp-are
them to
violets ·
purples,
a.nj r.i1ack;,
then ~hey
wm trun
to yellow~
orange, and
gold,
like the
co~or o!
light,
oI spn. ..'!?,
of time,
o! on~,
ESCUCHA
THE
RF.VO LUCION
NEEDS YOUo
1
Victor Martinez
--Rudy G3J.lard1)
Page 7
LA VOZ de AZTLAN
Grapefie/d as aChi/d
No not
Great clouds wired to the ground
conier and tremble
when a boy, loaded with water, passes
puling his feet qui.czy from the smolda;cig earth
His family has sent him the youngest
for the ga!Jon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap.
The brown skin blotches with the dust
His father, who is grey, has spotted him b'Jt keeps working,
But what about that week thougn,
tt was of course not real ~~ DO! real things
nor real love
nor real flesh
nor hair, nor highways
nor breath.
And there arf:! people now, everywhere,
bobing in and out of the l~aves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
It was of course a world which can only exist
when it does
and not when one wants 1t to .
Ben Durazo
✓
.
.
.
l·.i
".·,
ti~e, no not flesh
.
.
It encircles one
and one cannot cause to be encircled by it.
One steps into it, carried on that line:
That fat flying windowed line
from which we vtew but don't see
and wa-:Ce up after traveling on it
never in it
in a different world where hjghways
are stretched on superstructures
o!trees
and lawns are thick and green
and tall,
swayi.,1g in the light brec z.3
which c~!Ties the sun to one's face
and the heart rests on a clump
and when rais,J:j sees tae sun
touching t.he supe.rstruct-1re
ln the distance,
whe.ra tile plllars hoM it up,
whe-i·e the ~~turtow!5 are .on i1e:· st1-:>:1Mers
ud both of you
are foe re i111der t; 1-1 :1 ;,:i .>n_;
neld up IJy !he brown trees.
Then it's all gone ·
after you board that line
and are carried by 1.t
from windows
ov2r ;lhl'~5 '.)r .·r::.t? clouds
to be encircled by another time
which ls nof. real time
no~· real heat
nor re.a.I dust
nqr real fl,esh charred by napalm
or stabbed by silver bayonets or imp~led
on rusty barbed wire
and left to rot in the monsoon till
worms :.i.r<! where green traCldf rounds
came from
and a loud, soul releasing cry
hung in the air
when mo.ning revaaled
the blow11 il:~ l es
the scatt:?re.j, ruptured sandbags
of the earth
which through it all
left you ai.lve to hear
the cry
. to watch it float
with the sun
and the va-p·) rizing molsture
of non-real time
and non-real plac<~
and non-real fiesh.
George Verdugo
Abuelo
Now I see nothing,
there ls no one who has.
A few Words By Someone Who Has Tried Everything
Because now as trees .slowly age,
and It s~ems like ,hey mw~r 11e-.,
he sf.ts, his body ,-;;Jaking as lf nerves try
to le:1p !l.·•::>m his bod'!.
He sits in the same chair;
Still it rises, burns.
Still windshields carry 1t across the ground
And now,
the pain of looking into it
stops it in the mQrning. ,
ln the same pla.::e.
· Jobnny p1.ays outside,
Abuelo stares watching,
he rememoors h1s lost youth time has stolen,
He tells me, "I could Wl)tk all day in my
youth, there were no limits, never".
He wants to plaJ.
The hum of the house, clocks ticking _
the refrigerator: the ho'JSe w-ithered like
himself
At forty he checked for Wl"P.lcomed wrinkles,
they came slowly.
I sit next to him.
I hoH his tremb~ing lwld1
he tells me it won't stop
1 squeeze,
Still it rises,
smaller in the waste of houra,
still the dead leaves carry it with them
to the ground,
still my shoe
with the taste of stone,
of granl,
of the melted tar on cracked streets,
of water,
of the guts of worms,
of leaves returning to the rust of roots,
presses shadows to the ground
when it burns,
,,,anq cars pus with the children of the •un
seething in their eyes
like mad demons in the morning.
it stops~
Inside I feel hls la.st nerve squirming,
there is no feeling, no pain.
ms face ugs, a~
George Verdugo
sh'Wly he says,
"no para".
I say nothing.
Pedro Ramirez
p :1 oto h\' Carlos 1; 11zman
, Lite is movement~ movement 1s life'
P hutv hy Carlos Guzm-an