La Voz de Aztlan, November 5 1975
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, November 5 1975
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
11/5/1975
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00069
extracted text
CSUF bilingual
por Mario Galvan
Si se presenta un base solido
de estudio, podriamos tener un
programa de educacion bilingue
en esta institucion para el proximo ano dijo el Prof. Cecilio
Orozco, coordinator of bilingual
studies in the School of Education.
"Yo ni programa tengo," says
Orozco. "Aun no hay program a de
educacion bilingue en Fresno."
Dr. o rozco contends in an area
such as this, where there is a
large percentage of MexicoAmericanos, it is ridiculous that
a bilingual program has not been
established. He also emphasized
he is working on establishing
one at CSUF.
Orozco came from New Mexico
Highlands University where he
was director of the Bilingual
Teacher and Teacher Training
Institutue. He was also a profesor at La Uni versidad Autonama de Guadalajara, Jalisco en
Mexico.
He received his B.A. and M.A.
'degrees from Northern Arizona
University and his PhD from the
program within ·year?
University of New Mexico.
"Yo voy a proponer el programa,i' says Orozco. "There
needs to be an in-depth study on
a Bilingual Preparation Program."
Orozco said for a long time
many Chicanos were accustomed
to inventing a study off the top of
their heads, but now, "estamos en
dos pasos de educacion," emphasizing the fact tl}e Chicano is
an educated individual who is
capable of doing anything he sets
his mind to.
•Yo agradezco mucho los esfuerzos de otros quienes pelearon para obtener lo presente,"
dijo Orozco. Indicating the fact
he is appreciative of those who
struggled for what we have
gained, but now there is a need
for "realistic" efforts.
"If we conceive a realistic
program it w111 get approval,"
said Orozco. "Realistic in the
sense that it is founded on indepth research studies."
"Yo voy a proponer el programa," said Orozco, adding his
proposal contains three major
objectives:
I. Introducing a multiple subjects credential program for
undergrads, a four yearprogram
developing courses with this objective in mind.
II. Getting a five year credential program for the undergraduate student.
For this particular objective,
the groundwork has been set by
departments such as La Raza
Studies, Spanish, Bilingual Studies, and the Education Department, said Orozco. "They have
submitted a proposal to Sacramento and we should be getting
an appraisal by the seventh of
this month," he said.
Ill. Then finally, there is the
Masters Program in Education
that would include the Bilingual
Cross-Cultural Specialist Credential, which is contingent on
the second point, statedOrozco.
"Yo estoy optimistico," excalmo Orozco. "Y se necesita
coordinar los esfuerzos de
todos."
Orozco went on to add a bilin(Continued on Page 4, Col. 2)
CECE LIO OROZCO
LA vaz
>
- DE AZTLAN
Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1975
LXXX/45
A special
edi -tion of
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
California State University, Fresno
Calendc;l'rio Bicentinario
1846 Natividad
Battle recalled
PAUL MARQUEZ
ALFONSO GUZMA_N
KFSR broadcasting Chicano shows
by Tom Uribes
Disc-jocks Alfonso Guzman
and Paul Marquez are competing
with the Maytag repairman for
the title of •Lonliest Man in
Town." But, hopefully, not for
long.
· "We hardly get calls from any
people," says Guzman, with a
toothy grin from under a bushy
moustache.
His weekly hour and a half
radio show featuring bilingual
broadcasting and Mexican music
on KFSR is one of two Chicanooriented programs now aired on
the campus_radio.
Guzman's show, which has been
on the air only a month, can be
heard every Thursday morning
from 8:30 to 10.
Last Tuesday he was joined by
junior Paul Marquez who made
his debut featuring Top40American hits interspersed with occasional Chicano music. He may
be heard on Tuesday evenings
from 8 t 10 p.m.
KFSR is carried only on campus, in the College Union and the
dormitories.
"We need response to keep the
show," said Guzman. "Callers_
are the ones that are going to
help decide whether we stay on
the air."
Both are students of radio
broadcasting instructor Richard
Lucas, J<;FSR's adviser.
"We're a service and we want
to brinP,' as much programming
for the wide variety of students
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 1)
Gomez to head AA
CSUF will welcome Celia
Gomez as the new Affirmative
Action Officer for the university
this month.
Mrs. Gomez will take over the
position vacated by Andy Alva- '
rado, who is taking a leave of
absence.
She has been a counselor at·
Fresno City College since 1970.
Her position, at the time, was
called for by students' request
for a Chicana counselor on the
FCC campus.
At City College the Chicana
educator is known for involvement with FCC students, in th-at
she is active with MECHA and
is the current sponsor of Las
(Continued on Page 4 1 Col. 1)
This article is the second in
a series that lists the contributions and misfortunes of La Raza
within the United States of
America.
Monthly highlight - On Novem ber 14, 1846 U.S. Army troops
under Capt. John C. Fremont
fought insurgent Californios under Jose Antonio Chavez in the
Battle -of Natividad in Northern
California.
Californio guerrilias had overthrown U.S. occupation forces in
Southern California and forced
Commodore Robert F.Stockton's
forces into Los Angeles harbor.
Chavez's fighters were sent
north to capture Thomas A.
Larkin, an anglo merchant who
doubled as a spy for the United
States government before the
war.
The Californios captured Larkin at a ranch in which he was
hiding in the Salinas Valley and
then moved to Fremont's California B.atallion, which was headed
for Monterey with 300 horses
taken from Sacramento.
A hard-fought battle was waged
20 miles from Monterey and
several men were killed and
wounded on both sides. The battle
eflded when both sides ran out of
ammunition.
Fremont's troops r~treated to
San Juan and the Californios,
their m is s ion accomplished,
headed back south_with Larkin as
hostage.
The battle, unreported in most
history books, significantly delayed Fremont's march to southern California with reinforcements and Stockton was forced
to retreat from Los Angeles to
San Diego.
NOVEMBER
CELIA GOMEZ,
5th, 1904: San Antonio - After making contact with Chicano
groups, Richardo Flores Magon
publishes the first issue of "Regeneracion" in the United States.
6th, 1971: Denver - An estimated 1,000 Chicanos march in
protest against the Indo-China
war.
7th, 1970: San Francisco
- Los Siete acquitted of murder
charges after 18 months in jail.
8th, 1519: Mexico - Hernan
Cortes first , enters Tenochtitlan
(now Mexico City) and is courteously received ·by the Aztec
leader Moctezuma II.
- 9th, 1969: New Mexico -Seventh annual Alianza Convention
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 4)
Americans
favor Chavez
NEW YORK (AP) - By a 45-7
margin the American people
sympathize with Cesar Chavez's
United Farm Workers in its Jurisdictional fight with the Teamsters union over who should represent workers in California, the
Harris Poll reported Monday.
Chavez's union was favored by
34-29 per cent over the farm
operators, ·with 37 per cent neutral or unsure.
The Harris organization said
17 million adults have stopped
buying grapes, 14 million have
stopped buying lettuce and 11
million have boycotted Gallo wine
in the California controversy.
"Basic to the appeal of Chavez
and his cause," the Harris poll
said, •is the widely held view that
farm workers are paid below
average wages. The public places
farm workers' pay as the lowest
of 25 industries mentioned."
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
2-THE DAllY COLLEGIAN
letter to the editor
Where do
union dues go?
would see that administrative
Editor:
Chavez s1, Teamsters Nol, a. salari,s are gobbling up much of
chant heard from UFW A (United , the money.
Many people do not realize that
Farm Workers of America) supthe •top Teamster bosses," inporters, is heard for more reacluding Teamster President
sons than "the public realizes.
Frank Fitzsimmons, the Secreone issue that concerns the
tary-Treasurer, and 14 Viceworkers, is that of Union dues
presidents receive approximately
that are being paid by the mem$425,000 in salaries alone. This
bers for benefits, services, and
does not include their personal
job security.
cars, all-expense paid trips for
Union dues are the bargaining
themselves and their wives, plus
link between union members and
all secretarial help and services
their respective unions.
which they deem necessary.
The UFWA, as adopte·d by the
Teamster monies are also used
first Constitutional Convent!on on
to employ and pay annual salaries .
September 23, 1973, established
to other "boss family members."
that two per cent of the memOf the sixteen top bosses, each
. ber's pay checks will constitute
has at least one member of his
the needed union dues.
family on the payroll (a brother,
The Teamsters established that
wife, and/or children), receiving .
. eicht dollars per month would
anywhere from $1,700 to $78,000
suffice as the membership dues
in salaries.
and guarantee union benefits.
Whereas, the United Farm
The question is, "where does
Workers, no matter what their
the money go?''
position, have a weekly salary of
In 1974 the UFWA paid out
five dollars each.
$1.14 million in medical plans to
In conclusio11, I would like to
its membership,_ the year before
leave you, the reader, a few
that the Farm Workers Union
thoughts to ponder.
spent $1.4 million in medical.exIf you do not care about how
penses for its members.
your Union dues are spent, such
The Teamsters have refused to as supplementing the extravagant
announce any estimation ofbenelife styles of the "top Teamster
fits paid out to members.
bosses, n .continue to support their
A point that can be well taken habits.
here, is that the Teamsters with
On the other hand, if you care
an approximate membership of about your family, your future
two million, · has much of its and the future of La Causa, then
monies pending court decisions.
help The United Farm Workers
There also has been much of America strengthen their
complaint by Teamster members
Union.
regarding the fact that they are
' Help the Union achieve its
not receiving any or hardly any
goals, which include the betterof their benefits.
ment of working conditions and
If Teamster membership dues
the returning of the rights back
are not going out to their memto all agricultural workers in
bers, then where are they going?
these United States of America.
If one were to investigate, they
Kathy Torres
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.CHRISTMAS SPECIAL'
US still monolingual
by Rosemary Sojka
The u.s. has always felt pride
in being the "melting pot" of the
world.
A country that allows many
nationalities to enter and become
free, equal U.s. citizens.
Looking a ·bit closer, one can
easily find that equality is not
always there for the asking.
In spite of the diversity in
nationalities each witlJ its own
language, the U.S. stUl remains
one of the monolingual countries
in the world.
People generally can't find true
equality in the U.S. if they can't
speak, read or write in English.
Many children are handicapped
in our educational system, which
rarely recognizes any language
TACOMA ·10 host
media workshop
by Ernesto Moreno
The Television Advisory Committee of Mexican-Americans
(TACOMA) will be hosting a
Media Workshop Saturday, Nov.
15, from 12 noon to 5 p.m.
"The intent of the workshop is
to give the community an updated
report of T ACO!\f A activities
concerning the media. These activities include programs currently produced by TACOMA productions (La Comunidad del Valle
and Noticias En Total), and ETV
(educational television c~annel
18)," said Paul Rivera, TACOMA
chairperson.
"The · goals of the workshop
are to encourage persons from
the Spanish-speaking community
to participate within the various
media outlets: radio, television
and newspapers," continued the
concerned chairman.
Rivera said this would also
give the Spanish-speaking people
an opportunity to provide ide;is
and suggestions on programs
that deal with the Spanish-speaking.
Rivera feels there is a definite
need for more participation by
the Spanish-speaking community
in this golden opportunity, and
that participation will enable the
Mejicano/Chicano to voice their
concerns in programs they feel
are more relevant to the unique
You
will- be working from
until 11 p.m. Monday
through Friday. The pay is $2.10
5 p.m.
DISCOUNT
Upto 5% off
THE
\fe4
@
REPRESENTATIVE .
WILL BE HERE
UFWA still
seeking
supplies
Student sought for TV iob
El Concilio de Fresno is seeking an interested student to work
for a local television station.
Special Ring
but English, when they enter frustrated, loses his confidence
school with little or no capabiU- and self-esteem,_ an~ emotionaur
ties in this predominant language. drops out of school at an early
Spanish speaking students age.
,
(children) have long been recipiIt wasn't until about 10 years
ents of educational inequality.
ago that something was finally
When these children are exdone, federal funds are being
pected to learn and communicate
channeled to approximately 375
in a language unknown to them,
school systems, through the Biit is inevitable that they will fall
lingual Education Act.
behind both academically and soPrograms are being set up to
cially.
- give the largenumberofSpanishIn many instances seemingly,
speaking children an increase in
without any care or understandeducational opportunities.
ing of the language problems,
Under the bilingual approach,
Mexican-Americans have been
it's the schools that' make the adlabeled as slow learners, or
justment, not the child.
even as retarded and were conBilingual schools not only teach
tinued to be taught and treated
the children how to read, write
as such throughout the years.
and speak both Spanish and EnThe child himself becomes
glish, they also include bicultural
aspects which gives the child a
cultural awareness and pride in
the histoty and tradition of his/
her ancestral background.
The programs themselves are
progressive but unfortunately are
few and far between, presently
they only cover three per cent
of America's Spanish-speaking
· students.
Programs like this will always
cultural needs from the Chicano
be met with resistance and
perspective.
apathy; yet active public support
"This workshop is another opand letters to congressmen can
portunity, being that · this is the
help.
third workshop in a continuing
Changes aren't made until the
series, to inform the community
need for change is exposed, and
about the mass media," said the
even after that it sometimes
TACOMA chairman.
takes a great deal ofpressure.
"TACOMA has worked vigorWhy let all the little Johnnies
ously to open doors for the Spanbe the only ones who understand
ish-speaking within the field of
the teacher?
mass communication," Rivera
Why not give some little Ensaid. "It is up to the community
riques an equal helping hand?
to take advantage of this opportunity."
For the first time in the San
Joaquin Valley, the Spanishspeaking community can voice
their opinions to the various
newspapers, television and radio
stations, and know for a fact their
thought will be heard, he said.
The agenda of the workshop
will include such topics as the
following: history and goals of
TACOMA, community access to
the media, federal regulations
El Union de los Campesinos,
governing media, TACOMA ProUFWA, continues to seek supductions, community participaplies and other needed materials,
tion, and public service anto enable it to continue providing
nouncements.
services for its members.
Rivera stated all persons interested in attending the workAccording to union officials,
shop are welcome to do so. He
the Union is in a critical position
can be contacted at El Concilio
and needs essential supplies to
de Fresno, P. O. Box 10064,
maintain a viable program to
Fresno 93725, or reached at his
service the campesinos.
office at 233-3376 for more information •
Anyone wishing further information or who may want to donate
supplies to the Union, call either
the Health Clinic in Sanger or the
Union headquarters in Selma.
an hour.
For information contact Paul
Rivera at this number, 233THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3376. He can be reached daily
Published
five days a week except
after twelve noon.
'.101idays and examination periods by
This job opening must be filled
the Associated Students of California
State University, Fresno. Mail subimmediately, call now.
scriptions $12 a semest e r , $20 a
year. Editorial offi ce, Keat s Campus ·
Building, telephone 487-2486. Business and advertising office, Keats
Campus Building , teleph o ne 4872266.
LEGAL QUESTION?
Opinions expressed in Collegian
editorials and commentaries by guest
writers, are not nee es saril y those of
California · State University, Fresno
or the student body.
The CSUF
LEGAL ADVISEMENT COORDINATOR
is available to help students
resolve potential legal problems.
LA \"OZ DE :\ZTL:\N
Editor , . . . . . ERNESTO MORENO
Staff Writers: . . . . TOMAS URIBES,
MARIO GALVAN, ANGIE RIOS
Guest Writers: .. . . , Anna Noreiga,
Margaret Esparza
Photographers: . . . TOMAS URIBES,
ERIK STROM
Call 487-2741 for an appointment.
An Associatf'd Students funded program.
WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY,
NOVEMBER 5 & 6
ORDER NOW FOR CHRISTMAS
THE KENNEL
BOOKSTORE
in the heart of the campus
TUITION $40.00
When
and
Where
ENROLL NOW!
Sunday, November 23
Cal State, Fresno
Speech Arts - Room 153
Fresno
For more info.,
please call us at:
(213) 937-3820
Collect!
CSUF instructor
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
THE DAILY .COLLEGIAN-3
Former activist-:Chicanos must deal with issues
by Angie Rios
If Aztlan is a reality, La Raza
bas to iet back to the issues and
deal with them, says a CSUF instructor who has been with the
California Chicano movimlento
since it began.
Ysidro Macias, part-time La
Raza Studies instructor, said
dealing with personalities is not
the way of La Raza.
"La Raza has always been communal in acknowledging accompllshments, rather than singling
out individuals like the Anglo
has through .history," said the
31-year-old University of California, Berkeley graduate.
Macias has the dubious distinction of having received the
most severe sentence given to
any University of California student demonstrator in 1969.
He was actively involved in
the Third World Liberation Front
Strike at Berkeley in 1969, which
he said was only the second student strike in the history of UC
campuses. The reason for the
strike was to continue the struggle for developing La Raza Studies Program on the Berkeley
campus, which was the purpose
of the first student strike which
took place at San Francisco State.
It started Nov. 8, 1968 and lasted
until March of 1969.
The second longest strike at
the Berkeley campus, said Macias, lasted from Jan. 3, 1969
until March 15. The MexicanAmerican Student Confederation
(MASC), which was the recognized Chicano student organization on campus, negotiated with
the university, which Macias described as having a "typical alltalk-and-no-action administration."
Because of this, said Macias,
the students felt there was a need
for a strike and boycotting of
classes as well as other "unmentionables."
Macias said although there
were only about 50 Chicano students on the campus at that time,
and only about 30 took part in the
demonstrations, they were able
to get national attention. He said
even the Federation of Teachers
and other non-Chicano groups
like · the Academic Senate were
telling the university president
to "give in.•
The boyish-looking ·instructor
. from Soledad said the introduction of La Raza Studies programs _
into other universities was a
direct result of the strikes and
not of what he called "intellectual acknowledgements.•
After the strikes, Macias said
the students began to realize the
need for involvement with the
Chicano community. He said a
sort of vacuum developed and
students started joining organizations like MAPA and other
YSIDRIO MACIAS
community service organizations.
Another cause which contributed to the involvement of the
students with the community, said
Macias, was El Plan de Santa
Barbara in 1969, which was begun to develop better communication between Chicanos. This
in turn led to the development of
MECHA, he said.
Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan (MECHA) was
first introduced as a resolution
at the convention for El Plan de
Santa Barbara, said Macias, who
shied away from claiming credit
for coming up with the idea, but
did acknowledge he played a role
in its formation.
After the concept of MECHA
was adopted, Chicano student
groups all over started changing
their names and bylaws to mesh
with the new Chicano student
movement and more unification
was gained, said Macias.
Soon after this, Corky Gonzales, the well-known Chicano
activist and former boxer from
Colorado, began the Chicano
Youth Council in 1971, said Macias.
•Here was a coming together
of ideas from the stqdent element
and the street gang element,"
said the CSUF instructor. The
mixing of the two elements led
students to discover they weren't
as intellectual as they thought
and the street gangs found out
the students - weren't all venididos, he said.
Corky Gonzales also proposed
the Crusade for Justice, which
was a Colorado based operation
in '70-71, said Macias. He said
the conference was held which
produced the revival of the Proclamation of El Plan de Aztlan.
Micias said the conference allowed the Chicano to recognize
the history of the Aztecas as
being part of the Southwest and
not a separate entity outside
the U.S.
But the primary result of the
conference, said Macias, was the
discovery by the Chicano that
· they all had a lot 1n common.
Unification was the theme of El
Plan de Aztlan and the purpose
was to take knowledge and share
it, he said.
•During this time we became
wrapped up with beautiful energy,,, said Macias, ~motionally
recalling the memories, •se nos
prendio el foco," he smiled. •we
could have built a nation overnight, but realized we were
speaking of a long range goal."
Asked, after dismissing a
Tuesday morning class, if he
feels today's students are more
apathetic, he paused and thoughtfully answered that they are, but
first one should know what happened back a few years.
"The most important reason
(for the apathy) is the lack of a
struggle,• he said. "Too many
people feel there have been
enough gains. Why try for more?"
Macias adds what they fail to
see is that doors are not opened
offering opportunities.
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•struggles have to be made," he
said.
As an eXl:lmple he cited La
Raza Studies programs as being
a token of what Chicanos want.
•There should be more," he said.
Noting the CSUF Chicano program has no dep·artmental status
or a master's program, a limited
FTE and no budget of its own, he
said the reason can be attributed
to the fact people have not strug1gled enouJh. '
•After hav~ng gone through 1t
all, I want toe younger carnales
to continue to fight,• he said.
And he s1::es the futureChicano
students as carrying on the fight
with added advantage of understanding the problems at hand.
As for the contemporary student, he feels hls efforts are just
as important.
•They are faced with the strug!gle for a iOal and the question
is whether that goal ls for the
iindividual or for the community,•
1
he said.
•There is no contradiction
here, only a confusion caused by
the Anglo value of self before
community, which isn't true for
La Raza," said Macias. • As lndl vi duals we are part of the
mass, and as a community we
develop a harmony of aspirations."
The Because··C.Onlraceplor:·..
a remarkable birlh conliol in~nlion
conlaining sit uses of medically
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urul. N"Jt.hing else is needed
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,.:::=
4-THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
Chicano radio shows
(Continued from Page 1)
on camp'f.Js as we can," Lucas
said of the station's attitude.
"We're funded by the Associated Students so we should be
am enable to all the students who
put money into that account."
Guzman, whose practical experience includes working for
Fresno's KXEX and Tulare's
KCOK, was asked by Lucas in a
radio class if he would like to
take an hour and a half slot of
Spanish broadcasting.
"They didn't know much about
Spanish music," he said. •1 told
them I'd play modern music, the
best. They said •sure, whatever
you want to do.' "
Primarily the show is done in
Spanish, but Guzman will occa- ,
sionally revert to English to accommodate the English-speaking
audience. Some regular KFSR
programming is aired during his
show, such as English news re- ·
ports and the Captain Marvel
series.
When Guzman first started
broadcasting at KFSR, the station
had no Mexican music so he had
to bring his own. He has since
been assisted by Paulita Rocha
of zarape Records in Fresno, who
has donated 45 rpm and 33 LP
discs.
"When a potential best seller
comes in she passes itontome,"
said Guzman. "She's helped us
a lot."
The music consists of current
popular tunes that would be playing on any other Spanish broadcasting station, such as Los
Freddys, Ray Barreto, Joe Ba-
Gomez hired
(Continued from Page 1)
Adelitas.
She, along with fellow FCC
counselor Frank Quintana, was
instrumental in the inception and
continuance of the Chicano Youth
Conference (an attempt to encourage Chicano students to continue their education in college).
•Each year the conference
seems to grow bigger with greater involvement from more high
school students around the San
Joaquin Valley," said Mrs. Gomez.
She said the Chicano enrollment at FCC anounted to about 10
per cent of the student population,
yet she feels there should be
more Chicano students in college
and the Chicano Youth Conference
is one way of communicating
with the students and getting them
there.
The concerned Chicana stated
that one of her goals is to initiate
a plan where classified staff,
such as clerical, could come under Affirmative Action.
According to Mrs. Gomez,
there must be a continued increase of Chicanos hired each
year by the university. She said
she doesn't anticipate any form
of resistance from the school administration.
"I only want to do my job the
way it calls for and I expect
cooperation from the administra. tion," said Gomez.
One other thing that Celia Gomez would like to get invoived
in is the admissions process of
various programs on this campus, such as Allied Health Department, Physical Therapy and
Recreation. She feels that there
are many Chicanos who are well
qualifed for these programs, but
are not selected.
She said she is willing to work
with the students on this campus,
saying that• communication ls the
only way for the students here
to find out where I'm coming
from.•
.....,
Studio Apt. furnished $11 O. Cal I
431-6878.
taan, WUlie ~olon, Cal Tjader,
Vicente Fernandez and Juan Gabriel, said Guzma,n .
He said not only do they welcome phoned-in requests but will
also accept donated records for
their •Spanish library," or will
tape records brought in to him.
•we'll pl~ requests as long as
we have it," he said. He added
s..tudents may also call to seek
information on the radio operation and how they can participate.
•1 wish my show could be done
all in Spanish, n he said. •But I
was told there aren'tmanyMexicans on campus who would benefit."
However, he said he wouldn't
mind English if it would at least
Orozco: bilingual
(Continued from Page 1)
gual professor does have to do
much more work but should not
take up more time, for whatever
is introduced to the Chicano child
in one language can be translated
to the other by the child, he said.
Of course, there are the grammar essentials, and . these will
take up moretime,addedOrozco. ·
He said that a bilingual teacher
has to work much harder for he/
she has to look at his teaching
from both angles.
•El hablar espanol es un recurso que se tira," said Orozco,
singling out the point that a good
bilingual-bicultural program is
one that, through the use of both
languages as media for the instruction, permits the children
to reach the outer limits of their
potential in two languages and in
two or more cultures.
When asked what type of input
he wanted from the students,
Orozco replied the · best way the
students on this campus could
help is to get involved in their
comites.
"Yo creo que ya oi la voz del
estudiante," said Orozco.
"Y el apoyo necesario viene
de los comites en que ellos trabajan. Yo soy optimistico," said
Orozco, "y se, que si se puede."
attract more Chicanos interested
in working on news programming
and provide different voices.
•rt's very hard for a Chicano
to go out and get a job as an
English-speaking DJ," said Guzman. •If a Chicano learns to run
a show, and gets his license, he
can go to just about any of the
Chicano radio stations. They'll
hire you right away. Now, they
have to hire two - an Anglo who
knows the technical end and a
Chicano to do the Spanish."
Guzman said he had been approached by·student leaders about
expanding the program to include
coverage of issues pertinent to
Chicano students.
That show finally materialized
last Tuesday, thanks to the efforts
of Marquez and second-semester
student Diane Rivera, a transfer
from San Joaquin Delta in Stockton.
After broadcasting a similar
show at the University of Pacific
while living in Stockton, Rivera
raised the issue at a MECHA
meeting this fall at CSUF.
Since Marquez, like Guzman,
had been approached by Lucas
in his Radio 41 class, he was able
to implement this idea into a twohour slot offered him.
"I didn't know Al was doing
the Spanish show," he said, •but
when I heard of the slot openings, I thought I'd like to try a
different angle.
"Since I'm on prime time, I
didn't want to give the public too
much Chicano music at once," he
said. "I'll play Top 40 English
music and slowly implement
Latin music into the program as
it progresses."
The radio-television m a j or
would also like to see more Chicano students contribute to the
shows in the way of a community
news format with guest speakers,
but presently he is still establishing himself.
He said what they need is publicity and he plans to distribute
flyers promoting the shows.
Anyone desiring to contribute
to the programs should contact
either Guzman or Marquez by
calling 487-2655 when they are on
the air or at MECHA meetings
every Thursday at noon 1n the
cafeteria's International Room.
Calendario Bicentinario
(Continued from Page 1)
calls for creation of new nation
of Aztlan from New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado and
Texas.
that a body was found murdered
near her hut.
14th, 1970: Los Angeles National Chicano Moritorium office raided and three Chicanos
are severly beaten' on grounds
that a man accosted the police.
The man later confessed to being
a paid government provocateur.
10th, 1927: Los AngelesFederation of Mexican Societies
calls for its member "mutualistas" and "beneficiencias" to aid
the organizing of Chicano trade
unions.
11th, 1922: Weslaco, Texas - Elias Zarate is lynched after he
is arrested for fist fighting with
an Anglo.
12th, 1882: Tucson - The Teatro Cervantes, a theatre built
to house Mexican performing
companies, opens with a Spanishlanguage play performed by the
de Molla Company.
13th, 1863: Patricio, Texas Chipita Rodrigues, believed to be
the only woman hanged in Texas,
was executed. Her case was decided on circumstantial evidence
T.R. meeting
7:30 p.m. - Trabajadores de
La Raza will meet in CU 304.
15th, 1969: Tucson - Chicano
militants force teachers meeting
in Southwest Council onBilingual
Education to pass resolutions
condemning the "racist educational system."
16th, 1832: Monterey - Captain Augustin Zamorano warns
authorities in Mexico City that
Mexico's week hold on California is encouraging moves by Californios to make California independent from Mexico.
17th, 1917: Los Angeles"La Gaceta", a bilingual monthly
published until 1924, founded.
18th, 1922: NewYork -ANew
York Times editorial says in
Texas "the killing of Mexicans
is so common as to pass almost
unnoticed."
Theatre 3 presents
One of the most popular and comp~ 11 i ng comedy-dramas of our time
from the Ken Kesey nove 1 .
October 10-11, .15-16-17-18, 22-23-24-25, 29-30-31
Noverrber 1, 5-6-7-8,_ 12-13-14-15, 19-20-21-22
8: 30 p.m .
Group rates also available.
For tickets-Call
486-3381
Special student rates on Wednesdays and Thursdays.
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SHOWS:
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por Mario Galvan
Si se presenta un base solido
de estudio, podriamos tener un
programa de educacion bilingue
en esta institucion para el proximo ano dijo el Prof. Cecilio
Orozco, coordinator of bilingual
studies in the School of Education.
"Yo ni programa tengo," says
Orozco. "Aun no hay program a de
educacion bilingue en Fresno."
Dr. o rozco contends in an area
such as this, where there is a
large percentage of MexicoAmericanos, it is ridiculous that
a bilingual program has not been
established. He also emphasized
he is working on establishing
one at CSUF.
Orozco came from New Mexico
Highlands University where he
was director of the Bilingual
Teacher and Teacher Training
Institutue. He was also a profesor at La Uni versidad Autonama de Guadalajara, Jalisco en
Mexico.
He received his B.A. and M.A.
'degrees from Northern Arizona
University and his PhD from the
program within ·year?
University of New Mexico.
"Yo voy a proponer el programa,i' says Orozco. "There
needs to be an in-depth study on
a Bilingual Preparation Program."
Orozco said for a long time
many Chicanos were accustomed
to inventing a study off the top of
their heads, but now, "estamos en
dos pasos de educacion," emphasizing the fact tl}e Chicano is
an educated individual who is
capable of doing anything he sets
his mind to.
•Yo agradezco mucho los esfuerzos de otros quienes pelearon para obtener lo presente,"
dijo Orozco. Indicating the fact
he is appreciative of those who
struggled for what we have
gained, but now there is a need
for "realistic" efforts.
"If we conceive a realistic
program it w111 get approval,"
said Orozco. "Realistic in the
sense that it is founded on indepth research studies."
"Yo voy a proponer el programa," said Orozco, adding his
proposal contains three major
objectives:
I. Introducing a multiple subjects credential program for
undergrads, a four yearprogram
developing courses with this objective in mind.
II. Getting a five year credential program for the undergraduate student.
For this particular objective,
the groundwork has been set by
departments such as La Raza
Studies, Spanish, Bilingual Studies, and the Education Department, said Orozco. "They have
submitted a proposal to Sacramento and we should be getting
an appraisal by the seventh of
this month," he said.
Ill. Then finally, there is the
Masters Program in Education
that would include the Bilingual
Cross-Cultural Specialist Credential, which is contingent on
the second point, statedOrozco.
"Yo estoy optimistico," excalmo Orozco. "Y se necesita
coordinar los esfuerzos de
todos."
Orozco went on to add a bilin(Continued on Page 4, Col. 2)
CECE LIO OROZCO
LA vaz
>
- DE AZTLAN
Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1975
LXXX/45
A special
edi -tion of
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
California State University, Fresno
Calendc;l'rio Bicentinario
1846 Natividad
Battle recalled
PAUL MARQUEZ
ALFONSO GUZMA_N
KFSR broadcasting Chicano shows
by Tom Uribes
Disc-jocks Alfonso Guzman
and Paul Marquez are competing
with the Maytag repairman for
the title of •Lonliest Man in
Town." But, hopefully, not for
long.
· "We hardly get calls from any
people," says Guzman, with a
toothy grin from under a bushy
moustache.
His weekly hour and a half
radio show featuring bilingual
broadcasting and Mexican music
on KFSR is one of two Chicanooriented programs now aired on
the campus_radio.
Guzman's show, which has been
on the air only a month, can be
heard every Thursday morning
from 8:30 to 10.
Last Tuesday he was joined by
junior Paul Marquez who made
his debut featuring Top40American hits interspersed with occasional Chicano music. He may
be heard on Tuesday evenings
from 8 t 10 p.m.
KFSR is carried only on campus, in the College Union and the
dormitories.
"We need response to keep the
show," said Guzman. "Callers_
are the ones that are going to
help decide whether we stay on
the air."
Both are students of radio
broadcasting instructor Richard
Lucas, J<;FSR's adviser.
"We're a service and we want
to brinP,' as much programming
for the wide variety of students
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 1)
Gomez to head AA
CSUF will welcome Celia
Gomez as the new Affirmative
Action Officer for the university
this month.
Mrs. Gomez will take over the
position vacated by Andy Alva- '
rado, who is taking a leave of
absence.
She has been a counselor at·
Fresno City College since 1970.
Her position, at the time, was
called for by students' request
for a Chicana counselor on the
FCC campus.
At City College the Chicana
educator is known for involvement with FCC students, in th-at
she is active with MECHA and
is the current sponsor of Las
(Continued on Page 4 1 Col. 1)
This article is the second in
a series that lists the contributions and misfortunes of La Raza
within the United States of
America.
Monthly highlight - On Novem ber 14, 1846 U.S. Army troops
under Capt. John C. Fremont
fought insurgent Californios under Jose Antonio Chavez in the
Battle -of Natividad in Northern
California.
Californio guerrilias had overthrown U.S. occupation forces in
Southern California and forced
Commodore Robert F.Stockton's
forces into Los Angeles harbor.
Chavez's fighters were sent
north to capture Thomas A.
Larkin, an anglo merchant who
doubled as a spy for the United
States government before the
war.
The Californios captured Larkin at a ranch in which he was
hiding in the Salinas Valley and
then moved to Fremont's California B.atallion, which was headed
for Monterey with 300 horses
taken from Sacramento.
A hard-fought battle was waged
20 miles from Monterey and
several men were killed and
wounded on both sides. The battle
eflded when both sides ran out of
ammunition.
Fremont's troops r~treated to
San Juan and the Californios,
their m is s ion accomplished,
headed back south_with Larkin as
hostage.
The battle, unreported in most
history books, significantly delayed Fremont's march to southern California with reinforcements and Stockton was forced
to retreat from Los Angeles to
San Diego.
NOVEMBER
CELIA GOMEZ,
5th, 1904: San Antonio - After making contact with Chicano
groups, Richardo Flores Magon
publishes the first issue of "Regeneracion" in the United States.
6th, 1971: Denver - An estimated 1,000 Chicanos march in
protest against the Indo-China
war.
7th, 1970: San Francisco
- Los Siete acquitted of murder
charges after 18 months in jail.
8th, 1519: Mexico - Hernan
Cortes first , enters Tenochtitlan
(now Mexico City) and is courteously received ·by the Aztec
leader Moctezuma II.
- 9th, 1969: New Mexico -Seventh annual Alianza Convention
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 4)
Americans
favor Chavez
NEW YORK (AP) - By a 45-7
margin the American people
sympathize with Cesar Chavez's
United Farm Workers in its Jurisdictional fight with the Teamsters union over who should represent workers in California, the
Harris Poll reported Monday.
Chavez's union was favored by
34-29 per cent over the farm
operators, ·with 37 per cent neutral or unsure.
The Harris organization said
17 million adults have stopped
buying grapes, 14 million have
stopped buying lettuce and 11
million have boycotted Gallo wine
in the California controversy.
"Basic to the appeal of Chavez
and his cause," the Harris poll
said, •is the widely held view that
farm workers are paid below
average wages. The public places
farm workers' pay as the lowest
of 25 industries mentioned."
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
2-THE DAllY COLLEGIAN
letter to the editor
Where do
union dues go?
would see that administrative
Editor:
Chavez s1, Teamsters Nol, a. salari,s are gobbling up much of
chant heard from UFW A (United , the money.
Many people do not realize that
Farm Workers of America) supthe •top Teamster bosses," inporters, is heard for more reacluding Teamster President
sons than "the public realizes.
Frank Fitzsimmons, the Secreone issue that concerns the
tary-Treasurer, and 14 Viceworkers, is that of Union dues
presidents receive approximately
that are being paid by the mem$425,000 in salaries alone. This
bers for benefits, services, and
does not include their personal
job security.
cars, all-expense paid trips for
Union dues are the bargaining
themselves and their wives, plus
link between union members and
all secretarial help and services
their respective unions.
which they deem necessary.
The UFWA, as adopte·d by the
Teamster monies are also used
first Constitutional Convent!on on
to employ and pay annual salaries .
September 23, 1973, established
to other "boss family members."
that two per cent of the memOf the sixteen top bosses, each
. ber's pay checks will constitute
has at least one member of his
the needed union dues.
family on the payroll (a brother,
The Teamsters established that
wife, and/or children), receiving .
. eicht dollars per month would
anywhere from $1,700 to $78,000
suffice as the membership dues
in salaries.
and guarantee union benefits.
Whereas, the United Farm
The question is, "where does
Workers, no matter what their
the money go?''
position, have a weekly salary of
In 1974 the UFWA paid out
five dollars each.
$1.14 million in medical plans to
In conclusio11, I would like to
its membership,_ the year before
leave you, the reader, a few
that the Farm Workers Union
thoughts to ponder.
spent $1.4 million in medical.exIf you do not care about how
penses for its members.
your Union dues are spent, such
The Teamsters have refused to as supplementing the extravagant
announce any estimation ofbenelife styles of the "top Teamster
fits paid out to members.
bosses, n .continue to support their
A point that can be well taken habits.
here, is that the Teamsters with
On the other hand, if you care
an approximate membership of about your family, your future
two million, · has much of its and the future of La Causa, then
monies pending court decisions.
help The United Farm Workers
There also has been much of America strengthen their
complaint by Teamster members
Union.
regarding the fact that they are
' Help the Union achieve its
not receiving any or hardly any
goals, which include the betterof their benefits.
ment of working conditions and
If Teamster membership dues
the returning of the rights back
are not going out to their memto all agricultural workers in
bers, then where are they going?
these United States of America.
If one were to investigate, they
Kathy Torres
MANUKIAN'S
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.CHRISTMAS SPECIAL'
US still monolingual
by Rosemary Sojka
The u.s. has always felt pride
in being the "melting pot" of the
world.
A country that allows many
nationalities to enter and become
free, equal U.s. citizens.
Looking a ·bit closer, one can
easily find that equality is not
always there for the asking.
In spite of the diversity in
nationalities each witlJ its own
language, the U.S. stUl remains
one of the monolingual countries
in the world.
People generally can't find true
equality in the U.S. if they can't
speak, read or write in English.
Many children are handicapped
in our educational system, which
rarely recognizes any language
TACOMA ·10 host
media workshop
by Ernesto Moreno
The Television Advisory Committee of Mexican-Americans
(TACOMA) will be hosting a
Media Workshop Saturday, Nov.
15, from 12 noon to 5 p.m.
"The intent of the workshop is
to give the community an updated
report of T ACO!\f A activities
concerning the media. These activities include programs currently produced by TACOMA productions (La Comunidad del Valle
and Noticias En Total), and ETV
(educational television c~annel
18)," said Paul Rivera, TACOMA
chairperson.
"The · goals of the workshop
are to encourage persons from
the Spanish-speaking community
to participate within the various
media outlets: radio, television
and newspapers," continued the
concerned chairman.
Rivera said this would also
give the Spanish-speaking people
an opportunity to provide ide;is
and suggestions on programs
that deal with the Spanish-speaking.
Rivera feels there is a definite
need for more participation by
the Spanish-speaking community
in this golden opportunity, and
that participation will enable the
Mejicano/Chicano to voice their
concerns in programs they feel
are more relevant to the unique
You
will- be working from
until 11 p.m. Monday
through Friday. The pay is $2.10
5 p.m.
DISCOUNT
Upto 5% off
THE
\fe4
@
REPRESENTATIVE .
WILL BE HERE
UFWA still
seeking
supplies
Student sought for TV iob
El Concilio de Fresno is seeking an interested student to work
for a local television station.
Special Ring
but English, when they enter frustrated, loses his confidence
school with little or no capabiU- and self-esteem,_ an~ emotionaur
ties in this predominant language. drops out of school at an early
Spanish speaking students age.
,
(children) have long been recipiIt wasn't until about 10 years
ents of educational inequality.
ago that something was finally
When these children are exdone, federal funds are being
pected to learn and communicate
channeled to approximately 375
in a language unknown to them,
school systems, through the Biit is inevitable that they will fall
lingual Education Act.
behind both academically and soPrograms are being set up to
cially.
- give the largenumberofSpanishIn many instances seemingly,
speaking children an increase in
without any care or understandeducational opportunities.
ing of the language problems,
Under the bilingual approach,
Mexican-Americans have been
it's the schools that' make the adlabeled as slow learners, or
justment, not the child.
even as retarded and were conBilingual schools not only teach
tinued to be taught and treated
the children how to read, write
as such throughout the years.
and speak both Spanish and EnThe child himself becomes
glish, they also include bicultural
aspects which gives the child a
cultural awareness and pride in
the histoty and tradition of his/
her ancestral background.
The programs themselves are
progressive but unfortunately are
few and far between, presently
they only cover three per cent
of America's Spanish-speaking
· students.
Programs like this will always
cultural needs from the Chicano
be met with resistance and
perspective.
apathy; yet active public support
"This workshop is another opand letters to congressmen can
portunity, being that · this is the
help.
third workshop in a continuing
Changes aren't made until the
series, to inform the community
need for change is exposed, and
about the mass media," said the
even after that it sometimes
TACOMA chairman.
takes a great deal ofpressure.
"TACOMA has worked vigorWhy let all the little Johnnies
ously to open doors for the Spanbe the only ones who understand
ish-speaking within the field of
the teacher?
mass communication," Rivera
Why not give some little Ensaid. "It is up to the community
riques an equal helping hand?
to take advantage of this opportunity."
For the first time in the San
Joaquin Valley, the Spanishspeaking community can voice
their opinions to the various
newspapers, television and radio
stations, and know for a fact their
thought will be heard, he said.
The agenda of the workshop
will include such topics as the
following: history and goals of
TACOMA, community access to
the media, federal regulations
El Union de los Campesinos,
governing media, TACOMA ProUFWA, continues to seek supductions, community participaplies and other needed materials,
tion, and public service anto enable it to continue providing
nouncements.
services for its members.
Rivera stated all persons interested in attending the workAccording to union officials,
shop are welcome to do so. He
the Union is in a critical position
can be contacted at El Concilio
and needs essential supplies to
de Fresno, P. O. Box 10064,
maintain a viable program to
Fresno 93725, or reached at his
service the campesinos.
office at 233-3376 for more information •
Anyone wishing further information or who may want to donate
supplies to the Union, call either
the Health Clinic in Sanger or the
Union headquarters in Selma.
an hour.
For information contact Paul
Rivera at this number, 233THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3376. He can be reached daily
Published
five days a week except
after twelve noon.
'.101idays and examination periods by
This job opening must be filled
the Associated Students of California
State University, Fresno. Mail subimmediately, call now.
scriptions $12 a semest e r , $20 a
year. Editorial offi ce, Keat s Campus ·
Building, telephone 487-2486. Business and advertising office, Keats
Campus Building , teleph o ne 4872266.
LEGAL QUESTION?
Opinions expressed in Collegian
editorials and commentaries by guest
writers, are not nee es saril y those of
California · State University, Fresno
or the student body.
The CSUF
LEGAL ADVISEMENT COORDINATOR
is available to help students
resolve potential legal problems.
LA \"OZ DE :\ZTL:\N
Editor , . . . . . ERNESTO MORENO
Staff Writers: . . . . TOMAS URIBES,
MARIO GALVAN, ANGIE RIOS
Guest Writers: .. . . , Anna Noreiga,
Margaret Esparza
Photographers: . . . TOMAS URIBES,
ERIK STROM
Call 487-2741 for an appointment.
An Associatf'd Students funded program.
WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY,
NOVEMBER 5 & 6
ORDER NOW FOR CHRISTMAS
THE KENNEL
BOOKSTORE
in the heart of the campus
TUITION $40.00
When
and
Where
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Sunday, November 23
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CSUF instructor
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
THE DAILY .COLLEGIAN-3
Former activist-:Chicanos must deal with issues
by Angie Rios
If Aztlan is a reality, La Raza
bas to iet back to the issues and
deal with them, says a CSUF instructor who has been with the
California Chicano movimlento
since it began.
Ysidro Macias, part-time La
Raza Studies instructor, said
dealing with personalities is not
the way of La Raza.
"La Raza has always been communal in acknowledging accompllshments, rather than singling
out individuals like the Anglo
has through .history," said the
31-year-old University of California, Berkeley graduate.
Macias has the dubious distinction of having received the
most severe sentence given to
any University of California student demonstrator in 1969.
He was actively involved in
the Third World Liberation Front
Strike at Berkeley in 1969, which
he said was only the second student strike in the history of UC
campuses. The reason for the
strike was to continue the struggle for developing La Raza Studies Program on the Berkeley
campus, which was the purpose
of the first student strike which
took place at San Francisco State.
It started Nov. 8, 1968 and lasted
until March of 1969.
The second longest strike at
the Berkeley campus, said Macias, lasted from Jan. 3, 1969
until March 15. The MexicanAmerican Student Confederation
(MASC), which was the recognized Chicano student organization on campus, negotiated with
the university, which Macias described as having a "typical alltalk-and-no-action administration."
Because of this, said Macias,
the students felt there was a need
for a strike and boycotting of
classes as well as other "unmentionables."
Macias said although there
were only about 50 Chicano students on the campus at that time,
and only about 30 took part in the
demonstrations, they were able
to get national attention. He said
even the Federation of Teachers
and other non-Chicano groups
like · the Academic Senate were
telling the university president
to "give in.•
The boyish-looking ·instructor
. from Soledad said the introduction of La Raza Studies programs _
into other universities was a
direct result of the strikes and
not of what he called "intellectual acknowledgements.•
After the strikes, Macias said
the students began to realize the
need for involvement with the
Chicano community. He said a
sort of vacuum developed and
students started joining organizations like MAPA and other
YSIDRIO MACIAS
community service organizations.
Another cause which contributed to the involvement of the
students with the community, said
Macias, was El Plan de Santa
Barbara in 1969, which was begun to develop better communication between Chicanos. This
in turn led to the development of
MECHA, he said.
Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan (MECHA) was
first introduced as a resolution
at the convention for El Plan de
Santa Barbara, said Macias, who
shied away from claiming credit
for coming up with the idea, but
did acknowledge he played a role
in its formation.
After the concept of MECHA
was adopted, Chicano student
groups all over started changing
their names and bylaws to mesh
with the new Chicano student
movement and more unification
was gained, said Macias.
Soon after this, Corky Gonzales, the well-known Chicano
activist and former boxer from
Colorado, began the Chicano
Youth Council in 1971, said Macias.
•Here was a coming together
of ideas from the stqdent element
and the street gang element,"
said the CSUF instructor. The
mixing of the two elements led
students to discover they weren't
as intellectual as they thought
and the street gangs found out
the students - weren't all venididos, he said.
Corky Gonzales also proposed
the Crusade for Justice, which
was a Colorado based operation
in '70-71, said Macias. He said
the conference was held which
produced the revival of the Proclamation of El Plan de Aztlan.
Micias said the conference allowed the Chicano to recognize
the history of the Aztecas as
being part of the Southwest and
not a separate entity outside
the U.S.
But the primary result of the
conference, said Macias, was the
discovery by the Chicano that
· they all had a lot 1n common.
Unification was the theme of El
Plan de Aztlan and the purpose
was to take knowledge and share
it, he said.
•During this time we became
wrapped up with beautiful energy,,, said Macias, ~motionally
recalling the memories, •se nos
prendio el foco," he smiled. •we
could have built a nation overnight, but realized we were
speaking of a long range goal."
Asked, after dismissing a
Tuesday morning class, if he
feels today's students are more
apathetic, he paused and thoughtfully answered that they are, but
first one should know what happened back a few years.
"The most important reason
(for the apathy) is the lack of a
struggle,• he said. "Too many
people feel there have been
enough gains. Why try for more?"
Macias adds what they fail to
see is that doors are not opened
offering opportunities.
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•struggles have to be made," he
said.
As an eXl:lmple he cited La
Raza Studies programs as being
a token of what Chicanos want.
•There should be more," he said.
Noting the CSUF Chicano program has no dep·artmental status
or a master's program, a limited
FTE and no budget of its own, he
said the reason can be attributed
to the fact people have not strug1gled enouJh. '
•After hav~ng gone through 1t
all, I want toe younger carnales
to continue to fight,• he said.
And he s1::es the futureChicano
students as carrying on the fight
with added advantage of understanding the problems at hand.
As for the contemporary student, he feels hls efforts are just
as important.
•They are faced with the strug!gle for a iOal and the question
is whether that goal ls for the
iindividual or for the community,•
1
he said.
•There is no contradiction
here, only a confusion caused by
the Anglo value of self before
community, which isn't true for
La Raza," said Macias. • As lndl vi duals we are part of the
mass, and as a community we
develop a harmony of aspirations."
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conlaining sit uses of medically
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,.:::=
4-THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
Chicano radio shows
(Continued from Page 1)
on camp'f.Js as we can," Lucas
said of the station's attitude.
"We're funded by the Associated Students so we should be
am enable to all the students who
put money into that account."
Guzman, whose practical experience includes working for
Fresno's KXEX and Tulare's
KCOK, was asked by Lucas in a
radio class if he would like to
take an hour and a half slot of
Spanish broadcasting.
"They didn't know much about
Spanish music," he said. •1 told
them I'd play modern music, the
best. They said •sure, whatever
you want to do.' "
Primarily the show is done in
Spanish, but Guzman will occa- ,
sionally revert to English to accommodate the English-speaking
audience. Some regular KFSR
programming is aired during his
show, such as English news re- ·
ports and the Captain Marvel
series.
When Guzman first started
broadcasting at KFSR, the station
had no Mexican music so he had
to bring his own. He has since
been assisted by Paulita Rocha
of zarape Records in Fresno, who
has donated 45 rpm and 33 LP
discs.
"When a potential best seller
comes in she passes itontome,"
said Guzman. "She's helped us
a lot."
The music consists of current
popular tunes that would be playing on any other Spanish broadcasting station, such as Los
Freddys, Ray Barreto, Joe Ba-
Gomez hired
(Continued from Page 1)
Adelitas.
She, along with fellow FCC
counselor Frank Quintana, was
instrumental in the inception and
continuance of the Chicano Youth
Conference (an attempt to encourage Chicano students to continue their education in college).
•Each year the conference
seems to grow bigger with greater involvement from more high
school students around the San
Joaquin Valley," said Mrs. Gomez.
She said the Chicano enrollment at FCC anounted to about 10
per cent of the student population,
yet she feels there should be
more Chicano students in college
and the Chicano Youth Conference
is one way of communicating
with the students and getting them
there.
The concerned Chicana stated
that one of her goals is to initiate
a plan where classified staff,
such as clerical, could come under Affirmative Action.
According to Mrs. Gomez,
there must be a continued increase of Chicanos hired each
year by the university. She said
she doesn't anticipate any form
of resistance from the school administration.
"I only want to do my job the
way it calls for and I expect
cooperation from the administra. tion," said Gomez.
One other thing that Celia Gomez would like to get invoived
in is the admissions process of
various programs on this campus, such as Allied Health Department, Physical Therapy and
Recreation. She feels that there
are many Chicanos who are well
qualifed for these programs, but
are not selected.
She said she is willing to work
with the students on this campus,
saying that• communication ls the
only way for the students here
to find out where I'm coming
from.•
.....,
Studio Apt. furnished $11 O. Cal I
431-6878.
taan, WUlie ~olon, Cal Tjader,
Vicente Fernandez and Juan Gabriel, said Guzma,n .
He said not only do they welcome phoned-in requests but will
also accept donated records for
their •Spanish library," or will
tape records brought in to him.
•we'll pl~ requests as long as
we have it," he said. He added
s..tudents may also call to seek
information on the radio operation and how they can participate.
•1 wish my show could be done
all in Spanish, n he said. •But I
was told there aren'tmanyMexicans on campus who would benefit."
However, he said he wouldn't
mind English if it would at least
Orozco: bilingual
(Continued from Page 1)
gual professor does have to do
much more work but should not
take up more time, for whatever
is introduced to the Chicano child
in one language can be translated
to the other by the child, he said.
Of course, there are the grammar essentials, and . these will
take up moretime,addedOrozco. ·
He said that a bilingual teacher
has to work much harder for he/
she has to look at his teaching
from both angles.
•El hablar espanol es un recurso que se tira," said Orozco,
singling out the point that a good
bilingual-bicultural program is
one that, through the use of both
languages as media for the instruction, permits the children
to reach the outer limits of their
potential in two languages and in
two or more cultures.
When asked what type of input
he wanted from the students,
Orozco replied the · best way the
students on this campus could
help is to get involved in their
comites.
"Yo creo que ya oi la voz del
estudiante," said Orozco.
"Y el apoyo necesario viene
de los comites en que ellos trabajan. Yo soy optimistico," said
Orozco, "y se, que si se puede."
attract more Chicanos interested
in working on news programming
and provide different voices.
•rt's very hard for a Chicano
to go out and get a job as an
English-speaking DJ," said Guzman. •If a Chicano learns to run
a show, and gets his license, he
can go to just about any of the
Chicano radio stations. They'll
hire you right away. Now, they
have to hire two - an Anglo who
knows the technical end and a
Chicano to do the Spanish."
Guzman said he had been approached by·student leaders about
expanding the program to include
coverage of issues pertinent to
Chicano students.
That show finally materialized
last Tuesday, thanks to the efforts
of Marquez and second-semester
student Diane Rivera, a transfer
from San Joaquin Delta in Stockton.
After broadcasting a similar
show at the University of Pacific
while living in Stockton, Rivera
raised the issue at a MECHA
meeting this fall at CSUF.
Since Marquez, like Guzman,
had been approached by Lucas
in his Radio 41 class, he was able
to implement this idea into a twohour slot offered him.
"I didn't know Al was doing
the Spanish show," he said, •but
when I heard of the slot openings, I thought I'd like to try a
different angle.
"Since I'm on prime time, I
didn't want to give the public too
much Chicano music at once," he
said. "I'll play Top 40 English
music and slowly implement
Latin music into the program as
it progresses."
The radio-television m a j or
would also like to see more Chicano students contribute to the
shows in the way of a community
news format with guest speakers,
but presently he is still establishing himself.
He said what they need is publicity and he plans to distribute
flyers promoting the shows.
Anyone desiring to contribute
to the programs should contact
either Guzman or Marquez by
calling 487-2655 when they are on
the air or at MECHA meetings
every Thursday at noon 1n the
cafeteria's International Room.
Calendario Bicentinario
(Continued from Page 1)
calls for creation of new nation
of Aztlan from New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado and
Texas.
that a body was found murdered
near her hut.
14th, 1970: Los Angeles National Chicano Moritorium office raided and three Chicanos
are severly beaten' on grounds
that a man accosted the police.
The man later confessed to being
a paid government provocateur.
10th, 1927: Los AngelesFederation of Mexican Societies
calls for its member "mutualistas" and "beneficiencias" to aid
the organizing of Chicano trade
unions.
11th, 1922: Weslaco, Texas - Elias Zarate is lynched after he
is arrested for fist fighting with
an Anglo.
12th, 1882: Tucson - The Teatro Cervantes, a theatre built
to house Mexican performing
companies, opens with a Spanishlanguage play performed by the
de Molla Company.
13th, 1863: Patricio, Texas Chipita Rodrigues, believed to be
the only woman hanged in Texas,
was executed. Her case was decided on circumstantial evidence
T.R. meeting
7:30 p.m. - Trabajadores de
La Raza will meet in CU 304.
15th, 1969: Tucson - Chicano
militants force teachers meeting
in Southwest Council onBilingual
Education to pass resolutions
condemning the "racist educational system."
16th, 1832: Monterey - Captain Augustin Zamorano warns
authorities in Mexico City that
Mexico's week hold on California is encouraging moves by Californios to make California independent from Mexico.
17th, 1917: Los Angeles"La Gaceta", a bilingual monthly
published until 1924, founded.
18th, 1922: NewYork -ANew
York Times editorial says in
Texas "the killing of Mexicans
is so common as to pass almost
unnoticed."
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Group rates also available.
For tickets-Call
486-3381
Special student rates on Wednesdays and Thursdays.
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CSUF bilingual
por Mario Galvan
Si se presenta un base solido
de estudio, podriamos tener un
programa de educacion bilingue
en esta institucion para el proximo ano dijo el Prof. Cecilio
Orozco, coordinator of bilingual
studies in the School of Education.
"Yo ni programa tengo," says
Orozco. "Aun no hay program a de
educacion bilingue en Fresno."
Dr. o rozco contends in an area
such as this, where there is a
large percentage of MexicoAmericanos, it is ridiculous that
a bilingual program has not been
established. He also emphasized
he is working on establishing
one at CSUF.
Orozco came from New Mexico
Highlands University where he
was director of the Bilingual
Teacher and Teacher Training
Institutue. He was also a profesor at La Uni versidad Autonama de Guadalajara, Jalisco en
Mexico.
He received his B.A. and M.A.
'degrees from Northern Arizona
University and his PhD from the
program within ·year?
University of New Mexico.
"Yo voy a proponer el programa,i' says Orozco. "There
needs to be an in-depth study on
a Bilingual Preparation Program."
Orozco said for a long time
many Chicanos were accustomed
to inventing a study off the top of
their heads, but now, "estamos en
dos pasos de educacion," emphasizing the fact tl}e Chicano is
an educated individual who is
capable of doing anything he sets
his mind to.
•Yo agradezco mucho los esfuerzos de otros quienes pelearon para obtener lo presente,"
dijo Orozco. Indicating the fact
he is appreciative of those who
struggled for what we have
gained, but now there is a need
for "realistic" efforts.
"If we conceive a realistic
program it w111 get approval,"
said Orozco. "Realistic in the
sense that it is founded on indepth research studies."
"Yo voy a proponer el programa," said Orozco, adding his
proposal contains three major
objectives:
I. Introducing a multiple subjects credential program for
undergrads, a four yearprogram
developing courses with this objective in mind.
II. Getting a five year credential program for the undergraduate student.
For this particular objective,
the groundwork has been set by
departments such as La Raza
Studies, Spanish, Bilingual Studies, and the Education Department, said Orozco. "They have
submitted a proposal to Sacramento and we should be getting
an appraisal by the seventh of
this month," he said.
Ill. Then finally, there is the
Masters Program in Education
that would include the Bilingual
Cross-Cultural Specialist Credential, which is contingent on
the second point, statedOrozco.
"Yo estoy optimistico," excalmo Orozco. "Y se necesita
coordinar los esfuerzos de
todos."
Orozco went on to add a bilin(Continued on Page 4, Col. 2)
CECE LIO OROZCO
LA vaz
>
- DE AZTLAN
Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1975
LXXX/45
A special
edi -tion of
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
California State University, Fresno
Calendc;l'rio Bicentinario
1846 Natividad
Battle recalled
PAUL MARQUEZ
ALFONSO GUZMA_N
KFSR broadcasting Chicano shows
by Tom Uribes
Disc-jocks Alfonso Guzman
and Paul Marquez are competing
with the Maytag repairman for
the title of •Lonliest Man in
Town." But, hopefully, not for
long.
· "We hardly get calls from any
people," says Guzman, with a
toothy grin from under a bushy
moustache.
His weekly hour and a half
radio show featuring bilingual
broadcasting and Mexican music
on KFSR is one of two Chicanooriented programs now aired on
the campus_radio.
Guzman's show, which has been
on the air only a month, can be
heard every Thursday morning
from 8:30 to 10.
Last Tuesday he was joined by
junior Paul Marquez who made
his debut featuring Top40American hits interspersed with occasional Chicano music. He may
be heard on Tuesday evenings
from 8 t 10 p.m.
KFSR is carried only on campus, in the College Union and the
dormitories.
"We need response to keep the
show," said Guzman. "Callers_
are the ones that are going to
help decide whether we stay on
the air."
Both are students of radio
broadcasting instructor Richard
Lucas, J<;FSR's adviser.
"We're a service and we want
to brinP,' as much programming
for the wide variety of students
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 1)
Gomez to head AA
CSUF will welcome Celia
Gomez as the new Affirmative
Action Officer for the university
this month.
Mrs. Gomez will take over the
position vacated by Andy Alva- '
rado, who is taking a leave of
absence.
She has been a counselor at·
Fresno City College since 1970.
Her position, at the time, was
called for by students' request
for a Chicana counselor on the
FCC campus.
At City College the Chicana
educator is known for involvement with FCC students, in th-at
she is active with MECHA and
is the current sponsor of Las
(Continued on Page 4 1 Col. 1)
This article is the second in
a series that lists the contributions and misfortunes of La Raza
within the United States of
America.
Monthly highlight - On Novem ber 14, 1846 U.S. Army troops
under Capt. John C. Fremont
fought insurgent Californios under Jose Antonio Chavez in the
Battle -of Natividad in Northern
California.
Californio guerrilias had overthrown U.S. occupation forces in
Southern California and forced
Commodore Robert F.Stockton's
forces into Los Angeles harbor.
Chavez's fighters were sent
north to capture Thomas A.
Larkin, an anglo merchant who
doubled as a spy for the United
States government before the
war.
The Californios captured Larkin at a ranch in which he was
hiding in the Salinas Valley and
then moved to Fremont's California B.atallion, which was headed
for Monterey with 300 horses
taken from Sacramento.
A hard-fought battle was waged
20 miles from Monterey and
several men were killed and
wounded on both sides. The battle
eflded when both sides ran out of
ammunition.
Fremont's troops r~treated to
San Juan and the Californios,
their m is s ion accomplished,
headed back south_with Larkin as
hostage.
The battle, unreported in most
history books, significantly delayed Fremont's march to southern California with reinforcements and Stockton was forced
to retreat from Los Angeles to
San Diego.
NOVEMBER
CELIA GOMEZ,
5th, 1904: San Antonio - After making contact with Chicano
groups, Richardo Flores Magon
publishes the first issue of "Regeneracion" in the United States.
6th, 1971: Denver - An estimated 1,000 Chicanos march in
protest against the Indo-China
war.
7th, 1970: San Francisco
- Los Siete acquitted of murder
charges after 18 months in jail.
8th, 1519: Mexico - Hernan
Cortes first , enters Tenochtitlan
(now Mexico City) and is courteously received ·by the Aztec
leader Moctezuma II.
- 9th, 1969: New Mexico -Seventh annual Alianza Convention
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 4)
Americans
favor Chavez
NEW YORK (AP) - By a 45-7
margin the American people
sympathize with Cesar Chavez's
United Farm Workers in its Jurisdictional fight with the Teamsters union over who should represent workers in California, the
Harris Poll reported Monday.
Chavez's union was favored by
34-29 per cent over the farm
operators, ·with 37 per cent neutral or unsure.
The Harris organization said
17 million adults have stopped
buying grapes, 14 million have
stopped buying lettuce and 11
million have boycotted Gallo wine
in the California controversy.
"Basic to the appeal of Chavez
and his cause," the Harris poll
said, •is the widely held view that
farm workers are paid below
average wages. The public places
farm workers' pay as the lowest
of 25 industries mentioned."
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
2-THE DAllY COLLEGIAN
letter to the editor
Where do
union dues go?
would see that administrative
Editor:
Chavez s1, Teamsters Nol, a. salari,s are gobbling up much of
chant heard from UFW A (United , the money.
Many people do not realize that
Farm Workers of America) supthe •top Teamster bosses," inporters, is heard for more reacluding Teamster President
sons than "the public realizes.
Frank Fitzsimmons, the Secreone issue that concerns the
tary-Treasurer, and 14 Viceworkers, is that of Union dues
presidents receive approximately
that are being paid by the mem$425,000 in salaries alone. This
bers for benefits, services, and
does not include their personal
job security.
cars, all-expense paid trips for
Union dues are the bargaining
themselves and their wives, plus
link between union members and
all secretarial help and services
their respective unions.
which they deem necessary.
The UFWA, as adopte·d by the
Teamster monies are also used
first Constitutional Convent!on on
to employ and pay annual salaries .
September 23, 1973, established
to other "boss family members."
that two per cent of the memOf the sixteen top bosses, each
. ber's pay checks will constitute
has at least one member of his
the needed union dues.
family on the payroll (a brother,
The Teamsters established that
wife, and/or children), receiving .
. eicht dollars per month would
anywhere from $1,700 to $78,000
suffice as the membership dues
in salaries.
and guarantee union benefits.
Whereas, the United Farm
The question is, "where does
Workers, no matter what their
the money go?''
position, have a weekly salary of
In 1974 the UFWA paid out
five dollars each.
$1.14 million in medical plans to
In conclusio11, I would like to
its membership,_ the year before
leave you, the reader, a few
that the Farm Workers Union
thoughts to ponder.
spent $1.4 million in medical.exIf you do not care about how
penses for its members.
your Union dues are spent, such
The Teamsters have refused to as supplementing the extravagant
announce any estimation ofbenelife styles of the "top Teamster
fits paid out to members.
bosses, n .continue to support their
A point that can be well taken habits.
here, is that the Teamsters with
On the other hand, if you care
an approximate membership of about your family, your future
two million, · has much of its and the future of La Causa, then
monies pending court decisions.
help The United Farm Workers
There also has been much of America strengthen their
complaint by Teamster members
Union.
regarding the fact that they are
' Help the Union achieve its
not receiving any or hardly any
goals, which include the betterof their benefits.
ment of working conditions and
If Teamster membership dues
the returning of the rights back
are not going out to their memto all agricultural workers in
bers, then where are they going?
these United States of America.
If one were to investigate, they
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.CHRISTMAS SPECIAL'
US still monolingual
by Rosemary Sojka
The u.s. has always felt pride
in being the "melting pot" of the
world.
A country that allows many
nationalities to enter and become
free, equal U.s. citizens.
Looking a ·bit closer, one can
easily find that equality is not
always there for the asking.
In spite of the diversity in
nationalities each witlJ its own
language, the U.S. stUl remains
one of the monolingual countries
in the world.
People generally can't find true
equality in the U.S. if they can't
speak, read or write in English.
Many children are handicapped
in our educational system, which
rarely recognizes any language
TACOMA ·10 host
media workshop
by Ernesto Moreno
The Television Advisory Committee of Mexican-Americans
(TACOMA) will be hosting a
Media Workshop Saturday, Nov.
15, from 12 noon to 5 p.m.
"The intent of the workshop is
to give the community an updated
report of T ACO!\f A activities
concerning the media. These activities include programs currently produced by TACOMA productions (La Comunidad del Valle
and Noticias En Total), and ETV
(educational television c~annel
18)," said Paul Rivera, TACOMA
chairperson.
"The · goals of the workshop
are to encourage persons from
the Spanish-speaking community
to participate within the various
media outlets: radio, television
and newspapers," continued the
concerned chairman.
Rivera said this would also
give the Spanish-speaking people
an opportunity to provide ide;is
and suggestions on programs
that deal with the Spanish-speaking.
Rivera feels there is a definite
need for more participation by
the Spanish-speaking community
in this golden opportunity, and
that participation will enable the
Mejicano/Chicano to voice their
concerns in programs they feel
are more relevant to the unique
You
will- be working from
until 11 p.m. Monday
through Friday. The pay is $2.10
5 p.m.
DISCOUNT
Upto 5% off
THE
\fe4
@
REPRESENTATIVE .
WILL BE HERE
UFWA still
seeking
supplies
Student sought for TV iob
El Concilio de Fresno is seeking an interested student to work
for a local television station.
Special Ring
but English, when they enter frustrated, loses his confidence
school with little or no capabiU- and self-esteem,_ an~ emotionaur
ties in this predominant language. drops out of school at an early
Spanish speaking students age.
,
(children) have long been recipiIt wasn't until about 10 years
ents of educational inequality.
ago that something was finally
When these children are exdone, federal funds are being
pected to learn and communicate
channeled to approximately 375
in a language unknown to them,
school systems, through the Biit is inevitable that they will fall
lingual Education Act.
behind both academically and soPrograms are being set up to
cially.
- give the largenumberofSpanishIn many instances seemingly,
speaking children an increase in
without any care or understandeducational opportunities.
ing of the language problems,
Under the bilingual approach,
Mexican-Americans have been
it's the schools that' make the adlabeled as slow learners, or
justment, not the child.
even as retarded and were conBilingual schools not only teach
tinued to be taught and treated
the children how to read, write
as such throughout the years.
and speak both Spanish and EnThe child himself becomes
glish, they also include bicultural
aspects which gives the child a
cultural awareness and pride in
the histoty and tradition of his/
her ancestral background.
The programs themselves are
progressive but unfortunately are
few and far between, presently
they only cover three per cent
of America's Spanish-speaking
· students.
Programs like this will always
cultural needs from the Chicano
be met with resistance and
perspective.
apathy; yet active public support
"This workshop is another opand letters to congressmen can
portunity, being that · this is the
help.
third workshop in a continuing
Changes aren't made until the
series, to inform the community
need for change is exposed, and
about the mass media," said the
even after that it sometimes
TACOMA chairman.
takes a great deal ofpressure.
"TACOMA has worked vigorWhy let all the little Johnnies
ously to open doors for the Spanbe the only ones who understand
ish-speaking within the field of
the teacher?
mass communication," Rivera
Why not give some little Ensaid. "It is up to the community
riques an equal helping hand?
to take advantage of this opportunity."
For the first time in the San
Joaquin Valley, the Spanishspeaking community can voice
their opinions to the various
newspapers, television and radio
stations, and know for a fact their
thought will be heard, he said.
The agenda of the workshop
will include such topics as the
following: history and goals of
TACOMA, community access to
the media, federal regulations
El Union de los Campesinos,
governing media, TACOMA ProUFWA, continues to seek supductions, community participaplies and other needed materials,
tion, and public service anto enable it to continue providing
nouncements.
services for its members.
Rivera stated all persons interested in attending the workAccording to union officials,
shop are welcome to do so. He
the Union is in a critical position
can be contacted at El Concilio
and needs essential supplies to
de Fresno, P. O. Box 10064,
maintain a viable program to
Fresno 93725, or reached at his
service the campesinos.
office at 233-3376 for more information •
Anyone wishing further information or who may want to donate
supplies to the Union, call either
the Health Clinic in Sanger or the
Union headquarters in Selma.
an hour.
For information contact Paul
Rivera at this number, 233THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3376. He can be reached daily
Published
five days a week except
after twelve noon.
'.101idays and examination periods by
This job opening must be filled
the Associated Students of California
State University, Fresno. Mail subimmediately, call now.
scriptions $12 a semest e r , $20 a
year. Editorial offi ce, Keat s Campus ·
Building, telephone 487-2486. Business and advertising office, Keats
Campus Building , teleph o ne 4872266.
LEGAL QUESTION?
Opinions expressed in Collegian
editorials and commentaries by guest
writers, are not nee es saril y those of
California · State University, Fresno
or the student body.
The CSUF
LEGAL ADVISEMENT COORDINATOR
is available to help students
resolve potential legal problems.
LA \"OZ DE :\ZTL:\N
Editor , . . . . . ERNESTO MORENO
Staff Writers: . . . . TOMAS URIBES,
MARIO GALVAN, ANGIE RIOS
Guest Writers: .. . . , Anna Noreiga,
Margaret Esparza
Photographers: . . . TOMAS URIBES,
ERIK STROM
Call 487-2741 for an appointment.
An Associatf'd Students funded program.
WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY,
NOVEMBER 5 & 6
ORDER NOW FOR CHRISTMAS
THE KENNEL
BOOKSTORE
in the heart of the campus
TUITION $40.00
When
and
Where
ENROLL NOW!
Sunday, November 23
Cal State, Fresno
Speech Arts - Room 153
Fresno
For more info.,
please call us at:
(213) 937-3820
Collect!
CSUF instructor
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
THE DAILY .COLLEGIAN-3
Former activist-:Chicanos must deal with issues
by Angie Rios
If Aztlan is a reality, La Raza
bas to iet back to the issues and
deal with them, says a CSUF instructor who has been with the
California Chicano movimlento
since it began.
Ysidro Macias, part-time La
Raza Studies instructor, said
dealing with personalities is not
the way of La Raza.
"La Raza has always been communal in acknowledging accompllshments, rather than singling
out individuals like the Anglo
has through .history," said the
31-year-old University of California, Berkeley graduate.
Macias has the dubious distinction of having received the
most severe sentence given to
any University of California student demonstrator in 1969.
He was actively involved in
the Third World Liberation Front
Strike at Berkeley in 1969, which
he said was only the second student strike in the history of UC
campuses. The reason for the
strike was to continue the struggle for developing La Raza Studies Program on the Berkeley
campus, which was the purpose
of the first student strike which
took place at San Francisco State.
It started Nov. 8, 1968 and lasted
until March of 1969.
The second longest strike at
the Berkeley campus, said Macias, lasted from Jan. 3, 1969
until March 15. The MexicanAmerican Student Confederation
(MASC), which was the recognized Chicano student organization on campus, negotiated with
the university, which Macias described as having a "typical alltalk-and-no-action administration."
Because of this, said Macias,
the students felt there was a need
for a strike and boycotting of
classes as well as other "unmentionables."
Macias said although there
were only about 50 Chicano students on the campus at that time,
and only about 30 took part in the
demonstrations, they were able
to get national attention. He said
even the Federation of Teachers
and other non-Chicano groups
like · the Academic Senate were
telling the university president
to "give in.•
The boyish-looking ·instructor
. from Soledad said the introduction of La Raza Studies programs _
into other universities was a
direct result of the strikes and
not of what he called "intellectual acknowledgements.•
After the strikes, Macias said
the students began to realize the
need for involvement with the
Chicano community. He said a
sort of vacuum developed and
students started joining organizations like MAPA and other
YSIDRIO MACIAS
community service organizations.
Another cause which contributed to the involvement of the
students with the community, said
Macias, was El Plan de Santa
Barbara in 1969, which was begun to develop better communication between Chicanos. This
in turn led to the development of
MECHA, he said.
Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan (MECHA) was
first introduced as a resolution
at the convention for El Plan de
Santa Barbara, said Macias, who
shied away from claiming credit
for coming up with the idea, but
did acknowledge he played a role
in its formation.
After the concept of MECHA
was adopted, Chicano student
groups all over started changing
their names and bylaws to mesh
with the new Chicano student
movement and more unification
was gained, said Macias.
Soon after this, Corky Gonzales, the well-known Chicano
activist and former boxer from
Colorado, began the Chicano
Youth Council in 1971, said Macias.
•Here was a coming together
of ideas from the stqdent element
and the street gang element,"
said the CSUF instructor. The
mixing of the two elements led
students to discover they weren't
as intellectual as they thought
and the street gangs found out
the students - weren't all venididos, he said.
Corky Gonzales also proposed
the Crusade for Justice, which
was a Colorado based operation
in '70-71, said Macias. He said
the conference was held which
produced the revival of the Proclamation of El Plan de Aztlan.
Micias said the conference allowed the Chicano to recognize
the history of the Aztecas as
being part of the Southwest and
not a separate entity outside
the U.S.
But the primary result of the
conference, said Macias, was the
discovery by the Chicano that
· they all had a lot 1n common.
Unification was the theme of El
Plan de Aztlan and the purpose
was to take knowledge and share
it, he said.
•During this time we became
wrapped up with beautiful energy,,, said Macias, ~motionally
recalling the memories, •se nos
prendio el foco," he smiled. •we
could have built a nation overnight, but realized we were
speaking of a long range goal."
Asked, after dismissing a
Tuesday morning class, if he
feels today's students are more
apathetic, he paused and thoughtfully answered that they are, but
first one should know what happened back a few years.
"The most important reason
(for the apathy) is the lack of a
struggle,• he said. "Too many
people feel there have been
enough gains. Why try for more?"
Macias adds what they fail to
see is that doors are not opened
offering opportunities.
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•struggles have to be made," he
said.
As an eXl:lmple he cited La
Raza Studies programs as being
a token of what Chicanos want.
•There should be more," he said.
Noting the CSUF Chicano program has no dep·artmental status
or a master's program, a limited
FTE and no budget of its own, he
said the reason can be attributed
to the fact people have not strug1gled enouJh. '
•After hav~ng gone through 1t
all, I want toe younger carnales
to continue to fight,• he said.
And he s1::es the futureChicano
students as carrying on the fight
with added advantage of understanding the problems at hand.
As for the contemporary student, he feels hls efforts are just
as important.
•They are faced with the strug!gle for a iOal and the question
is whether that goal ls for the
iindividual or for the community,•
1
he said.
•There is no contradiction
here, only a confusion caused by
the Anglo value of self before
community, which isn't true for
La Raza," said Macias. • As lndl vi duals we are part of the
mass, and as a community we
develop a harmony of aspirations."
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a remarkable birlh conliol in~nlion
conlaining sit uses of medically
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,.:::=
4-THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
Chicano radio shows
(Continued from Page 1)
on camp'f.Js as we can," Lucas
said of the station's attitude.
"We're funded by the Associated Students so we should be
am enable to all the students who
put money into that account."
Guzman, whose practical experience includes working for
Fresno's KXEX and Tulare's
KCOK, was asked by Lucas in a
radio class if he would like to
take an hour and a half slot of
Spanish broadcasting.
"They didn't know much about
Spanish music," he said. •1 told
them I'd play modern music, the
best. They said •sure, whatever
you want to do.' "
Primarily the show is done in
Spanish, but Guzman will occa- ,
sionally revert to English to accommodate the English-speaking
audience. Some regular KFSR
programming is aired during his
show, such as English news re- ·
ports and the Captain Marvel
series.
When Guzman first started
broadcasting at KFSR, the station
had no Mexican music so he had
to bring his own. He has since
been assisted by Paulita Rocha
of zarape Records in Fresno, who
has donated 45 rpm and 33 LP
discs.
"When a potential best seller
comes in she passes itontome,"
said Guzman. "She's helped us
a lot."
The music consists of current
popular tunes that would be playing on any other Spanish broadcasting station, such as Los
Freddys, Ray Barreto, Joe Ba-
Gomez hired
(Continued from Page 1)
Adelitas.
She, along with fellow FCC
counselor Frank Quintana, was
instrumental in the inception and
continuance of the Chicano Youth
Conference (an attempt to encourage Chicano students to continue their education in college).
•Each year the conference
seems to grow bigger with greater involvement from more high
school students around the San
Joaquin Valley," said Mrs. Gomez.
She said the Chicano enrollment at FCC anounted to about 10
per cent of the student population,
yet she feels there should be
more Chicano students in college
and the Chicano Youth Conference
is one way of communicating
with the students and getting them
there.
The concerned Chicana stated
that one of her goals is to initiate
a plan where classified staff,
such as clerical, could come under Affirmative Action.
According to Mrs. Gomez,
there must be a continued increase of Chicanos hired each
year by the university. She said
she doesn't anticipate any form
of resistance from the school administration.
"I only want to do my job the
way it calls for and I expect
cooperation from the administra. tion," said Gomez.
One other thing that Celia Gomez would like to get invoived
in is the admissions process of
various programs on this campus, such as Allied Health Department, Physical Therapy and
Recreation. She feels that there
are many Chicanos who are well
qualifed for these programs, but
are not selected.
She said she is willing to work
with the students on this campus,
saying that• communication ls the
only way for the students here
to find out where I'm coming
from.•
.....,
Studio Apt. furnished $11 O. Cal I
431-6878.
taan, WUlie ~olon, Cal Tjader,
Vicente Fernandez and Juan Gabriel, said Guzma,n .
He said not only do they welcome phoned-in requests but will
also accept donated records for
their •Spanish library," or will
tape records brought in to him.
•we'll pl~ requests as long as
we have it," he said. He added
s..tudents may also call to seek
information on the radio operation and how they can participate.
•1 wish my show could be done
all in Spanish, n he said. •But I
was told there aren'tmanyMexicans on campus who would benefit."
However, he said he wouldn't
mind English if it would at least
Orozco: bilingual
(Continued from Page 1)
gual professor does have to do
much more work but should not
take up more time, for whatever
is introduced to the Chicano child
in one language can be translated
to the other by the child, he said.
Of course, there are the grammar essentials, and . these will
take up moretime,addedOrozco. ·
He said that a bilingual teacher
has to work much harder for he/
she has to look at his teaching
from both angles.
•El hablar espanol es un recurso que se tira," said Orozco,
singling out the point that a good
bilingual-bicultural program is
one that, through the use of both
languages as media for the instruction, permits the children
to reach the outer limits of their
potential in two languages and in
two or more cultures.
When asked what type of input
he wanted from the students,
Orozco replied the · best way the
students on this campus could
help is to get involved in their
comites.
"Yo creo que ya oi la voz del
estudiante," said Orozco.
"Y el apoyo necesario viene
de los comites en que ellos trabajan. Yo soy optimistico," said
Orozco, "y se, que si se puede."
attract more Chicanos interested
in working on news programming
and provide different voices.
•rt's very hard for a Chicano
to go out and get a job as an
English-speaking DJ," said Guzman. •If a Chicano learns to run
a show, and gets his license, he
can go to just about any of the
Chicano radio stations. They'll
hire you right away. Now, they
have to hire two - an Anglo who
knows the technical end and a
Chicano to do the Spanish."
Guzman said he had been approached by·student leaders about
expanding the program to include
coverage of issues pertinent to
Chicano students.
That show finally materialized
last Tuesday, thanks to the efforts
of Marquez and second-semester
student Diane Rivera, a transfer
from San Joaquin Delta in Stockton.
After broadcasting a similar
show at the University of Pacific
while living in Stockton, Rivera
raised the issue at a MECHA
meeting this fall at CSUF.
Since Marquez, like Guzman,
had been approached by Lucas
in his Radio 41 class, he was able
to implement this idea into a twohour slot offered him.
"I didn't know Al was doing
the Spanish show," he said, •but
when I heard of the slot openings, I thought I'd like to try a
different angle.
"Since I'm on prime time, I
didn't want to give the public too
much Chicano music at once," he
said. "I'll play Top 40 English
music and slowly implement
Latin music into the program as
it progresses."
The radio-television m a j or
would also like to see more Chicano students contribute to the
shows in the way of a community
news format with guest speakers,
but presently he is still establishing himself.
He said what they need is publicity and he plans to distribute
flyers promoting the shows.
Anyone desiring to contribute
to the programs should contact
either Guzman or Marquez by
calling 487-2655 when they are on
the air or at MECHA meetings
every Thursday at noon 1n the
cafeteria's International Room.
Calendario Bicentinario
(Continued from Page 1)
calls for creation of new nation
of Aztlan from New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado and
Texas.
that a body was found murdered
near her hut.
14th, 1970: Los Angeles National Chicano Moritorium office raided and three Chicanos
are severly beaten' on grounds
that a man accosted the police.
The man later confessed to being
a paid government provocateur.
10th, 1927: Los AngelesFederation of Mexican Societies
calls for its member "mutualistas" and "beneficiencias" to aid
the organizing of Chicano trade
unions.
11th, 1922: Weslaco, Texas - Elias Zarate is lynched after he
is arrested for fist fighting with
an Anglo.
12th, 1882: Tucson - The Teatro Cervantes, a theatre built
to house Mexican performing
companies, opens with a Spanishlanguage play performed by the
de Molla Company.
13th, 1863: Patricio, Texas Chipita Rodrigues, believed to be
the only woman hanged in Texas,
was executed. Her case was decided on circumstantial evidence
T.R. meeting
7:30 p.m. - Trabajadores de
La Raza will meet in CU 304.
15th, 1969: Tucson - Chicano
militants force teachers meeting
in Southwest Council onBilingual
Education to pass resolutions
condemning the "racist educational system."
16th, 1832: Monterey - Captain Augustin Zamorano warns
authorities in Mexico City that
Mexico's week hold on California is encouraging moves by Californios to make California independent from Mexico.
17th, 1917: Los Angeles"La Gaceta", a bilingual monthly
published until 1924, founded.
18th, 1922: NewYork -ANew
York Times editorial says in
Texas "the killing of Mexicans
is so common as to pass almost
unnoticed."
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Group rates also available.
For tickets-Call
486-3381
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por Mario Galvan
Si se presenta un base solido
de estudio, podriamos tener un
programa de educacion bilingue
en esta institucion para el proximo ano dijo el Prof. Cecilio
Orozco, coordinator of bilingual
studies in the School of Education.
"Yo ni programa tengo," says
Orozco. "Aun no hay program a de
educacion bilingue en Fresno."
Dr. o rozco contends in an area
such as this, where there is a
large percentage of MexicoAmericanos, it is ridiculous that
a bilingual program has not been
established. He also emphasized
he is working on establishing
one at CSUF.
Orozco came from New Mexico
Highlands University where he
was director of the Bilingual
Teacher and Teacher Training
Institutue. He was also a profesor at La Uni versidad Autonama de Guadalajara, Jalisco en
Mexico.
He received his B.A. and M.A.
'degrees from Northern Arizona
University and his PhD from the
program within ·year?
University of New Mexico.
"Yo voy a proponer el programa,i' says Orozco. "There
needs to be an in-depth study on
a Bilingual Preparation Program."
Orozco said for a long time
many Chicanos were accustomed
to inventing a study off the top of
their heads, but now, "estamos en
dos pasos de educacion," emphasizing the fact tl}e Chicano is
an educated individual who is
capable of doing anything he sets
his mind to.
•Yo agradezco mucho los esfuerzos de otros quienes pelearon para obtener lo presente,"
dijo Orozco. Indicating the fact
he is appreciative of those who
struggled for what we have
gained, but now there is a need
for "realistic" efforts.
"If we conceive a realistic
program it w111 get approval,"
said Orozco. "Realistic in the
sense that it is founded on indepth research studies."
"Yo voy a proponer el programa," said Orozco, adding his
proposal contains three major
objectives:
I. Introducing a multiple subjects credential program for
undergrads, a four yearprogram
developing courses with this objective in mind.
II. Getting a five year credential program for the undergraduate student.
For this particular objective,
the groundwork has been set by
departments such as La Raza
Studies, Spanish, Bilingual Studies, and the Education Department, said Orozco. "They have
submitted a proposal to Sacramento and we should be getting
an appraisal by the seventh of
this month," he said.
Ill. Then finally, there is the
Masters Program in Education
that would include the Bilingual
Cross-Cultural Specialist Credential, which is contingent on
the second point, statedOrozco.
"Yo estoy optimistico," excalmo Orozco. "Y se necesita
coordinar los esfuerzos de
todos."
Orozco went on to add a bilin(Continued on Page 4, Col. 2)
CECE LIO OROZCO
LA vaz
>
- DE AZTLAN
Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1975
LXXX/45
A special
edi -tion of
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
California State University, Fresno
Calendc;l'rio Bicentinario
1846 Natividad
Battle recalled
PAUL MARQUEZ
ALFONSO GUZMA_N
KFSR broadcasting Chicano shows
by Tom Uribes
Disc-jocks Alfonso Guzman
and Paul Marquez are competing
with the Maytag repairman for
the title of •Lonliest Man in
Town." But, hopefully, not for
long.
· "We hardly get calls from any
people," says Guzman, with a
toothy grin from under a bushy
moustache.
His weekly hour and a half
radio show featuring bilingual
broadcasting and Mexican music
on KFSR is one of two Chicanooriented programs now aired on
the campus_radio.
Guzman's show, which has been
on the air only a month, can be
heard every Thursday morning
from 8:30 to 10.
Last Tuesday he was joined by
junior Paul Marquez who made
his debut featuring Top40American hits interspersed with occasional Chicano music. He may
be heard on Tuesday evenings
from 8 t 10 p.m.
KFSR is carried only on campus, in the College Union and the
dormitories.
"We need response to keep the
show," said Guzman. "Callers_
are the ones that are going to
help decide whether we stay on
the air."
Both are students of radio
broadcasting instructor Richard
Lucas, J<;FSR's adviser.
"We're a service and we want
to brinP,' as much programming
for the wide variety of students
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 1)
Gomez to head AA
CSUF will welcome Celia
Gomez as the new Affirmative
Action Officer for the university
this month.
Mrs. Gomez will take over the
position vacated by Andy Alva- '
rado, who is taking a leave of
absence.
She has been a counselor at·
Fresno City College since 1970.
Her position, at the time, was
called for by students' request
for a Chicana counselor on the
FCC campus.
At City College the Chicana
educator is known for involvement with FCC students, in th-at
she is active with MECHA and
is the current sponsor of Las
(Continued on Page 4 1 Col. 1)
This article is the second in
a series that lists the contributions and misfortunes of La Raza
within the United States of
America.
Monthly highlight - On Novem ber 14, 1846 U.S. Army troops
under Capt. John C. Fremont
fought insurgent Californios under Jose Antonio Chavez in the
Battle -of Natividad in Northern
California.
Californio guerrilias had overthrown U.S. occupation forces in
Southern California and forced
Commodore Robert F.Stockton's
forces into Los Angeles harbor.
Chavez's fighters were sent
north to capture Thomas A.
Larkin, an anglo merchant who
doubled as a spy for the United
States government before the
war.
The Californios captured Larkin at a ranch in which he was
hiding in the Salinas Valley and
then moved to Fremont's California B.atallion, which was headed
for Monterey with 300 horses
taken from Sacramento.
A hard-fought battle was waged
20 miles from Monterey and
several men were killed and
wounded on both sides. The battle
eflded when both sides ran out of
ammunition.
Fremont's troops r~treated to
San Juan and the Californios,
their m is s ion accomplished,
headed back south_with Larkin as
hostage.
The battle, unreported in most
history books, significantly delayed Fremont's march to southern California with reinforcements and Stockton was forced
to retreat from Los Angeles to
San Diego.
NOVEMBER
CELIA GOMEZ,
5th, 1904: San Antonio - After making contact with Chicano
groups, Richardo Flores Magon
publishes the first issue of "Regeneracion" in the United States.
6th, 1971: Denver - An estimated 1,000 Chicanos march in
protest against the Indo-China
war.
7th, 1970: San Francisco
- Los Siete acquitted of murder
charges after 18 months in jail.
8th, 1519: Mexico - Hernan
Cortes first , enters Tenochtitlan
(now Mexico City) and is courteously received ·by the Aztec
leader Moctezuma II.
- 9th, 1969: New Mexico -Seventh annual Alianza Convention
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 4)
Americans
favor Chavez
NEW YORK (AP) - By a 45-7
margin the American people
sympathize with Cesar Chavez's
United Farm Workers in its Jurisdictional fight with the Teamsters union over who should represent workers in California, the
Harris Poll reported Monday.
Chavez's union was favored by
34-29 per cent over the farm
operators, ·with 37 per cent neutral or unsure.
The Harris organization said
17 million adults have stopped
buying grapes, 14 million have
stopped buying lettuce and 11
million have boycotted Gallo wine
in the California controversy.
"Basic to the appeal of Chavez
and his cause," the Harris poll
said, •is the widely held view that
farm workers are paid below
average wages. The public places
farm workers' pay as the lowest
of 25 industries mentioned."
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
2-THE DAllY COLLEGIAN
letter to the editor
Where do
union dues go?
would see that administrative
Editor:
Chavez s1, Teamsters Nol, a. salari,s are gobbling up much of
chant heard from UFW A (United , the money.
Many people do not realize that
Farm Workers of America) supthe •top Teamster bosses," inporters, is heard for more reacluding Teamster President
sons than "the public realizes.
Frank Fitzsimmons, the Secreone issue that concerns the
tary-Treasurer, and 14 Viceworkers, is that of Union dues
presidents receive approximately
that are being paid by the mem$425,000 in salaries alone. This
bers for benefits, services, and
does not include their personal
job security.
cars, all-expense paid trips for
Union dues are the bargaining
themselves and their wives, plus
link between union members and
all secretarial help and services
their respective unions.
which they deem necessary.
The UFWA, as adopte·d by the
Teamster monies are also used
first Constitutional Convent!on on
to employ and pay annual salaries .
September 23, 1973, established
to other "boss family members."
that two per cent of the memOf the sixteen top bosses, each
. ber's pay checks will constitute
has at least one member of his
the needed union dues.
family on the payroll (a brother,
The Teamsters established that
wife, and/or children), receiving .
. eicht dollars per month would
anywhere from $1,700 to $78,000
suffice as the membership dues
in salaries.
and guarantee union benefits.
Whereas, the United Farm
The question is, "where does
Workers, no matter what their
the money go?''
position, have a weekly salary of
In 1974 the UFWA paid out
five dollars each.
$1.14 million in medical plans to
In conclusio11, I would like to
its membership,_ the year before
leave you, the reader, a few
that the Farm Workers Union
thoughts to ponder.
spent $1.4 million in medical.exIf you do not care about how
penses for its members.
your Union dues are spent, such
The Teamsters have refused to as supplementing the extravagant
announce any estimation ofbenelife styles of the "top Teamster
fits paid out to members.
bosses, n .continue to support their
A point that can be well taken habits.
here, is that the Teamsters with
On the other hand, if you care
an approximate membership of about your family, your future
two million, · has much of its and the future of La Causa, then
monies pending court decisions.
help The United Farm Workers
There also has been much of America strengthen their
complaint by Teamster members
Union.
regarding the fact that they are
' Help the Union achieve its
not receiving any or hardly any
goals, which include the betterof their benefits.
ment of working conditions and
If Teamster membership dues
the returning of the rights back
are not going out to their memto all agricultural workers in
bers, then where are they going?
these United States of America.
If one were to investigate, they
Kathy Torres
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.CHRISTMAS SPECIAL'
US still monolingual
by Rosemary Sojka
The u.s. has always felt pride
in being the "melting pot" of the
world.
A country that allows many
nationalities to enter and become
free, equal U.s. citizens.
Looking a ·bit closer, one can
easily find that equality is not
always there for the asking.
In spite of the diversity in
nationalities each witlJ its own
language, the U.S. stUl remains
one of the monolingual countries
in the world.
People generally can't find true
equality in the U.S. if they can't
speak, read or write in English.
Many children are handicapped
in our educational system, which
rarely recognizes any language
TACOMA ·10 host
media workshop
by Ernesto Moreno
The Television Advisory Committee of Mexican-Americans
(TACOMA) will be hosting a
Media Workshop Saturday, Nov.
15, from 12 noon to 5 p.m.
"The intent of the workshop is
to give the community an updated
report of T ACO!\f A activities
concerning the media. These activities include programs currently produced by TACOMA productions (La Comunidad del Valle
and Noticias En Total), and ETV
(educational television c~annel
18)," said Paul Rivera, TACOMA
chairperson.
"The · goals of the workshop
are to encourage persons from
the Spanish-speaking community
to participate within the various
media outlets: radio, television
and newspapers," continued the
concerned chairman.
Rivera said this would also
give the Spanish-speaking people
an opportunity to provide ide;is
and suggestions on programs
that deal with the Spanish-speaking.
Rivera feels there is a definite
need for more participation by
the Spanish-speaking community
in this golden opportunity, and
that participation will enable the
Mejicano/Chicano to voice their
concerns in programs they feel
are more relevant to the unique
You
will- be working from
until 11 p.m. Monday
through Friday. The pay is $2.10
5 p.m.
DISCOUNT
Upto 5% off
THE
\fe4
@
REPRESENTATIVE .
WILL BE HERE
UFWA still
seeking
supplies
Student sought for TV iob
El Concilio de Fresno is seeking an interested student to work
for a local television station.
Special Ring
but English, when they enter frustrated, loses his confidence
school with little or no capabiU- and self-esteem,_ an~ emotionaur
ties in this predominant language. drops out of school at an early
Spanish speaking students age.
,
(children) have long been recipiIt wasn't until about 10 years
ents of educational inequality.
ago that something was finally
When these children are exdone, federal funds are being
pected to learn and communicate
channeled to approximately 375
in a language unknown to them,
school systems, through the Biit is inevitable that they will fall
lingual Education Act.
behind both academically and soPrograms are being set up to
cially.
- give the largenumberofSpanishIn many instances seemingly,
speaking children an increase in
without any care or understandeducational opportunities.
ing of the language problems,
Under the bilingual approach,
Mexican-Americans have been
it's the schools that' make the adlabeled as slow learners, or
justment, not the child.
even as retarded and were conBilingual schools not only teach
tinued to be taught and treated
the children how to read, write
as such throughout the years.
and speak both Spanish and EnThe child himself becomes
glish, they also include bicultural
aspects which gives the child a
cultural awareness and pride in
the histoty and tradition of his/
her ancestral background.
The programs themselves are
progressive but unfortunately are
few and far between, presently
they only cover three per cent
of America's Spanish-speaking
· students.
Programs like this will always
cultural needs from the Chicano
be met with resistance and
perspective.
apathy; yet active public support
"This workshop is another opand letters to congressmen can
portunity, being that · this is the
help.
third workshop in a continuing
Changes aren't made until the
series, to inform the community
need for change is exposed, and
about the mass media," said the
even after that it sometimes
TACOMA chairman.
takes a great deal ofpressure.
"TACOMA has worked vigorWhy let all the little Johnnies
ously to open doors for the Spanbe the only ones who understand
ish-speaking within the field of
the teacher?
mass communication," Rivera
Why not give some little Ensaid. "It is up to the community
riques an equal helping hand?
to take advantage of this opportunity."
For the first time in the San
Joaquin Valley, the Spanishspeaking community can voice
their opinions to the various
newspapers, television and radio
stations, and know for a fact their
thought will be heard, he said.
The agenda of the workshop
will include such topics as the
following: history and goals of
TACOMA, community access to
the media, federal regulations
El Union de los Campesinos,
governing media, TACOMA ProUFWA, continues to seek supductions, community participaplies and other needed materials,
tion, and public service anto enable it to continue providing
nouncements.
services for its members.
Rivera stated all persons interested in attending the workAccording to union officials,
shop are welcome to do so. He
the Union is in a critical position
can be contacted at El Concilio
and needs essential supplies to
de Fresno, P. O. Box 10064,
maintain a viable program to
Fresno 93725, or reached at his
service the campesinos.
office at 233-3376 for more information •
Anyone wishing further information or who may want to donate
supplies to the Union, call either
the Health Clinic in Sanger or the
Union headquarters in Selma.
an hour.
For information contact Paul
Rivera at this number, 233THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3376. He can be reached daily
Published
five days a week except
after twelve noon.
'.101idays and examination periods by
This job opening must be filled
the Associated Students of California
State University, Fresno. Mail subimmediately, call now.
scriptions $12 a semest e r , $20 a
year. Editorial offi ce, Keat s Campus ·
Building, telephone 487-2486. Business and advertising office, Keats
Campus Building , teleph o ne 4872266.
LEGAL QUESTION?
Opinions expressed in Collegian
editorials and commentaries by guest
writers, are not nee es saril y those of
California · State University, Fresno
or the student body.
The CSUF
LEGAL ADVISEMENT COORDINATOR
is available to help students
resolve potential legal problems.
LA \"OZ DE :\ZTL:\N
Editor , . . . . . ERNESTO MORENO
Staff Writers: . . . . TOMAS URIBES,
MARIO GALVAN, ANGIE RIOS
Guest Writers: .. . . , Anna Noreiga,
Margaret Esparza
Photographers: . . . TOMAS URIBES,
ERIK STROM
Call 487-2741 for an appointment.
An Associatf'd Students funded program.
WEDNESDAY & THURSDAY,
NOVEMBER 5 & 6
ORDER NOW FOR CHRISTMAS
THE KENNEL
BOOKSTORE
in the heart of the campus
TUITION $40.00
When
and
Where
ENROLL NOW!
Sunday, November 23
Cal State, Fresno
Speech Arts - Room 153
Fresno
For more info.,
please call us at:
(213) 937-3820
Collect!
CSUF instructor
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
THE DAILY .COLLEGIAN-3
Former activist-:Chicanos must deal with issues
by Angie Rios
If Aztlan is a reality, La Raza
bas to iet back to the issues and
deal with them, says a CSUF instructor who has been with the
California Chicano movimlento
since it began.
Ysidro Macias, part-time La
Raza Studies instructor, said
dealing with personalities is not
the way of La Raza.
"La Raza has always been communal in acknowledging accompllshments, rather than singling
out individuals like the Anglo
has through .history," said the
31-year-old University of California, Berkeley graduate.
Macias has the dubious distinction of having received the
most severe sentence given to
any University of California student demonstrator in 1969.
He was actively involved in
the Third World Liberation Front
Strike at Berkeley in 1969, which
he said was only the second student strike in the history of UC
campuses. The reason for the
strike was to continue the struggle for developing La Raza Studies Program on the Berkeley
campus, which was the purpose
of the first student strike which
took place at San Francisco State.
It started Nov. 8, 1968 and lasted
until March of 1969.
The second longest strike at
the Berkeley campus, said Macias, lasted from Jan. 3, 1969
until March 15. The MexicanAmerican Student Confederation
(MASC), which was the recognized Chicano student organization on campus, negotiated with
the university, which Macias described as having a "typical alltalk-and-no-action administration."
Because of this, said Macias,
the students felt there was a need
for a strike and boycotting of
classes as well as other "unmentionables."
Macias said although there
were only about 50 Chicano students on the campus at that time,
and only about 30 took part in the
demonstrations, they were able
to get national attention. He said
even the Federation of Teachers
and other non-Chicano groups
like · the Academic Senate were
telling the university president
to "give in.•
The boyish-looking ·instructor
. from Soledad said the introduction of La Raza Studies programs _
into other universities was a
direct result of the strikes and
not of what he called "intellectual acknowledgements.•
After the strikes, Macias said
the students began to realize the
need for involvement with the
Chicano community. He said a
sort of vacuum developed and
students started joining organizations like MAPA and other
YSIDRIO MACIAS
community service organizations.
Another cause which contributed to the involvement of the
students with the community, said
Macias, was El Plan de Santa
Barbara in 1969, which was begun to develop better communication between Chicanos. This
in turn led to the development of
MECHA, he said.
Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan (MECHA) was
first introduced as a resolution
at the convention for El Plan de
Santa Barbara, said Macias, who
shied away from claiming credit
for coming up with the idea, but
did acknowledge he played a role
in its formation.
After the concept of MECHA
was adopted, Chicano student
groups all over started changing
their names and bylaws to mesh
with the new Chicano student
movement and more unification
was gained, said Macias.
Soon after this, Corky Gonzales, the well-known Chicano
activist and former boxer from
Colorado, began the Chicano
Youth Council in 1971, said Macias.
•Here was a coming together
of ideas from the stqdent element
and the street gang element,"
said the CSUF instructor. The
mixing of the two elements led
students to discover they weren't
as intellectual as they thought
and the street gangs found out
the students - weren't all venididos, he said.
Corky Gonzales also proposed
the Crusade for Justice, which
was a Colorado based operation
in '70-71, said Macias. He said
the conference was held which
produced the revival of the Proclamation of El Plan de Aztlan.
Micias said the conference allowed the Chicano to recognize
the history of the Aztecas as
being part of the Southwest and
not a separate entity outside
the U.S.
But the primary result of the
conference, said Macias, was the
discovery by the Chicano that
· they all had a lot 1n common.
Unification was the theme of El
Plan de Aztlan and the purpose
was to take knowledge and share
it, he said.
•During this time we became
wrapped up with beautiful energy,,, said Macias, ~motionally
recalling the memories, •se nos
prendio el foco," he smiled. •we
could have built a nation overnight, but realized we were
speaking of a long range goal."
Asked, after dismissing a
Tuesday morning class, if he
feels today's students are more
apathetic, he paused and thoughtfully answered that they are, but
first one should know what happened back a few years.
"The most important reason
(for the apathy) is the lack of a
struggle,• he said. "Too many
people feel there have been
enough gains. Why try for more?"
Macias adds what they fail to
see is that doors are not opened
offering opportunities.
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•struggles have to be made," he
said.
As an eXl:lmple he cited La
Raza Studies programs as being
a token of what Chicanos want.
•There should be more," he said.
Noting the CSUF Chicano program has no dep·artmental status
or a master's program, a limited
FTE and no budget of its own, he
said the reason can be attributed
to the fact people have not strug1gled enouJh. '
•After hav~ng gone through 1t
all, I want toe younger carnales
to continue to fight,• he said.
And he s1::es the futureChicano
students as carrying on the fight
with added advantage of understanding the problems at hand.
As for the contemporary student, he feels hls efforts are just
as important.
•They are faced with the strug!gle for a iOal and the question
is whether that goal ls for the
iindividual or for the community,•
1
he said.
•There is no contradiction
here, only a confusion caused by
the Anglo value of self before
community, which isn't true for
La Raza," said Macias. • As lndl vi duals we are part of the
mass, and as a community we
develop a harmony of aspirations."
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conlaining sit uses of medically
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,.:::=
4-THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Wednesday, November 5, 1975
Chicano radio shows
(Continued from Page 1)
on camp'f.Js as we can," Lucas
said of the station's attitude.
"We're funded by the Associated Students so we should be
am enable to all the students who
put money into that account."
Guzman, whose practical experience includes working for
Fresno's KXEX and Tulare's
KCOK, was asked by Lucas in a
radio class if he would like to
take an hour and a half slot of
Spanish broadcasting.
"They didn't know much about
Spanish music," he said. •1 told
them I'd play modern music, the
best. They said •sure, whatever
you want to do.' "
Primarily the show is done in
Spanish, but Guzman will occa- ,
sionally revert to English to accommodate the English-speaking
audience. Some regular KFSR
programming is aired during his
show, such as English news re- ·
ports and the Captain Marvel
series.
When Guzman first started
broadcasting at KFSR, the station
had no Mexican music so he had
to bring his own. He has since
been assisted by Paulita Rocha
of zarape Records in Fresno, who
has donated 45 rpm and 33 LP
discs.
"When a potential best seller
comes in she passes itontome,"
said Guzman. "She's helped us
a lot."
The music consists of current
popular tunes that would be playing on any other Spanish broadcasting station, such as Los
Freddys, Ray Barreto, Joe Ba-
Gomez hired
(Continued from Page 1)
Adelitas.
She, along with fellow FCC
counselor Frank Quintana, was
instrumental in the inception and
continuance of the Chicano Youth
Conference (an attempt to encourage Chicano students to continue their education in college).
•Each year the conference
seems to grow bigger with greater involvement from more high
school students around the San
Joaquin Valley," said Mrs. Gomez.
She said the Chicano enrollment at FCC anounted to about 10
per cent of the student population,
yet she feels there should be
more Chicano students in college
and the Chicano Youth Conference
is one way of communicating
with the students and getting them
there.
The concerned Chicana stated
that one of her goals is to initiate
a plan where classified staff,
such as clerical, could come under Affirmative Action.
According to Mrs. Gomez,
there must be a continued increase of Chicanos hired each
year by the university. She said
she doesn't anticipate any form
of resistance from the school administration.
"I only want to do my job the
way it calls for and I expect
cooperation from the administra. tion," said Gomez.
One other thing that Celia Gomez would like to get invoived
in is the admissions process of
various programs on this campus, such as Allied Health Department, Physical Therapy and
Recreation. She feels that there
are many Chicanos who are well
qualifed for these programs, but
are not selected.
She said she is willing to work
with the students on this campus,
saying that• communication ls the
only way for the students here
to find out where I'm coming
from.•
.....,
Studio Apt. furnished $11 O. Cal I
431-6878.
taan, WUlie ~olon, Cal Tjader,
Vicente Fernandez and Juan Gabriel, said Guzma,n .
He said not only do they welcome phoned-in requests but will
also accept donated records for
their •Spanish library," or will
tape records brought in to him.
•we'll pl~ requests as long as
we have it," he said. He added
s..tudents may also call to seek
information on the radio operation and how they can participate.
•1 wish my show could be done
all in Spanish, n he said. •But I
was told there aren'tmanyMexicans on campus who would benefit."
However, he said he wouldn't
mind English if it would at least
Orozco: bilingual
(Continued from Page 1)
gual professor does have to do
much more work but should not
take up more time, for whatever
is introduced to the Chicano child
in one language can be translated
to the other by the child, he said.
Of course, there are the grammar essentials, and . these will
take up moretime,addedOrozco. ·
He said that a bilingual teacher
has to work much harder for he/
she has to look at his teaching
from both angles.
•El hablar espanol es un recurso que se tira," said Orozco,
singling out the point that a good
bilingual-bicultural program is
one that, through the use of both
languages as media for the instruction, permits the children
to reach the outer limits of their
potential in two languages and in
two or more cultures.
When asked what type of input
he wanted from the students,
Orozco replied the · best way the
students on this campus could
help is to get involved in their
comites.
"Yo creo que ya oi la voz del
estudiante," said Orozco.
"Y el apoyo necesario viene
de los comites en que ellos trabajan. Yo soy optimistico," said
Orozco, "y se, que si se puede."
attract more Chicanos interested
in working on news programming
and provide different voices.
•rt's very hard for a Chicano
to go out and get a job as an
English-speaking DJ," said Guzman. •If a Chicano learns to run
a show, and gets his license, he
can go to just about any of the
Chicano radio stations. They'll
hire you right away. Now, they
have to hire two - an Anglo who
knows the technical end and a
Chicano to do the Spanish."
Guzman said he had been approached by·student leaders about
expanding the program to include
coverage of issues pertinent to
Chicano students.
That show finally materialized
last Tuesday, thanks to the efforts
of Marquez and second-semester
student Diane Rivera, a transfer
from San Joaquin Delta in Stockton.
After broadcasting a similar
show at the University of Pacific
while living in Stockton, Rivera
raised the issue at a MECHA
meeting this fall at CSUF.
Since Marquez, like Guzman,
had been approached by Lucas
in his Radio 41 class, he was able
to implement this idea into a twohour slot offered him.
"I didn't know Al was doing
the Spanish show," he said, •but
when I heard of the slot openings, I thought I'd like to try a
different angle.
"Since I'm on prime time, I
didn't want to give the public too
much Chicano music at once," he
said. "I'll play Top 40 English
music and slowly implement
Latin music into the program as
it progresses."
The radio-television m a j or
would also like to see more Chicano students contribute to the
shows in the way of a community
news format with guest speakers,
but presently he is still establishing himself.
He said what they need is publicity and he plans to distribute
flyers promoting the shows.
Anyone desiring to contribute
to the programs should contact
either Guzman or Marquez by
calling 487-2655 when they are on
the air or at MECHA meetings
every Thursday at noon 1n the
cafeteria's International Room.
Calendario Bicentinario
(Continued from Page 1)
calls for creation of new nation
of Aztlan from New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado and
Texas.
that a body was found murdered
near her hut.
14th, 1970: Los Angeles National Chicano Moritorium office raided and three Chicanos
are severly beaten' on grounds
that a man accosted the police.
The man later confessed to being
a paid government provocateur.
10th, 1927: Los AngelesFederation of Mexican Societies
calls for its member "mutualistas" and "beneficiencias" to aid
the organizing of Chicano trade
unions.
11th, 1922: Weslaco, Texas - Elias Zarate is lynched after he
is arrested for fist fighting with
an Anglo.
12th, 1882: Tucson - The Teatro Cervantes, a theatre built
to house Mexican performing
companies, opens with a Spanishlanguage play performed by the
de Molla Company.
13th, 1863: Patricio, Texas Chipita Rodrigues, believed to be
the only woman hanged in Texas,
was executed. Her case was decided on circumstantial evidence
T.R. meeting
7:30 p.m. - Trabajadores de
La Raza will meet in CU 304.
15th, 1969: Tucson - Chicano
militants force teachers meeting
in Southwest Council onBilingual
Education to pass resolutions
condemning the "racist educational system."
16th, 1832: Monterey - Captain Augustin Zamorano warns
authorities in Mexico City that
Mexico's week hold on California is encouraging moves by Californios to make California independent from Mexico.
17th, 1917: Los Angeles"La Gaceta", a bilingual monthly
published until 1924, founded.
18th, 1922: NewYork -ANew
York Times editorial says in
Texas "the killing of Mexicans
is so common as to pass almost
unnoticed."
Theatre 3 presents
One of the most popular and comp~ 11 i ng comedy-dramas of our time
from the Ken Kesey nove 1 .
October 10-11, .15-16-17-18, 22-23-24-25, 29-30-31
Noverrber 1, 5-6-7-8,_ 12-13-14-15, 19-20-21-22
8: 30 p.m .
Group rates also available.
For tickets-Call
486-3381
Special student rates on Wednesdays and Thursdays.
DFORD
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