La Voz de Aztlan, May 1 1971
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, May 1 1971
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
5/1/1971
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00021
extracted text
LIBRA Y
De t. of s ecial Co lections
MONDAY, MAY 3, 1971
La Semana De La Raza
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter,
dreamer, true revolutionary
By Jim Gallardo and Frank Arnold
(San Jose, California)
CPA Special
(In our Raza's struggle for the land, there have
been many heroes and heroines. The teachers and
books of the educational system here almost never
tell us about them. but today we are beginning to
win back our history and our heroes.
One of the most neglected names in that history
is Ricardo Flores Magon - a true revolutionary
of Mexico - who inspired Emiliano Zapata; who
moved many campesinos to action with his newspaper "La Regeneracion;" who lived for sometime
in Los Angeles and was treated by the wlice there
just as mexicanos are treated today' who died at
the age of 50 in Leavenworth Prison, U.S.A. Here
is the story of his life.-El Grito.)
Ricardo Flores Magon was born in the state of
Oaxaca, Mexico, on the birthdate of Mexican independence - 16 de septiembre - in the year
1873. Oaxaca lies in the southern part of the country and the population is mainly Mixtec and Zapotec Indian. Ricardo's father was Indian and his
mother Mestiza. The boy had the opportunity to
observe firsthand the communal living of the Indians. He was never to forget this lesson.
The family moved to Mexico City in the 1890's
and Ricardo and his two brothers attended the
University. Many people were !3,lready protesting
the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, a man of the
upper class who cared nothing for Indians and encouraged foreigners to buy up Mexico's land, oil,
and mines, and who kept himself in power as President for 30 years by so-called "re-election."
Ricardo was arrested for the first time in his life
during a student-worker demonstration against
Diaz.
Shortly after that, Ricardo's father died and l)e
was forced to abandon political struggle to help
support his sick mother. But the oppression of the
Diaz regime became so bad that Magon could not
remain inactive. In 1900hejoinedtheLiberalParty,
founded by Camilo Arriaga. He also founded the
newspaper "La Regeneracion, • which strongly criticized the Diaz government. It was at this time
that Magon began reading the works of Marx,
Engels and Bakunin.
Imprisoned for his writings in 1903,Ricardowas
released the next year and fled to the United States.
He was soon joined by other Mexicanos and they
'
formed the "Organizing Junta of the Liberal Party"
with Magon as president. The junta's two main
purposes were to undermine the power of the Diaz
regime by the power of the written word. and to
make the Liberal Party into a revolutionary force.
"La Regeneracion" was circulated throughout
Mexico, underground. Its influence is considered
to be the major factor in building upworking-class
opposition to Diaz. Magon was becoming one of
the world's great radical journalists.
In 1906, the Liberal Party issued a manifesto
calling for land reform, guaranteed minimum
wages, breaking the power of the Catholic Church
and other reforms. It strongly attacked capitalism
and urged the Mexicanos to get rid of their imperialist oppt:essors: The party organized uprisings and strikes all over Mexico. Although it was
called •Liberal," the party was much more radical
than the word "liberal" means today.
In the U.s., the FBI and Pinkerton detectives
working for the Mexican government continually
harrassed the junta. In August~l907, Magon and
two others were arrested and beaten by the Los
Angeles police. From then to 1910, Magan was
held in jails in. Los Angeles, St. Louis, Yuma and
Florence, Arizona on charges of "violation of
neutrality laws." But the real reason for the arrests was that the U.S. government saw the possibility of meaking a deal with the other major
opponent to Diaz - Francisco Madero. His group,
the Anti-Reelectionist Party, wasn't demanding land
reform or an end to capitalism but just "free
elections and no re-election." The U.s. knew it
could never make a deal with Magon.
In 1910, "La Regeneracion" began to publish
again. The junta opened an office at 519-1/2 East
4th Street in Los Angeles, with the aid of a $400
grant from the labor ·movement. Magon began to
attack Madero again, pointing out that an upperclass politician like Madero could never lead a real
revolution in Mexico. The Liberal Party slogan was
changed from "Reforma, Libertad, Justicia" to the
revolutionary "Tierra y L ibertad!" Emiliano Zapata
spread many of Magon's ideas and fought under
that slogan, although he did not call himself an
•anarquista" as Magoo did.
Porfirio Diaz was finally overthrown and Madero
became President in 1911. But it was only a political revolution, as Magon had predicted - not a
social one. And so the U.S. was supporting Madero.
Meanwhile, Magoo and others were still pushing
(Continued on Page 3, Col. 1)
•::-~ .·,
.-:;:':~,:~:::;
Chicano culture: hear none---see none---speak none
The significance of the
Cinco de Mayo celebration
"Estamos chingados• were the
words of my grandfather. "Por
que dice eso, abuelito?" I asked
desperately as if my whole life
depended on his answer.
He
leaned back in his chair under
the hot Mexicali sun to make what
seemed his last and final proclamation to the world. "Porque mi
hijo, WE DARE TO BE MEN."
Our entire history was summed
up in these few words "WE DARE
TO BE MEN." For this reason
alone, our history has been one
of great sacrifice and plight of
the masses; in retaliance, many
heroes have risen, Cuathemoc,
Hidalgo, Morelos, Juarez, Murrietta, Zapata, Villa! But these
are not the true heroes, the true
heroes have always been the people, OUR PEOPLE, LA RAZA
DE BRONZE. We journey over
that same path today which our
padres journeyed, that desolate
path which leads us to our destiny, to its ultimate end - TIERRA Y LIBERT AD.
To continue with determination
and continuance, our bodies must
be replenished with re n ewe d
spirit. This is why we seek our
history. In our history is our people-, in our people are our roots,
and in our roots is our soul. Our
past will lead us to our future.
The emperor of France, Napoleon III, wanted to occupy Mexico. In May, 1862, French General Laurencez started his march
from Veracruz to the capital of
Mexico, Mexico City. The French
army consisted of 6,000 wellarmed troops.
The French army's only probable obstacle on the way to Mexico Ctty was the city of Puebla
which was defended by 4,000 of
our people. Ill-equipped and amateuristic, they dared stand up to
the French army which had not
suffered a defeat in half a century against Europe's finest
troops. Led by General Ignacio
Zaragoza, our army defeated Europe's finest troops on that historic day, May 5, 1862. Ragged·
and outnumbered, the deter.mining force which led us to victory
was spirit and courage.
This date, May 5, 1862, is celebrated by all Mexicanos wherever
they may be. On this day the battle of Puebla was fought, one of
the great triumphs in our people's
struggle for indeJ,)endence and
freedom.
In order to understand the fervent feeling toward this national
holiday, it is necessary to acquaint ourselves with some of·
the reasons behind this intense
and urgent compulsion to commemorate the heroic efforts of
our people at that time.
In the year 1862, Mexico's
President Benito Juarez was
faced with a tremendous national
debt and a treasury which consisted of very meager funds, and
found it necessary to suspend
payment of the nation a 1 debt.
Since the American Civil War
was in progress at this time,
and this, in effect, negated the
provisions of the Monroe Doctrine, Mexico's principal creditors, Spain, England, and France,
attempted to take advantage of
this situation and under the pretense of collecting a debt sought
to impose a monarch oftheirown
choice upon a seemingly helpless
country.
Napoleon III of France during
this period was faced with unrest
among his own French people,
and desperately was in need of
a victorious war in order to reassure his position as emperor of
France. He, therefore, made a
demand of a fantastic sum of
money (12 million pesos) upon the
Mexican government hoping that
Mexico would be unable to pay
and be forced to engage itself in
a war with all three countries,
England, Spain and France;
whereupon France would ultimately emerge victorious. However, when England and Spain realized that if they proceeded as
planned it would surely lead to
dangerous conflict With France,
they decided it would not be
worthwhile and abandoned the
dangerous venture, leaving
France to continue alone with its
selfish plans of conquest. Napoleon III was not only planning
to build himself an empire in
Mexico, but was actually looking
ahead to then aiding the Southern
States in their fight against the
North in order to procure the
South's cotton which was much
needed by France, and possibly
had visions of later building a
French Empire in North America as well.
But Napoleon III was not destined to see his visions of grandeur materialize. As General
Laurencez arrived from France
with a large army, Napoleon III
sent one of his emissaries to set
up a provisional government in
Mexico with himself as emperor,
and proceeded in commanding the
French army to occupy Mexico
City.
The French General, a veteran
of many great victories had only
contempt for our •1owly" army
that awaited the French's •superior• forces in Puebla. On that
historic day, the French General
gave th,e order to attack Puebla,
and to ridicule our ragged resistance, which was mostly
equipped with antiquated guns,
directed his attack to the middle
of our defense, which was General
Zaragoza 's strongest pos1t1on.
After three bloody assauJts upon
(Continued on Page 3, Col. I)
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
Cinco de Mayo en San Quentin
MECHA! THE FIRST STEP
MECHA ts a first step to tying the student groups throughout
the Southwest into a vibrant and
responsive network of activists
that will respond as a unit tt>
oppression and racism and that
will work 1n harmony when int-
ttattng and carrying out campaigns of liberation for our people.
As of present · wherever one
travels throughout the Southwest,
one finds that there are different
levels of awareness on different
campuses. It is the function of
MECHA to further socialization
and politicization for liberation
on all campuses. The student
movement is to a large degree a
political movement and as such
must not illicit from our people
the negative responses that we
have experienced so often in the
past in relation to politics, and
often with good reason, To this
end then, we must re-define politics for our people to be a means
Stop and ask yourself where are
of liberation. The political soyou going, and you will probably
phistication of aur Raza must be
think in terms of your future,
raised so that they do not fall
and you will probably answer in
prey to apologists and vendidos
terms as to what you are workwhose whole interest is their pering for or what you wish to besonal career or fortune. In addicome.
tion the student movement ts
But stop and look around you, · , more than a political movement,
are you taking part in the changes
it is cultural and social as well.
that are going on around you or
The spirit of MECHA must be one
are you telllng yourself that you
can do nothing to initiate change
today. Bear in mind that the
changes today will control your
life tomorrow. Are you so convinced that you can do nothing for
change, that you wm stand by
and let others control your destiny. Are you so apathetic to the
cause of the day that you choose
By Manuel Delgado
to close your eyes and narrow
The concept of La Raza Unida
your mind to the point that you
Party, already a practical reality
will now have become a vegein South Texas, was born out of
t_able in the white man's world;
frustration and the realization
letting him pick you at his whlm
that in this country nobody is
for his purpose. He has congoing to help us but ourselves.
trolled your life until now, will
It was the realization, also, that
you let ht m continue in control
even in this highly individualistic
or will you stand on your feet
society, power is still based on
and get off your knees and demand
the unity of interest groups.
your rightful place in our society.
The idea of a Raza party is
We must all have the right as
based on the assumption that all
men and women to decide on our
Chicanos or Latinos have enough
destiny, we must not allow others
in common to unify under one
to deny us our right to life.
leadership. In other such at-Reprinted from
tempts, La Raza has proven perLa Vida Nueva, April 1971
haps more indi viduallstic than the•
anglo. Supporters of the party
should be allowed to work primarily on social problems in the
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
communtties close to them and
the Fresno State College Associatheir families. Therefore much
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office,
thought must be given ta both the
Keats Campus Building, telephone
nature
and the structure of the
487-2486. Business office, College
party before embarking on exUnion 316, telephone 487-2266. '
tensive organizing efforts.
Opinions expressed in Daily Collegian special editions ere not necesIf the organizers of La Raza
sarily those of Fresno State College
Unida Party keep in mind strong
or the student body.
EDITORIAL
Ask
y'ourself
of •hermandad• and cu 1tu r
por el J opo Trejo
a1
awareness. The ethic of profit ,,· ~
and competition, of greed and intolerance which the Anglo society
offers must be replaced by our
ancestral communalism and love
for beauty and justice. MECHA
· must bring to the mind of every
young Chicano that the liberation
of his people from prejudice and
oppression ts tn his hands and
this responsib111ty is greater than
personal achievement and more
meaningful than degrees, especially tf they are earned at the
expense of his identity and cultural integrity.
,
MECHA then , is more than a
name, it is a spirit of unity, of
brotherhood and a resolve to undertake a struggle for liberation
in a society where justice is but
a word. MECHA is a means to
an end.
"If I am not for myself, then
who wilI be?
"If I am only for myself, then
what am I?
"If not now, when?"
-TALMUD
I awoke to the sounds of jangling keys, and-,.as I tried to get
myself together, I also was trying to see the window between
the steel bars of my cell to see how it looked outside and to
see what kind of day it would be, cloudy, sunny or what? For
another day of my daily routine, then I heard someone call me,
•Ese carnal (brother) Japa, feliz Cinco de Mayo,• the voice
was from a few cells down, it was a carnal named Chino. I
answered back igualmente (the same), and also to your celly,
Gabby and to all La Raza, then there were a few VIV A shouts
here and there, but it was going to be another r~utine day
for all of us carnales here. There would be no fiesta, qancing
or parade, but within our own corazon, there was a joy and a
feeling full of pride.
After I had my breakfast, I went to the big and crowded yard.
Like every morning the •pintos" were walking and talking, and
some leaning against the walls, waiting for the work call whistle
for us to go to work and do our daily thing. But as I came out
and strolled a bit , I didn't get too far, I was approached and
greeted with a big smile and a •Chicano Raza" handshake, and
I felt the pride and deep feelings of this special day, the culture
and the spirit of my •Chicano carnales , • was strongly felt and
expressed. The common greeting for the day was, "Feliz
Cinco de Mayo," Carnal, there was •carnalismo" at San Quentin
on our day.
For dinner we had a burrito, tamale, frijoles and arroz (rice).
It WiiS as close to home as we would ever get being in here. I
wonder what the 16th of September will be like? But, that's the
way it went for us on Cinco de Mayo, 1970 here at San Quentin.
Viva la Raza - Aztlan! !
'FROM SMALL PROBLEMS ON
La Raza Unida Party: a political movement
regional loyalties of Chicanos and
the importance of respect for
individuality that characterizes
Chicanos, the party has a good
chance. The leadership to date
has shown great patience and tolerance of differences, and it is
this patience together with good
leadership that gives the party a
chance of succeeding.
GRASSROOTS
The leadership will need to distinguish a political party from a
polltical movement and the leadership will also need to properly
allocate resources. It is apparent, even though there are tendencies to emphasize the status
symbols of a legitimate p~rty,
such as running candidates, and
opening offices, the majority of
those in attendance insist that the
party's immediate goal is to work
in the barrios to solve both immediate problems and build an
identification with a polltical
movement.
A political party is the tool or
machine that a movement uses to
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters ·. . . . . . . . Ofelia Garcia, ·
Esperanza Rodrigue.z,
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia,
'Pat Aguirre, Grace Solis
Emergency senate session will
SELL
YOUR
USED
BOOKS
EVERY
WED~
9AM-4PM·:
.a t
FS.C
s·ooKSTORE
decide May 5 campus action
The Fresno State College Stu- · · the protest by dismissing clasdent Senate will meet in special
ses, easing attendance requiresession today to consider Wedments or devoting class periods
nesday's proposed activities proto discussion of the war.
testing the Indochina War and
Wednesday's anti-war activilast year's kiliing of student antities were first c.:,nsidered by the
war demonstrators.
senate at last week's session. At
Scheduled for consideration is
that time, the body voted to rea resolution asking FSC students
quest the administration to canto refrain from attending classes
cel classes for the entire day in
from 11 a.m. - 2p.m. Wednesday.
protest of the Southeast Asian
Instead, it requests that students
War and Kent and Jackson State
attend the planned convocation in
slayings.
the Amphitheater and rally in the
The ~ction was later attacked
Free Speech Area.
by Chicano students who feared
· The resolution, authored by
that cancellation of classes would
Sophomore Class Senator Woody
force the elimination of their
Brooks, also asks the college
planned Cinco de Mayo activities.
faculty and administration to join
Citing the, "irresponsibility• of
the senate's demand and its neglect of the Cinco de Mayo activities, Student Senate President
Pro Tern Phil Sherwood asked
Student President Bill Jones to
IMPROVE GRADES
··
Improve Grados While Devotln•
veto the request for class canThe Same Amount Of Time To Study
USE STUDY SOUNDS
cellation. Jones has thus far
lnc,use Your Concentration And Improve
Your Comprahension. Study At A Futer Rate.
failed to take action on the resoELECTRONICALLY PRODUCED SOUNDS
CAUSE THIS TO HAPPEN
lution.
1
8 Track T■:. el!:S!W:''~r LP Record
Today's special senate session
Sand Ch.ck or Money Order - $9.95 Each
Include 75c Handlin• and Posta1e
will begin at 2 p.m. in the ColSound Concepts, Inc., - Box 3852
Charlott•vlll■, Va. 22902
lege Union.
STUDY SOVNDS
· make their demands legitimate.
Most movements have eventually
organized their own political party to manage the politics on a
state or national level. Therefore, a real movement is almost
a necessity before a legitimate
party can emerge. In Texas, for
example, the party was built on
the basis· of a Raza Unida Movement. The rhetoric ts important.
A party machine should be the
result of a conscious effort to
legitimize and sustain the goals
of a movement. The organizers
should avoid establishing a vanguard image if it truly intends
to be a party of the people.
CHAVEZ AS A LESSON
The wisdom of this approach is
exemplified by the United Farmworkers. Before actual development or management of the union
was undertaken, Chavez began to
build support for the union. The
union develops and the leadership emerges as the support increases. Otherwise all the energies are used up in managing
and organizing before its importance is recognized. What should
be considered as an organizing
method is the establishment of
a Raza Unida Organizing Committee. Instead of local chapters
there should be organizing committees in each community whose
objective should be the , building
of support for a Raza Unida Movement. There would be, as the
Farmworkers are experiences, a
natural emergence of purpose and
national leadership.
PRIORITIES
The leadership should consider
putting off running candidates for
the time being. One reason is
that resources are scarce. The
time and money spent on elections could be better used to solve
local problems and develop party
identification.
Chicanos have basically the
same expectations as other people and they learn sooner or later
not to :ict merely on faith. The
Raza Unida Party can build a real
identification with the party if it
just develops credibility in the
community. . By taking small
problems and solving them, people see accomplishments, their
expectations rise and they will
then act more readily in support of other efforts. The party
should not take on problems it
cannot solve. It should build its
reputation or successes in solving problems, not just on militancy. The more the com muntty
sees success, however small, the
more they will see the party as a
meaningful alternative. The more
support the party gets the bigger
problems it can solve.
La Raza Unida will become a
party of the people only if it is
built by the people; and the people
will build the party if it solves
their immediate problems.
-Reprinted from
La Voz Del Pueblo (Jan.)
Plan Espiritual de Aztlan
In the spirit of a new people that is conscious not only of its proud
historical heritage, but also of the brutal "gringo• invasion of our
territories, we, the Chicano inhabitants and civilizers of the northern
land of Aztlan, from whence came our forefathers, reclaiming the
land of their birth and consecrating the determination of our people
of the sun, ·declare that the call of our blood is our power, our
responsibility, and our inevitable destiny.
We are free and· sovereign to determine those tasks which are
justly called for by our house, our land , the sweat of our brows, and
by our hearts. Aztlan belongs to those that plant the seeds , water
the fields, and gathe r the crops , and not to the foreign Europeans.
We do not recognize capricious frontiers on the BRONZE CONTINENT.
Brotherhood unites us, and love for our brothers makes us a people
whose time has come and who struggles against the foreigner "gabacho" who exploits our riches, and destroys our culture. With our
heart in our hands and our hands in the soil, we declare the independence of our Mestizo nation. We are a bronze people with a bronze
culture. Before the world, before all of North America before all
our brothers in the bronze continent, we are a natio~, we are a
union of free pueblos, WE ARE AZTLAN.
POR LA RAZA TODO
FUERA DE LA RAZA NADA
Monday, May 3, 1971
LETTER TO NIXON
Chicano hero returns Navy Cross
Richard Nixon
White House
Washington, D.C.
Sir:
Enclosed is the Navy Cross
awarded to me for having cap-
Celebration
(Continued from Page 1)
Puebla (in which over a thousand
French troops died) the once
handsomely uniformed French
army was defeated and humiliated
and driven back by our outnumbered and poorly equipped troops.
The battle of Cinco de Mayo
was instrumental in keeping the
Americas from once again falling
under European control. The integrity of Mexico was defended.
Freedom was victorious over
oppression.
The victory brought our country together for the first time in
a true national spirit. This was
another step forward in our journey to reach the ultimate goal Tierra y Libertad - for without
it we would be lost in the void.
QUE VIVA MEXICO - QUE
VIVA LA RAZA DE BRONZE
•si mi hijo, estamos chingados,
for WE DARE TO BE MEN.• QUE
VIVAN LOS RIJOS DE LA CI-IlN •..
tured more prisoners singlehanded (2,000 Japanese) than anyone in the military history of t,pe
United States. I was very proud
of the Navy Cross as a symbol
of my country's regard for my
services.
It has taken much contemplation to come to this decision. I
had always hoped that things
would come better for my people,
the Mexican-Americans, and for
all minorities for that matter.
But as far as I can see, under
your administration, bigotry is
gaining ground.
Therefore, since I'm considered a second class citizen by
you and your fellow WASPS ; and
I have been refused a hotel room,
because of my ethnic background,
in the country that I fought for;
and that my people, the Mexicans, are consistently treated in
an undignified manner at border
crossings when they are about
to visit the United States; and
that when I was a candidate for
the U.S. Congress I was called
a Mexican Wetback Candidate by
my FELLOW REPUBLICANS; for
these reasons and for so many
more, I feel that I no longer desire to have in my possession an
award from your CORRUPT, IMMORAL, DACADENT AND BIGOTED government.
I think it would do well to learn
a few lessons from your neighbor, Mexico. In Mexico there is
no discrimination against anyone
because of his race, color or
creed. Mexico is prospering because it lives and lets live. Mexico does not MISTREAT, EMBARRASS MANHANDLE, BELITTLE NOR HARASS its visitors when they cross the border.
CAN YOU SAY THIS ABOUT THE
UNITED ST ATES?
Your type of government stole
most of the Western United States
from Mexico. I know that it would
be next to impossible that this
land be given back to its rightful owners, but it is not impossible that the Mexican-American
be given his rightful status as a
dignified human being.
I know that because of your
stand you will have your •boys•
harass me, but be assured that
I will ftgh as hard for my fellow
Mexican-Americans as I did for
my country during World War II.
You're on your last leg, Tricky
Dick. You've played the Left, the
Center and the Right. Where do
you go from here?
Sincerely
Guy Gabaldon
Av. Hidalgo 854
Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
September 28, 1969
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter, dreamer
(Continued from Page 1)
for a real social revolution. Some of the Liberal
Party forces fought in Chihuahua, until forced to
disarm there by Madero in February, 1911. Magonista forces also took to the field in Baja, California. U.S. President Taft called out 20,000 troops
to seal off the border between Baja California and
the U.S. At one point, Madero offered the VicePresidency of Mexico to Magon if he would stop
the military campaign of the Liberals. Magon indignantly refused.
The Liberals captured Mexicali in January, 1911
and for nearly six months controlled most of the
border area. They were supported by Anglo members of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World),
a radical trade union movement, known as •the
Wobblies• in the U.S.
After the Liberals captured San Quentin and
Tijuana, they announced that soon land would be
taken from the rich and it would be given to the
Indians, the poor, of Baja California and the rest
of Mexico as the revolution came to power.
But the revolution was not destined to come to
power. An Anglo clown and publicity seeker named
Dick Ferris was taking advantage of the persistent
reports in the U.S. press that the Magonistas
were going to separate Baja California from the
rest of Mexico and set it up as an independent
republic. This rumor - a total lie - had .been
encouraged by Madero, so as to weaken Mexfoano
support for the Liberals. Now this Dick Ferris
announced hi ms elf • Provisional President of Lower
California,• with the apparent backing of the press.
Flores Magon ordered Ferris shot on sight if he
appeared on Mexican soil, but the damage was
done. The people lost faith in the Liberal Party,
which had other difficulties as well. The federal
soldiers under Madero were able to regroup and,
in June of 1911, they defeated the Magonista forces
in a battle which spelled the end of the revolt.
But in southern Mexico, Emiliano Zapata carried
on the struggle for •Tierra y Libertad• while in
the north "Pancho" Villa fought U.S. troops as well
as federal forces. President Madero was replaced
by Huerta, who was replaced in turn by Carranza
while the people's struggles went on. In Los Angeles, Magon and his co!l)paneros saw new hope
for social change in the Russian revolution of
October, 1917. The following year, Magan and
Librado Rivera issued a manifesto that said:
•The alarm of history is ready to sound •••
The mom ont ts solemn, it is the beginning of the
greatest ;;OUtic.ll and social upheaval that history
will recat·u, tht ris 11g up of all peoples against
, the existing conditions •.• •
,
Magon and Rivera were arrested a few months
later, for this manifesto. By using some trumpedup political charges, the U.S. government saw a
chance to shut Ricardo up forever. At the trial,
evidence was juggled around for an incredible
fra·m e-up. Judge Bledsoe in Los Angeles told the
jury t•. find them guilty, and the jury did it. Magon
was sentenced to 20 years in prison and Rivera to
15 years and a $5000 fine.
Ricardo had been sick for some time before the
arrest and after he was transported to the Federal
Prison at MacNeil Islan , the doctor there said he
had diabetes. Later Magon was transferred to
Leavenworth, Kansas, where - to everyone's surprise - the doctor declared him to be in •good
health.". And refused to treat him.
A long struggle began in which sympathizers in
the U.S. and Mexico brought pressure to get an impartial doctor into the prison to check on Magon's
health. But prison officials resisted and the U.S.
Attorney General•himself, refused to have any other
doctor see Magon. By this time - October, 1922 Magon was very sick with tuberculosis and nearly
blind from cataracs on the eyes.
Workers in the Mexican states of Sonora and
Baja California announced they would go on strike
unless something was done to help Magon. The U.S.
response to this was to send a man from the Department of Immigration to seeifMagonandRivera
had changed their political ideas (•to investigate
the ideals and opinions that may still be sustained"
by the two men). Workers went on strike the next
dlo/ and called for a general strike and a boycott of
all U.s. businesses. These pressures began to show
a little effect but it was too late. On November 21,
1922, Ricardo Flores Magon died.
His remains were transported to Mexico for
burial under the sponsorship of the Railway Workers
Union. Passage of the funeral train through the U.S.
Southwest and Mexico brought expressions of admiration from many people. Eugene V. Debs, the
great Anglo radical and labor organizer, suggested
that they put on his tombstone these words: • ASSASSIN ATED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITEDSTATES
FOR HAVING AN OPINION AND THE COURAGE
TO EXPRESS IT.• Over 20 years later, Magon's
remains were moved to the Hall of Heroes in
Mexico City.
Shortly before his death, Magon wrote this to his
friends:
•My crime is one of those that are unpardonable.
Murder? No, it wasn't murder! Human life is cheap
in the eyes of the machine; the murderer is easily
freed or, if he kills wholesale, in place of an iron
cage he will receive crosses and medals of honor.
Swindle? No, if that was the case, I would be
named president of any great corporation. Soy un
sonador. I am a dreamer. This ls my crime.
Nevertheless, my dream of the beautiful and my
fond visions of a humanity living in peace, love
and liberty - dreams and visions that the machine
abhors - will not die with qie. While there exists
on earth one sorrowful heart, one tearful eye, my
dreams and visions must live.•
(Editor's note: The authors of this article ~re
Jim Gallardo, a student at the University of Santa
Clara who is also chairman of a local Chicano
organization which •watchdogs• the police so as to
hold down brutality - and Frank Arnold, a welder
and repairman who has been active in various
community groups.)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3
CUSD retains dean
despite parent protest
and told they were under suspension for incttlng to riot.
By Phyllis Martin
Dean of Boys Jack Gilbert has
been retained by the Fresno Unified School Board after a closed
hearing last Thursday investigating charges that Gilbert manhandled a Chicana student during
a fight at Yosemite Junior High
School two months ago.
Jess Quintero, parent group
spokesman for Gilbert's ouster,
said students and school personnel witnessing the fight were interviewed by the board. However,
parents accompanying their children to the closed hearing complained students were asked
questions not pertaining to the
fight and felt students were forced
to contradict each other, Quintero
stated.
A printed release by the parents explained in part the inci. dent at Yosemite:
On January 20, 1971, a fight
broke out between two girls at
Yosemite Junior High. The participants were both ninth graders; one Mexican, the other white.
The Dean of Students broke up the
fight and separated the two girls.
However, he told the white girl
to proceed to his office, but started yelling and pushing the Mexican girl toward his office. When
the Mexican girl replied she
could walk, Gilbert, apparently
enraged and out of control, attempted to grab her and carry her
to his office.
In the ensuing assault by Dean
Gilbert, the girl was kicked,
struck and knocked down, her hair
pulled and lost consciousness.
All this took place before hundreds of students at Yosemite
Junior High School.
The girl was told by Gilbert
privately, that although suspension was automatic for students
engaged in fighting, if she didn't
disclose what had happened, she
would not be suspended. The
suspensions were lifted against
all but one of the boys.
After the alleged manhandling
charge, protesting students
walked out of classes. Quintero
said parents became involv~d
since the walk-out to find out the problem and the solution.
Parents have gone on picket lines
with their children and have held
a series of meetings involving .
parents, students, and school administration. Also, a list of demands we.re presented to the a'dmlnistratton which included Gilbert's removal from Yosemite,
assigning two Chicano home liaisons, a Chicano counselor (already assigned), and rescheduling the split lunch periods back
to the original one hour lunch.
(The lunch hour was split shortly after the incident. students
claim the rescheduled lunch r,eriods were set to separate student •troublemakers• from the
other students. However, the administration said the lunch hour
was split according to student
agreement the previous school
year).
Quintero said the Yosemite
situation will make school administrations aware that they
can't mistreat minority students
as had been done in the past.
Parent involvement in the y;osemite matter will make school of. ficials think twice before mistreating minority students, Quintero added.
When four Mexican students
attempted to intervene and yelled
at Gilbert to stop his attack, they
also were manhandled roughly
-Reprinted from
The California Advocate
(4/30/71)
=
DAVID E. GUMAER
FORMER CAMPUS UNDERCOVER OPERATIVE
speaking
on
REVOLUTION ON CAMPUS
David Emerson Gumaer, while working as an undercover operative for Pol ice Intelligence, was assigned
to infiltrate and report on the subversive activities of
the so-called New Left movement in America. For
two years he was a member of the Communist youth
apparatus - the campus based W.E.B. DuBois Clubs.
Once accepted as a fellow revolutionary, Gumaer worked his way into high level national staff meetings of
the Communist DuBois clubs, and in fact, worked for a
time in their national office in Chicago. Having gained
the confidence of DuBois leadership, he was directed
by Pol ice lntell igence to join several other left organizations, including the notorious S.D.S., Students for a
Democratic Society.
Gumaer attended strategy meetings of the Trotskyite
Communist Young Socialist Alliance, the youth arm of
the Socialist Workers Party, and discussed revolution
with the leader of the violent Revolutionary Action
Movement (RAM). He was also staff member of the
Communist control led National Conference for New
Politics.
His investigation revealed an incredible plotto recruit
America's campus youth in a subversive movement
aimed at the ultimate violent overthrow of our government.
L0CALLY SPONSORED BY:
The TACT (Truth About Civil Turmoil) Committees
of Fresno - Fig Garden - Clovis
American_Legion Post 509
3509 North First Street
MONDAY, MAY 3 - 8 P.M.
224-5435
$1.50 OONA TION
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
La Semana de la Raza
Schedule Of Events May 3 - May 7
MONDAY, MAY 3 HUELGA. DAY
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Invocation
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance Group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Sr. Gilbert Padilla: UFWOC Organizer
12:20 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. y Sra. Lopez
12:40 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Albert Perez, UFWOC Organizer
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Film: •Huelga•
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Cesar Chavez and UFWOC
How effective ls the Boycott?
Violence vs. Non-violence
TUESDAY, MAY 4 CHICANO EDUCATION DAY
THE TEATROS must never get away from La Raza. yVithout the palomia sitting there, laughing, crying
and sharing whatever is on stage, the teatros will dry up and die. If the Raza will not come to the theater
then the theater must go to the Raza. This, in the long, run, will determine the shape, style, content:
spirit, and form of el teatro chicano.
9:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
10:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Ellezar Risco: CHEA
10:20 a.m. - Rosaltrida Navarro, Singer, College Union Lounge
Union Lounge
10:40 a.m. - Speaker on Migrant Education from
Sacramento
10:40 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Speaker on Migrant Education, from Sacramento
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
FSC Dance Group
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
•A Slow Death at F.s.c:•
•Mini-Corps
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Chicanos and Education
How are Ti tie I funds being misused?
E.O.P,
6:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Holmes Culture Dancers
WEDNESDAY, MAY 5 CINCO DE MAYO
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. Manuel Pineda
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Raul Pickett, Student Speaker
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Fresno City College Marimba Band
1:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
2: 00 p. m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions
Significance of the Revolution
Chicano Liberation
THURSDAY, MAY 6 CHICANO CULTURE DAY
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Katherine Panas
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez singing
12:30 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Los Huastecas dance group
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
•El 16 de Septiernbre en Visalia"
"Public Safety Building•
•r Am Joaquin"
'I am Jo.aquin'
THURSDAY, MAY 6
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Food caravans
The United Farmworkers Organizing Committee needs your
help in the continued struggle for
farmworkers' rights!
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
Corky Gonzales' historical poem of the Chicano experience
is dramatized in a color film accented by the music of modern
mariachi brass and ancient temple drums.
La Raza's odyessy unfolds in the images of ageless pyramids, revolutionary murals and 20th century photography.
-the Revolution of 1910 with its earthy Villas and Zapatas
-Chicanos organiZing to right historic wrongs
•Joaquin" gives the historical perspective of the Chicano
in our society. •Joaquin• gives the Chicanos a proud sense of
their roots in America and their achievements as a people,
The film was produced solely by El Teatro Campesino, It
was created in the belief that popular art need not be limited
to the traditional forms, but that each culture has a life breath
of its own that gives spirit and form to its art. The Chicano
culture has been nourished by the blood, tears, and laughter
of the migrant worker, and the lostfeelings of the urban •vato,"
El Teatro has mirrored the condition of the urban and rural
Chicanos in its actos and now El Teatro has produced its first
film . • . • · I Am Joaquin" ••• Powerful folk art on film.
UFWOC urges you to join the
monthly Fresno food caravans to
Delano scheduled for the fourth
Saturday of every month will
leave at 9 a.m. from THE Convention Center parking lot.
Bring your sleeping bag and
stay overnight.
Immediate needs of striking
farmworkers in Delano and elsewhere are:
Money, coffee, sugar, canned
milk, peanut butter, jelly, oatmeal, dry cereals, masa harina
flour, meat, rice dry pinto beans,
canned and fresh fruits, canned
and fresh vegetables, toilet tis sue, cars (in running order) and
clothes.
Anyone interested in donating
needed items may call 227-7767
for pick-up or leave their dona-
tions at the parking lot Saturday
morning before departure time.
Women's Lib
Campus Women for Liberation
will meet tonight .at 7 p.m. in
College Union 304.
CANVAS BAG
Delano Proclamation
for carrying :
BOOKS
•This is the beginning of a social movement in fact and not in pronouncements. We seek our basic, God-given rights as human beings.
Because we have suffered - and are not afraid to suffer - in order
to survive, we are ready to give up everything, even our lives, in
our fight for social justice. We shall do it without violence becau'Se
that is our destiny •. ,
•we shall unite. We have learned the meaning of UNITY. we know
why these United States are just that - united. The strength of the
poor is also in union. We know that the poverty of the Mexican or
Filipino worker in California is the same as that of all farm workers
across the country, the Blacks and poor whites, the Puerto Ricans,
Japanese, and Arabians . , .
"That is why we must get together a:nd bargain collectively. We
must use the only strength that we have , the force of our numbers.
The ranchers are few; we are many.UNITED WE SHALL STAND •••
"We do not want the paternalism of the rancher; we do not want
the contractor; we do not want charity at the price of our dignity.
We want to be equal with all the working men in the nation; we want
a just wage, better working conditions, a qecent future for our children. To those who oppose us , be they ranchers, police, politicians,
or speculators, we say that we are going to continue fighting until
we die, or we win. WE SHALL OVERCOME."
A story of love.
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
Filmed by !?a~d Lea_~
~.,,.·,· · ~
. ·.·= :
~i
.
12:00 noon - Sollege Union Lounge
Jack Ortega: Partex Strikers
..: .,
: L:•. :
;
BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
MAKE YOUR OWN
SAVE ON
STYRENE BEADS
AND FABR ICS
-~
.
ROBERT Mf'TO-IUM
TRB{)R HONARD
RISTOP-ER JONES
JOHN MILLS
lEOMcl<ERN
n SARAH ~ 11...ES
(GP)
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
"Pedro Paramo•
•Chicano Moratorium, August 29th•
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSE-S
9-
..-1 . . b \
•
MGMO
MON. thru FRI.
at 8:00 P.M.
SAT. l SUN. at
12:30. 4:15 l 8:00
•
NAVY
BELL
on ly
BOTTOMS
n.,.an:s ,;.•: ..
Daughter
/":·- ·•,,,"'
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Lupe Dela Cruz, Student Speaker
9 ·5 f
FREE
PATTERNS
FRIDAY, MAY 7 CHICANOS IN POLITICS
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Attorney Al Villa, Chicano City Councilman
SPECIALS
602 lroadw ay
237-3615
_. OPEN SUNDAYS
De t. of s ecial Co lections
MONDAY, MAY 3, 1971
La Semana De La Raza
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter,
dreamer, true revolutionary
By Jim Gallardo and Frank Arnold
(San Jose, California)
CPA Special
(In our Raza's struggle for the land, there have
been many heroes and heroines. The teachers and
books of the educational system here almost never
tell us about them. but today we are beginning to
win back our history and our heroes.
One of the most neglected names in that history
is Ricardo Flores Magon - a true revolutionary
of Mexico - who inspired Emiliano Zapata; who
moved many campesinos to action with his newspaper "La Regeneracion;" who lived for sometime
in Los Angeles and was treated by the wlice there
just as mexicanos are treated today' who died at
the age of 50 in Leavenworth Prison, U.S.A. Here
is the story of his life.-El Grito.)
Ricardo Flores Magon was born in the state of
Oaxaca, Mexico, on the birthdate of Mexican independence - 16 de septiembre - in the year
1873. Oaxaca lies in the southern part of the country and the population is mainly Mixtec and Zapotec Indian. Ricardo's father was Indian and his
mother Mestiza. The boy had the opportunity to
observe firsthand the communal living of the Indians. He was never to forget this lesson.
The family moved to Mexico City in the 1890's
and Ricardo and his two brothers attended the
University. Many people were !3,lready protesting
the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, a man of the
upper class who cared nothing for Indians and encouraged foreigners to buy up Mexico's land, oil,
and mines, and who kept himself in power as President for 30 years by so-called "re-election."
Ricardo was arrested for the first time in his life
during a student-worker demonstration against
Diaz.
Shortly after that, Ricardo's father died and l)e
was forced to abandon political struggle to help
support his sick mother. But the oppression of the
Diaz regime became so bad that Magon could not
remain inactive. In 1900hejoinedtheLiberalParty,
founded by Camilo Arriaga. He also founded the
newspaper "La Regeneracion, • which strongly criticized the Diaz government. It was at this time
that Magon began reading the works of Marx,
Engels and Bakunin.
Imprisoned for his writings in 1903,Ricardowas
released the next year and fled to the United States.
He was soon joined by other Mexicanos and they
'
formed the "Organizing Junta of the Liberal Party"
with Magon as president. The junta's two main
purposes were to undermine the power of the Diaz
regime by the power of the written word. and to
make the Liberal Party into a revolutionary force.
"La Regeneracion" was circulated throughout
Mexico, underground. Its influence is considered
to be the major factor in building upworking-class
opposition to Diaz. Magon was becoming one of
the world's great radical journalists.
In 1906, the Liberal Party issued a manifesto
calling for land reform, guaranteed minimum
wages, breaking the power of the Catholic Church
and other reforms. It strongly attacked capitalism
and urged the Mexicanos to get rid of their imperialist oppt:essors: The party organized uprisings and strikes all over Mexico. Although it was
called •Liberal," the party was much more radical
than the word "liberal" means today.
In the U.s., the FBI and Pinkerton detectives
working for the Mexican government continually
harrassed the junta. In August~l907, Magon and
two others were arrested and beaten by the Los
Angeles police. From then to 1910, Magan was
held in jails in. Los Angeles, St. Louis, Yuma and
Florence, Arizona on charges of "violation of
neutrality laws." But the real reason for the arrests was that the U.S. government saw the possibility of meaking a deal with the other major
opponent to Diaz - Francisco Madero. His group,
the Anti-Reelectionist Party, wasn't demanding land
reform or an end to capitalism but just "free
elections and no re-election." The U.s. knew it
could never make a deal with Magon.
In 1910, "La Regeneracion" began to publish
again. The junta opened an office at 519-1/2 East
4th Street in Los Angeles, with the aid of a $400
grant from the labor ·movement. Magon began to
attack Madero again, pointing out that an upperclass politician like Madero could never lead a real
revolution in Mexico. The Liberal Party slogan was
changed from "Reforma, Libertad, Justicia" to the
revolutionary "Tierra y L ibertad!" Emiliano Zapata
spread many of Magon's ideas and fought under
that slogan, although he did not call himself an
•anarquista" as Magoo did.
Porfirio Diaz was finally overthrown and Madero
became President in 1911. But it was only a political revolution, as Magon had predicted - not a
social one. And so the U.S. was supporting Madero.
Meanwhile, Magoo and others were still pushing
(Continued on Page 3, Col. 1)
•::-~ .·,
.-:;:':~,:~:::;
Chicano culture: hear none---see none---speak none
The significance of the
Cinco de Mayo celebration
"Estamos chingados• were the
words of my grandfather. "Por
que dice eso, abuelito?" I asked
desperately as if my whole life
depended on his answer.
He
leaned back in his chair under
the hot Mexicali sun to make what
seemed his last and final proclamation to the world. "Porque mi
hijo, WE DARE TO BE MEN."
Our entire history was summed
up in these few words "WE DARE
TO BE MEN." For this reason
alone, our history has been one
of great sacrifice and plight of
the masses; in retaliance, many
heroes have risen, Cuathemoc,
Hidalgo, Morelos, Juarez, Murrietta, Zapata, Villa! But these
are not the true heroes, the true
heroes have always been the people, OUR PEOPLE, LA RAZA
DE BRONZE. We journey over
that same path today which our
padres journeyed, that desolate
path which leads us to our destiny, to its ultimate end - TIERRA Y LIBERT AD.
To continue with determination
and continuance, our bodies must
be replenished with re n ewe d
spirit. This is why we seek our
history. In our history is our people-, in our people are our roots,
and in our roots is our soul. Our
past will lead us to our future.
The emperor of France, Napoleon III, wanted to occupy Mexico. In May, 1862, French General Laurencez started his march
from Veracruz to the capital of
Mexico, Mexico City. The French
army consisted of 6,000 wellarmed troops.
The French army's only probable obstacle on the way to Mexico Ctty was the city of Puebla
which was defended by 4,000 of
our people. Ill-equipped and amateuristic, they dared stand up to
the French army which had not
suffered a defeat in half a century against Europe's finest
troops. Led by General Ignacio
Zaragoza, our army defeated Europe's finest troops on that historic day, May 5, 1862. Ragged·
and outnumbered, the deter.mining force which led us to victory
was spirit and courage.
This date, May 5, 1862, is celebrated by all Mexicanos wherever
they may be. On this day the battle of Puebla was fought, one of
the great triumphs in our people's
struggle for indeJ,)endence and
freedom.
In order to understand the fervent feeling toward this national
holiday, it is necessary to acquaint ourselves with some of·
the reasons behind this intense
and urgent compulsion to commemorate the heroic efforts of
our people at that time.
In the year 1862, Mexico's
President Benito Juarez was
faced with a tremendous national
debt and a treasury which consisted of very meager funds, and
found it necessary to suspend
payment of the nation a 1 debt.
Since the American Civil War
was in progress at this time,
and this, in effect, negated the
provisions of the Monroe Doctrine, Mexico's principal creditors, Spain, England, and France,
attempted to take advantage of
this situation and under the pretense of collecting a debt sought
to impose a monarch oftheirown
choice upon a seemingly helpless
country.
Napoleon III of France during
this period was faced with unrest
among his own French people,
and desperately was in need of
a victorious war in order to reassure his position as emperor of
France. He, therefore, made a
demand of a fantastic sum of
money (12 million pesos) upon the
Mexican government hoping that
Mexico would be unable to pay
and be forced to engage itself in
a war with all three countries,
England, Spain and France;
whereupon France would ultimately emerge victorious. However, when England and Spain realized that if they proceeded as
planned it would surely lead to
dangerous conflict With France,
they decided it would not be
worthwhile and abandoned the
dangerous venture, leaving
France to continue alone with its
selfish plans of conquest. Napoleon III was not only planning
to build himself an empire in
Mexico, but was actually looking
ahead to then aiding the Southern
States in their fight against the
North in order to procure the
South's cotton which was much
needed by France, and possibly
had visions of later building a
French Empire in North America as well.
But Napoleon III was not destined to see his visions of grandeur materialize. As General
Laurencez arrived from France
with a large army, Napoleon III
sent one of his emissaries to set
up a provisional government in
Mexico with himself as emperor,
and proceeded in commanding the
French army to occupy Mexico
City.
The French General, a veteran
of many great victories had only
contempt for our •1owly" army
that awaited the French's •superior• forces in Puebla. On that
historic day, the French General
gave th,e order to attack Puebla,
and to ridicule our ragged resistance, which was mostly
equipped with antiquated guns,
directed his attack to the middle
of our defense, which was General
Zaragoza 's strongest pos1t1on.
After three bloody assauJts upon
(Continued on Page 3, Col. I)
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
Cinco de Mayo en San Quentin
MECHA! THE FIRST STEP
MECHA ts a first step to tying the student groups throughout
the Southwest into a vibrant and
responsive network of activists
that will respond as a unit tt>
oppression and racism and that
will work 1n harmony when int-
ttattng and carrying out campaigns of liberation for our people.
As of present · wherever one
travels throughout the Southwest,
one finds that there are different
levels of awareness on different
campuses. It is the function of
MECHA to further socialization
and politicization for liberation
on all campuses. The student
movement is to a large degree a
political movement and as such
must not illicit from our people
the negative responses that we
have experienced so often in the
past in relation to politics, and
often with good reason, To this
end then, we must re-define politics for our people to be a means
Stop and ask yourself where are
of liberation. The political soyou going, and you will probably
phistication of aur Raza must be
think in terms of your future,
raised so that they do not fall
and you will probably answer in
prey to apologists and vendidos
terms as to what you are workwhose whole interest is their pering for or what you wish to besonal career or fortune. In addicome.
tion the student movement ts
But stop and look around you, · , more than a political movement,
are you taking part in the changes
it is cultural and social as well.
that are going on around you or
The spirit of MECHA must be one
are you telllng yourself that you
can do nothing to initiate change
today. Bear in mind that the
changes today will control your
life tomorrow. Are you so convinced that you can do nothing for
change, that you wm stand by
and let others control your destiny. Are you so apathetic to the
cause of the day that you choose
By Manuel Delgado
to close your eyes and narrow
The concept of La Raza Unida
your mind to the point that you
Party, already a practical reality
will now have become a vegein South Texas, was born out of
t_able in the white man's world;
frustration and the realization
letting him pick you at his whlm
that in this country nobody is
for his purpose. He has congoing to help us but ourselves.
trolled your life until now, will
It was the realization, also, that
you let ht m continue in control
even in this highly individualistic
or will you stand on your feet
society, power is still based on
and get off your knees and demand
the unity of interest groups.
your rightful place in our society.
The idea of a Raza party is
We must all have the right as
based on the assumption that all
men and women to decide on our
Chicanos or Latinos have enough
destiny, we must not allow others
in common to unify under one
to deny us our right to life.
leadership. In other such at-Reprinted from
tempts, La Raza has proven perLa Vida Nueva, April 1971
haps more indi viduallstic than the•
anglo. Supporters of the party
should be allowed to work primarily on social problems in the
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
communtties close to them and
the Fresno State College Associatheir families. Therefore much
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office,
thought must be given ta both the
Keats Campus Building, telephone
nature
and the structure of the
487-2486. Business office, College
party before embarking on exUnion 316, telephone 487-2266. '
tensive organizing efforts.
Opinions expressed in Daily Collegian special editions ere not necesIf the organizers of La Raza
sarily those of Fresno State College
Unida Party keep in mind strong
or the student body.
EDITORIAL
Ask
y'ourself
of •hermandad• and cu 1tu r
por el J opo Trejo
a1
awareness. The ethic of profit ,,· ~
and competition, of greed and intolerance which the Anglo society
offers must be replaced by our
ancestral communalism and love
for beauty and justice. MECHA
· must bring to the mind of every
young Chicano that the liberation
of his people from prejudice and
oppression ts tn his hands and
this responsib111ty is greater than
personal achievement and more
meaningful than degrees, especially tf they are earned at the
expense of his identity and cultural integrity.
,
MECHA then , is more than a
name, it is a spirit of unity, of
brotherhood and a resolve to undertake a struggle for liberation
in a society where justice is but
a word. MECHA is a means to
an end.
"If I am not for myself, then
who wilI be?
"If I am only for myself, then
what am I?
"If not now, when?"
-TALMUD
I awoke to the sounds of jangling keys, and-,.as I tried to get
myself together, I also was trying to see the window between
the steel bars of my cell to see how it looked outside and to
see what kind of day it would be, cloudy, sunny or what? For
another day of my daily routine, then I heard someone call me,
•Ese carnal (brother) Japa, feliz Cinco de Mayo,• the voice
was from a few cells down, it was a carnal named Chino. I
answered back igualmente (the same), and also to your celly,
Gabby and to all La Raza, then there were a few VIV A shouts
here and there, but it was going to be another r~utine day
for all of us carnales here. There would be no fiesta, qancing
or parade, but within our own corazon, there was a joy and a
feeling full of pride.
After I had my breakfast, I went to the big and crowded yard.
Like every morning the •pintos" were walking and talking, and
some leaning against the walls, waiting for the work call whistle
for us to go to work and do our daily thing. But as I came out
and strolled a bit , I didn't get too far, I was approached and
greeted with a big smile and a •Chicano Raza" handshake, and
I felt the pride and deep feelings of this special day, the culture
and the spirit of my •Chicano carnales , • was strongly felt and
expressed. The common greeting for the day was, "Feliz
Cinco de Mayo," Carnal, there was •carnalismo" at San Quentin
on our day.
For dinner we had a burrito, tamale, frijoles and arroz (rice).
It WiiS as close to home as we would ever get being in here. I
wonder what the 16th of September will be like? But, that's the
way it went for us on Cinco de Mayo, 1970 here at San Quentin.
Viva la Raza - Aztlan! !
'FROM SMALL PROBLEMS ON
La Raza Unida Party: a political movement
regional loyalties of Chicanos and
the importance of respect for
individuality that characterizes
Chicanos, the party has a good
chance. The leadership to date
has shown great patience and tolerance of differences, and it is
this patience together with good
leadership that gives the party a
chance of succeeding.
GRASSROOTS
The leadership will need to distinguish a political party from a
polltical movement and the leadership will also need to properly
allocate resources. It is apparent, even though there are tendencies to emphasize the status
symbols of a legitimate p~rty,
such as running candidates, and
opening offices, the majority of
those in attendance insist that the
party's immediate goal is to work
in the barrios to solve both immediate problems and build an
identification with a polltical
movement.
A political party is the tool or
machine that a movement uses to
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters ·. . . . . . . . Ofelia Garcia, ·
Esperanza Rodrigue.z,
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia,
'Pat Aguirre, Grace Solis
Emergency senate session will
SELL
YOUR
USED
BOOKS
EVERY
WED~
9AM-4PM·:
.a t
FS.C
s·ooKSTORE
decide May 5 campus action
The Fresno State College Stu- · · the protest by dismissing clasdent Senate will meet in special
ses, easing attendance requiresession today to consider Wedments or devoting class periods
nesday's proposed activities proto discussion of the war.
testing the Indochina War and
Wednesday's anti-war activilast year's kiliing of student antities were first c.:,nsidered by the
war demonstrators.
senate at last week's session. At
Scheduled for consideration is
that time, the body voted to rea resolution asking FSC students
quest the administration to canto refrain from attending classes
cel classes for the entire day in
from 11 a.m. - 2p.m. Wednesday.
protest of the Southeast Asian
Instead, it requests that students
War and Kent and Jackson State
attend the planned convocation in
slayings.
the Amphitheater and rally in the
The ~ction was later attacked
Free Speech Area.
by Chicano students who feared
· The resolution, authored by
that cancellation of classes would
Sophomore Class Senator Woody
force the elimination of their
Brooks, also asks the college
planned Cinco de Mayo activities.
faculty and administration to join
Citing the, "irresponsibility• of
the senate's demand and its neglect of the Cinco de Mayo activities, Student Senate President
Pro Tern Phil Sherwood asked
Student President Bill Jones to
IMPROVE GRADES
··
Improve Grados While Devotln•
veto the request for class canThe Same Amount Of Time To Study
USE STUDY SOUNDS
cellation. Jones has thus far
lnc,use Your Concentration And Improve
Your Comprahension. Study At A Futer Rate.
failed to take action on the resoELECTRONICALLY PRODUCED SOUNDS
CAUSE THIS TO HAPPEN
lution.
1
8 Track T■:. el!:S!W:''~r LP Record
Today's special senate session
Sand Ch.ck or Money Order - $9.95 Each
Include 75c Handlin• and Posta1e
will begin at 2 p.m. in the ColSound Concepts, Inc., - Box 3852
Charlott•vlll■, Va. 22902
lege Union.
STUDY SOVNDS
· make their demands legitimate.
Most movements have eventually
organized their own political party to manage the politics on a
state or national level. Therefore, a real movement is almost
a necessity before a legitimate
party can emerge. In Texas, for
example, the party was built on
the basis· of a Raza Unida Movement. The rhetoric ts important.
A party machine should be the
result of a conscious effort to
legitimize and sustain the goals
of a movement. The organizers
should avoid establishing a vanguard image if it truly intends
to be a party of the people.
CHAVEZ AS A LESSON
The wisdom of this approach is
exemplified by the United Farmworkers. Before actual development or management of the union
was undertaken, Chavez began to
build support for the union. The
union develops and the leadership emerges as the support increases. Otherwise all the energies are used up in managing
and organizing before its importance is recognized. What should
be considered as an organizing
method is the establishment of
a Raza Unida Organizing Committee. Instead of local chapters
there should be organizing committees in each community whose
objective should be the , building
of support for a Raza Unida Movement. There would be, as the
Farmworkers are experiences, a
natural emergence of purpose and
national leadership.
PRIORITIES
The leadership should consider
putting off running candidates for
the time being. One reason is
that resources are scarce. The
time and money spent on elections could be better used to solve
local problems and develop party
identification.
Chicanos have basically the
same expectations as other people and they learn sooner or later
not to :ict merely on faith. The
Raza Unida Party can build a real
identification with the party if it
just develops credibility in the
community. . By taking small
problems and solving them, people see accomplishments, their
expectations rise and they will
then act more readily in support of other efforts. The party
should not take on problems it
cannot solve. It should build its
reputation or successes in solving problems, not just on militancy. The more the com muntty
sees success, however small, the
more they will see the party as a
meaningful alternative. The more
support the party gets the bigger
problems it can solve.
La Raza Unida will become a
party of the people only if it is
built by the people; and the people
will build the party if it solves
their immediate problems.
-Reprinted from
La Voz Del Pueblo (Jan.)
Plan Espiritual de Aztlan
In the spirit of a new people that is conscious not only of its proud
historical heritage, but also of the brutal "gringo• invasion of our
territories, we, the Chicano inhabitants and civilizers of the northern
land of Aztlan, from whence came our forefathers, reclaiming the
land of their birth and consecrating the determination of our people
of the sun, ·declare that the call of our blood is our power, our
responsibility, and our inevitable destiny.
We are free and· sovereign to determine those tasks which are
justly called for by our house, our land , the sweat of our brows, and
by our hearts. Aztlan belongs to those that plant the seeds , water
the fields, and gathe r the crops , and not to the foreign Europeans.
We do not recognize capricious frontiers on the BRONZE CONTINENT.
Brotherhood unites us, and love for our brothers makes us a people
whose time has come and who struggles against the foreigner "gabacho" who exploits our riches, and destroys our culture. With our
heart in our hands and our hands in the soil, we declare the independence of our Mestizo nation. We are a bronze people with a bronze
culture. Before the world, before all of North America before all
our brothers in the bronze continent, we are a natio~, we are a
union of free pueblos, WE ARE AZTLAN.
POR LA RAZA TODO
FUERA DE LA RAZA NADA
Monday, May 3, 1971
LETTER TO NIXON
Chicano hero returns Navy Cross
Richard Nixon
White House
Washington, D.C.
Sir:
Enclosed is the Navy Cross
awarded to me for having cap-
Celebration
(Continued from Page 1)
Puebla (in which over a thousand
French troops died) the once
handsomely uniformed French
army was defeated and humiliated
and driven back by our outnumbered and poorly equipped troops.
The battle of Cinco de Mayo
was instrumental in keeping the
Americas from once again falling
under European control. The integrity of Mexico was defended.
Freedom was victorious over
oppression.
The victory brought our country together for the first time in
a true national spirit. This was
another step forward in our journey to reach the ultimate goal Tierra y Libertad - for without
it we would be lost in the void.
QUE VIVA MEXICO - QUE
VIVA LA RAZA DE BRONZE
•si mi hijo, estamos chingados,
for WE DARE TO BE MEN.• QUE
VIVAN LOS RIJOS DE LA CI-IlN •..
tured more prisoners singlehanded (2,000 Japanese) than anyone in the military history of t,pe
United States. I was very proud
of the Navy Cross as a symbol
of my country's regard for my
services.
It has taken much contemplation to come to this decision. I
had always hoped that things
would come better for my people,
the Mexican-Americans, and for
all minorities for that matter.
But as far as I can see, under
your administration, bigotry is
gaining ground.
Therefore, since I'm considered a second class citizen by
you and your fellow WASPS ; and
I have been refused a hotel room,
because of my ethnic background,
in the country that I fought for;
and that my people, the Mexicans, are consistently treated in
an undignified manner at border
crossings when they are about
to visit the United States; and
that when I was a candidate for
the U.S. Congress I was called
a Mexican Wetback Candidate by
my FELLOW REPUBLICANS; for
these reasons and for so many
more, I feel that I no longer desire to have in my possession an
award from your CORRUPT, IMMORAL, DACADENT AND BIGOTED government.
I think it would do well to learn
a few lessons from your neighbor, Mexico. In Mexico there is
no discrimination against anyone
because of his race, color or
creed. Mexico is prospering because it lives and lets live. Mexico does not MISTREAT, EMBARRASS MANHANDLE, BELITTLE NOR HARASS its visitors when they cross the border.
CAN YOU SAY THIS ABOUT THE
UNITED ST ATES?
Your type of government stole
most of the Western United States
from Mexico. I know that it would
be next to impossible that this
land be given back to its rightful owners, but it is not impossible that the Mexican-American
be given his rightful status as a
dignified human being.
I know that because of your
stand you will have your •boys•
harass me, but be assured that
I will ftgh as hard for my fellow
Mexican-Americans as I did for
my country during World War II.
You're on your last leg, Tricky
Dick. You've played the Left, the
Center and the Right. Where do
you go from here?
Sincerely
Guy Gabaldon
Av. Hidalgo 854
Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
September 28, 1969
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter, dreamer
(Continued from Page 1)
for a real social revolution. Some of the Liberal
Party forces fought in Chihuahua, until forced to
disarm there by Madero in February, 1911. Magonista forces also took to the field in Baja, California. U.S. President Taft called out 20,000 troops
to seal off the border between Baja California and
the U.S. At one point, Madero offered the VicePresidency of Mexico to Magon if he would stop
the military campaign of the Liberals. Magon indignantly refused.
The Liberals captured Mexicali in January, 1911
and for nearly six months controlled most of the
border area. They were supported by Anglo members of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World),
a radical trade union movement, known as •the
Wobblies• in the U.S.
After the Liberals captured San Quentin and
Tijuana, they announced that soon land would be
taken from the rich and it would be given to the
Indians, the poor, of Baja California and the rest
of Mexico as the revolution came to power.
But the revolution was not destined to come to
power. An Anglo clown and publicity seeker named
Dick Ferris was taking advantage of the persistent
reports in the U.S. press that the Magonistas
were going to separate Baja California from the
rest of Mexico and set it up as an independent
republic. This rumor - a total lie - had .been
encouraged by Madero, so as to weaken Mexfoano
support for the Liberals. Now this Dick Ferris
announced hi ms elf • Provisional President of Lower
California,• with the apparent backing of the press.
Flores Magon ordered Ferris shot on sight if he
appeared on Mexican soil, but the damage was
done. The people lost faith in the Liberal Party,
which had other difficulties as well. The federal
soldiers under Madero were able to regroup and,
in June of 1911, they defeated the Magonista forces
in a battle which spelled the end of the revolt.
But in southern Mexico, Emiliano Zapata carried
on the struggle for •Tierra y Libertad• while in
the north "Pancho" Villa fought U.S. troops as well
as federal forces. President Madero was replaced
by Huerta, who was replaced in turn by Carranza
while the people's struggles went on. In Los Angeles, Magon and his co!l)paneros saw new hope
for social change in the Russian revolution of
October, 1917. The following year, Magan and
Librado Rivera issued a manifesto that said:
•The alarm of history is ready to sound •••
The mom ont ts solemn, it is the beginning of the
greatest ;;OUtic.ll and social upheaval that history
will recat·u, tht ris 11g up of all peoples against
, the existing conditions •.• •
,
Magon and Rivera were arrested a few months
later, for this manifesto. By using some trumpedup political charges, the U.S. government saw a
chance to shut Ricardo up forever. At the trial,
evidence was juggled around for an incredible
fra·m e-up. Judge Bledsoe in Los Angeles told the
jury t•. find them guilty, and the jury did it. Magon
was sentenced to 20 years in prison and Rivera to
15 years and a $5000 fine.
Ricardo had been sick for some time before the
arrest and after he was transported to the Federal
Prison at MacNeil Islan , the doctor there said he
had diabetes. Later Magon was transferred to
Leavenworth, Kansas, where - to everyone's surprise - the doctor declared him to be in •good
health.". And refused to treat him.
A long struggle began in which sympathizers in
the U.S. and Mexico brought pressure to get an impartial doctor into the prison to check on Magon's
health. But prison officials resisted and the U.S.
Attorney General•himself, refused to have any other
doctor see Magon. By this time - October, 1922 Magon was very sick with tuberculosis and nearly
blind from cataracs on the eyes.
Workers in the Mexican states of Sonora and
Baja California announced they would go on strike
unless something was done to help Magon. The U.S.
response to this was to send a man from the Department of Immigration to seeifMagonandRivera
had changed their political ideas (•to investigate
the ideals and opinions that may still be sustained"
by the two men). Workers went on strike the next
dlo/ and called for a general strike and a boycott of
all U.s. businesses. These pressures began to show
a little effect but it was too late. On November 21,
1922, Ricardo Flores Magon died.
His remains were transported to Mexico for
burial under the sponsorship of the Railway Workers
Union. Passage of the funeral train through the U.S.
Southwest and Mexico brought expressions of admiration from many people. Eugene V. Debs, the
great Anglo radical and labor organizer, suggested
that they put on his tombstone these words: • ASSASSIN ATED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITEDSTATES
FOR HAVING AN OPINION AND THE COURAGE
TO EXPRESS IT.• Over 20 years later, Magon's
remains were moved to the Hall of Heroes in
Mexico City.
Shortly before his death, Magon wrote this to his
friends:
•My crime is one of those that are unpardonable.
Murder? No, it wasn't murder! Human life is cheap
in the eyes of the machine; the murderer is easily
freed or, if he kills wholesale, in place of an iron
cage he will receive crosses and medals of honor.
Swindle? No, if that was the case, I would be
named president of any great corporation. Soy un
sonador. I am a dreamer. This ls my crime.
Nevertheless, my dream of the beautiful and my
fond visions of a humanity living in peace, love
and liberty - dreams and visions that the machine
abhors - will not die with qie. While there exists
on earth one sorrowful heart, one tearful eye, my
dreams and visions must live.•
(Editor's note: The authors of this article ~re
Jim Gallardo, a student at the University of Santa
Clara who is also chairman of a local Chicano
organization which •watchdogs• the police so as to
hold down brutality - and Frank Arnold, a welder
and repairman who has been active in various
community groups.)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3
CUSD retains dean
despite parent protest
and told they were under suspension for incttlng to riot.
By Phyllis Martin
Dean of Boys Jack Gilbert has
been retained by the Fresno Unified School Board after a closed
hearing last Thursday investigating charges that Gilbert manhandled a Chicana student during
a fight at Yosemite Junior High
School two months ago.
Jess Quintero, parent group
spokesman for Gilbert's ouster,
said students and school personnel witnessing the fight were interviewed by the board. However,
parents accompanying their children to the closed hearing complained students were asked
questions not pertaining to the
fight and felt students were forced
to contradict each other, Quintero
stated.
A printed release by the parents explained in part the inci. dent at Yosemite:
On January 20, 1971, a fight
broke out between two girls at
Yosemite Junior High. The participants were both ninth graders; one Mexican, the other white.
The Dean of Students broke up the
fight and separated the two girls.
However, he told the white girl
to proceed to his office, but started yelling and pushing the Mexican girl toward his office. When
the Mexican girl replied she
could walk, Gilbert, apparently
enraged and out of control, attempted to grab her and carry her
to his office.
In the ensuing assault by Dean
Gilbert, the girl was kicked,
struck and knocked down, her hair
pulled and lost consciousness.
All this took place before hundreds of students at Yosemite
Junior High School.
The girl was told by Gilbert
privately, that although suspension was automatic for students
engaged in fighting, if she didn't
disclose what had happened, she
would not be suspended. The
suspensions were lifted against
all but one of the boys.
After the alleged manhandling
charge, protesting students
walked out of classes. Quintero
said parents became involv~d
since the walk-out to find out the problem and the solution.
Parents have gone on picket lines
with their children and have held
a series of meetings involving .
parents, students, and school administration. Also, a list of demands we.re presented to the a'dmlnistratton which included Gilbert's removal from Yosemite,
assigning two Chicano home liaisons, a Chicano counselor (already assigned), and rescheduling the split lunch periods back
to the original one hour lunch.
(The lunch hour was split shortly after the incident. students
claim the rescheduled lunch r,eriods were set to separate student •troublemakers• from the
other students. However, the administration said the lunch hour
was split according to student
agreement the previous school
year).
Quintero said the Yosemite
situation will make school administrations aware that they
can't mistreat minority students
as had been done in the past.
Parent involvement in the y;osemite matter will make school of. ficials think twice before mistreating minority students, Quintero added.
When four Mexican students
attempted to intervene and yelled
at Gilbert to stop his attack, they
also were manhandled roughly
-Reprinted from
The California Advocate
(4/30/71)
=
DAVID E. GUMAER
FORMER CAMPUS UNDERCOVER OPERATIVE
speaking
on
REVOLUTION ON CAMPUS
David Emerson Gumaer, while working as an undercover operative for Pol ice Intelligence, was assigned
to infiltrate and report on the subversive activities of
the so-called New Left movement in America. For
two years he was a member of the Communist youth
apparatus - the campus based W.E.B. DuBois Clubs.
Once accepted as a fellow revolutionary, Gumaer worked his way into high level national staff meetings of
the Communist DuBois clubs, and in fact, worked for a
time in their national office in Chicago. Having gained
the confidence of DuBois leadership, he was directed
by Pol ice lntell igence to join several other left organizations, including the notorious S.D.S., Students for a
Democratic Society.
Gumaer attended strategy meetings of the Trotskyite
Communist Young Socialist Alliance, the youth arm of
the Socialist Workers Party, and discussed revolution
with the leader of the violent Revolutionary Action
Movement (RAM). He was also staff member of the
Communist control led National Conference for New
Politics.
His investigation revealed an incredible plotto recruit
America's campus youth in a subversive movement
aimed at the ultimate violent overthrow of our government.
L0CALLY SPONSORED BY:
The TACT (Truth About Civil Turmoil) Committees
of Fresno - Fig Garden - Clovis
American_Legion Post 509
3509 North First Street
MONDAY, MAY 3 - 8 P.M.
224-5435
$1.50 OONA TION
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
La Semana de la Raza
Schedule Of Events May 3 - May 7
MONDAY, MAY 3 HUELGA. DAY
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Invocation
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance Group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Sr. Gilbert Padilla: UFWOC Organizer
12:20 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. y Sra. Lopez
12:40 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Albert Perez, UFWOC Organizer
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Film: •Huelga•
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Cesar Chavez and UFWOC
How effective ls the Boycott?
Violence vs. Non-violence
TUESDAY, MAY 4 CHICANO EDUCATION DAY
THE TEATROS must never get away from La Raza. yVithout the palomia sitting there, laughing, crying
and sharing whatever is on stage, the teatros will dry up and die. If the Raza will not come to the theater
then the theater must go to the Raza. This, in the long, run, will determine the shape, style, content:
spirit, and form of el teatro chicano.
9:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
10:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Ellezar Risco: CHEA
10:20 a.m. - Rosaltrida Navarro, Singer, College Union Lounge
Union Lounge
10:40 a.m. - Speaker on Migrant Education from
Sacramento
10:40 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Speaker on Migrant Education, from Sacramento
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
FSC Dance Group
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
•A Slow Death at F.s.c:•
•Mini-Corps
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Chicanos and Education
How are Ti tie I funds being misused?
E.O.P,
6:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Holmes Culture Dancers
WEDNESDAY, MAY 5 CINCO DE MAYO
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. Manuel Pineda
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Raul Pickett, Student Speaker
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Fresno City College Marimba Band
1:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
2: 00 p. m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions
Significance of the Revolution
Chicano Liberation
THURSDAY, MAY 6 CHICANO CULTURE DAY
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Katherine Panas
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez singing
12:30 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Los Huastecas dance group
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
•El 16 de Septiernbre en Visalia"
"Public Safety Building•
•r Am Joaquin"
'I am Jo.aquin'
THURSDAY, MAY 6
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Food caravans
The United Farmworkers Organizing Committee needs your
help in the continued struggle for
farmworkers' rights!
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
Corky Gonzales' historical poem of the Chicano experience
is dramatized in a color film accented by the music of modern
mariachi brass and ancient temple drums.
La Raza's odyessy unfolds in the images of ageless pyramids, revolutionary murals and 20th century photography.
-the Revolution of 1910 with its earthy Villas and Zapatas
-Chicanos organiZing to right historic wrongs
•Joaquin" gives the historical perspective of the Chicano
in our society. •Joaquin• gives the Chicanos a proud sense of
their roots in America and their achievements as a people,
The film was produced solely by El Teatro Campesino, It
was created in the belief that popular art need not be limited
to the traditional forms, but that each culture has a life breath
of its own that gives spirit and form to its art. The Chicano
culture has been nourished by the blood, tears, and laughter
of the migrant worker, and the lostfeelings of the urban •vato,"
El Teatro has mirrored the condition of the urban and rural
Chicanos in its actos and now El Teatro has produced its first
film . • . • · I Am Joaquin" ••• Powerful folk art on film.
UFWOC urges you to join the
monthly Fresno food caravans to
Delano scheduled for the fourth
Saturday of every month will
leave at 9 a.m. from THE Convention Center parking lot.
Bring your sleeping bag and
stay overnight.
Immediate needs of striking
farmworkers in Delano and elsewhere are:
Money, coffee, sugar, canned
milk, peanut butter, jelly, oatmeal, dry cereals, masa harina
flour, meat, rice dry pinto beans,
canned and fresh fruits, canned
and fresh vegetables, toilet tis sue, cars (in running order) and
clothes.
Anyone interested in donating
needed items may call 227-7767
for pick-up or leave their dona-
tions at the parking lot Saturday
morning before departure time.
Women's Lib
Campus Women for Liberation
will meet tonight .at 7 p.m. in
College Union 304.
CANVAS BAG
Delano Proclamation
for carrying :
BOOKS
•This is the beginning of a social movement in fact and not in pronouncements. We seek our basic, God-given rights as human beings.
Because we have suffered - and are not afraid to suffer - in order
to survive, we are ready to give up everything, even our lives, in
our fight for social justice. We shall do it without violence becau'Se
that is our destiny •. ,
•we shall unite. We have learned the meaning of UNITY. we know
why these United States are just that - united. The strength of the
poor is also in union. We know that the poverty of the Mexican or
Filipino worker in California is the same as that of all farm workers
across the country, the Blacks and poor whites, the Puerto Ricans,
Japanese, and Arabians . , .
"That is why we must get together a:nd bargain collectively. We
must use the only strength that we have , the force of our numbers.
The ranchers are few; we are many.UNITED WE SHALL STAND •••
"We do not want the paternalism of the rancher; we do not want
the contractor; we do not want charity at the price of our dignity.
We want to be equal with all the working men in the nation; we want
a just wage, better working conditions, a qecent future for our children. To those who oppose us , be they ranchers, police, politicians,
or speculators, we say that we are going to continue fighting until
we die, or we win. WE SHALL OVERCOME."
A story of love.
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
Filmed by !?a~d Lea_~
~.,,.·,· · ~
. ·.·= :
~i
.
12:00 noon - Sollege Union Lounge
Jack Ortega: Partex Strikers
..: .,
: L:•. :
;
BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
MAKE YOUR OWN
SAVE ON
STYRENE BEADS
AND FABR ICS
-~
.
ROBERT Mf'TO-IUM
TRB{)R HONARD
RISTOP-ER JONES
JOHN MILLS
lEOMcl<ERN
n SARAH ~ 11...ES
(GP)
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
"Pedro Paramo•
•Chicano Moratorium, August 29th•
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSE-S
9-
..-1 . . b \
•
MGMO
MON. thru FRI.
at 8:00 P.M.
SAT. l SUN. at
12:30. 4:15 l 8:00
•
NAVY
BELL
on ly
BOTTOMS
n.,.an:s ,;.•: ..
Daughter
/":·- ·•,,,"'
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Lupe Dela Cruz, Student Speaker
9 ·5 f
FREE
PATTERNS
FRIDAY, MAY 7 CHICANOS IN POLITICS
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Attorney Al Villa, Chicano City Councilman
SPECIALS
602 lroadw ay
237-3615
_. OPEN SUNDAYS
LIBRA Y
De t. of s ecial Co lections
MONDAY, MAY 3, 1971
La Semana De La Raza
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter,
dreamer, true revolutionary
By Jim Gallardo and Frank Arnold
(San Jose, California)
CPA Special
(In our Raza's struggle for the land, there have
been many heroes and heroines. The teachers and
books of the educational system here almost never
tell us about them. but today we are beginning to
win back our history and our heroes.
One of the most neglected names in that history
is Ricardo Flores Magon - a true revolutionary
of Mexico - who inspired Emiliano Zapata; who
moved many campesinos to action with his newspaper "La Regeneracion;" who lived for sometime
in Los Angeles and was treated by the wlice there
just as mexicanos are treated today' who died at
the age of 50 in Leavenworth Prison, U.S.A. Here
is the story of his life.-El Grito.)
Ricardo Flores Magon was born in the state of
Oaxaca, Mexico, on the birthdate of Mexican independence - 16 de septiembre - in the year
1873. Oaxaca lies in the southern part of the country and the population is mainly Mixtec and Zapotec Indian. Ricardo's father was Indian and his
mother Mestiza. The boy had the opportunity to
observe firsthand the communal living of the Indians. He was never to forget this lesson.
The family moved to Mexico City in the 1890's
and Ricardo and his two brothers attended the
University. Many people were !3,lready protesting
the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, a man of the
upper class who cared nothing for Indians and encouraged foreigners to buy up Mexico's land, oil,
and mines, and who kept himself in power as President for 30 years by so-called "re-election."
Ricardo was arrested for the first time in his life
during a student-worker demonstration against
Diaz.
Shortly after that, Ricardo's father died and l)e
was forced to abandon political struggle to help
support his sick mother. But the oppression of the
Diaz regime became so bad that Magon could not
remain inactive. In 1900hejoinedtheLiberalParty,
founded by Camilo Arriaga. He also founded the
newspaper "La Regeneracion, • which strongly criticized the Diaz government. It was at this time
that Magon began reading the works of Marx,
Engels and Bakunin.
Imprisoned for his writings in 1903,Ricardowas
released the next year and fled to the United States.
He was soon joined by other Mexicanos and they
'
formed the "Organizing Junta of the Liberal Party"
with Magon as president. The junta's two main
purposes were to undermine the power of the Diaz
regime by the power of the written word. and to
make the Liberal Party into a revolutionary force.
"La Regeneracion" was circulated throughout
Mexico, underground. Its influence is considered
to be the major factor in building upworking-class
opposition to Diaz. Magon was becoming one of
the world's great radical journalists.
In 1906, the Liberal Party issued a manifesto
calling for land reform, guaranteed minimum
wages, breaking the power of the Catholic Church
and other reforms. It strongly attacked capitalism
and urged the Mexicanos to get rid of their imperialist oppt:essors: The party organized uprisings and strikes all over Mexico. Although it was
called •Liberal," the party was much more radical
than the word "liberal" means today.
In the U.s., the FBI and Pinkerton detectives
working for the Mexican government continually
harrassed the junta. In August~l907, Magon and
two others were arrested and beaten by the Los
Angeles police. From then to 1910, Magan was
held in jails in. Los Angeles, St. Louis, Yuma and
Florence, Arizona on charges of "violation of
neutrality laws." But the real reason for the arrests was that the U.S. government saw the possibility of meaking a deal with the other major
opponent to Diaz - Francisco Madero. His group,
the Anti-Reelectionist Party, wasn't demanding land
reform or an end to capitalism but just "free
elections and no re-election." The U.s. knew it
could never make a deal with Magon.
In 1910, "La Regeneracion" began to publish
again. The junta opened an office at 519-1/2 East
4th Street in Los Angeles, with the aid of a $400
grant from the labor ·movement. Magon began to
attack Madero again, pointing out that an upperclass politician like Madero could never lead a real
revolution in Mexico. The Liberal Party slogan was
changed from "Reforma, Libertad, Justicia" to the
revolutionary "Tierra y L ibertad!" Emiliano Zapata
spread many of Magon's ideas and fought under
that slogan, although he did not call himself an
•anarquista" as Magoo did.
Porfirio Diaz was finally overthrown and Madero
became President in 1911. But it was only a political revolution, as Magon had predicted - not a
social one. And so the U.S. was supporting Madero.
Meanwhile, Magoo and others were still pushing
(Continued on Page 3, Col. 1)
•::-~ .·,
.-:;:':~,:~:::;
Chicano culture: hear none---see none---speak none
The significance of the
Cinco de Mayo celebration
"Estamos chingados• were the
words of my grandfather. "Por
que dice eso, abuelito?" I asked
desperately as if my whole life
depended on his answer.
He
leaned back in his chair under
the hot Mexicali sun to make what
seemed his last and final proclamation to the world. "Porque mi
hijo, WE DARE TO BE MEN."
Our entire history was summed
up in these few words "WE DARE
TO BE MEN." For this reason
alone, our history has been one
of great sacrifice and plight of
the masses; in retaliance, many
heroes have risen, Cuathemoc,
Hidalgo, Morelos, Juarez, Murrietta, Zapata, Villa! But these
are not the true heroes, the true
heroes have always been the people, OUR PEOPLE, LA RAZA
DE BRONZE. We journey over
that same path today which our
padres journeyed, that desolate
path which leads us to our destiny, to its ultimate end - TIERRA Y LIBERT AD.
To continue with determination
and continuance, our bodies must
be replenished with re n ewe d
spirit. This is why we seek our
history. In our history is our people-, in our people are our roots,
and in our roots is our soul. Our
past will lead us to our future.
The emperor of France, Napoleon III, wanted to occupy Mexico. In May, 1862, French General Laurencez started his march
from Veracruz to the capital of
Mexico, Mexico City. The French
army consisted of 6,000 wellarmed troops.
The French army's only probable obstacle on the way to Mexico Ctty was the city of Puebla
which was defended by 4,000 of
our people. Ill-equipped and amateuristic, they dared stand up to
the French army which had not
suffered a defeat in half a century against Europe's finest
troops. Led by General Ignacio
Zaragoza, our army defeated Europe's finest troops on that historic day, May 5, 1862. Ragged·
and outnumbered, the deter.mining force which led us to victory
was spirit and courage.
This date, May 5, 1862, is celebrated by all Mexicanos wherever
they may be. On this day the battle of Puebla was fought, one of
the great triumphs in our people's
struggle for indeJ,)endence and
freedom.
In order to understand the fervent feeling toward this national
holiday, it is necessary to acquaint ourselves with some of·
the reasons behind this intense
and urgent compulsion to commemorate the heroic efforts of
our people at that time.
In the year 1862, Mexico's
President Benito Juarez was
faced with a tremendous national
debt and a treasury which consisted of very meager funds, and
found it necessary to suspend
payment of the nation a 1 debt.
Since the American Civil War
was in progress at this time,
and this, in effect, negated the
provisions of the Monroe Doctrine, Mexico's principal creditors, Spain, England, and France,
attempted to take advantage of
this situation and under the pretense of collecting a debt sought
to impose a monarch oftheirown
choice upon a seemingly helpless
country.
Napoleon III of France during
this period was faced with unrest
among his own French people,
and desperately was in need of
a victorious war in order to reassure his position as emperor of
France. He, therefore, made a
demand of a fantastic sum of
money (12 million pesos) upon the
Mexican government hoping that
Mexico would be unable to pay
and be forced to engage itself in
a war with all three countries,
England, Spain and France;
whereupon France would ultimately emerge victorious. However, when England and Spain realized that if they proceeded as
planned it would surely lead to
dangerous conflict With France,
they decided it would not be
worthwhile and abandoned the
dangerous venture, leaving
France to continue alone with its
selfish plans of conquest. Napoleon III was not only planning
to build himself an empire in
Mexico, but was actually looking
ahead to then aiding the Southern
States in their fight against the
North in order to procure the
South's cotton which was much
needed by France, and possibly
had visions of later building a
French Empire in North America as well.
But Napoleon III was not destined to see his visions of grandeur materialize. As General
Laurencez arrived from France
with a large army, Napoleon III
sent one of his emissaries to set
up a provisional government in
Mexico with himself as emperor,
and proceeded in commanding the
French army to occupy Mexico
City.
The French General, a veteran
of many great victories had only
contempt for our •1owly" army
that awaited the French's •superior• forces in Puebla. On that
historic day, the French General
gave th,e order to attack Puebla,
and to ridicule our ragged resistance, which was mostly
equipped with antiquated guns,
directed his attack to the middle
of our defense, which was General
Zaragoza 's strongest pos1t1on.
After three bloody assauJts upon
(Continued on Page 3, Col. I)
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
Cinco de Mayo en San Quentin
MECHA! THE FIRST STEP
MECHA ts a first step to tying the student groups throughout
the Southwest into a vibrant and
responsive network of activists
that will respond as a unit tt>
oppression and racism and that
will work 1n harmony when int-
ttattng and carrying out campaigns of liberation for our people.
As of present · wherever one
travels throughout the Southwest,
one finds that there are different
levels of awareness on different
campuses. It is the function of
MECHA to further socialization
and politicization for liberation
on all campuses. The student
movement is to a large degree a
political movement and as such
must not illicit from our people
the negative responses that we
have experienced so often in the
past in relation to politics, and
often with good reason, To this
end then, we must re-define politics for our people to be a means
Stop and ask yourself where are
of liberation. The political soyou going, and you will probably
phistication of aur Raza must be
think in terms of your future,
raised so that they do not fall
and you will probably answer in
prey to apologists and vendidos
terms as to what you are workwhose whole interest is their pering for or what you wish to besonal career or fortune. In addicome.
tion the student movement ts
But stop and look around you, · , more than a political movement,
are you taking part in the changes
it is cultural and social as well.
that are going on around you or
The spirit of MECHA must be one
are you telllng yourself that you
can do nothing to initiate change
today. Bear in mind that the
changes today will control your
life tomorrow. Are you so convinced that you can do nothing for
change, that you wm stand by
and let others control your destiny. Are you so apathetic to the
cause of the day that you choose
By Manuel Delgado
to close your eyes and narrow
The concept of La Raza Unida
your mind to the point that you
Party, already a practical reality
will now have become a vegein South Texas, was born out of
t_able in the white man's world;
frustration and the realization
letting him pick you at his whlm
that in this country nobody is
for his purpose. He has congoing to help us but ourselves.
trolled your life until now, will
It was the realization, also, that
you let ht m continue in control
even in this highly individualistic
or will you stand on your feet
society, power is still based on
and get off your knees and demand
the unity of interest groups.
your rightful place in our society.
The idea of a Raza party is
We must all have the right as
based on the assumption that all
men and women to decide on our
Chicanos or Latinos have enough
destiny, we must not allow others
in common to unify under one
to deny us our right to life.
leadership. In other such at-Reprinted from
tempts, La Raza has proven perLa Vida Nueva, April 1971
haps more indi viduallstic than the•
anglo. Supporters of the party
should be allowed to work primarily on social problems in the
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
communtties close to them and
the Fresno State College Associatheir families. Therefore much
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office,
thought must be given ta both the
Keats Campus Building, telephone
nature
and the structure of the
487-2486. Business office, College
party before embarking on exUnion 316, telephone 487-2266. '
tensive organizing efforts.
Opinions expressed in Daily Collegian special editions ere not necesIf the organizers of La Raza
sarily those of Fresno State College
Unida Party keep in mind strong
or the student body.
EDITORIAL
Ask
y'ourself
of •hermandad• and cu 1tu r
por el J opo Trejo
a1
awareness. The ethic of profit ,,· ~
and competition, of greed and intolerance which the Anglo society
offers must be replaced by our
ancestral communalism and love
for beauty and justice. MECHA
· must bring to the mind of every
young Chicano that the liberation
of his people from prejudice and
oppression ts tn his hands and
this responsib111ty is greater than
personal achievement and more
meaningful than degrees, especially tf they are earned at the
expense of his identity and cultural integrity.
,
MECHA then , is more than a
name, it is a spirit of unity, of
brotherhood and a resolve to undertake a struggle for liberation
in a society where justice is but
a word. MECHA is a means to
an end.
"If I am not for myself, then
who wilI be?
"If I am only for myself, then
what am I?
"If not now, when?"
-TALMUD
I awoke to the sounds of jangling keys, and-,.as I tried to get
myself together, I also was trying to see the window between
the steel bars of my cell to see how it looked outside and to
see what kind of day it would be, cloudy, sunny or what? For
another day of my daily routine, then I heard someone call me,
•Ese carnal (brother) Japa, feliz Cinco de Mayo,• the voice
was from a few cells down, it was a carnal named Chino. I
answered back igualmente (the same), and also to your celly,
Gabby and to all La Raza, then there were a few VIV A shouts
here and there, but it was going to be another r~utine day
for all of us carnales here. There would be no fiesta, qancing
or parade, but within our own corazon, there was a joy and a
feeling full of pride.
After I had my breakfast, I went to the big and crowded yard.
Like every morning the •pintos" were walking and talking, and
some leaning against the walls, waiting for the work call whistle
for us to go to work and do our daily thing. But as I came out
and strolled a bit , I didn't get too far, I was approached and
greeted with a big smile and a •Chicano Raza" handshake, and
I felt the pride and deep feelings of this special day, the culture
and the spirit of my •Chicano carnales , • was strongly felt and
expressed. The common greeting for the day was, "Feliz
Cinco de Mayo," Carnal, there was •carnalismo" at San Quentin
on our day.
For dinner we had a burrito, tamale, frijoles and arroz (rice).
It WiiS as close to home as we would ever get being in here. I
wonder what the 16th of September will be like? But, that's the
way it went for us on Cinco de Mayo, 1970 here at San Quentin.
Viva la Raza - Aztlan! !
'FROM SMALL PROBLEMS ON
La Raza Unida Party: a political movement
regional loyalties of Chicanos and
the importance of respect for
individuality that characterizes
Chicanos, the party has a good
chance. The leadership to date
has shown great patience and tolerance of differences, and it is
this patience together with good
leadership that gives the party a
chance of succeeding.
GRASSROOTS
The leadership will need to distinguish a political party from a
polltical movement and the leadership will also need to properly
allocate resources. It is apparent, even though there are tendencies to emphasize the status
symbols of a legitimate p~rty,
such as running candidates, and
opening offices, the majority of
those in attendance insist that the
party's immediate goal is to work
in the barrios to solve both immediate problems and build an
identification with a polltical
movement.
A political party is the tool or
machine that a movement uses to
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters ·. . . . . . . . Ofelia Garcia, ·
Esperanza Rodrigue.z,
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia,
'Pat Aguirre, Grace Solis
Emergency senate session will
SELL
YOUR
USED
BOOKS
EVERY
WED~
9AM-4PM·:
.a t
FS.C
s·ooKSTORE
decide May 5 campus action
The Fresno State College Stu- · · the protest by dismissing clasdent Senate will meet in special
ses, easing attendance requiresession today to consider Wedments or devoting class periods
nesday's proposed activities proto discussion of the war.
testing the Indochina War and
Wednesday's anti-war activilast year's kiliing of student antities were first c.:,nsidered by the
war demonstrators.
senate at last week's session. At
Scheduled for consideration is
that time, the body voted to rea resolution asking FSC students
quest the administration to canto refrain from attending classes
cel classes for the entire day in
from 11 a.m. - 2p.m. Wednesday.
protest of the Southeast Asian
Instead, it requests that students
War and Kent and Jackson State
attend the planned convocation in
slayings.
the Amphitheater and rally in the
The ~ction was later attacked
Free Speech Area.
by Chicano students who feared
· The resolution, authored by
that cancellation of classes would
Sophomore Class Senator Woody
force the elimination of their
Brooks, also asks the college
planned Cinco de Mayo activities.
faculty and administration to join
Citing the, "irresponsibility• of
the senate's demand and its neglect of the Cinco de Mayo activities, Student Senate President
Pro Tern Phil Sherwood asked
Student President Bill Jones to
IMPROVE GRADES
··
Improve Grados While Devotln•
veto the request for class canThe Same Amount Of Time To Study
USE STUDY SOUNDS
cellation. Jones has thus far
lnc,use Your Concentration And Improve
Your Comprahension. Study At A Futer Rate.
failed to take action on the resoELECTRONICALLY PRODUCED SOUNDS
CAUSE THIS TO HAPPEN
lution.
1
8 Track T■:. el!:S!W:''~r LP Record
Today's special senate session
Sand Ch.ck or Money Order - $9.95 Each
Include 75c Handlin• and Posta1e
will begin at 2 p.m. in the ColSound Concepts, Inc., - Box 3852
Charlott•vlll■, Va. 22902
lege Union.
STUDY SOVNDS
· make their demands legitimate.
Most movements have eventually
organized their own political party to manage the politics on a
state or national level. Therefore, a real movement is almost
a necessity before a legitimate
party can emerge. In Texas, for
example, the party was built on
the basis· of a Raza Unida Movement. The rhetoric ts important.
A party machine should be the
result of a conscious effort to
legitimize and sustain the goals
of a movement. The organizers
should avoid establishing a vanguard image if it truly intends
to be a party of the people.
CHAVEZ AS A LESSON
The wisdom of this approach is
exemplified by the United Farmworkers. Before actual development or management of the union
was undertaken, Chavez began to
build support for the union. The
union develops and the leadership emerges as the support increases. Otherwise all the energies are used up in managing
and organizing before its importance is recognized. What should
be considered as an organizing
method is the establishment of
a Raza Unida Organizing Committee. Instead of local chapters
there should be organizing committees in each community whose
objective should be the , building
of support for a Raza Unida Movement. There would be, as the
Farmworkers are experiences, a
natural emergence of purpose and
national leadership.
PRIORITIES
The leadership should consider
putting off running candidates for
the time being. One reason is
that resources are scarce. The
time and money spent on elections could be better used to solve
local problems and develop party
identification.
Chicanos have basically the
same expectations as other people and they learn sooner or later
not to :ict merely on faith. The
Raza Unida Party can build a real
identification with the party if it
just develops credibility in the
community. . By taking small
problems and solving them, people see accomplishments, their
expectations rise and they will
then act more readily in support of other efforts. The party
should not take on problems it
cannot solve. It should build its
reputation or successes in solving problems, not just on militancy. The more the com muntty
sees success, however small, the
more they will see the party as a
meaningful alternative. The more
support the party gets the bigger
problems it can solve.
La Raza Unida will become a
party of the people only if it is
built by the people; and the people
will build the party if it solves
their immediate problems.
-Reprinted from
La Voz Del Pueblo (Jan.)
Plan Espiritual de Aztlan
In the spirit of a new people that is conscious not only of its proud
historical heritage, but also of the brutal "gringo• invasion of our
territories, we, the Chicano inhabitants and civilizers of the northern
land of Aztlan, from whence came our forefathers, reclaiming the
land of their birth and consecrating the determination of our people
of the sun, ·declare that the call of our blood is our power, our
responsibility, and our inevitable destiny.
We are free and· sovereign to determine those tasks which are
justly called for by our house, our land , the sweat of our brows, and
by our hearts. Aztlan belongs to those that plant the seeds , water
the fields, and gathe r the crops , and not to the foreign Europeans.
We do not recognize capricious frontiers on the BRONZE CONTINENT.
Brotherhood unites us, and love for our brothers makes us a people
whose time has come and who struggles against the foreigner "gabacho" who exploits our riches, and destroys our culture. With our
heart in our hands and our hands in the soil, we declare the independence of our Mestizo nation. We are a bronze people with a bronze
culture. Before the world, before all of North America before all
our brothers in the bronze continent, we are a natio~, we are a
union of free pueblos, WE ARE AZTLAN.
POR LA RAZA TODO
FUERA DE LA RAZA NADA
Monday, May 3, 1971
LETTER TO NIXON
Chicano hero returns Navy Cross
Richard Nixon
White House
Washington, D.C.
Sir:
Enclosed is the Navy Cross
awarded to me for having cap-
Celebration
(Continued from Page 1)
Puebla (in which over a thousand
French troops died) the once
handsomely uniformed French
army was defeated and humiliated
and driven back by our outnumbered and poorly equipped troops.
The battle of Cinco de Mayo
was instrumental in keeping the
Americas from once again falling
under European control. The integrity of Mexico was defended.
Freedom was victorious over
oppression.
The victory brought our country together for the first time in
a true national spirit. This was
another step forward in our journey to reach the ultimate goal Tierra y Libertad - for without
it we would be lost in the void.
QUE VIVA MEXICO - QUE
VIVA LA RAZA DE BRONZE
•si mi hijo, estamos chingados,
for WE DARE TO BE MEN.• QUE
VIVAN LOS RIJOS DE LA CI-IlN •..
tured more prisoners singlehanded (2,000 Japanese) than anyone in the military history of t,pe
United States. I was very proud
of the Navy Cross as a symbol
of my country's regard for my
services.
It has taken much contemplation to come to this decision. I
had always hoped that things
would come better for my people,
the Mexican-Americans, and for
all minorities for that matter.
But as far as I can see, under
your administration, bigotry is
gaining ground.
Therefore, since I'm considered a second class citizen by
you and your fellow WASPS ; and
I have been refused a hotel room,
because of my ethnic background,
in the country that I fought for;
and that my people, the Mexicans, are consistently treated in
an undignified manner at border
crossings when they are about
to visit the United States; and
that when I was a candidate for
the U.S. Congress I was called
a Mexican Wetback Candidate by
my FELLOW REPUBLICANS; for
these reasons and for so many
more, I feel that I no longer desire to have in my possession an
award from your CORRUPT, IMMORAL, DACADENT AND BIGOTED government.
I think it would do well to learn
a few lessons from your neighbor, Mexico. In Mexico there is
no discrimination against anyone
because of his race, color or
creed. Mexico is prospering because it lives and lets live. Mexico does not MISTREAT, EMBARRASS MANHANDLE, BELITTLE NOR HARASS its visitors when they cross the border.
CAN YOU SAY THIS ABOUT THE
UNITED ST ATES?
Your type of government stole
most of the Western United States
from Mexico. I know that it would
be next to impossible that this
land be given back to its rightful owners, but it is not impossible that the Mexican-American
be given his rightful status as a
dignified human being.
I know that because of your
stand you will have your •boys•
harass me, but be assured that
I will ftgh as hard for my fellow
Mexican-Americans as I did for
my country during World War II.
You're on your last leg, Tricky
Dick. You've played the Left, the
Center and the Right. Where do
you go from here?
Sincerely
Guy Gabaldon
Av. Hidalgo 854
Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
September 28, 1969
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter, dreamer
(Continued from Page 1)
for a real social revolution. Some of the Liberal
Party forces fought in Chihuahua, until forced to
disarm there by Madero in February, 1911. Magonista forces also took to the field in Baja, California. U.S. President Taft called out 20,000 troops
to seal off the border between Baja California and
the U.S. At one point, Madero offered the VicePresidency of Mexico to Magon if he would stop
the military campaign of the Liberals. Magon indignantly refused.
The Liberals captured Mexicali in January, 1911
and for nearly six months controlled most of the
border area. They were supported by Anglo members of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World),
a radical trade union movement, known as •the
Wobblies• in the U.S.
After the Liberals captured San Quentin and
Tijuana, they announced that soon land would be
taken from the rich and it would be given to the
Indians, the poor, of Baja California and the rest
of Mexico as the revolution came to power.
But the revolution was not destined to come to
power. An Anglo clown and publicity seeker named
Dick Ferris was taking advantage of the persistent
reports in the U.S. press that the Magonistas
were going to separate Baja California from the
rest of Mexico and set it up as an independent
republic. This rumor - a total lie - had .been
encouraged by Madero, so as to weaken Mexfoano
support for the Liberals. Now this Dick Ferris
announced hi ms elf • Provisional President of Lower
California,• with the apparent backing of the press.
Flores Magon ordered Ferris shot on sight if he
appeared on Mexican soil, but the damage was
done. The people lost faith in the Liberal Party,
which had other difficulties as well. The federal
soldiers under Madero were able to regroup and,
in June of 1911, they defeated the Magonista forces
in a battle which spelled the end of the revolt.
But in southern Mexico, Emiliano Zapata carried
on the struggle for •Tierra y Libertad• while in
the north "Pancho" Villa fought U.S. troops as well
as federal forces. President Madero was replaced
by Huerta, who was replaced in turn by Carranza
while the people's struggles went on. In Los Angeles, Magon and his co!l)paneros saw new hope
for social change in the Russian revolution of
October, 1917. The following year, Magan and
Librado Rivera issued a manifesto that said:
•The alarm of history is ready to sound •••
The mom ont ts solemn, it is the beginning of the
greatest ;;OUtic.ll and social upheaval that history
will recat·u, tht ris 11g up of all peoples against
, the existing conditions •.• •
,
Magon and Rivera were arrested a few months
later, for this manifesto. By using some trumpedup political charges, the U.S. government saw a
chance to shut Ricardo up forever. At the trial,
evidence was juggled around for an incredible
fra·m e-up. Judge Bledsoe in Los Angeles told the
jury t•. find them guilty, and the jury did it. Magon
was sentenced to 20 years in prison and Rivera to
15 years and a $5000 fine.
Ricardo had been sick for some time before the
arrest and after he was transported to the Federal
Prison at MacNeil Islan , the doctor there said he
had diabetes. Later Magon was transferred to
Leavenworth, Kansas, where - to everyone's surprise - the doctor declared him to be in •good
health.". And refused to treat him.
A long struggle began in which sympathizers in
the U.S. and Mexico brought pressure to get an impartial doctor into the prison to check on Magon's
health. But prison officials resisted and the U.S.
Attorney General•himself, refused to have any other
doctor see Magon. By this time - October, 1922 Magon was very sick with tuberculosis and nearly
blind from cataracs on the eyes.
Workers in the Mexican states of Sonora and
Baja California announced they would go on strike
unless something was done to help Magon. The U.S.
response to this was to send a man from the Department of Immigration to seeifMagonandRivera
had changed their political ideas (•to investigate
the ideals and opinions that may still be sustained"
by the two men). Workers went on strike the next
dlo/ and called for a general strike and a boycott of
all U.s. businesses. These pressures began to show
a little effect but it was too late. On November 21,
1922, Ricardo Flores Magon died.
His remains were transported to Mexico for
burial under the sponsorship of the Railway Workers
Union. Passage of the funeral train through the U.S.
Southwest and Mexico brought expressions of admiration from many people. Eugene V. Debs, the
great Anglo radical and labor organizer, suggested
that they put on his tombstone these words: • ASSASSIN ATED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITEDSTATES
FOR HAVING AN OPINION AND THE COURAGE
TO EXPRESS IT.• Over 20 years later, Magon's
remains were moved to the Hall of Heroes in
Mexico City.
Shortly before his death, Magon wrote this to his
friends:
•My crime is one of those that are unpardonable.
Murder? No, it wasn't murder! Human life is cheap
in the eyes of the machine; the murderer is easily
freed or, if he kills wholesale, in place of an iron
cage he will receive crosses and medals of honor.
Swindle? No, if that was the case, I would be
named president of any great corporation. Soy un
sonador. I am a dreamer. This ls my crime.
Nevertheless, my dream of the beautiful and my
fond visions of a humanity living in peace, love
and liberty - dreams and visions that the machine
abhors - will not die with qie. While there exists
on earth one sorrowful heart, one tearful eye, my
dreams and visions must live.•
(Editor's note: The authors of this article ~re
Jim Gallardo, a student at the University of Santa
Clara who is also chairman of a local Chicano
organization which •watchdogs• the police so as to
hold down brutality - and Frank Arnold, a welder
and repairman who has been active in various
community groups.)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3
CUSD retains dean
despite parent protest
and told they were under suspension for incttlng to riot.
By Phyllis Martin
Dean of Boys Jack Gilbert has
been retained by the Fresno Unified School Board after a closed
hearing last Thursday investigating charges that Gilbert manhandled a Chicana student during
a fight at Yosemite Junior High
School two months ago.
Jess Quintero, parent group
spokesman for Gilbert's ouster,
said students and school personnel witnessing the fight were interviewed by the board. However,
parents accompanying their children to the closed hearing complained students were asked
questions not pertaining to the
fight and felt students were forced
to contradict each other, Quintero
stated.
A printed release by the parents explained in part the inci. dent at Yosemite:
On January 20, 1971, a fight
broke out between two girls at
Yosemite Junior High. The participants were both ninth graders; one Mexican, the other white.
The Dean of Students broke up the
fight and separated the two girls.
However, he told the white girl
to proceed to his office, but started yelling and pushing the Mexican girl toward his office. When
the Mexican girl replied she
could walk, Gilbert, apparently
enraged and out of control, attempted to grab her and carry her
to his office.
In the ensuing assault by Dean
Gilbert, the girl was kicked,
struck and knocked down, her hair
pulled and lost consciousness.
All this took place before hundreds of students at Yosemite
Junior High School.
The girl was told by Gilbert
privately, that although suspension was automatic for students
engaged in fighting, if she didn't
disclose what had happened, she
would not be suspended. The
suspensions were lifted against
all but one of the boys.
After the alleged manhandling
charge, protesting students
walked out of classes. Quintero
said parents became involv~d
since the walk-out to find out the problem and the solution.
Parents have gone on picket lines
with their children and have held
a series of meetings involving .
parents, students, and school administration. Also, a list of demands we.re presented to the a'dmlnistratton which included Gilbert's removal from Yosemite,
assigning two Chicano home liaisons, a Chicano counselor (already assigned), and rescheduling the split lunch periods back
to the original one hour lunch.
(The lunch hour was split shortly after the incident. students
claim the rescheduled lunch r,eriods were set to separate student •troublemakers• from the
other students. However, the administration said the lunch hour
was split according to student
agreement the previous school
year).
Quintero said the Yosemite
situation will make school administrations aware that they
can't mistreat minority students
as had been done in the past.
Parent involvement in the y;osemite matter will make school of. ficials think twice before mistreating minority students, Quintero added.
When four Mexican students
attempted to intervene and yelled
at Gilbert to stop his attack, they
also were manhandled roughly
-Reprinted from
The California Advocate
(4/30/71)
=
DAVID E. GUMAER
FORMER CAMPUS UNDERCOVER OPERATIVE
speaking
on
REVOLUTION ON CAMPUS
David Emerson Gumaer, while working as an undercover operative for Pol ice Intelligence, was assigned
to infiltrate and report on the subversive activities of
the so-called New Left movement in America. For
two years he was a member of the Communist youth
apparatus - the campus based W.E.B. DuBois Clubs.
Once accepted as a fellow revolutionary, Gumaer worked his way into high level national staff meetings of
the Communist DuBois clubs, and in fact, worked for a
time in their national office in Chicago. Having gained
the confidence of DuBois leadership, he was directed
by Pol ice lntell igence to join several other left organizations, including the notorious S.D.S., Students for a
Democratic Society.
Gumaer attended strategy meetings of the Trotskyite
Communist Young Socialist Alliance, the youth arm of
the Socialist Workers Party, and discussed revolution
with the leader of the violent Revolutionary Action
Movement (RAM). He was also staff member of the
Communist control led National Conference for New
Politics.
His investigation revealed an incredible plotto recruit
America's campus youth in a subversive movement
aimed at the ultimate violent overthrow of our government.
L0CALLY SPONSORED BY:
The TACT (Truth About Civil Turmoil) Committees
of Fresno - Fig Garden - Clovis
American_Legion Post 509
3509 North First Street
MONDAY, MAY 3 - 8 P.M.
224-5435
$1.50 OONA TION
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
La Semana de la Raza
Schedule Of Events May 3 - May 7
MONDAY, MAY 3 HUELGA. DAY
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Invocation
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance Group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Sr. Gilbert Padilla: UFWOC Organizer
12:20 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. y Sra. Lopez
12:40 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Albert Perez, UFWOC Organizer
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Film: •Huelga•
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Cesar Chavez and UFWOC
How effective ls the Boycott?
Violence vs. Non-violence
TUESDAY, MAY 4 CHICANO EDUCATION DAY
THE TEATROS must never get away from La Raza. yVithout the palomia sitting there, laughing, crying
and sharing whatever is on stage, the teatros will dry up and die. If the Raza will not come to the theater
then the theater must go to the Raza. This, in the long, run, will determine the shape, style, content:
spirit, and form of el teatro chicano.
9:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
10:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Ellezar Risco: CHEA
10:20 a.m. - Rosaltrida Navarro, Singer, College Union Lounge
Union Lounge
10:40 a.m. - Speaker on Migrant Education from
Sacramento
10:40 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Speaker on Migrant Education, from Sacramento
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
FSC Dance Group
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
•A Slow Death at F.s.c:•
•Mini-Corps
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Chicanos and Education
How are Ti tie I funds being misused?
E.O.P,
6:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Holmes Culture Dancers
WEDNESDAY, MAY 5 CINCO DE MAYO
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. Manuel Pineda
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Raul Pickett, Student Speaker
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Fresno City College Marimba Band
1:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
2: 00 p. m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions
Significance of the Revolution
Chicano Liberation
THURSDAY, MAY 6 CHICANO CULTURE DAY
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Katherine Panas
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez singing
12:30 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Los Huastecas dance group
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
•El 16 de Septiernbre en Visalia"
"Public Safety Building•
•r Am Joaquin"
'I am Jo.aquin'
THURSDAY, MAY 6
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Food caravans
The United Farmworkers Organizing Committee needs your
help in the continued struggle for
farmworkers' rights!
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
Corky Gonzales' historical poem of the Chicano experience
is dramatized in a color film accented by the music of modern
mariachi brass and ancient temple drums.
La Raza's odyessy unfolds in the images of ageless pyramids, revolutionary murals and 20th century photography.
-the Revolution of 1910 with its earthy Villas and Zapatas
-Chicanos organiZing to right historic wrongs
•Joaquin" gives the historical perspective of the Chicano
in our society. •Joaquin• gives the Chicanos a proud sense of
their roots in America and their achievements as a people,
The film was produced solely by El Teatro Campesino, It
was created in the belief that popular art need not be limited
to the traditional forms, but that each culture has a life breath
of its own that gives spirit and form to its art. The Chicano
culture has been nourished by the blood, tears, and laughter
of the migrant worker, and the lostfeelings of the urban •vato,"
El Teatro has mirrored the condition of the urban and rural
Chicanos in its actos and now El Teatro has produced its first
film . • . • · I Am Joaquin" ••• Powerful folk art on film.
UFWOC urges you to join the
monthly Fresno food caravans to
Delano scheduled for the fourth
Saturday of every month will
leave at 9 a.m. from THE Convention Center parking lot.
Bring your sleeping bag and
stay overnight.
Immediate needs of striking
farmworkers in Delano and elsewhere are:
Money, coffee, sugar, canned
milk, peanut butter, jelly, oatmeal, dry cereals, masa harina
flour, meat, rice dry pinto beans,
canned and fresh fruits, canned
and fresh vegetables, toilet tis sue, cars (in running order) and
clothes.
Anyone interested in donating
needed items may call 227-7767
for pick-up or leave their dona-
tions at the parking lot Saturday
morning before departure time.
Women's Lib
Campus Women for Liberation
will meet tonight .at 7 p.m. in
College Union 304.
CANVAS BAG
Delano Proclamation
for carrying :
BOOKS
•This is the beginning of a social movement in fact and not in pronouncements. We seek our basic, God-given rights as human beings.
Because we have suffered - and are not afraid to suffer - in order
to survive, we are ready to give up everything, even our lives, in
our fight for social justice. We shall do it without violence becau'Se
that is our destiny •. ,
•we shall unite. We have learned the meaning of UNITY. we know
why these United States are just that - united. The strength of the
poor is also in union. We know that the poverty of the Mexican or
Filipino worker in California is the same as that of all farm workers
across the country, the Blacks and poor whites, the Puerto Ricans,
Japanese, and Arabians . , .
"That is why we must get together a:nd bargain collectively. We
must use the only strength that we have , the force of our numbers.
The ranchers are few; we are many.UNITED WE SHALL STAND •••
"We do not want the paternalism of the rancher; we do not want
the contractor; we do not want charity at the price of our dignity.
We want to be equal with all the working men in the nation; we want
a just wage, better working conditions, a qecent future for our children. To those who oppose us , be they ranchers, police, politicians,
or speculators, we say that we are going to continue fighting until
we die, or we win. WE SHALL OVERCOME."
A story of love.
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
Filmed by !?a~d Lea_~
~.,,.·,· · ~
. ·.·= :
~i
.
12:00 noon - Sollege Union Lounge
Jack Ortega: Partex Strikers
..: .,
: L:•. :
;
BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
MAKE YOUR OWN
SAVE ON
STYRENE BEADS
AND FABR ICS
-~
.
ROBERT Mf'TO-IUM
TRB{)R HONARD
RISTOP-ER JONES
JOHN MILLS
lEOMcl<ERN
n SARAH ~ 11...ES
(GP)
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
"Pedro Paramo•
•Chicano Moratorium, August 29th•
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSE-S
9-
..-1 . . b \
•
MGMO
MON. thru FRI.
at 8:00 P.M.
SAT. l SUN. at
12:30. 4:15 l 8:00
•
NAVY
BELL
on ly
BOTTOMS
n.,.an:s ,;.•: ..
Daughter
/":·- ·•,,,"'
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Lupe Dela Cruz, Student Speaker
9 ·5 f
FREE
PATTERNS
FRIDAY, MAY 7 CHICANOS IN POLITICS
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Attorney Al Villa, Chicano City Councilman
SPECIALS
602 lroadw ay
237-3615
_. OPEN SUNDAYS
De t. of s ecial Co lections
MONDAY, MAY 3, 1971
La Semana De La Raza
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter,
dreamer, true revolutionary
By Jim Gallardo and Frank Arnold
(San Jose, California)
CPA Special
(In our Raza's struggle for the land, there have
been many heroes and heroines. The teachers and
books of the educational system here almost never
tell us about them. but today we are beginning to
win back our history and our heroes.
One of the most neglected names in that history
is Ricardo Flores Magon - a true revolutionary
of Mexico - who inspired Emiliano Zapata; who
moved many campesinos to action with his newspaper "La Regeneracion;" who lived for sometime
in Los Angeles and was treated by the wlice there
just as mexicanos are treated today' who died at
the age of 50 in Leavenworth Prison, U.S.A. Here
is the story of his life.-El Grito.)
Ricardo Flores Magon was born in the state of
Oaxaca, Mexico, on the birthdate of Mexican independence - 16 de septiembre - in the year
1873. Oaxaca lies in the southern part of the country and the population is mainly Mixtec and Zapotec Indian. Ricardo's father was Indian and his
mother Mestiza. The boy had the opportunity to
observe firsthand the communal living of the Indians. He was never to forget this lesson.
The family moved to Mexico City in the 1890's
and Ricardo and his two brothers attended the
University. Many people were !3,lready protesting
the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, a man of the
upper class who cared nothing for Indians and encouraged foreigners to buy up Mexico's land, oil,
and mines, and who kept himself in power as President for 30 years by so-called "re-election."
Ricardo was arrested for the first time in his life
during a student-worker demonstration against
Diaz.
Shortly after that, Ricardo's father died and l)e
was forced to abandon political struggle to help
support his sick mother. But the oppression of the
Diaz regime became so bad that Magon could not
remain inactive. In 1900hejoinedtheLiberalParty,
founded by Camilo Arriaga. He also founded the
newspaper "La Regeneracion, • which strongly criticized the Diaz government. It was at this time
that Magon began reading the works of Marx,
Engels and Bakunin.
Imprisoned for his writings in 1903,Ricardowas
released the next year and fled to the United States.
He was soon joined by other Mexicanos and they
'
formed the "Organizing Junta of the Liberal Party"
with Magon as president. The junta's two main
purposes were to undermine the power of the Diaz
regime by the power of the written word. and to
make the Liberal Party into a revolutionary force.
"La Regeneracion" was circulated throughout
Mexico, underground. Its influence is considered
to be the major factor in building upworking-class
opposition to Diaz. Magon was becoming one of
the world's great radical journalists.
In 1906, the Liberal Party issued a manifesto
calling for land reform, guaranteed minimum
wages, breaking the power of the Catholic Church
and other reforms. It strongly attacked capitalism
and urged the Mexicanos to get rid of their imperialist oppt:essors: The party organized uprisings and strikes all over Mexico. Although it was
called •Liberal," the party was much more radical
than the word "liberal" means today.
In the U.s., the FBI and Pinkerton detectives
working for the Mexican government continually
harrassed the junta. In August~l907, Magon and
two others were arrested and beaten by the Los
Angeles police. From then to 1910, Magan was
held in jails in. Los Angeles, St. Louis, Yuma and
Florence, Arizona on charges of "violation of
neutrality laws." But the real reason for the arrests was that the U.S. government saw the possibility of meaking a deal with the other major
opponent to Diaz - Francisco Madero. His group,
the Anti-Reelectionist Party, wasn't demanding land
reform or an end to capitalism but just "free
elections and no re-election." The U.s. knew it
could never make a deal with Magon.
In 1910, "La Regeneracion" began to publish
again. The junta opened an office at 519-1/2 East
4th Street in Los Angeles, with the aid of a $400
grant from the labor ·movement. Magon began to
attack Madero again, pointing out that an upperclass politician like Madero could never lead a real
revolution in Mexico. The Liberal Party slogan was
changed from "Reforma, Libertad, Justicia" to the
revolutionary "Tierra y L ibertad!" Emiliano Zapata
spread many of Magon's ideas and fought under
that slogan, although he did not call himself an
•anarquista" as Magoo did.
Porfirio Diaz was finally overthrown and Madero
became President in 1911. But it was only a political revolution, as Magon had predicted - not a
social one. And so the U.S. was supporting Madero.
Meanwhile, Magoo and others were still pushing
(Continued on Page 3, Col. 1)
•::-~ .·,
.-:;:':~,:~:::;
Chicano culture: hear none---see none---speak none
The significance of the
Cinco de Mayo celebration
"Estamos chingados• were the
words of my grandfather. "Por
que dice eso, abuelito?" I asked
desperately as if my whole life
depended on his answer.
He
leaned back in his chair under
the hot Mexicali sun to make what
seemed his last and final proclamation to the world. "Porque mi
hijo, WE DARE TO BE MEN."
Our entire history was summed
up in these few words "WE DARE
TO BE MEN." For this reason
alone, our history has been one
of great sacrifice and plight of
the masses; in retaliance, many
heroes have risen, Cuathemoc,
Hidalgo, Morelos, Juarez, Murrietta, Zapata, Villa! But these
are not the true heroes, the true
heroes have always been the people, OUR PEOPLE, LA RAZA
DE BRONZE. We journey over
that same path today which our
padres journeyed, that desolate
path which leads us to our destiny, to its ultimate end - TIERRA Y LIBERT AD.
To continue with determination
and continuance, our bodies must
be replenished with re n ewe d
spirit. This is why we seek our
history. In our history is our people-, in our people are our roots,
and in our roots is our soul. Our
past will lead us to our future.
The emperor of France, Napoleon III, wanted to occupy Mexico. In May, 1862, French General Laurencez started his march
from Veracruz to the capital of
Mexico, Mexico City. The French
army consisted of 6,000 wellarmed troops.
The French army's only probable obstacle on the way to Mexico Ctty was the city of Puebla
which was defended by 4,000 of
our people. Ill-equipped and amateuristic, they dared stand up to
the French army which had not
suffered a defeat in half a century against Europe's finest
troops. Led by General Ignacio
Zaragoza, our army defeated Europe's finest troops on that historic day, May 5, 1862. Ragged·
and outnumbered, the deter.mining force which led us to victory
was spirit and courage.
This date, May 5, 1862, is celebrated by all Mexicanos wherever
they may be. On this day the battle of Puebla was fought, one of
the great triumphs in our people's
struggle for indeJ,)endence and
freedom.
In order to understand the fervent feeling toward this national
holiday, it is necessary to acquaint ourselves with some of·
the reasons behind this intense
and urgent compulsion to commemorate the heroic efforts of
our people at that time.
In the year 1862, Mexico's
President Benito Juarez was
faced with a tremendous national
debt and a treasury which consisted of very meager funds, and
found it necessary to suspend
payment of the nation a 1 debt.
Since the American Civil War
was in progress at this time,
and this, in effect, negated the
provisions of the Monroe Doctrine, Mexico's principal creditors, Spain, England, and France,
attempted to take advantage of
this situation and under the pretense of collecting a debt sought
to impose a monarch oftheirown
choice upon a seemingly helpless
country.
Napoleon III of France during
this period was faced with unrest
among his own French people,
and desperately was in need of
a victorious war in order to reassure his position as emperor of
France. He, therefore, made a
demand of a fantastic sum of
money (12 million pesos) upon the
Mexican government hoping that
Mexico would be unable to pay
and be forced to engage itself in
a war with all three countries,
England, Spain and France;
whereupon France would ultimately emerge victorious. However, when England and Spain realized that if they proceeded as
planned it would surely lead to
dangerous conflict With France,
they decided it would not be
worthwhile and abandoned the
dangerous venture, leaving
France to continue alone with its
selfish plans of conquest. Napoleon III was not only planning
to build himself an empire in
Mexico, but was actually looking
ahead to then aiding the Southern
States in their fight against the
North in order to procure the
South's cotton which was much
needed by France, and possibly
had visions of later building a
French Empire in North America as well.
But Napoleon III was not destined to see his visions of grandeur materialize. As General
Laurencez arrived from France
with a large army, Napoleon III
sent one of his emissaries to set
up a provisional government in
Mexico with himself as emperor,
and proceeded in commanding the
French army to occupy Mexico
City.
The French General, a veteran
of many great victories had only
contempt for our •1owly" army
that awaited the French's •superior• forces in Puebla. On that
historic day, the French General
gave th,e order to attack Puebla,
and to ridicule our ragged resistance, which was mostly
equipped with antiquated guns,
directed his attack to the middle
of our defense, which was General
Zaragoza 's strongest pos1t1on.
After three bloody assauJts upon
(Continued on Page 3, Col. I)
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
Cinco de Mayo en San Quentin
MECHA! THE FIRST STEP
MECHA ts a first step to tying the student groups throughout
the Southwest into a vibrant and
responsive network of activists
that will respond as a unit tt>
oppression and racism and that
will work 1n harmony when int-
ttattng and carrying out campaigns of liberation for our people.
As of present · wherever one
travels throughout the Southwest,
one finds that there are different
levels of awareness on different
campuses. It is the function of
MECHA to further socialization
and politicization for liberation
on all campuses. The student
movement is to a large degree a
political movement and as such
must not illicit from our people
the negative responses that we
have experienced so often in the
past in relation to politics, and
often with good reason, To this
end then, we must re-define politics for our people to be a means
Stop and ask yourself where are
of liberation. The political soyou going, and you will probably
phistication of aur Raza must be
think in terms of your future,
raised so that they do not fall
and you will probably answer in
prey to apologists and vendidos
terms as to what you are workwhose whole interest is their pering for or what you wish to besonal career or fortune. In addicome.
tion the student movement ts
But stop and look around you, · , more than a political movement,
are you taking part in the changes
it is cultural and social as well.
that are going on around you or
The spirit of MECHA must be one
are you telllng yourself that you
can do nothing to initiate change
today. Bear in mind that the
changes today will control your
life tomorrow. Are you so convinced that you can do nothing for
change, that you wm stand by
and let others control your destiny. Are you so apathetic to the
cause of the day that you choose
By Manuel Delgado
to close your eyes and narrow
The concept of La Raza Unida
your mind to the point that you
Party, already a practical reality
will now have become a vegein South Texas, was born out of
t_able in the white man's world;
frustration and the realization
letting him pick you at his whlm
that in this country nobody is
for his purpose. He has congoing to help us but ourselves.
trolled your life until now, will
It was the realization, also, that
you let ht m continue in control
even in this highly individualistic
or will you stand on your feet
society, power is still based on
and get off your knees and demand
the unity of interest groups.
your rightful place in our society.
The idea of a Raza party is
We must all have the right as
based on the assumption that all
men and women to decide on our
Chicanos or Latinos have enough
destiny, we must not allow others
in common to unify under one
to deny us our right to life.
leadership. In other such at-Reprinted from
tempts, La Raza has proven perLa Vida Nueva, April 1971
haps more indi viduallstic than the•
anglo. Supporters of the party
should be allowed to work primarily on social problems in the
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
communtties close to them and
the Fresno State College Associatheir families. Therefore much
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office,
thought must be given ta both the
Keats Campus Building, telephone
nature
and the structure of the
487-2486. Business office, College
party before embarking on exUnion 316, telephone 487-2266. '
tensive organizing efforts.
Opinions expressed in Daily Collegian special editions ere not necesIf the organizers of La Raza
sarily those of Fresno State College
Unida Party keep in mind strong
or the student body.
EDITORIAL
Ask
y'ourself
of •hermandad• and cu 1tu r
por el J opo Trejo
a1
awareness. The ethic of profit ,,· ~
and competition, of greed and intolerance which the Anglo society
offers must be replaced by our
ancestral communalism and love
for beauty and justice. MECHA
· must bring to the mind of every
young Chicano that the liberation
of his people from prejudice and
oppression ts tn his hands and
this responsib111ty is greater than
personal achievement and more
meaningful than degrees, especially tf they are earned at the
expense of his identity and cultural integrity.
,
MECHA then , is more than a
name, it is a spirit of unity, of
brotherhood and a resolve to undertake a struggle for liberation
in a society where justice is but
a word. MECHA is a means to
an end.
"If I am not for myself, then
who wilI be?
"If I am only for myself, then
what am I?
"If not now, when?"
-TALMUD
I awoke to the sounds of jangling keys, and-,.as I tried to get
myself together, I also was trying to see the window between
the steel bars of my cell to see how it looked outside and to
see what kind of day it would be, cloudy, sunny or what? For
another day of my daily routine, then I heard someone call me,
•Ese carnal (brother) Japa, feliz Cinco de Mayo,• the voice
was from a few cells down, it was a carnal named Chino. I
answered back igualmente (the same), and also to your celly,
Gabby and to all La Raza, then there were a few VIV A shouts
here and there, but it was going to be another r~utine day
for all of us carnales here. There would be no fiesta, qancing
or parade, but within our own corazon, there was a joy and a
feeling full of pride.
After I had my breakfast, I went to the big and crowded yard.
Like every morning the •pintos" were walking and talking, and
some leaning against the walls, waiting for the work call whistle
for us to go to work and do our daily thing. But as I came out
and strolled a bit , I didn't get too far, I was approached and
greeted with a big smile and a •Chicano Raza" handshake, and
I felt the pride and deep feelings of this special day, the culture
and the spirit of my •Chicano carnales , • was strongly felt and
expressed. The common greeting for the day was, "Feliz
Cinco de Mayo," Carnal, there was •carnalismo" at San Quentin
on our day.
For dinner we had a burrito, tamale, frijoles and arroz (rice).
It WiiS as close to home as we would ever get being in here. I
wonder what the 16th of September will be like? But, that's the
way it went for us on Cinco de Mayo, 1970 here at San Quentin.
Viva la Raza - Aztlan! !
'FROM SMALL PROBLEMS ON
La Raza Unida Party: a political movement
regional loyalties of Chicanos and
the importance of respect for
individuality that characterizes
Chicanos, the party has a good
chance. The leadership to date
has shown great patience and tolerance of differences, and it is
this patience together with good
leadership that gives the party a
chance of succeeding.
GRASSROOTS
The leadership will need to distinguish a political party from a
polltical movement and the leadership will also need to properly
allocate resources. It is apparent, even though there are tendencies to emphasize the status
symbols of a legitimate p~rty,
such as running candidates, and
opening offices, the majority of
those in attendance insist that the
party's immediate goal is to work
in the barrios to solve both immediate problems and build an
identification with a polltical
movement.
A political party is the tool or
machine that a movement uses to
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters ·. . . . . . . . Ofelia Garcia, ·
Esperanza Rodrigue.z,
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia,
'Pat Aguirre, Grace Solis
Emergency senate session will
SELL
YOUR
USED
BOOKS
EVERY
WED~
9AM-4PM·:
.a t
FS.C
s·ooKSTORE
decide May 5 campus action
The Fresno State College Stu- · · the protest by dismissing clasdent Senate will meet in special
ses, easing attendance requiresession today to consider Wedments or devoting class periods
nesday's proposed activities proto discussion of the war.
testing the Indochina War and
Wednesday's anti-war activilast year's kiliing of student antities were first c.:,nsidered by the
war demonstrators.
senate at last week's session. At
Scheduled for consideration is
that time, the body voted to rea resolution asking FSC students
quest the administration to canto refrain from attending classes
cel classes for the entire day in
from 11 a.m. - 2p.m. Wednesday.
protest of the Southeast Asian
Instead, it requests that students
War and Kent and Jackson State
attend the planned convocation in
slayings.
the Amphitheater and rally in the
The ~ction was later attacked
Free Speech Area.
by Chicano students who feared
· The resolution, authored by
that cancellation of classes would
Sophomore Class Senator Woody
force the elimination of their
Brooks, also asks the college
planned Cinco de Mayo activities.
faculty and administration to join
Citing the, "irresponsibility• of
the senate's demand and its neglect of the Cinco de Mayo activities, Student Senate President
Pro Tern Phil Sherwood asked
Student President Bill Jones to
IMPROVE GRADES
··
Improve Grados While Devotln•
veto the request for class canThe Same Amount Of Time To Study
USE STUDY SOUNDS
cellation. Jones has thus far
lnc,use Your Concentration And Improve
Your Comprahension. Study At A Futer Rate.
failed to take action on the resoELECTRONICALLY PRODUCED SOUNDS
CAUSE THIS TO HAPPEN
lution.
1
8 Track T■:. el!:S!W:''~r LP Record
Today's special senate session
Sand Ch.ck or Money Order - $9.95 Each
Include 75c Handlin• and Posta1e
will begin at 2 p.m. in the ColSound Concepts, Inc., - Box 3852
Charlott•vlll■, Va. 22902
lege Union.
STUDY SOVNDS
· make their demands legitimate.
Most movements have eventually
organized their own political party to manage the politics on a
state or national level. Therefore, a real movement is almost
a necessity before a legitimate
party can emerge. In Texas, for
example, the party was built on
the basis· of a Raza Unida Movement. The rhetoric ts important.
A party machine should be the
result of a conscious effort to
legitimize and sustain the goals
of a movement. The organizers
should avoid establishing a vanguard image if it truly intends
to be a party of the people.
CHAVEZ AS A LESSON
The wisdom of this approach is
exemplified by the United Farmworkers. Before actual development or management of the union
was undertaken, Chavez began to
build support for the union. The
union develops and the leadership emerges as the support increases. Otherwise all the energies are used up in managing
and organizing before its importance is recognized. What should
be considered as an organizing
method is the establishment of
a Raza Unida Organizing Committee. Instead of local chapters
there should be organizing committees in each community whose
objective should be the , building
of support for a Raza Unida Movement. There would be, as the
Farmworkers are experiences, a
natural emergence of purpose and
national leadership.
PRIORITIES
The leadership should consider
putting off running candidates for
the time being. One reason is
that resources are scarce. The
time and money spent on elections could be better used to solve
local problems and develop party
identification.
Chicanos have basically the
same expectations as other people and they learn sooner or later
not to :ict merely on faith. The
Raza Unida Party can build a real
identification with the party if it
just develops credibility in the
community. . By taking small
problems and solving them, people see accomplishments, their
expectations rise and they will
then act more readily in support of other efforts. The party
should not take on problems it
cannot solve. It should build its
reputation or successes in solving problems, not just on militancy. The more the com muntty
sees success, however small, the
more they will see the party as a
meaningful alternative. The more
support the party gets the bigger
problems it can solve.
La Raza Unida will become a
party of the people only if it is
built by the people; and the people
will build the party if it solves
their immediate problems.
-Reprinted from
La Voz Del Pueblo (Jan.)
Plan Espiritual de Aztlan
In the spirit of a new people that is conscious not only of its proud
historical heritage, but also of the brutal "gringo• invasion of our
territories, we, the Chicano inhabitants and civilizers of the northern
land of Aztlan, from whence came our forefathers, reclaiming the
land of their birth and consecrating the determination of our people
of the sun, ·declare that the call of our blood is our power, our
responsibility, and our inevitable destiny.
We are free and· sovereign to determine those tasks which are
justly called for by our house, our land , the sweat of our brows, and
by our hearts. Aztlan belongs to those that plant the seeds , water
the fields, and gathe r the crops , and not to the foreign Europeans.
We do not recognize capricious frontiers on the BRONZE CONTINENT.
Brotherhood unites us, and love for our brothers makes us a people
whose time has come and who struggles against the foreigner "gabacho" who exploits our riches, and destroys our culture. With our
heart in our hands and our hands in the soil, we declare the independence of our Mestizo nation. We are a bronze people with a bronze
culture. Before the world, before all of North America before all
our brothers in the bronze continent, we are a natio~, we are a
union of free pueblos, WE ARE AZTLAN.
POR LA RAZA TODO
FUERA DE LA RAZA NADA
Monday, May 3, 1971
LETTER TO NIXON
Chicano hero returns Navy Cross
Richard Nixon
White House
Washington, D.C.
Sir:
Enclosed is the Navy Cross
awarded to me for having cap-
Celebration
(Continued from Page 1)
Puebla (in which over a thousand
French troops died) the once
handsomely uniformed French
army was defeated and humiliated
and driven back by our outnumbered and poorly equipped troops.
The battle of Cinco de Mayo
was instrumental in keeping the
Americas from once again falling
under European control. The integrity of Mexico was defended.
Freedom was victorious over
oppression.
The victory brought our country together for the first time in
a true national spirit. This was
another step forward in our journey to reach the ultimate goal Tierra y Libertad - for without
it we would be lost in the void.
QUE VIVA MEXICO - QUE
VIVA LA RAZA DE BRONZE
•si mi hijo, estamos chingados,
for WE DARE TO BE MEN.• QUE
VIVAN LOS RIJOS DE LA CI-IlN •..
tured more prisoners singlehanded (2,000 Japanese) than anyone in the military history of t,pe
United States. I was very proud
of the Navy Cross as a symbol
of my country's regard for my
services.
It has taken much contemplation to come to this decision. I
had always hoped that things
would come better for my people,
the Mexican-Americans, and for
all minorities for that matter.
But as far as I can see, under
your administration, bigotry is
gaining ground.
Therefore, since I'm considered a second class citizen by
you and your fellow WASPS ; and
I have been refused a hotel room,
because of my ethnic background,
in the country that I fought for;
and that my people, the Mexicans, are consistently treated in
an undignified manner at border
crossings when they are about
to visit the United States; and
that when I was a candidate for
the U.S. Congress I was called
a Mexican Wetback Candidate by
my FELLOW REPUBLICANS; for
these reasons and for so many
more, I feel that I no longer desire to have in my possession an
award from your CORRUPT, IMMORAL, DACADENT AND BIGOTED government.
I think it would do well to learn
a few lessons from your neighbor, Mexico. In Mexico there is
no discrimination against anyone
because of his race, color or
creed. Mexico is prospering because it lives and lets live. Mexico does not MISTREAT, EMBARRASS MANHANDLE, BELITTLE NOR HARASS its visitors when they cross the border.
CAN YOU SAY THIS ABOUT THE
UNITED ST ATES?
Your type of government stole
most of the Western United States
from Mexico. I know that it would
be next to impossible that this
land be given back to its rightful owners, but it is not impossible that the Mexican-American
be given his rightful status as a
dignified human being.
I know that because of your
stand you will have your •boys•
harass me, but be assured that
I will ftgh as hard for my fellow
Mexican-Americans as I did for
my country during World War II.
You're on your last leg, Tricky
Dick. You've played the Left, the
Center and the Right. Where do
you go from here?
Sincerely
Guy Gabaldon
Av. Hidalgo 854
Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
September 28, 1969
Ricardo Flores Magon: fighter, dreamer
(Continued from Page 1)
for a real social revolution. Some of the Liberal
Party forces fought in Chihuahua, until forced to
disarm there by Madero in February, 1911. Magonista forces also took to the field in Baja, California. U.S. President Taft called out 20,000 troops
to seal off the border between Baja California and
the U.S. At one point, Madero offered the VicePresidency of Mexico to Magon if he would stop
the military campaign of the Liberals. Magon indignantly refused.
The Liberals captured Mexicali in January, 1911
and for nearly six months controlled most of the
border area. They were supported by Anglo members of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World),
a radical trade union movement, known as •the
Wobblies• in the U.S.
After the Liberals captured San Quentin and
Tijuana, they announced that soon land would be
taken from the rich and it would be given to the
Indians, the poor, of Baja California and the rest
of Mexico as the revolution came to power.
But the revolution was not destined to come to
power. An Anglo clown and publicity seeker named
Dick Ferris was taking advantage of the persistent
reports in the U.S. press that the Magonistas
were going to separate Baja California from the
rest of Mexico and set it up as an independent
republic. This rumor - a total lie - had .been
encouraged by Madero, so as to weaken Mexfoano
support for the Liberals. Now this Dick Ferris
announced hi ms elf • Provisional President of Lower
California,• with the apparent backing of the press.
Flores Magon ordered Ferris shot on sight if he
appeared on Mexican soil, but the damage was
done. The people lost faith in the Liberal Party,
which had other difficulties as well. The federal
soldiers under Madero were able to regroup and,
in June of 1911, they defeated the Magonista forces
in a battle which spelled the end of the revolt.
But in southern Mexico, Emiliano Zapata carried
on the struggle for •Tierra y Libertad• while in
the north "Pancho" Villa fought U.S. troops as well
as federal forces. President Madero was replaced
by Huerta, who was replaced in turn by Carranza
while the people's struggles went on. In Los Angeles, Magon and his co!l)paneros saw new hope
for social change in the Russian revolution of
October, 1917. The following year, Magan and
Librado Rivera issued a manifesto that said:
•The alarm of history is ready to sound •••
The mom ont ts solemn, it is the beginning of the
greatest ;;OUtic.ll and social upheaval that history
will recat·u, tht ris 11g up of all peoples against
, the existing conditions •.• •
,
Magon and Rivera were arrested a few months
later, for this manifesto. By using some trumpedup political charges, the U.S. government saw a
chance to shut Ricardo up forever. At the trial,
evidence was juggled around for an incredible
fra·m e-up. Judge Bledsoe in Los Angeles told the
jury t•. find them guilty, and the jury did it. Magon
was sentenced to 20 years in prison and Rivera to
15 years and a $5000 fine.
Ricardo had been sick for some time before the
arrest and after he was transported to the Federal
Prison at MacNeil Islan , the doctor there said he
had diabetes. Later Magon was transferred to
Leavenworth, Kansas, where - to everyone's surprise - the doctor declared him to be in •good
health.". And refused to treat him.
A long struggle began in which sympathizers in
the U.S. and Mexico brought pressure to get an impartial doctor into the prison to check on Magon's
health. But prison officials resisted and the U.S.
Attorney General•himself, refused to have any other
doctor see Magon. By this time - October, 1922 Magon was very sick with tuberculosis and nearly
blind from cataracs on the eyes.
Workers in the Mexican states of Sonora and
Baja California announced they would go on strike
unless something was done to help Magon. The U.S.
response to this was to send a man from the Department of Immigration to seeifMagonandRivera
had changed their political ideas (•to investigate
the ideals and opinions that may still be sustained"
by the two men). Workers went on strike the next
dlo/ and called for a general strike and a boycott of
all U.s. businesses. These pressures began to show
a little effect but it was too late. On November 21,
1922, Ricardo Flores Magon died.
His remains were transported to Mexico for
burial under the sponsorship of the Railway Workers
Union. Passage of the funeral train through the U.S.
Southwest and Mexico brought expressions of admiration from many people. Eugene V. Debs, the
great Anglo radical and labor organizer, suggested
that they put on his tombstone these words: • ASSASSIN ATED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITEDSTATES
FOR HAVING AN OPINION AND THE COURAGE
TO EXPRESS IT.• Over 20 years later, Magon's
remains were moved to the Hall of Heroes in
Mexico City.
Shortly before his death, Magon wrote this to his
friends:
•My crime is one of those that are unpardonable.
Murder? No, it wasn't murder! Human life is cheap
in the eyes of the machine; the murderer is easily
freed or, if he kills wholesale, in place of an iron
cage he will receive crosses and medals of honor.
Swindle? No, if that was the case, I would be
named president of any great corporation. Soy un
sonador. I am a dreamer. This ls my crime.
Nevertheless, my dream of the beautiful and my
fond visions of a humanity living in peace, love
and liberty - dreams and visions that the machine
abhors - will not die with qie. While there exists
on earth one sorrowful heart, one tearful eye, my
dreams and visions must live.•
(Editor's note: The authors of this article ~re
Jim Gallardo, a student at the University of Santa
Clara who is also chairman of a local Chicano
organization which •watchdogs• the police so as to
hold down brutality - and Frank Arnold, a welder
and repairman who has been active in various
community groups.)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
3
CUSD retains dean
despite parent protest
and told they were under suspension for incttlng to riot.
By Phyllis Martin
Dean of Boys Jack Gilbert has
been retained by the Fresno Unified School Board after a closed
hearing last Thursday investigating charges that Gilbert manhandled a Chicana student during
a fight at Yosemite Junior High
School two months ago.
Jess Quintero, parent group
spokesman for Gilbert's ouster,
said students and school personnel witnessing the fight were interviewed by the board. However,
parents accompanying their children to the closed hearing complained students were asked
questions not pertaining to the
fight and felt students were forced
to contradict each other, Quintero
stated.
A printed release by the parents explained in part the inci. dent at Yosemite:
On January 20, 1971, a fight
broke out between two girls at
Yosemite Junior High. The participants were both ninth graders; one Mexican, the other white.
The Dean of Students broke up the
fight and separated the two girls.
However, he told the white girl
to proceed to his office, but started yelling and pushing the Mexican girl toward his office. When
the Mexican girl replied she
could walk, Gilbert, apparently
enraged and out of control, attempted to grab her and carry her
to his office.
In the ensuing assault by Dean
Gilbert, the girl was kicked,
struck and knocked down, her hair
pulled and lost consciousness.
All this took place before hundreds of students at Yosemite
Junior High School.
The girl was told by Gilbert
privately, that although suspension was automatic for students
engaged in fighting, if she didn't
disclose what had happened, she
would not be suspended. The
suspensions were lifted against
all but one of the boys.
After the alleged manhandling
charge, protesting students
walked out of classes. Quintero
said parents became involv~d
since the walk-out to find out the problem and the solution.
Parents have gone on picket lines
with their children and have held
a series of meetings involving .
parents, students, and school administration. Also, a list of demands we.re presented to the a'dmlnistratton which included Gilbert's removal from Yosemite,
assigning two Chicano home liaisons, a Chicano counselor (already assigned), and rescheduling the split lunch periods back
to the original one hour lunch.
(The lunch hour was split shortly after the incident. students
claim the rescheduled lunch r,eriods were set to separate student •troublemakers• from the
other students. However, the administration said the lunch hour
was split according to student
agreement the previous school
year).
Quintero said the Yosemite
situation will make school administrations aware that they
can't mistreat minority students
as had been done in the past.
Parent involvement in the y;osemite matter will make school of. ficials think twice before mistreating minority students, Quintero added.
When four Mexican students
attempted to intervene and yelled
at Gilbert to stop his attack, they
also were manhandled roughly
-Reprinted from
The California Advocate
(4/30/71)
=
DAVID E. GUMAER
FORMER CAMPUS UNDERCOVER OPERATIVE
speaking
on
REVOLUTION ON CAMPUS
David Emerson Gumaer, while working as an undercover operative for Pol ice Intelligence, was assigned
to infiltrate and report on the subversive activities of
the so-called New Left movement in America. For
two years he was a member of the Communist youth
apparatus - the campus based W.E.B. DuBois Clubs.
Once accepted as a fellow revolutionary, Gumaer worked his way into high level national staff meetings of
the Communist DuBois clubs, and in fact, worked for a
time in their national office in Chicago. Having gained
the confidence of DuBois leadership, he was directed
by Pol ice lntell igence to join several other left organizations, including the notorious S.D.S., Students for a
Democratic Society.
Gumaer attended strategy meetings of the Trotskyite
Communist Young Socialist Alliance, the youth arm of
the Socialist Workers Party, and discussed revolution
with the leader of the violent Revolutionary Action
Movement (RAM). He was also staff member of the
Communist control led National Conference for New
Politics.
His investigation revealed an incredible plotto recruit
America's campus youth in a subversive movement
aimed at the ultimate violent overthrow of our government.
L0CALLY SPONSORED BY:
The TACT (Truth About Civil Turmoil) Committees
of Fresno - Fig Garden - Clovis
American_Legion Post 509
3509 North First Street
MONDAY, MAY 3 - 8 P.M.
224-5435
$1.50 OONA TION
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, May 3, 1971
La Semana de la Raza
Schedule Of Events May 3 - May 7
MONDAY, MAY 3 HUELGA. DAY
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Invocation
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance Group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Sr. Gilbert Padilla: UFWOC Organizer
12:20 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. y Sra. Lopez
12:40 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Albert Perez, UFWOC Organizer
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Film: •Huelga•
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Cesar Chavez and UFWOC
How effective ls the Boycott?
Violence vs. Non-violence
TUESDAY, MAY 4 CHICANO EDUCATION DAY
THE TEATROS must never get away from La Raza. yVithout the palomia sitting there, laughing, crying
and sharing whatever is on stage, the teatros will dry up and die. If the Raza will not come to the theater
then the theater must go to the Raza. This, in the long, run, will determine the shape, style, content:
spirit, and form of el teatro chicano.
9:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
10:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Ellezar Risco: CHEA
10:20 a.m. - Rosaltrida Navarro, Singer, College Union Lounge
Union Lounge
10:40 a.m. - Speaker on Migrant Education from
Sacramento
10:40 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Speaker on Migrant Education, from Sacramento
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
FSC Dance Group
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
•A Slow Death at F.s.c:•
•Mini-Corps
3:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions:
Chicanos and Education
How are Ti tie I funds being misused?
E.O.P,
6:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Holmes Culture Dancers
WEDNESDAY, MAY 5 CINCO DE MAYO
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Sr. Manuel Pineda
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Raul Pickett, Student Speaker
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Fresno City College Marimba Band
1:00 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Dance group from La Raza Studies: Mexican Folklore
2: 00 p. m. - Student Senate Room
Rap Sessions
Significance of the Revolution
Chicano Liberation
THURSDAY, MAY 6 CHICANO CULTURE DAY
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Katherine Panas
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez
12:00 noon - College Union Lounge
Danny Valdez singing
12:30 p.m. - College Union Lounge
Los Huastecas dance group
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
•El 16 de Septiernbre en Visalia"
"Public Safety Building•
•r Am Joaquin"
'I am Jo.aquin'
THURSDAY, MAY 6
1:30 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Food caravans
The United Farmworkers Organizing Committee needs your
help in the continued struggle for
farmworkers' rights!
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
Corky Gonzales' historical poem of the Chicano experience
is dramatized in a color film accented by the music of modern
mariachi brass and ancient temple drums.
La Raza's odyessy unfolds in the images of ageless pyramids, revolutionary murals and 20th century photography.
-the Revolution of 1910 with its earthy Villas and Zapatas
-Chicanos organiZing to right historic wrongs
•Joaquin" gives the historical perspective of the Chicano
in our society. •Joaquin• gives the Chicanos a proud sense of
their roots in America and their achievements as a people,
The film was produced solely by El Teatro Campesino, It
was created in the belief that popular art need not be limited
to the traditional forms, but that each culture has a life breath
of its own that gives spirit and form to its art. The Chicano
culture has been nourished by the blood, tears, and laughter
of the migrant worker, and the lostfeelings of the urban •vato,"
El Teatro has mirrored the condition of the urban and rural
Chicanos in its actos and now El Teatro has produced its first
film . • . • · I Am Joaquin" ••• Powerful folk art on film.
UFWOC urges you to join the
monthly Fresno food caravans to
Delano scheduled for the fourth
Saturday of every month will
leave at 9 a.m. from THE Convention Center parking lot.
Bring your sleeping bag and
stay overnight.
Immediate needs of striking
farmworkers in Delano and elsewhere are:
Money, coffee, sugar, canned
milk, peanut butter, jelly, oatmeal, dry cereals, masa harina
flour, meat, rice dry pinto beans,
canned and fresh fruits, canned
and fresh vegetables, toilet tis sue, cars (in running order) and
clothes.
Anyone interested in donating
needed items may call 227-7767
for pick-up or leave their dona-
tions at the parking lot Saturday
morning before departure time.
Women's Lib
Campus Women for Liberation
will meet tonight .at 7 p.m. in
College Union 304.
CANVAS BAG
Delano Proclamation
for carrying :
BOOKS
•This is the beginning of a social movement in fact and not in pronouncements. We seek our basic, God-given rights as human beings.
Because we have suffered - and are not afraid to suffer - in order
to survive, we are ready to give up everything, even our lives, in
our fight for social justice. We shall do it without violence becau'Se
that is our destiny •. ,
•we shall unite. We have learned the meaning of UNITY. we know
why these United States are just that - united. The strength of the
poor is also in union. We know that the poverty of the Mexican or
Filipino worker in California is the same as that of all farm workers
across the country, the Blacks and poor whites, the Puerto Ricans,
Japanese, and Arabians . , .
"That is why we must get together a:nd bargain collectively. We
must use the only strength that we have , the force of our numbers.
The ranchers are few; we are many.UNITED WE SHALL STAND •••
"We do not want the paternalism of the rancher; we do not want
the contractor; we do not want charity at the price of our dignity.
We want to be equal with all the working men in the nation; we want
a just wage, better working conditions, a qecent future for our children. To those who oppose us , be they ranchers, police, politicians,
or speculators, we say that we are going to continue fighting until
we die, or we win. WE SHALL OVERCOME."
A story of love.
10:00 a.m. - Free Speech Area
Mariachis
Filmed by !?a~d Lea_~
~.,,.·,· · ~
. ·.·= :
~i
.
12:00 noon - Sollege Union Lounge
Jack Ortega: Partex Strikers
..: .,
: L:•. :
;
BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
MAKE YOUR OWN
SAVE ON
STYRENE BEADS
AND FABR ICS
-~
.
ROBERT Mf'TO-IUM
TRB{)R HONARD
RISTOP-ER JONES
JOHN MILLS
lEOMcl<ERN
n SARAH ~ 11...ES
(GP)
1:00 p.m. - Student Senate Room
Films:
"Pedro Paramo•
•Chicano Moratorium, August 29th•
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSE-S
9-
..-1 . . b \
•
MGMO
MON. thru FRI.
at 8:00 P.M.
SAT. l SUN. at
12:30. 4:15 l 8:00
•
NAVY
BELL
on ly
BOTTOMS
n.,.an:s ,;.•: ..
Daughter
/":·- ·•,,,"'
11:30 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Lupe Dela Cruz, Student Speaker
9 ·5 f
FREE
PATTERNS
FRIDAY, MAY 7 CHICANOS IN POLITICS
11:00 a.m. - College Union Lounge
Attorney Al Villa, Chicano City Councilman
SPECIALS
602 lroadw ay
237-3615
_. OPEN SUNDAYS