La Voz de Aztlan, December 13 1971
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, December 13 1971
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
12/13/1971
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00026
extracted text
LA
LAN
MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1971
LXXVll/56
-FCCA
Servir al pueblo
Fresno County Community Action (FCCA) is a county-wide non
profit incorporated organization
that is presently working with no
fewer than 18 rural communities
in Fresno County. FCCA Board of
Directors is made up of representatives of the poor from the
rural poverty communities ofthe
area. The Directors are elected
by a democratic process for limited terms of two years. The
present director, Mr. Jess Quintery, has been active in Chicano
organizations and politics for
many years.
The FCCA staff has been involved in the organization of the
Association of Mexican-American Parents, a non profit community organization oriented
towards involving Spanish-speaking parents in the educational
systems o~e area.
The agency also assisted with
the investigation of violence during a farmworkers labor dispute;
application of statutes of the
California Education Code; investigation of_brutality charges
against school personnel and the
establishment of adult education
(Above) Staff members Lily Torres, Rachel Payan, David Rodriguez,
Ana Rodriguez, Lola Jimenez and Guadalupe Sauceda.
(Right) Lily Torres, Executiye Secretary for FCCA.
Texas, LA County
rated worst
The US Civil Rights Commission reported early this week that
Texas, along with Los Angeles
County, schools are the worst in
the nation in the education of
Chicanos. _
It also said that California's
overall education is better than
the other Southwestern states,
although its performance is still
poor.
The studies were made on a
survey os school districts in Arizona, California, Colorado, New
Mexico and Texas. These states
have more than six million of
the nine million Spanish-speaking
Americans.
This report was the first documentation of its sort. Subjects
covered in the survey included
reading r e ta rd a ti on , dropout
r~tes, how often the pupils repeat
a grade and the extent of their
participation in extracurricular
activities. Los Angeles served
as a lone study because of the
high concentration of Chicano
students.
Texas was regarded as the
worst in the nation because of the
poor results of the study in a region which is heavily populated
by Ch.,;anos. Loss than 2 per cent
of Dallas County teachers are
Chicanos, while Chicanos make
up 1O per cent of the population.
•
nation
These figures show a reflection
of some of the problems in educating Chicano children. There
are not enough teachers that can
relate to the students. The dropout rate in Texas is estimated
to be at 70 per cent or more,
California was called the best
because of its low percentage of
Chicano pupils behind their normal grade. Only 2.3 per cent
were two or more years behind,
compared to an average of 9 per
cent for the five other Southwestern states.
This low percentage is attributed to California's process of
passing children whether they
deserve it or not. This encourages the child to stay in school
and can be helpful in preventing
dropouts.
The report also stated that
.California Chicano students have
a better chance of entering college.
EOP meeting
A general meeting of all
FSC Educational Opportunity Program students .will
take place at 4p.m. Wednesday in the east wing of the
Cafeteria. All EOP students
are urged to attend.
h
.I.
classes in various rural communities.
The FCCA staff has also been
involved in the organization of
community newsletters and the
formation of a county-wide organization to promote inspection
of sub-standard housing,
c.o.D,E. The agency promotes
low-cost housing for the rural
poor through housing development activities, assists with the
deveiopment of new curriculum
in the local colleges, curriculum
to assist individuals who wish to
establish minority business ventures.
FCCA has supported the development of Los Negocios, a local
group composed of the rural poor.
The agency has also instructed
numerous rural poor ·on the mechanics of home purchas·e applications through federal housing
agencies.
The staff responds to numerous local needs and concerns and
constantly strives to educate the
rural poor on the complexities
of public and private services and
resources that can be made available to the poor.
Blood, Sweat & Tears
COLLEGIAN FOtlUM
THE BURI EL .•••.•
followed by toiled years.
{)Sflnions· exp_ressec;f in C~llegian
edit•r--iars; rn c I u d i,n g feature-
edit.-F ia,1 s· and commentaries b~
gu•tt-write.r.s , are not necessar-My those of Fresno State College
ar the student body~
2 .
THE DAILY COLLEGIA'N
Monday, "f?ecember 13, 1971
SOFT brown eyes twitch, flutter, and then open
Piercing deep into the soul
Questioning •.• Searching •••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •••
and tears start to fal I
The tears of hurt, .of pain, o~ confusion, of anger
The tears wh.ich were suppressed in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Tears have refreshed us and washed away the pah.
EDITORIAL
Hazards of farm labor housing
Recently in an article in the Fresno Guide (12-8-71), it was stated
that Fresno County Supervisor John Ventura said closing of farm
labor housing ts causing more problems than are being solved. He
mentioned that many farmworkers were being forced to live in more
expensive housing and commuted 30 to 35 miles to work. As an example, the V. C. Britton ranch was used.
At the Britton ranch state inspectors noted 88 violations of the
housing code. Two children were killed in a fire resulting from one
of these violations.
The article goes on to say that •a group of outsiders" asked for
the closure of the camp because· of the violations of the housing code.
This •outside" group ls composed of concerned citizens including
residents of farm labor camps. Mr. Ventura, do you not think that
the closure was brought about because of these violations? Do you
think that farm workers should continue to be exposed to these
hazardous and indecent conditions? Had Britton accepted his responsibility and maintained his camp in accordance with state regulations there would be no violations, his units would not be closed
and there would not · be any •outsiders" putting pressure on him to
give their workers decent living facilities.
There can be nothing held for these •outsiders• but respect.
They are concerned people who do not want farm workers exposed
to conditions hazardous to their life and property. Were it not for
people such as these, this country would be in far worse shape than
it is now.
-Grace Solis, Editor, La VozdeAztlan
Free performance of 'The Nutcracker'
Have your ninos or carnalitos
seen Tchaikovsky's •The Nut-
cracker"? Now is a chance for
them to see a performance they
will remember. FSC 's Las Adelitas will host a FREE performance of "The Nutcracker•
on Friday, Dec. 17, from 7 p.m.10 p.m. at the FresnoConvention
Center Theater. The ballet will
be performed by the Fresno Civic
Ballet Company.
Las Adelitas have arranged for
2,400 free seats for nuestra Raza.
In exchange, they have been managing the ticket sales for the ballet at the Fashion Fair outlet.
They will be managing the outlet
for the rest of this week. If you
have any free time please lend
them a hand.
For further information about
the FREE performance, contact
Esther or Luisa, La Raza Studies
Department, 487-2848.
Don't forget - the performance
is gratis para toda la familia!
-Delores Aguiniga
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
P\lblished five days a week except
holidays and examination periods b}
. the Fre,sno State · College Associa. tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sem,•,,ter, $15 a year. · Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephone
487-2486, . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
Editor-In-Chief ... Barbara McDowell
Day Editor . . . . . . . . . Grace Solis
Business Manager . . Edward Piston
Advertising Manager . . Wilbur Pauls
Reporters .
. Irma Alvarado,
Victoria Chacon, Hector Cortez ,
Joe Godina, Fernando Hernandez
STRONG brown hands loosen, quiver, then extend
Stretching far throughout the soul
Questioning •.• Serching .••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •.•
and sweat starts to fal I
The sweat of roil, of pain, and over-exerted strength
The sweat which fel I on the faces of our young
The sweat that continued to fall in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Sweat has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
8ROWN, soft skin, blemished with scars of the past
Irritated by the constant killings of our people
Our people for justice
And our young in Nam!
The scars of the past and the present •.•
let forth a pool of blood
The hlood of injustice
The blood of revenge
The blood of our men!
The blood which ran free in all our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in .vain
For the Blood has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
BEAUTIFUL Brown people, sti 11 alive and refreshed with hope
Our hands thrust out •.••
They link across the nation
An impermeable link of CARNALISMO! ! !) !
The flowing of the blood, sweat and the tears
The unification of the heart, the soul •••
Of Total Brown Man!
With minds bonded together we take our rightful stand.
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the BLOOD
the SWEAT,
and the TEARS have refreshed us
and washed away the pain.
-Sandi Hernandez
Business club meets with students
Last week , the Fresno State
College Chicano Business Students Asr.ociation went to McLane
High School to encourage Chicanos from McLane and Fresno
High Schools to enter college
and study business.
The group hopes to continue
presenting these assemblies
throughout the valley.
The group is currently working
in the community with minority
businessmen. They serve as consultants, help with bookkeeping
and help in any way they can.
Pete Garcia noted that 80 per
cent of small businesses opened
by Chicanos fail, while only 50
per cent of the general population
suffer failure.
Lionel Alvarado, EOP repre-
sentative. also attended the assembly and spoke to the students
about financial aid, tutoring and
counseling.
By Don Rowe and
Manuel Gonzales
EOP Office
The state of California has defined the Educational Opportunity
Program student as follows:
-He/she is an individual who
has the potential to perform on
the college level, but who is unable to realize that potential because of economic, cultural or
educational background or environment.
-He/sh is expected to participate fully in the range of
services provided by the program.
-He/ she is eligible for admission only under special procedures.
-He/she must be a resident of
the state of California.
Manuel Perez, program director, further states that the student who is enrolled in the program has much to offer the
college community and societyat-large in terms of more and
innovative productivity as well as
creativity.
Sociologically, the students as
a group act as vehicles to bring
into . their homes a new sense of
awareness with respect to education and a host of other opportunities that are available in today's society' opportunities that
can do a great deal to improve
the general economic and social
conditions of those who are in
dire need of such improvement.
The Educational Opportunity
Program has several thousand
students currently enrolled in the
various state colleges and universities. Many have already
graduated or are ·enrolled in
graduate programs.
The success of the program is
serving to further identify the
EOP student as the forerunner of
a new era of thought and direction on the parts of government
and the academic community.
History books of the future may
well describe the EOP student
as •a temporary type of student
that prevailed during the 1960's
and 1970's . . • " For the total
success of the program will spell
its eventual demise. Elimination
of the need for a program eliminates the program itself.
NOTICIAS
Christmas Open House
E.O.P. Office, Poom 238, New
Administration Bldg., Thursday,
Dec. 16, 11 a.m.-?. Refreshments will be served. Come and
join us!
(term papers) will be conducted by
Alex Saragoza on ·Wed. , Dec. 15,
3 p.m.-4 p.m. in the New Administration Bldg., Room 221.
Those involved in writing term-papers are urged to attend!
FRIDAY, DEC. 17 is the last day
to drop classes without complete
withdrawal.
FRIDAY, DEC. 17, is the deadline for supplemental material
for EOP spring 1972 applicants.
MAPA meeting on Friday, Dec.
17, at 7:30 p.m. The meeting
will be held at St. Theresa's
Church, corner of Floradora and
Wishon.
REGIONAL CHICANO YOUTH
CONFERENCE will begin on Friday, Dec. 17, through Sunday,
Dec. 19, in Fresno. For further
information contact La Raza
Studies, 487-2848 or Universidad de Aztlan, 268-7455.
3rd
TUTORIAL
WORKSHOP
MINORITY STUDENTS INTERESTED IN
GRADUATE TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL CAREERS
The University of California, Davis, encourages students from socially and -or
economically disadvantaged backgrounds and particularly students of ethnic
minorities to consider training in graduate or professional fields. The Davis
campus inv ites inquiries from prospective students regarding opPortun ities in the
following areas :
GRADUATE TRAIN IN<; - Master's and Ph .D . degrees in over 50 fields
HEALTH PROFESSIONS- Training leading to D.V.M. or M . D. degrees
LAW. Training leading to Doctor of Jurisprudence CJ. D.) degree
For further information concerning OPPortunities in these fields, educational
preparation, admission requirements, and sources of financial aid, please write
IMMEDIATELY to one of the following :
fresno fashion fair
FSC defin ifion
of EOP student
Richard D. Lee, Assistant Dean
School of Law
Dr. Alexander Barry, Associate Dean
Office of Student Affairs and Admissions
School of Medic ine
Dr. Jerry R. Gillespie, Associate Dean Dr. Martin P. 0ettinger, Associate Dean
School of Veterinary Medicine
Graduate Division
EUROPE 1972
CHARTER FLIGHTS
SPRING-SUMMER- FALL
SCHEDULES NOW AVAILABLE
Manv Flights ro Choose From
SAMPLE FARES
LONDON ~ $269
Roundtrip
LONDON from $129
One Way
Low Air Fare on
Inter-European Fli ghts
ISRAEL- AFR l CA-AS IA
International I.D. Card Available
Attention group Leaders:
Special flights arrangement for
small or large groups - ask for
details. For Information, Sche-
dules, Reservations CALL OR
1st and shaw...fresno
~niversity of California
Davis, California
95616
WRITE
CHARTER FLIGHTS INT.
995 MARKET STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94103
PHONE (415) 392-8513
The above is not sponsored by the
California State Colleges or b y the
Fresno State College Association, Inc.
4, . THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, December 13, 1971
Indian self-help
Center is developing p~ograms
(Continued from Page 3)
that can serve as a model for a
suffer the same problems of any
viable pre-school center for Inminority people moving from the
dian children. Plans are to hire
rural areas to the complicated
and frightening urban scene. But · a curriculum development specialist to develop •Indian studies"
the situation is further complifor the pre-school Indian child.
cated by the fact that the Bureau
To be included is a curriculum
of Indian Affairs services and its
of Indian studies for pre-school
Division of!ndian Health Services
children which can be useful in
are not available to those who
Head Start Programs and other
have left their traditional Indian
federally funded pre-school procommunities. They are expected
grams. This project has great
to use the services available to
implications in the field of Inall people and this ts probably
dian education.
right .. But right and reality are
The Center is now being funded
not always compatible and Indians
by
the Zale Foundation of Texas
are faced with the assurance from
and b.y the Lutheran Council of the
these agencies and institutions
National Indian Lutheran Board.
that •the Bureau oflndtanAffairs
Education
takes care of you." Unwilling to
AIO is also developing, coorsuffer another rebuff, many times
dinating and compiling meterial
these Indians are reluctant to try
generally termed •Indian studies"
again when they confront a comand is devoting time and effort
plication. Education on how to
to the research, development, and
use the services is needed but,
compilation of ideas for Indian
more urgently, the agencies and
education in the urban areas of
institutions concerned must be
our country. The need in this uneducated to speak to the needs
tapped and complicated field is
of Indians in the -urban areas of
great and AIO regards it as a
our country. The Urban Indian
priority. The education arm . of
Center of Dallas, Texas, where
our organization continues to
Indians are doing this job themwork with universities, colleges,
selves, is a step in this direcand prep schools, particularly on
tion.
the East Coast, to encourage and
As a result of hearings held
assist in the development of reby the author, under the auspices
cruiting, financial aid, and supof the National Council on Indian
portive services for Indian stuOpportunity, in an attempt to
dents.
focus attention on Indians living
AIO assisted Indians of Westin urban America, the American
ern New York State in establishIndian Center of Dallas was born.
ing an education, counseling, and
A group of Indian residents in
youth program. The youth proDallas saw the need for the
gram is designed for the peculiar
15,000 Indians in the Dallaseducational problems of young
F t. Worth area to be an effective
people on the reservation and Invoice in the community. Thus, the
dian youth in Buffalo and smaller
American Indian Center of Dallas
off-reserv~hon cities nearby. In
came into being. AIO committed
New York , where there are no
itself to funding the Center and
federally controlled reservas eeking permanent funding. It is
tions , land that is technically
hopeful that this Center, which is
reservation land has , over the
governed by a 22-member board
years, become interspersed with
of directors, ·can be the model
towns which have many nonfor a comprehensive Indian cenIndian residents. This presents
ter. It has three paid staff mema unique problem for New York
bers.
Indians. Their daily lives consist
T-he Center has been successful
of both a superficial integration
in setting up projects such as a
into the dominant society and
General Education Development
separate tribal existence. They
(GED) Program for adults to rework, live, and go to school with
ceive the equivalency of a high
non-Indi.a ns. However, the same
school education; a Youth Proprejudices exist against Indians
gram for youth ages 14 to 25;
here as elsewhere, albeit they
two Housewives Clubs; two Tuare more subtle. They live in
toring Programs for 1st through
the depths of poverty, have fewer
6th graders; an Indian Center
educational opportunities, and
Dance Group;andaPowWowClub
are in worse health than their
for youth. It also serves as a
fellow New Yorkers.
Sesame Street Viewing Center.
As part of this program, the
The Center is working on Family
formation of local boards is
Planning, Housing, and Legal Edplanned to represent parents and
ucation projects.
young people in the area. The
In addition, the Dallas Urban
program encourages students to
stay in school and to go to college or some other post-seconAVOID TERMPAPER PANIC!
dary educational insti tution. StuFor Help Write or Cal l:
dents are counseled on the social
Box 1199
problems they face as members
Cupertino, CA 95014
of a minority in the public school
(408) 732-98"'9
environm ent, on future plans, and
advice given to those who wish to
; want ads ·
2 BR furn acros s from dorms
-; hare or $45 person 439-6481
- ~sychedel ic I ight displays 2x4
\ channel, Walnut. 224-2683
f yping. IBM. Professional, Fast
~ Accurate. Cal I 439-6111
--=! oornmate wanted in Dorms.Call
~87-3845. ask for Denise 4-9 PM
, 1DERS NEEDED: On the way to
.:: leveland, O. via US 66. Leaving
--hursday, Dec. 16. Ph. 487-3451
==
continue their education, including all phases of the process of
gaining admission and obtaining
financial aid. It also brings them
together in Indian youth councils
to help further their academic
goals. Three Indian staff members operate the program.
Increasingly, AIO has found
that there is a real need for educational material on the elementary level. In cooperation
with Educational Challenges, Inc.,
an educational materials development firm, AIO wlll develop
approvimately eight books at the
4th grade reading level. This project serves two purposes,. It will:
(1) provide badly needed materials, and (2) give Indian authors a chance to write and publish their material. Manuscripts
will be solicited from sources
throughout the country under a
development project funded by the
National Endowment for the Humanities.
Economic Development
Activities
In partnership with Oklahomans
for Indian Opportunity, AIO is
co-owner of American Indian
Investment Opportun.i ties, Inc.
(AIIO). AIIO is the first and only
Indian-owned Small Business Investment Company licensed under the MESBIC program. It is
financed principally by funds
made available through the Ford
Foundation, the Ghetto Loan
Committee of the Executive
Council of the Episcopal Church,
and AIO and OIO, The company
will have its headquarters in
Norman, Oklahoma. Its principal
objective is to finance the acquisition or establishment of
small business concerns _owned
and operated by Indian communities and indi victuals. While its
operations will be centered primarily in the Southwest United
States , AIIO is willing to invest
in Indian-owned projects anywhere in the country if adequate
technical assistance can be provided to the project.
Native American Legal Defense
and Education Fund
AIO has established the Native
American Legal Defense and Education Fund (NALDEF) to protect and advocate the rights of
Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.
For too long, the Native American
has been the victim, rather than
the beneficiary, of the ·laws and
regulations supposedly promulgated on his behalf. American
Indians are desperately in need
of legal assistance, not only as
individuals, but also as a special
class of citizens whose lives are
governed by more than 2,000
regulations , 389 treaties, 5,000
statutes, 2,000 Federal court decisions, 500 Attorney Generals'
opinions , and 33 volumes of the
Indian Affairs Manual.
A principal role of the NALDEF
will be to monitor Government
programs to insure that these
programs and agencies are responsive to the needs of Indian
people.
NALDEF hopes eventually to
provide legal assistance to those
with problems concerning all aspects of discrimination. Another
role will be to educate Indian
citizens concerning their legal
rights under Federal, State, and
local laws. Above all, NALDEF
seeks to serve as a strong and
articulate advocate on behalf of
Indian rights in matters of law
and social policy.
In its factfinding studies, the
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
has discovered substantial evidence of scarce job opportunities
for Indians. Almost 60 per cent
of employment agencies surveyed
in Minneapolis stated that the labor market discriminates against
Indians.
AIO has found that Bureau of
Indian Affairs policies in regard
to the holding and disposal of
property by Native Americans
must be investigated and corrected. Too often in the name of
"guardianship," BIA has used its
power to cause forced sales of
Indian property and to declare
wills and individuals incompetent. Usually the result is the
transfer of property and assets
from Indians to non-Indians. Regulations and policies which restrict an Indian in the free exercise of his rights as a citizen
must be challenged. A national office is being staffed by AIO to
begin this badly needed program.
AIO Action Council
The AIO Action Council is a
separate corporation which operates on a non-profit basis to promote social welfare.
The role of the AIO Action
Council is to study proposed
legislation by the Congress that
affects Indians. The Council supports or opposes such legislation
and Legislative Alerts are prepared and sent to Indian groups,
tribes, and other individuals who
can be helpful.
AIO attempts to bridge the
communications gap between Native Americans and the communities in which they reside. Re-
PLAY GOLF
Th e gam e of a lifetim e
at
FIG GARDEN
COURSE GOLF
Buy all y o ur
golf equipment at
LOMBARDO
GOLF SHOP
7700 N. \'an Ness .
Fresno 93705
Phone -1 39-2928
OPEN E \ 'E R\" DAY .
USED CLUBS
at a ll pri ces
SLAC KS from $ 12 .: . .
HAIRCUT
liable information concerning the
Native American is sr.arce and
difficult to find. Our school systems have made no attempt to
correct the stereotypes and
falsehoods which have been created with respect to the American
Indian. There is a great need for
special books , films , materials
and other aids to assist thos;
working with Indians, particularly teachers, AIO hopes to secure
funds to develop materials to fit
these needs . It is time to recognize the artistic and cultural
achievements of Native Americans, current and past , and the
impact they have made on the
development of American life.
An Advocate for Indians
In line with self-determination
AIO believes in assisting Nativ;
Americans to operate their own
programs evaluate them, and
generally run their own affairs.
AIO seeks to serve as a national
advocate in Washington for all
Native Americans. It monitors
Federal agencies to assure that
Indian programs are fairly and
properly administered and seeks
to take advantage of Federal
Government programs and grants
which car:i be of benefit toindians
on a local or national scale.
AIO works with all other national organizations, groups, and
tribes in the common cause, toward making that • American
Dream" less a dream and more
of a reality.
-Reprinted from
Civil Rights Digest
Spring 1971
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OPIN EVERY SU AY
LAN
MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1971
LXXVll/56
-FCCA
Servir al pueblo
Fresno County Community Action (FCCA) is a county-wide non
profit incorporated organization
that is presently working with no
fewer than 18 rural communities
in Fresno County. FCCA Board of
Directors is made up of representatives of the poor from the
rural poverty communities ofthe
area. The Directors are elected
by a democratic process for limited terms of two years. The
present director, Mr. Jess Quintery, has been active in Chicano
organizations and politics for
many years.
The FCCA staff has been involved in the organization of the
Association of Mexican-American Parents, a non profit community organization oriented
towards involving Spanish-speaking parents in the educational
systems o~e area.
The agency also assisted with
the investigation of violence during a farmworkers labor dispute;
application of statutes of the
California Education Code; investigation of_brutality charges
against school personnel and the
establishment of adult education
(Above) Staff members Lily Torres, Rachel Payan, David Rodriguez,
Ana Rodriguez, Lola Jimenez and Guadalupe Sauceda.
(Right) Lily Torres, Executiye Secretary for FCCA.
Texas, LA County
rated worst
The US Civil Rights Commission reported early this week that
Texas, along with Los Angeles
County, schools are the worst in
the nation in the education of
Chicanos. _
It also said that California's
overall education is better than
the other Southwestern states,
although its performance is still
poor.
The studies were made on a
survey os school districts in Arizona, California, Colorado, New
Mexico and Texas. These states
have more than six million of
the nine million Spanish-speaking
Americans.
This report was the first documentation of its sort. Subjects
covered in the survey included
reading r e ta rd a ti on , dropout
r~tes, how often the pupils repeat
a grade and the extent of their
participation in extracurricular
activities. Los Angeles served
as a lone study because of the
high concentration of Chicano
students.
Texas was regarded as the
worst in the nation because of the
poor results of the study in a region which is heavily populated
by Ch.,;anos. Loss than 2 per cent
of Dallas County teachers are
Chicanos, while Chicanos make
up 1O per cent of the population.
•
nation
These figures show a reflection
of some of the problems in educating Chicano children. There
are not enough teachers that can
relate to the students. The dropout rate in Texas is estimated
to be at 70 per cent or more,
California was called the best
because of its low percentage of
Chicano pupils behind their normal grade. Only 2.3 per cent
were two or more years behind,
compared to an average of 9 per
cent for the five other Southwestern states.
This low percentage is attributed to California's process of
passing children whether they
deserve it or not. This encourages the child to stay in school
and can be helpful in preventing
dropouts.
The report also stated that
.California Chicano students have
a better chance of entering college.
EOP meeting
A general meeting of all
FSC Educational Opportunity Program students .will
take place at 4p.m. Wednesday in the east wing of the
Cafeteria. All EOP students
are urged to attend.
h
.I.
classes in various rural communities.
The FCCA staff has also been
involved in the organization of
community newsletters and the
formation of a county-wide organization to promote inspection
of sub-standard housing,
c.o.D,E. The agency promotes
low-cost housing for the rural
poor through housing development activities, assists with the
deveiopment of new curriculum
in the local colleges, curriculum
to assist individuals who wish to
establish minority business ventures.
FCCA has supported the development of Los Negocios, a local
group composed of the rural poor.
The agency has also instructed
numerous rural poor ·on the mechanics of home purchas·e applications through federal housing
agencies.
The staff responds to numerous local needs and concerns and
constantly strives to educate the
rural poor on the complexities
of public and private services and
resources that can be made available to the poor.
Blood, Sweat & Tears
COLLEGIAN FOtlUM
THE BURI EL .•••.•
followed by toiled years.
{)Sflnions· exp_ressec;f in C~llegian
edit•r--iars; rn c I u d i,n g feature-
edit.-F ia,1 s· and commentaries b~
gu•tt-write.r.s , are not necessar-My those of Fresno State College
ar the student body~
2 .
THE DAILY COLLEGIA'N
Monday, "f?ecember 13, 1971
SOFT brown eyes twitch, flutter, and then open
Piercing deep into the soul
Questioning •.• Searching •••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •••
and tears start to fal I
The tears of hurt, .of pain, o~ confusion, of anger
The tears wh.ich were suppressed in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Tears have refreshed us and washed away the pah.
EDITORIAL
Hazards of farm labor housing
Recently in an article in the Fresno Guide (12-8-71), it was stated
that Fresno County Supervisor John Ventura said closing of farm
labor housing ts causing more problems than are being solved. He
mentioned that many farmworkers were being forced to live in more
expensive housing and commuted 30 to 35 miles to work. As an example, the V. C. Britton ranch was used.
At the Britton ranch state inspectors noted 88 violations of the
housing code. Two children were killed in a fire resulting from one
of these violations.
The article goes on to say that •a group of outsiders" asked for
the closure of the camp because· of the violations of the housing code.
This •outside" group ls composed of concerned citizens including
residents of farm labor camps. Mr. Ventura, do you not think that
the closure was brought about because of these violations? Do you
think that farm workers should continue to be exposed to these
hazardous and indecent conditions? Had Britton accepted his responsibility and maintained his camp in accordance with state regulations there would be no violations, his units would not be closed
and there would not · be any •outsiders" putting pressure on him to
give their workers decent living facilities.
There can be nothing held for these •outsiders• but respect.
They are concerned people who do not want farm workers exposed
to conditions hazardous to their life and property. Were it not for
people such as these, this country would be in far worse shape than
it is now.
-Grace Solis, Editor, La VozdeAztlan
Free performance of 'The Nutcracker'
Have your ninos or carnalitos
seen Tchaikovsky's •The Nut-
cracker"? Now is a chance for
them to see a performance they
will remember. FSC 's Las Adelitas will host a FREE performance of "The Nutcracker•
on Friday, Dec. 17, from 7 p.m.10 p.m. at the FresnoConvention
Center Theater. The ballet will
be performed by the Fresno Civic
Ballet Company.
Las Adelitas have arranged for
2,400 free seats for nuestra Raza.
In exchange, they have been managing the ticket sales for the ballet at the Fashion Fair outlet.
They will be managing the outlet
for the rest of this week. If you
have any free time please lend
them a hand.
For further information about
the FREE performance, contact
Esther or Luisa, La Raza Studies
Department, 487-2848.
Don't forget - the performance
is gratis para toda la familia!
-Delores Aguiniga
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
P\lblished five days a week except
holidays and examination periods b}
. the Fre,sno State · College Associa. tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sem,•,,ter, $15 a year. · Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephone
487-2486, . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
Editor-In-Chief ... Barbara McDowell
Day Editor . . . . . . . . . Grace Solis
Business Manager . . Edward Piston
Advertising Manager . . Wilbur Pauls
Reporters .
. Irma Alvarado,
Victoria Chacon, Hector Cortez ,
Joe Godina, Fernando Hernandez
STRONG brown hands loosen, quiver, then extend
Stretching far throughout the soul
Questioning •.• Serching .••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •.•
and sweat starts to fal I
The sweat of roil, of pain, and over-exerted strength
The sweat which fel I on the faces of our young
The sweat that continued to fall in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Sweat has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
8ROWN, soft skin, blemished with scars of the past
Irritated by the constant killings of our people
Our people for justice
And our young in Nam!
The scars of the past and the present •.•
let forth a pool of blood
The hlood of injustice
The blood of revenge
The blood of our men!
The blood which ran free in all our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in .vain
For the Blood has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
BEAUTIFUL Brown people, sti 11 alive and refreshed with hope
Our hands thrust out •.••
They link across the nation
An impermeable link of CARNALISMO! ! !) !
The flowing of the blood, sweat and the tears
The unification of the heart, the soul •••
Of Total Brown Man!
With minds bonded together we take our rightful stand.
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the BLOOD
the SWEAT,
and the TEARS have refreshed us
and washed away the pain.
-Sandi Hernandez
Business club meets with students
Last week , the Fresno State
College Chicano Business Students Asr.ociation went to McLane
High School to encourage Chicanos from McLane and Fresno
High Schools to enter college
and study business.
The group hopes to continue
presenting these assemblies
throughout the valley.
The group is currently working
in the community with minority
businessmen. They serve as consultants, help with bookkeeping
and help in any way they can.
Pete Garcia noted that 80 per
cent of small businesses opened
by Chicanos fail, while only 50
per cent of the general population
suffer failure.
Lionel Alvarado, EOP repre-
sentative. also attended the assembly and spoke to the students
about financial aid, tutoring and
counseling.
By Don Rowe and
Manuel Gonzales
EOP Office
The state of California has defined the Educational Opportunity
Program student as follows:
-He/she is an individual who
has the potential to perform on
the college level, but who is unable to realize that potential because of economic, cultural or
educational background or environment.
-He/sh is expected to participate fully in the range of
services provided by the program.
-He/ she is eligible for admission only under special procedures.
-He/she must be a resident of
the state of California.
Manuel Perez, program director, further states that the student who is enrolled in the program has much to offer the
college community and societyat-large in terms of more and
innovative productivity as well as
creativity.
Sociologically, the students as
a group act as vehicles to bring
into . their homes a new sense of
awareness with respect to education and a host of other opportunities that are available in today's society' opportunities that
can do a great deal to improve
the general economic and social
conditions of those who are in
dire need of such improvement.
The Educational Opportunity
Program has several thousand
students currently enrolled in the
various state colleges and universities. Many have already
graduated or are ·enrolled in
graduate programs.
The success of the program is
serving to further identify the
EOP student as the forerunner of
a new era of thought and direction on the parts of government
and the academic community.
History books of the future may
well describe the EOP student
as •a temporary type of student
that prevailed during the 1960's
and 1970's . . • " For the total
success of the program will spell
its eventual demise. Elimination
of the need for a program eliminates the program itself.
NOTICIAS
Christmas Open House
E.O.P. Office, Poom 238, New
Administration Bldg., Thursday,
Dec. 16, 11 a.m.-?. Refreshments will be served. Come and
join us!
(term papers) will be conducted by
Alex Saragoza on ·Wed. , Dec. 15,
3 p.m.-4 p.m. in the New Administration Bldg., Room 221.
Those involved in writing term-papers are urged to attend!
FRIDAY, DEC. 17 is the last day
to drop classes without complete
withdrawal.
FRIDAY, DEC. 17, is the deadline for supplemental material
for EOP spring 1972 applicants.
MAPA meeting on Friday, Dec.
17, at 7:30 p.m. The meeting
will be held at St. Theresa's
Church, corner of Floradora and
Wishon.
REGIONAL CHICANO YOUTH
CONFERENCE will begin on Friday, Dec. 17, through Sunday,
Dec. 19, in Fresno. For further
information contact La Raza
Studies, 487-2848 or Universidad de Aztlan, 268-7455.
3rd
TUTORIAL
WORKSHOP
MINORITY STUDENTS INTERESTED IN
GRADUATE TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL CAREERS
The University of California, Davis, encourages students from socially and -or
economically disadvantaged backgrounds and particularly students of ethnic
minorities to consider training in graduate or professional fields. The Davis
campus inv ites inquiries from prospective students regarding opPortun ities in the
following areas :
GRADUATE TRAIN IN<; - Master's and Ph .D . degrees in over 50 fields
HEALTH PROFESSIONS- Training leading to D.V.M. or M . D. degrees
LAW. Training leading to Doctor of Jurisprudence CJ. D.) degree
For further information concerning OPPortunities in these fields, educational
preparation, admission requirements, and sources of financial aid, please write
IMMEDIATELY to one of the following :
fresno fashion fair
FSC defin ifion
of EOP student
Richard D. Lee, Assistant Dean
School of Law
Dr. Alexander Barry, Associate Dean
Office of Student Affairs and Admissions
School of Medic ine
Dr. Jerry R. Gillespie, Associate Dean Dr. Martin P. 0ettinger, Associate Dean
School of Veterinary Medicine
Graduate Division
EUROPE 1972
CHARTER FLIGHTS
SPRING-SUMMER- FALL
SCHEDULES NOW AVAILABLE
Manv Flights ro Choose From
SAMPLE FARES
LONDON ~ $269
Roundtrip
LONDON from $129
One Way
Low Air Fare on
Inter-European Fli ghts
ISRAEL- AFR l CA-AS IA
International I.D. Card Available
Attention group Leaders:
Special flights arrangement for
small or large groups - ask for
details. For Information, Sche-
dules, Reservations CALL OR
1st and shaw...fresno
~niversity of California
Davis, California
95616
WRITE
CHARTER FLIGHTS INT.
995 MARKET STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94103
PHONE (415) 392-8513
The above is not sponsored by the
California State Colleges or b y the
Fresno State College Association, Inc.
4, . THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, December 13, 1971
Indian self-help
Center is developing p~ograms
(Continued from Page 3)
that can serve as a model for a
suffer the same problems of any
viable pre-school center for Inminority people moving from the
dian children. Plans are to hire
rural areas to the complicated
and frightening urban scene. But · a curriculum development specialist to develop •Indian studies"
the situation is further complifor the pre-school Indian child.
cated by the fact that the Bureau
To be included is a curriculum
of Indian Affairs services and its
of Indian studies for pre-school
Division of!ndian Health Services
children which can be useful in
are not available to those who
Head Start Programs and other
have left their traditional Indian
federally funded pre-school procommunities. They are expected
grams. This project has great
to use the services available to
implications in the field of Inall people and this ts probably
dian education.
right .. But right and reality are
The Center is now being funded
not always compatible and Indians
by
the Zale Foundation of Texas
are faced with the assurance from
and b.y the Lutheran Council of the
these agencies and institutions
National Indian Lutheran Board.
that •the Bureau oflndtanAffairs
Education
takes care of you." Unwilling to
AIO is also developing, coorsuffer another rebuff, many times
dinating and compiling meterial
these Indians are reluctant to try
generally termed •Indian studies"
again when they confront a comand is devoting time and effort
plication. Education on how to
to the research, development, and
use the services is needed but,
compilation of ideas for Indian
more urgently, the agencies and
education in the urban areas of
institutions concerned must be
our country. The need in this uneducated to speak to the needs
tapped and complicated field is
of Indians in the -urban areas of
great and AIO regards it as a
our country. The Urban Indian
priority. The education arm . of
Center of Dallas, Texas, where
our organization continues to
Indians are doing this job themwork with universities, colleges,
selves, is a step in this direcand prep schools, particularly on
tion.
the East Coast, to encourage and
As a result of hearings held
assist in the development of reby the author, under the auspices
cruiting, financial aid, and supof the National Council on Indian
portive services for Indian stuOpportunity, in an attempt to
dents.
focus attention on Indians living
AIO assisted Indians of Westin urban America, the American
ern New York State in establishIndian Center of Dallas was born.
ing an education, counseling, and
A group of Indian residents in
youth program. The youth proDallas saw the need for the
gram is designed for the peculiar
15,000 Indians in the Dallaseducational problems of young
F t. Worth area to be an effective
people on the reservation and Invoice in the community. Thus, the
dian youth in Buffalo and smaller
American Indian Center of Dallas
off-reserv~hon cities nearby. In
came into being. AIO committed
New York , where there are no
itself to funding the Center and
federally controlled reservas eeking permanent funding. It is
tions , land that is technically
hopeful that this Center, which is
reservation land has , over the
governed by a 22-member board
years, become interspersed with
of directors, ·can be the model
towns which have many nonfor a comprehensive Indian cenIndian residents. This presents
ter. It has three paid staff mema unique problem for New York
bers.
Indians. Their daily lives consist
T-he Center has been successful
of both a superficial integration
in setting up projects such as a
into the dominant society and
General Education Development
separate tribal existence. They
(GED) Program for adults to rework, live, and go to school with
ceive the equivalency of a high
non-Indi.a ns. However, the same
school education; a Youth Proprejudices exist against Indians
gram for youth ages 14 to 25;
here as elsewhere, albeit they
two Housewives Clubs; two Tuare more subtle. They live in
toring Programs for 1st through
the depths of poverty, have fewer
6th graders; an Indian Center
educational opportunities, and
Dance Group;andaPowWowClub
are in worse health than their
for youth. It also serves as a
fellow New Yorkers.
Sesame Street Viewing Center.
As part of this program, the
The Center is working on Family
formation of local boards is
Planning, Housing, and Legal Edplanned to represent parents and
ucation projects.
young people in the area. The
In addition, the Dallas Urban
program encourages students to
stay in school and to go to college or some other post-seconAVOID TERMPAPER PANIC!
dary educational insti tution. StuFor Help Write or Cal l:
dents are counseled on the social
Box 1199
problems they face as members
Cupertino, CA 95014
of a minority in the public school
(408) 732-98"'9
environm ent, on future plans, and
advice given to those who wish to
; want ads ·
2 BR furn acros s from dorms
-; hare or $45 person 439-6481
- ~sychedel ic I ight displays 2x4
\ channel, Walnut. 224-2683
f yping. IBM. Professional, Fast
~ Accurate. Cal I 439-6111
--=! oornmate wanted in Dorms.Call
~87-3845. ask for Denise 4-9 PM
, 1DERS NEEDED: On the way to
.:: leveland, O. via US 66. Leaving
--hursday, Dec. 16. Ph. 487-3451
==
continue their education, including all phases of the process of
gaining admission and obtaining
financial aid. It also brings them
together in Indian youth councils
to help further their academic
goals. Three Indian staff members operate the program.
Increasingly, AIO has found
that there is a real need for educational material on the elementary level. In cooperation
with Educational Challenges, Inc.,
an educational materials development firm, AIO wlll develop
approvimately eight books at the
4th grade reading level. This project serves two purposes,. It will:
(1) provide badly needed materials, and (2) give Indian authors a chance to write and publish their material. Manuscripts
will be solicited from sources
throughout the country under a
development project funded by the
National Endowment for the Humanities.
Economic Development
Activities
In partnership with Oklahomans
for Indian Opportunity, AIO is
co-owner of American Indian
Investment Opportun.i ties, Inc.
(AIIO). AIIO is the first and only
Indian-owned Small Business Investment Company licensed under the MESBIC program. It is
financed principally by funds
made available through the Ford
Foundation, the Ghetto Loan
Committee of the Executive
Council of the Episcopal Church,
and AIO and OIO, The company
will have its headquarters in
Norman, Oklahoma. Its principal
objective is to finance the acquisition or establishment of
small business concerns _owned
and operated by Indian communities and indi victuals. While its
operations will be centered primarily in the Southwest United
States , AIIO is willing to invest
in Indian-owned projects anywhere in the country if adequate
technical assistance can be provided to the project.
Native American Legal Defense
and Education Fund
AIO has established the Native
American Legal Defense and Education Fund (NALDEF) to protect and advocate the rights of
Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.
For too long, the Native American
has been the victim, rather than
the beneficiary, of the ·laws and
regulations supposedly promulgated on his behalf. American
Indians are desperately in need
of legal assistance, not only as
individuals, but also as a special
class of citizens whose lives are
governed by more than 2,000
regulations , 389 treaties, 5,000
statutes, 2,000 Federal court decisions, 500 Attorney Generals'
opinions , and 33 volumes of the
Indian Affairs Manual.
A principal role of the NALDEF
will be to monitor Government
programs to insure that these
programs and agencies are responsive to the needs of Indian
people.
NALDEF hopes eventually to
provide legal assistance to those
with problems concerning all aspects of discrimination. Another
role will be to educate Indian
citizens concerning their legal
rights under Federal, State, and
local laws. Above all, NALDEF
seeks to serve as a strong and
articulate advocate on behalf of
Indian rights in matters of law
and social policy.
In its factfinding studies, the
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
has discovered substantial evidence of scarce job opportunities
for Indians. Almost 60 per cent
of employment agencies surveyed
in Minneapolis stated that the labor market discriminates against
Indians.
AIO has found that Bureau of
Indian Affairs policies in regard
to the holding and disposal of
property by Native Americans
must be investigated and corrected. Too often in the name of
"guardianship," BIA has used its
power to cause forced sales of
Indian property and to declare
wills and individuals incompetent. Usually the result is the
transfer of property and assets
from Indians to non-Indians. Regulations and policies which restrict an Indian in the free exercise of his rights as a citizen
must be challenged. A national office is being staffed by AIO to
begin this badly needed program.
AIO Action Council
The AIO Action Council is a
separate corporation which operates on a non-profit basis to promote social welfare.
The role of the AIO Action
Council is to study proposed
legislation by the Congress that
affects Indians. The Council supports or opposes such legislation
and Legislative Alerts are prepared and sent to Indian groups,
tribes, and other individuals who
can be helpful.
AIO attempts to bridge the
communications gap between Native Americans and the communities in which they reside. Re-
PLAY GOLF
Th e gam e of a lifetim e
at
FIG GARDEN
COURSE GOLF
Buy all y o ur
golf equipment at
LOMBARDO
GOLF SHOP
7700 N. \'an Ness .
Fresno 93705
Phone -1 39-2928
OPEN E \ 'E R\" DAY .
USED CLUBS
at a ll pri ces
SLAC KS from $ 12 .: . .
HAIRCUT
liable information concerning the
Native American is sr.arce and
difficult to find. Our school systems have made no attempt to
correct the stereotypes and
falsehoods which have been created with respect to the American
Indian. There is a great need for
special books , films , materials
and other aids to assist thos;
working with Indians, particularly teachers, AIO hopes to secure
funds to develop materials to fit
these needs . It is time to recognize the artistic and cultural
achievements of Native Americans, current and past , and the
impact they have made on the
development of American life.
An Advocate for Indians
In line with self-determination
AIO believes in assisting Nativ;
Americans to operate their own
programs evaluate them, and
generally run their own affairs.
AIO seeks to serve as a national
advocate in Washington for all
Native Americans. It monitors
Federal agencies to assure that
Indian programs are fairly and
properly administered and seeks
to take advantage of Federal
Government programs and grants
which car:i be of benefit toindians
on a local or national scale.
AIO works with all other national organizations, groups, and
tribes in the common cause, toward making that • American
Dream" less a dream and more
of a reality.
-Reprinted from
Civil Rights Digest
Spring 1971
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LA
LAN
MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1971
LXXVll/56
-FCCA
Servir al pueblo
Fresno County Community Action (FCCA) is a county-wide non
profit incorporated organization
that is presently working with no
fewer than 18 rural communities
in Fresno County. FCCA Board of
Directors is made up of representatives of the poor from the
rural poverty communities ofthe
area. The Directors are elected
by a democratic process for limited terms of two years. The
present director, Mr. Jess Quintery, has been active in Chicano
organizations and politics for
many years.
The FCCA staff has been involved in the organization of the
Association of Mexican-American Parents, a non profit community organization oriented
towards involving Spanish-speaking parents in the educational
systems o~e area.
The agency also assisted with
the investigation of violence during a farmworkers labor dispute;
application of statutes of the
California Education Code; investigation of_brutality charges
against school personnel and the
establishment of adult education
(Above) Staff members Lily Torres, Rachel Payan, David Rodriguez,
Ana Rodriguez, Lola Jimenez and Guadalupe Sauceda.
(Right) Lily Torres, Executiye Secretary for FCCA.
Texas, LA County
rated worst
The US Civil Rights Commission reported early this week that
Texas, along with Los Angeles
County, schools are the worst in
the nation in the education of
Chicanos. _
It also said that California's
overall education is better than
the other Southwestern states,
although its performance is still
poor.
The studies were made on a
survey os school districts in Arizona, California, Colorado, New
Mexico and Texas. These states
have more than six million of
the nine million Spanish-speaking
Americans.
This report was the first documentation of its sort. Subjects
covered in the survey included
reading r e ta rd a ti on , dropout
r~tes, how often the pupils repeat
a grade and the extent of their
participation in extracurricular
activities. Los Angeles served
as a lone study because of the
high concentration of Chicano
students.
Texas was regarded as the
worst in the nation because of the
poor results of the study in a region which is heavily populated
by Ch.,;anos. Loss than 2 per cent
of Dallas County teachers are
Chicanos, while Chicanos make
up 1O per cent of the population.
•
nation
These figures show a reflection
of some of the problems in educating Chicano children. There
are not enough teachers that can
relate to the students. The dropout rate in Texas is estimated
to be at 70 per cent or more,
California was called the best
because of its low percentage of
Chicano pupils behind their normal grade. Only 2.3 per cent
were two or more years behind,
compared to an average of 9 per
cent for the five other Southwestern states.
This low percentage is attributed to California's process of
passing children whether they
deserve it or not. This encourages the child to stay in school
and can be helpful in preventing
dropouts.
The report also stated that
.California Chicano students have
a better chance of entering college.
EOP meeting
A general meeting of all
FSC Educational Opportunity Program students .will
take place at 4p.m. Wednesday in the east wing of the
Cafeteria. All EOP students
are urged to attend.
h
.I.
classes in various rural communities.
The FCCA staff has also been
involved in the organization of
community newsletters and the
formation of a county-wide organization to promote inspection
of sub-standard housing,
c.o.D,E. The agency promotes
low-cost housing for the rural
poor through housing development activities, assists with the
deveiopment of new curriculum
in the local colleges, curriculum
to assist individuals who wish to
establish minority business ventures.
FCCA has supported the development of Los Negocios, a local
group composed of the rural poor.
The agency has also instructed
numerous rural poor ·on the mechanics of home purchas·e applications through federal housing
agencies.
The staff responds to numerous local needs and concerns and
constantly strives to educate the
rural poor on the complexities
of public and private services and
resources that can be made available to the poor.
Blood, Sweat & Tears
COLLEGIAN FOtlUM
THE BURI EL .•••.•
followed by toiled years.
{)Sflnions· exp_ressec;f in C~llegian
edit•r--iars; rn c I u d i,n g feature-
edit.-F ia,1 s· and commentaries b~
gu•tt-write.r.s , are not necessar-My those of Fresno State College
ar the student body~
2 .
THE DAILY COLLEGIA'N
Monday, "f?ecember 13, 1971
SOFT brown eyes twitch, flutter, and then open
Piercing deep into the soul
Questioning •.• Searching •••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •••
and tears start to fal I
The tears of hurt, .of pain, o~ confusion, of anger
The tears wh.ich were suppressed in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Tears have refreshed us and washed away the pah.
EDITORIAL
Hazards of farm labor housing
Recently in an article in the Fresno Guide (12-8-71), it was stated
that Fresno County Supervisor John Ventura said closing of farm
labor housing ts causing more problems than are being solved. He
mentioned that many farmworkers were being forced to live in more
expensive housing and commuted 30 to 35 miles to work. As an example, the V. C. Britton ranch was used.
At the Britton ranch state inspectors noted 88 violations of the
housing code. Two children were killed in a fire resulting from one
of these violations.
The article goes on to say that •a group of outsiders" asked for
the closure of the camp because· of the violations of the housing code.
This •outside" group ls composed of concerned citizens including
residents of farm labor camps. Mr. Ventura, do you not think that
the closure was brought about because of these violations? Do you
think that farm workers should continue to be exposed to these
hazardous and indecent conditions? Had Britton accepted his responsibility and maintained his camp in accordance with state regulations there would be no violations, his units would not be closed
and there would not · be any •outsiders" putting pressure on him to
give their workers decent living facilities.
There can be nothing held for these •outsiders• but respect.
They are concerned people who do not want farm workers exposed
to conditions hazardous to their life and property. Were it not for
people such as these, this country would be in far worse shape than
it is now.
-Grace Solis, Editor, La VozdeAztlan
Free performance of 'The Nutcracker'
Have your ninos or carnalitos
seen Tchaikovsky's •The Nut-
cracker"? Now is a chance for
them to see a performance they
will remember. FSC 's Las Adelitas will host a FREE performance of "The Nutcracker•
on Friday, Dec. 17, from 7 p.m.10 p.m. at the FresnoConvention
Center Theater. The ballet will
be performed by the Fresno Civic
Ballet Company.
Las Adelitas have arranged for
2,400 free seats for nuestra Raza.
In exchange, they have been managing the ticket sales for the ballet at the Fashion Fair outlet.
They will be managing the outlet
for the rest of this week. If you
have any free time please lend
them a hand.
For further information about
the FREE performance, contact
Esther or Luisa, La Raza Studies
Department, 487-2848.
Don't forget - the performance
is gratis para toda la familia!
-Delores Aguiniga
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
P\lblished five days a week except
holidays and examination periods b}
. the Fre,sno State · College Associa. tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sem,•,,ter, $15 a year. · Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephone
487-2486, . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
Editor-In-Chief ... Barbara McDowell
Day Editor . . . . . . . . . Grace Solis
Business Manager . . Edward Piston
Advertising Manager . . Wilbur Pauls
Reporters .
. Irma Alvarado,
Victoria Chacon, Hector Cortez ,
Joe Godina, Fernando Hernandez
STRONG brown hands loosen, quiver, then extend
Stretching far throughout the soul
Questioning •.• Serching .••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •.•
and sweat starts to fal I
The sweat of roil, of pain, and over-exerted strength
The sweat which fel I on the faces of our young
The sweat that continued to fall in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Sweat has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
8ROWN, soft skin, blemished with scars of the past
Irritated by the constant killings of our people
Our people for justice
And our young in Nam!
The scars of the past and the present •.•
let forth a pool of blood
The hlood of injustice
The blood of revenge
The blood of our men!
The blood which ran free in all our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in .vain
For the Blood has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
BEAUTIFUL Brown people, sti 11 alive and refreshed with hope
Our hands thrust out •.••
They link across the nation
An impermeable link of CARNALISMO! ! !) !
The flowing of the blood, sweat and the tears
The unification of the heart, the soul •••
Of Total Brown Man!
With minds bonded together we take our rightful stand.
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the BLOOD
the SWEAT,
and the TEARS have refreshed us
and washed away the pain.
-Sandi Hernandez
Business club meets with students
Last week , the Fresno State
College Chicano Business Students Asr.ociation went to McLane
High School to encourage Chicanos from McLane and Fresno
High Schools to enter college
and study business.
The group hopes to continue
presenting these assemblies
throughout the valley.
The group is currently working
in the community with minority
businessmen. They serve as consultants, help with bookkeeping
and help in any way they can.
Pete Garcia noted that 80 per
cent of small businesses opened
by Chicanos fail, while only 50
per cent of the general population
suffer failure.
Lionel Alvarado, EOP repre-
sentative. also attended the assembly and spoke to the students
about financial aid, tutoring and
counseling.
By Don Rowe and
Manuel Gonzales
EOP Office
The state of California has defined the Educational Opportunity
Program student as follows:
-He/she is an individual who
has the potential to perform on
the college level, but who is unable to realize that potential because of economic, cultural or
educational background or environment.
-He/sh is expected to participate fully in the range of
services provided by the program.
-He/ she is eligible for admission only under special procedures.
-He/she must be a resident of
the state of California.
Manuel Perez, program director, further states that the student who is enrolled in the program has much to offer the
college community and societyat-large in terms of more and
innovative productivity as well as
creativity.
Sociologically, the students as
a group act as vehicles to bring
into . their homes a new sense of
awareness with respect to education and a host of other opportunities that are available in today's society' opportunities that
can do a great deal to improve
the general economic and social
conditions of those who are in
dire need of such improvement.
The Educational Opportunity
Program has several thousand
students currently enrolled in the
various state colleges and universities. Many have already
graduated or are ·enrolled in
graduate programs.
The success of the program is
serving to further identify the
EOP student as the forerunner of
a new era of thought and direction on the parts of government
and the academic community.
History books of the future may
well describe the EOP student
as •a temporary type of student
that prevailed during the 1960's
and 1970's . . • " For the total
success of the program will spell
its eventual demise. Elimination
of the need for a program eliminates the program itself.
NOTICIAS
Christmas Open House
E.O.P. Office, Poom 238, New
Administration Bldg., Thursday,
Dec. 16, 11 a.m.-?. Refreshments will be served. Come and
join us!
(term papers) will be conducted by
Alex Saragoza on ·Wed. , Dec. 15,
3 p.m.-4 p.m. in the New Administration Bldg., Room 221.
Those involved in writing term-papers are urged to attend!
FRIDAY, DEC. 17 is the last day
to drop classes without complete
withdrawal.
FRIDAY, DEC. 17, is the deadline for supplemental material
for EOP spring 1972 applicants.
MAPA meeting on Friday, Dec.
17, at 7:30 p.m. The meeting
will be held at St. Theresa's
Church, corner of Floradora and
Wishon.
REGIONAL CHICANO YOUTH
CONFERENCE will begin on Friday, Dec. 17, through Sunday,
Dec. 19, in Fresno. For further
information contact La Raza
Studies, 487-2848 or Universidad de Aztlan, 268-7455.
3rd
TUTORIAL
WORKSHOP
MINORITY STUDENTS INTERESTED IN
GRADUATE TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL CAREERS
The University of California, Davis, encourages students from socially and -or
economically disadvantaged backgrounds and particularly students of ethnic
minorities to consider training in graduate or professional fields. The Davis
campus inv ites inquiries from prospective students regarding opPortun ities in the
following areas :
GRADUATE TRAIN IN<; - Master's and Ph .D . degrees in over 50 fields
HEALTH PROFESSIONS- Training leading to D.V.M. or M . D. degrees
LAW. Training leading to Doctor of Jurisprudence CJ. D.) degree
For further information concerning OPPortunities in these fields, educational
preparation, admission requirements, and sources of financial aid, please write
IMMEDIATELY to one of the following :
fresno fashion fair
FSC defin ifion
of EOP student
Richard D. Lee, Assistant Dean
School of Law
Dr. Alexander Barry, Associate Dean
Office of Student Affairs and Admissions
School of Medic ine
Dr. Jerry R. Gillespie, Associate Dean Dr. Martin P. 0ettinger, Associate Dean
School of Veterinary Medicine
Graduate Division
EUROPE 1972
CHARTER FLIGHTS
SPRING-SUMMER- FALL
SCHEDULES NOW AVAILABLE
Manv Flights ro Choose From
SAMPLE FARES
LONDON ~ $269
Roundtrip
LONDON from $129
One Way
Low Air Fare on
Inter-European Fli ghts
ISRAEL- AFR l CA-AS IA
International I.D. Card Available
Attention group Leaders:
Special flights arrangement for
small or large groups - ask for
details. For Information, Sche-
dules, Reservations CALL OR
1st and shaw...fresno
~niversity of California
Davis, California
95616
WRITE
CHARTER FLIGHTS INT.
995 MARKET STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94103
PHONE (415) 392-8513
The above is not sponsored by the
California State Colleges or b y the
Fresno State College Association, Inc.
4, . THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, December 13, 1971
Indian self-help
Center is developing p~ograms
(Continued from Page 3)
that can serve as a model for a
suffer the same problems of any
viable pre-school center for Inminority people moving from the
dian children. Plans are to hire
rural areas to the complicated
and frightening urban scene. But · a curriculum development specialist to develop •Indian studies"
the situation is further complifor the pre-school Indian child.
cated by the fact that the Bureau
To be included is a curriculum
of Indian Affairs services and its
of Indian studies for pre-school
Division of!ndian Health Services
children which can be useful in
are not available to those who
Head Start Programs and other
have left their traditional Indian
federally funded pre-school procommunities. They are expected
grams. This project has great
to use the services available to
implications in the field of Inall people and this ts probably
dian education.
right .. But right and reality are
The Center is now being funded
not always compatible and Indians
by
the Zale Foundation of Texas
are faced with the assurance from
and b.y the Lutheran Council of the
these agencies and institutions
National Indian Lutheran Board.
that •the Bureau oflndtanAffairs
Education
takes care of you." Unwilling to
AIO is also developing, coorsuffer another rebuff, many times
dinating and compiling meterial
these Indians are reluctant to try
generally termed •Indian studies"
again when they confront a comand is devoting time and effort
plication. Education on how to
to the research, development, and
use the services is needed but,
compilation of ideas for Indian
more urgently, the agencies and
education in the urban areas of
institutions concerned must be
our country. The need in this uneducated to speak to the needs
tapped and complicated field is
of Indians in the -urban areas of
great and AIO regards it as a
our country. The Urban Indian
priority. The education arm . of
Center of Dallas, Texas, where
our organization continues to
Indians are doing this job themwork with universities, colleges,
selves, is a step in this direcand prep schools, particularly on
tion.
the East Coast, to encourage and
As a result of hearings held
assist in the development of reby the author, under the auspices
cruiting, financial aid, and supof the National Council on Indian
portive services for Indian stuOpportunity, in an attempt to
dents.
focus attention on Indians living
AIO assisted Indians of Westin urban America, the American
ern New York State in establishIndian Center of Dallas was born.
ing an education, counseling, and
A group of Indian residents in
youth program. The youth proDallas saw the need for the
gram is designed for the peculiar
15,000 Indians in the Dallaseducational problems of young
F t. Worth area to be an effective
people on the reservation and Invoice in the community. Thus, the
dian youth in Buffalo and smaller
American Indian Center of Dallas
off-reserv~hon cities nearby. In
came into being. AIO committed
New York , where there are no
itself to funding the Center and
federally controlled reservas eeking permanent funding. It is
tions , land that is technically
hopeful that this Center, which is
reservation land has , over the
governed by a 22-member board
years, become interspersed with
of directors, ·can be the model
towns which have many nonfor a comprehensive Indian cenIndian residents. This presents
ter. It has three paid staff mema unique problem for New York
bers.
Indians. Their daily lives consist
T-he Center has been successful
of both a superficial integration
in setting up projects such as a
into the dominant society and
General Education Development
separate tribal existence. They
(GED) Program for adults to rework, live, and go to school with
ceive the equivalency of a high
non-Indi.a ns. However, the same
school education; a Youth Proprejudices exist against Indians
gram for youth ages 14 to 25;
here as elsewhere, albeit they
two Housewives Clubs; two Tuare more subtle. They live in
toring Programs for 1st through
the depths of poverty, have fewer
6th graders; an Indian Center
educational opportunities, and
Dance Group;andaPowWowClub
are in worse health than their
for youth. It also serves as a
fellow New Yorkers.
Sesame Street Viewing Center.
As part of this program, the
The Center is working on Family
formation of local boards is
Planning, Housing, and Legal Edplanned to represent parents and
ucation projects.
young people in the area. The
In addition, the Dallas Urban
program encourages students to
stay in school and to go to college or some other post-seconAVOID TERMPAPER PANIC!
dary educational insti tution. StuFor Help Write or Cal l:
dents are counseled on the social
Box 1199
problems they face as members
Cupertino, CA 95014
of a minority in the public school
(408) 732-98"'9
environm ent, on future plans, and
advice given to those who wish to
; want ads ·
2 BR furn acros s from dorms
-; hare or $45 person 439-6481
- ~sychedel ic I ight displays 2x4
\ channel, Walnut. 224-2683
f yping. IBM. Professional, Fast
~ Accurate. Cal I 439-6111
--=! oornmate wanted in Dorms.Call
~87-3845. ask for Denise 4-9 PM
, 1DERS NEEDED: On the way to
.:: leveland, O. via US 66. Leaving
--hursday, Dec. 16. Ph. 487-3451
==
continue their education, including all phases of the process of
gaining admission and obtaining
financial aid. It also brings them
together in Indian youth councils
to help further their academic
goals. Three Indian staff members operate the program.
Increasingly, AIO has found
that there is a real need for educational material on the elementary level. In cooperation
with Educational Challenges, Inc.,
an educational materials development firm, AIO wlll develop
approvimately eight books at the
4th grade reading level. This project serves two purposes,. It will:
(1) provide badly needed materials, and (2) give Indian authors a chance to write and publish their material. Manuscripts
will be solicited from sources
throughout the country under a
development project funded by the
National Endowment for the Humanities.
Economic Development
Activities
In partnership with Oklahomans
for Indian Opportunity, AIO is
co-owner of American Indian
Investment Opportun.i ties, Inc.
(AIIO). AIIO is the first and only
Indian-owned Small Business Investment Company licensed under the MESBIC program. It is
financed principally by funds
made available through the Ford
Foundation, the Ghetto Loan
Committee of the Executive
Council of the Episcopal Church,
and AIO and OIO, The company
will have its headquarters in
Norman, Oklahoma. Its principal
objective is to finance the acquisition or establishment of
small business concerns _owned
and operated by Indian communities and indi victuals. While its
operations will be centered primarily in the Southwest United
States , AIIO is willing to invest
in Indian-owned projects anywhere in the country if adequate
technical assistance can be provided to the project.
Native American Legal Defense
and Education Fund
AIO has established the Native
American Legal Defense and Education Fund (NALDEF) to protect and advocate the rights of
Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.
For too long, the Native American
has been the victim, rather than
the beneficiary, of the ·laws and
regulations supposedly promulgated on his behalf. American
Indians are desperately in need
of legal assistance, not only as
individuals, but also as a special
class of citizens whose lives are
governed by more than 2,000
regulations , 389 treaties, 5,000
statutes, 2,000 Federal court decisions, 500 Attorney Generals'
opinions , and 33 volumes of the
Indian Affairs Manual.
A principal role of the NALDEF
will be to monitor Government
programs to insure that these
programs and agencies are responsive to the needs of Indian
people.
NALDEF hopes eventually to
provide legal assistance to those
with problems concerning all aspects of discrimination. Another
role will be to educate Indian
citizens concerning their legal
rights under Federal, State, and
local laws. Above all, NALDEF
seeks to serve as a strong and
articulate advocate on behalf of
Indian rights in matters of law
and social policy.
In its factfinding studies, the
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
has discovered substantial evidence of scarce job opportunities
for Indians. Almost 60 per cent
of employment agencies surveyed
in Minneapolis stated that the labor market discriminates against
Indians.
AIO has found that Bureau of
Indian Affairs policies in regard
to the holding and disposal of
property by Native Americans
must be investigated and corrected. Too often in the name of
"guardianship," BIA has used its
power to cause forced sales of
Indian property and to declare
wills and individuals incompetent. Usually the result is the
transfer of property and assets
from Indians to non-Indians. Regulations and policies which restrict an Indian in the free exercise of his rights as a citizen
must be challenged. A national office is being staffed by AIO to
begin this badly needed program.
AIO Action Council
The AIO Action Council is a
separate corporation which operates on a non-profit basis to promote social welfare.
The role of the AIO Action
Council is to study proposed
legislation by the Congress that
affects Indians. The Council supports or opposes such legislation
and Legislative Alerts are prepared and sent to Indian groups,
tribes, and other individuals who
can be helpful.
AIO attempts to bridge the
communications gap between Native Americans and the communities in which they reside. Re-
PLAY GOLF
Th e gam e of a lifetim e
at
FIG GARDEN
COURSE GOLF
Buy all y o ur
golf equipment at
LOMBARDO
GOLF SHOP
7700 N. \'an Ness .
Fresno 93705
Phone -1 39-2928
OPEN E \ 'E R\" DAY .
USED CLUBS
at a ll pri ces
SLAC KS from $ 12 .: . .
HAIRCUT
liable information concerning the
Native American is sr.arce and
difficult to find. Our school systems have made no attempt to
correct the stereotypes and
falsehoods which have been created with respect to the American
Indian. There is a great need for
special books , films , materials
and other aids to assist thos;
working with Indians, particularly teachers, AIO hopes to secure
funds to develop materials to fit
these needs . It is time to recognize the artistic and cultural
achievements of Native Americans, current and past , and the
impact they have made on the
development of American life.
An Advocate for Indians
In line with self-determination
AIO believes in assisting Nativ;
Americans to operate their own
programs evaluate them, and
generally run their own affairs.
AIO seeks to serve as a national
advocate in Washington for all
Native Americans. It monitors
Federal agencies to assure that
Indian programs are fairly and
properly administered and seeks
to take advantage of Federal
Government programs and grants
which car:i be of benefit toindians
on a local or national scale.
AIO works with all other national organizations, groups, and
tribes in the common cause, toward making that • American
Dream" less a dream and more
of a reality.
-Reprinted from
Civil Rights Digest
Spring 1971
EXTRA
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OPIN EVERY SU AY
LAN
MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1971
LXXVll/56
-FCCA
Servir al pueblo
Fresno County Community Action (FCCA) is a county-wide non
profit incorporated organization
that is presently working with no
fewer than 18 rural communities
in Fresno County. FCCA Board of
Directors is made up of representatives of the poor from the
rural poverty communities ofthe
area. The Directors are elected
by a democratic process for limited terms of two years. The
present director, Mr. Jess Quintery, has been active in Chicano
organizations and politics for
many years.
The FCCA staff has been involved in the organization of the
Association of Mexican-American Parents, a non profit community organization oriented
towards involving Spanish-speaking parents in the educational
systems o~e area.
The agency also assisted with
the investigation of violence during a farmworkers labor dispute;
application of statutes of the
California Education Code; investigation of_brutality charges
against school personnel and the
establishment of adult education
(Above) Staff members Lily Torres, Rachel Payan, David Rodriguez,
Ana Rodriguez, Lola Jimenez and Guadalupe Sauceda.
(Right) Lily Torres, Executiye Secretary for FCCA.
Texas, LA County
rated worst
The US Civil Rights Commission reported early this week that
Texas, along with Los Angeles
County, schools are the worst in
the nation in the education of
Chicanos. _
It also said that California's
overall education is better than
the other Southwestern states,
although its performance is still
poor.
The studies were made on a
survey os school districts in Arizona, California, Colorado, New
Mexico and Texas. These states
have more than six million of
the nine million Spanish-speaking
Americans.
This report was the first documentation of its sort. Subjects
covered in the survey included
reading r e ta rd a ti on , dropout
r~tes, how often the pupils repeat
a grade and the extent of their
participation in extracurricular
activities. Los Angeles served
as a lone study because of the
high concentration of Chicano
students.
Texas was regarded as the
worst in the nation because of the
poor results of the study in a region which is heavily populated
by Ch.,;anos. Loss than 2 per cent
of Dallas County teachers are
Chicanos, while Chicanos make
up 1O per cent of the population.
•
nation
These figures show a reflection
of some of the problems in educating Chicano children. There
are not enough teachers that can
relate to the students. The dropout rate in Texas is estimated
to be at 70 per cent or more,
California was called the best
because of its low percentage of
Chicano pupils behind their normal grade. Only 2.3 per cent
were two or more years behind,
compared to an average of 9 per
cent for the five other Southwestern states.
This low percentage is attributed to California's process of
passing children whether they
deserve it or not. This encourages the child to stay in school
and can be helpful in preventing
dropouts.
The report also stated that
.California Chicano students have
a better chance of entering college.
EOP meeting
A general meeting of all
FSC Educational Opportunity Program students .will
take place at 4p.m. Wednesday in the east wing of the
Cafeteria. All EOP students
are urged to attend.
h
.I.
classes in various rural communities.
The FCCA staff has also been
involved in the organization of
community newsletters and the
formation of a county-wide organization to promote inspection
of sub-standard housing,
c.o.D,E. The agency promotes
low-cost housing for the rural
poor through housing development activities, assists with the
deveiopment of new curriculum
in the local colleges, curriculum
to assist individuals who wish to
establish minority business ventures.
FCCA has supported the development of Los Negocios, a local
group composed of the rural poor.
The agency has also instructed
numerous rural poor ·on the mechanics of home purchas·e applications through federal housing
agencies.
The staff responds to numerous local needs and concerns and
constantly strives to educate the
rural poor on the complexities
of public and private services and
resources that can be made available to the poor.
Blood, Sweat & Tears
COLLEGIAN FOtlUM
THE BURI EL .•••.•
followed by toiled years.
{)Sflnions· exp_ressec;f in C~llegian
edit•r--iars; rn c I u d i,n g feature-
edit.-F ia,1 s· and commentaries b~
gu•tt-write.r.s , are not necessar-My those of Fresno State College
ar the student body~
2 .
THE DAILY COLLEGIA'N
Monday, "f?ecember 13, 1971
SOFT brown eyes twitch, flutter, and then open
Piercing deep into the soul
Questioning •.• Searching •••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •••
and tears start to fal I
The tears of hurt, .of pain, o~ confusion, of anger
The tears wh.ich were suppressed in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Tears have refreshed us and washed away the pah.
EDITORIAL
Hazards of farm labor housing
Recently in an article in the Fresno Guide (12-8-71), it was stated
that Fresno County Supervisor John Ventura said closing of farm
labor housing ts causing more problems than are being solved. He
mentioned that many farmworkers were being forced to live in more
expensive housing and commuted 30 to 35 miles to work. As an example, the V. C. Britton ranch was used.
At the Britton ranch state inspectors noted 88 violations of the
housing code. Two children were killed in a fire resulting from one
of these violations.
The article goes on to say that •a group of outsiders" asked for
the closure of the camp because· of the violations of the housing code.
This •outside" group ls composed of concerned citizens including
residents of farm labor camps. Mr. Ventura, do you not think that
the closure was brought about because of these violations? Do you
think that farm workers should continue to be exposed to these
hazardous and indecent conditions? Had Britton accepted his responsibility and maintained his camp in accordance with state regulations there would be no violations, his units would not be closed
and there would not · be any •outsiders" putting pressure on him to
give their workers decent living facilities.
There can be nothing held for these •outsiders• but respect.
They are concerned people who do not want farm workers exposed
to conditions hazardous to their life and property. Were it not for
people such as these, this country would be in far worse shape than
it is now.
-Grace Solis, Editor, La VozdeAztlan
Free performance of 'The Nutcracker'
Have your ninos or carnalitos
seen Tchaikovsky's •The Nut-
cracker"? Now is a chance for
them to see a performance they
will remember. FSC 's Las Adelitas will host a FREE performance of "The Nutcracker•
on Friday, Dec. 17, from 7 p.m.10 p.m. at the FresnoConvention
Center Theater. The ballet will
be performed by the Fresno Civic
Ballet Company.
Las Adelitas have arranged for
2,400 free seats for nuestra Raza.
In exchange, they have been managing the ticket sales for the ballet at the Fashion Fair outlet.
They will be managing the outlet
for the rest of this week. If you
have any free time please lend
them a hand.
For further information about
the FREE performance, contact
Esther or Luisa, La Raza Studies
Department, 487-2848.
Don't forget - the performance
is gratis para toda la familia!
-Delores Aguiniga
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
P\lblished five days a week except
holidays and examination periods b}
. the Fre,sno State · College Associa. tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sem,•,,ter, $15 a year. · Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephone
487-2486, . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
Editor-In-Chief ... Barbara McDowell
Day Editor . . . . . . . . . Grace Solis
Business Manager . . Edward Piston
Advertising Manager . . Wilbur Pauls
Reporters .
. Irma Alvarado,
Victoria Chacon, Hector Cortez ,
Joe Godina, Fernando Hernandez
STRONG brown hands loosen, quiver, then extend
Stretching far throughout the soul
Questioning •.• Serching .••
They close for an instant as if to regain their strength
Suddenly they spring open •.•
and sweat starts to fal I
The sweat of roil, of pain, and over-exerted strength
The sweat which fel I on the faces of our young
The sweat that continued to fall in al I our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the Sweat has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
8ROWN, soft skin, blemished with scars of the past
Irritated by the constant killings of our people
Our people for justice
And our young in Nam!
The scars of the past and the present •.•
let forth a pool of blood
The hlood of injustice
The blood of revenge
The blood of our men!
The blood which ran free in all our sleepless nights!
Our night was long, but not in .vain
For the Blood has refreshed us and washed away the pain.
BEAUTIFUL Brown people, sti 11 alive and refreshed with hope
Our hands thrust out •.••
They link across the nation
An impermeable link of CARNALISMO! ! !) !
The flowing of the blood, sweat and the tears
The unification of the heart, the soul •••
Of Total Brown Man!
With minds bonded together we take our rightful stand.
Our night was long, but not in vain
For the BLOOD
the SWEAT,
and the TEARS have refreshed us
and washed away the pain.
-Sandi Hernandez
Business club meets with students
Last week , the Fresno State
College Chicano Business Students Asr.ociation went to McLane
High School to encourage Chicanos from McLane and Fresno
High Schools to enter college
and study business.
The group hopes to continue
presenting these assemblies
throughout the valley.
The group is currently working
in the community with minority
businessmen. They serve as consultants, help with bookkeeping
and help in any way they can.
Pete Garcia noted that 80 per
cent of small businesses opened
by Chicanos fail, while only 50
per cent of the general population
suffer failure.
Lionel Alvarado, EOP repre-
sentative. also attended the assembly and spoke to the students
about financial aid, tutoring and
counseling.
By Don Rowe and
Manuel Gonzales
EOP Office
The state of California has defined the Educational Opportunity
Program student as follows:
-He/she is an individual who
has the potential to perform on
the college level, but who is unable to realize that potential because of economic, cultural or
educational background or environment.
-He/sh is expected to participate fully in the range of
services provided by the program.
-He/ she is eligible for admission only under special procedures.
-He/she must be a resident of
the state of California.
Manuel Perez, program director, further states that the student who is enrolled in the program has much to offer the
college community and societyat-large in terms of more and
innovative productivity as well as
creativity.
Sociologically, the students as
a group act as vehicles to bring
into . their homes a new sense of
awareness with respect to education and a host of other opportunities that are available in today's society' opportunities that
can do a great deal to improve
the general economic and social
conditions of those who are in
dire need of such improvement.
The Educational Opportunity
Program has several thousand
students currently enrolled in the
various state colleges and universities. Many have already
graduated or are ·enrolled in
graduate programs.
The success of the program is
serving to further identify the
EOP student as the forerunner of
a new era of thought and direction on the parts of government
and the academic community.
History books of the future may
well describe the EOP student
as •a temporary type of student
that prevailed during the 1960's
and 1970's . . • " For the total
success of the program will spell
its eventual demise. Elimination
of the need for a program eliminates the program itself.
NOTICIAS
Christmas Open House
E.O.P. Office, Poom 238, New
Administration Bldg., Thursday,
Dec. 16, 11 a.m.-?. Refreshments will be served. Come and
join us!
(term papers) will be conducted by
Alex Saragoza on ·Wed. , Dec. 15,
3 p.m.-4 p.m. in the New Administration Bldg., Room 221.
Those involved in writing term-papers are urged to attend!
FRIDAY, DEC. 17 is the last day
to drop classes without complete
withdrawal.
FRIDAY, DEC. 17, is the deadline for supplemental material
for EOP spring 1972 applicants.
MAPA meeting on Friday, Dec.
17, at 7:30 p.m. The meeting
will be held at St. Theresa's
Church, corner of Floradora and
Wishon.
REGIONAL CHICANO YOUTH
CONFERENCE will begin on Friday, Dec. 17, through Sunday,
Dec. 19, in Fresno. For further
information contact La Raza
Studies, 487-2848 or Universidad de Aztlan, 268-7455.
3rd
TUTORIAL
WORKSHOP
MINORITY STUDENTS INTERESTED IN
GRADUATE TRAINING & PROFESSIONAL CAREERS
The University of California, Davis, encourages students from socially and -or
economically disadvantaged backgrounds and particularly students of ethnic
minorities to consider training in graduate or professional fields. The Davis
campus inv ites inquiries from prospective students regarding opPortun ities in the
following areas :
GRADUATE TRAIN IN<; - Master's and Ph .D . degrees in over 50 fields
HEALTH PROFESSIONS- Training leading to D.V.M. or M . D. degrees
LAW. Training leading to Doctor of Jurisprudence CJ. D.) degree
For further information concerning OPPortunities in these fields, educational
preparation, admission requirements, and sources of financial aid, please write
IMMEDIATELY to one of the following :
fresno fashion fair
FSC defin ifion
of EOP student
Richard D. Lee, Assistant Dean
School of Law
Dr. Alexander Barry, Associate Dean
Office of Student Affairs and Admissions
School of Medic ine
Dr. Jerry R. Gillespie, Associate Dean Dr. Martin P. 0ettinger, Associate Dean
School of Veterinary Medicine
Graduate Division
EUROPE 1972
CHARTER FLIGHTS
SPRING-SUMMER- FALL
SCHEDULES NOW AVAILABLE
Manv Flights ro Choose From
SAMPLE FARES
LONDON ~ $269
Roundtrip
LONDON from $129
One Way
Low Air Fare on
Inter-European Fli ghts
ISRAEL- AFR l CA-AS IA
International I.D. Card Available
Attention group Leaders:
Special flights arrangement for
small or large groups - ask for
details. For Information, Sche-
dules, Reservations CALL OR
1st and shaw...fresno
~niversity of California
Davis, California
95616
WRITE
CHARTER FLIGHTS INT.
995 MARKET STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94103
PHONE (415) 392-8513
The above is not sponsored by the
California State Colleges or b y the
Fresno State College Association, Inc.
4, . THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, December 13, 1971
Indian self-help
Center is developing p~ograms
(Continued from Page 3)
that can serve as a model for a
suffer the same problems of any
viable pre-school center for Inminority people moving from the
dian children. Plans are to hire
rural areas to the complicated
and frightening urban scene. But · a curriculum development specialist to develop •Indian studies"
the situation is further complifor the pre-school Indian child.
cated by the fact that the Bureau
To be included is a curriculum
of Indian Affairs services and its
of Indian studies for pre-school
Division of!ndian Health Services
children which can be useful in
are not available to those who
Head Start Programs and other
have left their traditional Indian
federally funded pre-school procommunities. They are expected
grams. This project has great
to use the services available to
implications in the field of Inall people and this ts probably
dian education.
right .. But right and reality are
The Center is now being funded
not always compatible and Indians
by
the Zale Foundation of Texas
are faced with the assurance from
and b.y the Lutheran Council of the
these agencies and institutions
National Indian Lutheran Board.
that •the Bureau oflndtanAffairs
Education
takes care of you." Unwilling to
AIO is also developing, coorsuffer another rebuff, many times
dinating and compiling meterial
these Indians are reluctant to try
generally termed •Indian studies"
again when they confront a comand is devoting time and effort
plication. Education on how to
to the research, development, and
use the services is needed but,
compilation of ideas for Indian
more urgently, the agencies and
education in the urban areas of
institutions concerned must be
our country. The need in this uneducated to speak to the needs
tapped and complicated field is
of Indians in the -urban areas of
great and AIO regards it as a
our country. The Urban Indian
priority. The education arm . of
Center of Dallas, Texas, where
our organization continues to
Indians are doing this job themwork with universities, colleges,
selves, is a step in this direcand prep schools, particularly on
tion.
the East Coast, to encourage and
As a result of hearings held
assist in the development of reby the author, under the auspices
cruiting, financial aid, and supof the National Council on Indian
portive services for Indian stuOpportunity, in an attempt to
dents.
focus attention on Indians living
AIO assisted Indians of Westin urban America, the American
ern New York State in establishIndian Center of Dallas was born.
ing an education, counseling, and
A group of Indian residents in
youth program. The youth proDallas saw the need for the
gram is designed for the peculiar
15,000 Indians in the Dallaseducational problems of young
F t. Worth area to be an effective
people on the reservation and Invoice in the community. Thus, the
dian youth in Buffalo and smaller
American Indian Center of Dallas
off-reserv~hon cities nearby. In
came into being. AIO committed
New York , where there are no
itself to funding the Center and
federally controlled reservas eeking permanent funding. It is
tions , land that is technically
hopeful that this Center, which is
reservation land has , over the
governed by a 22-member board
years, become interspersed with
of directors, ·can be the model
towns which have many nonfor a comprehensive Indian cenIndian residents. This presents
ter. It has three paid staff mema unique problem for New York
bers.
Indians. Their daily lives consist
T-he Center has been successful
of both a superficial integration
in setting up projects such as a
into the dominant society and
General Education Development
separate tribal existence. They
(GED) Program for adults to rework, live, and go to school with
ceive the equivalency of a high
non-Indi.a ns. However, the same
school education; a Youth Proprejudices exist against Indians
gram for youth ages 14 to 25;
here as elsewhere, albeit they
two Housewives Clubs; two Tuare more subtle. They live in
toring Programs for 1st through
the depths of poverty, have fewer
6th graders; an Indian Center
educational opportunities, and
Dance Group;andaPowWowClub
are in worse health than their
for youth. It also serves as a
fellow New Yorkers.
Sesame Street Viewing Center.
As part of this program, the
The Center is working on Family
formation of local boards is
Planning, Housing, and Legal Edplanned to represent parents and
ucation projects.
young people in the area. The
In addition, the Dallas Urban
program encourages students to
stay in school and to go to college or some other post-seconAVOID TERMPAPER PANIC!
dary educational insti tution. StuFor Help Write or Cal l:
dents are counseled on the social
Box 1199
problems they face as members
Cupertino, CA 95014
of a minority in the public school
(408) 732-98"'9
environm ent, on future plans, and
advice given to those who wish to
; want ads ·
2 BR furn acros s from dorms
-; hare or $45 person 439-6481
- ~sychedel ic I ight displays 2x4
\ channel, Walnut. 224-2683
f yping. IBM. Professional, Fast
~ Accurate. Cal I 439-6111
--=! oornmate wanted in Dorms.Call
~87-3845. ask for Denise 4-9 PM
, 1DERS NEEDED: On the way to
.:: leveland, O. via US 66. Leaving
--hursday, Dec. 16. Ph. 487-3451
==
continue their education, including all phases of the process of
gaining admission and obtaining
financial aid. It also brings them
together in Indian youth councils
to help further their academic
goals. Three Indian staff members operate the program.
Increasingly, AIO has found
that there is a real need for educational material on the elementary level. In cooperation
with Educational Challenges, Inc.,
an educational materials development firm, AIO wlll develop
approvimately eight books at the
4th grade reading level. This project serves two purposes,. It will:
(1) provide badly needed materials, and (2) give Indian authors a chance to write and publish their material. Manuscripts
will be solicited from sources
throughout the country under a
development project funded by the
National Endowment for the Humanities.
Economic Development
Activities
In partnership with Oklahomans
for Indian Opportunity, AIO is
co-owner of American Indian
Investment Opportun.i ties, Inc.
(AIIO). AIIO is the first and only
Indian-owned Small Business Investment Company licensed under the MESBIC program. It is
financed principally by funds
made available through the Ford
Foundation, the Ghetto Loan
Committee of the Executive
Council of the Episcopal Church,
and AIO and OIO, The company
will have its headquarters in
Norman, Oklahoma. Its principal
objective is to finance the acquisition or establishment of
small business concerns _owned
and operated by Indian communities and indi victuals. While its
operations will be centered primarily in the Southwest United
States , AIIO is willing to invest
in Indian-owned projects anywhere in the country if adequate
technical assistance can be provided to the project.
Native American Legal Defense
and Education Fund
AIO has established the Native
American Legal Defense and Education Fund (NALDEF) to protect and advocate the rights of
Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.
For too long, the Native American
has been the victim, rather than
the beneficiary, of the ·laws and
regulations supposedly promulgated on his behalf. American
Indians are desperately in need
of legal assistance, not only as
individuals, but also as a special
class of citizens whose lives are
governed by more than 2,000
regulations , 389 treaties, 5,000
statutes, 2,000 Federal court decisions, 500 Attorney Generals'
opinions , and 33 volumes of the
Indian Affairs Manual.
A principal role of the NALDEF
will be to monitor Government
programs to insure that these
programs and agencies are responsive to the needs of Indian
people.
NALDEF hopes eventually to
provide legal assistance to those
with problems concerning all aspects of discrimination. Another
role will be to educate Indian
citizens concerning their legal
rights under Federal, State, and
local laws. Above all, NALDEF
seeks to serve as a strong and
articulate advocate on behalf of
Indian rights in matters of law
and social policy.
In its factfinding studies, the
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
has discovered substantial evidence of scarce job opportunities
for Indians. Almost 60 per cent
of employment agencies surveyed
in Minneapolis stated that the labor market discriminates against
Indians.
AIO has found that Bureau of
Indian Affairs policies in regard
to the holding and disposal of
property by Native Americans
must be investigated and corrected. Too often in the name of
"guardianship," BIA has used its
power to cause forced sales of
Indian property and to declare
wills and individuals incompetent. Usually the result is the
transfer of property and assets
from Indians to non-Indians. Regulations and policies which restrict an Indian in the free exercise of his rights as a citizen
must be challenged. A national office is being staffed by AIO to
begin this badly needed program.
AIO Action Council
The AIO Action Council is a
separate corporation which operates on a non-profit basis to promote social welfare.
The role of the AIO Action
Council is to study proposed
legislation by the Congress that
affects Indians. The Council supports or opposes such legislation
and Legislative Alerts are prepared and sent to Indian groups,
tribes, and other individuals who
can be helpful.
AIO attempts to bridge the
communications gap between Native Americans and the communities in which they reside. Re-
PLAY GOLF
Th e gam e of a lifetim e
at
FIG GARDEN
COURSE GOLF
Buy all y o ur
golf equipment at
LOMBARDO
GOLF SHOP
7700 N. \'an Ness .
Fresno 93705
Phone -1 39-2928
OPEN E \ 'E R\" DAY .
USED CLUBS
at a ll pri ces
SLAC KS from $ 12 .: . .
HAIRCUT
liable information concerning the
Native American is sr.arce and
difficult to find. Our school systems have made no attempt to
correct the stereotypes and
falsehoods which have been created with respect to the American
Indian. There is a great need for
special books , films , materials
and other aids to assist thos;
working with Indians, particularly teachers, AIO hopes to secure
funds to develop materials to fit
these needs . It is time to recognize the artistic and cultural
achievements of Native Americans, current and past , and the
impact they have made on the
development of American life.
An Advocate for Indians
In line with self-determination
AIO believes in assisting Nativ;
Americans to operate their own
programs evaluate them, and
generally run their own affairs.
AIO seeks to serve as a national
advocate in Washington for all
Native Americans. It monitors
Federal agencies to assure that
Indian programs are fairly and
properly administered and seeks
to take advantage of Federal
Government programs and grants
which car:i be of benefit toindians
on a local or national scale.
AIO works with all other national organizations, groups, and
tribes in the common cause, toward making that • American
Dream" less a dream and more
of a reality.
-Reprinted from
Civil Rights Digest
Spring 1971
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