La Voz de Aztlan · La Voz de Aztlan, April 19 1971

Title

La Voz de Aztlan, April 19 1971

Creator

Associated Students of Fresno State

Relation

La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)

Coverage

Fresno, California

Date

4/19/1971

Format

PDF

Identifier

SCUA_lvda_00020

extracted text

•

•

.

'WHA.T
DEATH IN Vi'ETNAM
th e ears of strangers
I i sten
fig ht ing men tarnish the ground
death has whispered
·
tales t o t he y oung
and now ch oir boys are r i nging
be l ls
anothe r sac r i1i ce for Am erica
a Mexi can
come s home
his beloved country
· gives homage
and mothers sleep
i n cardboard houses

let all angu i sh be futile
tom or row it w i II rain
·
and the hills of V iet Nam

re s ume
the sacr ifi'ce is not ove r
por
.
luis -0mar salinas

:,

~

!

'

i

•

1

LXXVI 118

DO THEY THINK WE ARE?'

Chicano Moratoriulll peaceful
despite forecasts of·vi·otence
The Chicano .Moratorium has
come and gone. Most people feel
it was good and that ail ended
for the better. But, what really
happened and how was Fresno
affected by a group of Chicanosmarching?
Several weeks before April 3,
Chicano organizer s express ed
their plans for an anti:-war march
in Fresno. They vowed a peaceful
de'ilonstration in accordance with
t'1eir rights to speech, assembly
and dissent . The purposes of the
Chicano moratorium march we re ·
to express:
1. The immorality of the war,
2. The disproportionate nu mber of Chicano deaths,
3. The deplorable social conditions at home that Chicanos
must confront on a daily basis
and, ironically fight in a war perpetuating these same conditions.
4. The use of the military as a

tool to brake the farm . labor
struggle of UFWOC.
. How did Fresno react to ,the
fact that Chicanos were going to
conduct a march against the war
in the All-American city? How
did Fresno react to the fact that
.we had a legal and legitimate right
to protest against the war.
First of all, upon his awar e ness of the Chicano Moratorium,
Mayor Wills publicly stated that
the City of Fresno was making
preparations to defend the city
against any violence that might
occur. He didn't mention the fact
that Chicano organi zers had tak'en
initial actions to , meet wlth ci ty
officials tn an effort to maintain
a peaceful and l~gal demonstration. Instead of acknowledging
efforts of comm nntcation, he reinforced , rumpr s of violence by
stating the city's preparedness to
handle mass violence.

The Fresno Guide on April 2, .
the day prior to the moratorium
march, practically gt.iaran'teed
violence, and the rumor$ of vio-.
lence were once again reinforced.
Thus violence was considered by
many to be a certainty.
Police and public officials ex.,
pressed fear that violence might
accompany the march and took
actions to prepare for violence.
The full police department was
activated. The courthouse , the
police department, the sheriff's
department, city hall, the downtown · mall and the Fresno Guide
were guarded by police in riot
gear. The Fresno Army National
Guard was in stand-by and an
army helicopter was obtained for
surveillance. The Sheriff's Department and th e Highway Patrol
were prepared and on the alert.
.At Roeding Pa r k, where the
(Continued on Page 3, Col. 1)

2

THE DAILY COLLEGIAN

Monday, April 19, 1971

Educacion y La Raza
By Angelina Rodarte ·
It is a common fact that . the
more education one has, the better chance he has of •maktngtt•.
Educationally, Chicanos lag seriously behind the Anglos and all
minorities, except the Native
Americans (Indians).
If the only prescribed systemetic way of •making tt• or •getting ahead• in this country is
through education, we must find
out as much about the educational
system so that; both as indi viduals and as a people we may define some general direction and
approach to make it work for us
and help us to accomplish the
many goals that at this point are
only dreams.
First of au, the terms •making
1t• or •getting ahead• usually
mean getting a good job, a nice
home, a good car, and the accumulation of other material commodities. This •materialism• is
a major motivating forceincapitalism which justifies the exploitation of others to •get ahead.•
Most Chicanos who are involved in the movem~t tend to
reje'ct this way of thinking not
only because we have been the

Students endorse
Kimber, Villa
We, the undersigned student
organizations, acknowledging the
need of leaeership in city government, and responsiveness to the
needs of the people, recognize and
sincerely believe that such needs
can be met and fulfilled by two
responsible and community-involved candidates to the City
Council Posts #1 and #3. The individuals whom we recognize as
today's leaders ready to meet
today's needs of the community
are Lesly Kimber (Council Post
#1) and Al Villa (Council Post
#3).

During Sunday afternoon's interview, Al Villa demonstrated
the ability to relate and converse
intelltgently about any questions
posed to him. Unlike many of the
other candidates, Al Villa did not
have to read a prepared statement on the issue. Thls demonstrates the fact that he is fUlly
aware of the issues. Further, be
did not have to resort to crtttctztng the present City Councll
or other candidates ln arriving
at workable solutions.

exploited but because it is morally wrll(lg to exploit. So a Chicano
who waQts to , •make tt• in the
system is~ssoci~ted with the exploiter and ~n· as a traitor to
his people. Be)'oQ.d this, the educational system 1~ seen as irrelevant co r r u pt institution
which strips us of our identity
and brainwashes us into selling
out or humiliates and insults us
for resisting and finally forcing
us out of school.
Thus we are confronted with the
•Dilemma of Education•. Should
we simply ignore it as we have
in the past and resign ourselves
to our place - at the bottom?
Should we be willing to do whatever it takes (which is perfectly
acceptable in capitalism even if
it means exploiting one's brother) to enjoy the promised material benefits? Or shall we attempt
to change, being fully aware that
it will be a long struggle, which
will require sacrifices.
To ignore it is not really an
·a1ternati ve because the rising
importance of education makes it
a matter of survival and requires
our participation whether it is
passive, or active. Whether we

I

'Keep looking
- it mentions
us somewhere'
decide to passively participate
and reinforce the present educational system or whether we decide to actively participate in
changing it, we must be fully
aware and re~dy to accept the
consequences of our decision.
But before reaching any decision
we must find out what the educational system is all about-- what
its role in society is supposed
to be. What it actually is and how
this affects Chicanos. We must be
aware of its interdependent relationship with the military, in-

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Les Kimber has demonstrated
the ability to respond and stand
up in the defense of the com munity. He doesn't play games with
anyone in any issue involving the
rights of the community. His
commitment is to the community and nothing or anything is
going to stop Kimber from
achieving the best in the interests
of the community. With a man
like Kimber in the City Council,
we can be assured that problems
facing our community will be
worked out with the highest degree of ratlonaltzatton.
Les Kimber and Al Villa have
shown exemplary ability in meeting the needs of the community.
Therefore we recommend that
y.ou vote for Kimber and Villa.
They are men who have solutions
and commitment.
-MECHA,
Adelitas,
Provisional Government

I

Savala's help
I want to express my sincerest

gratitude and give my support to
Rudy L. Savala, candidate from
Trustee Area 5 for the State
Center Junior College Board of
Trustees, for his role in influencing many young people to set
high educational goals.
In 1966, he assisted a group of
us at Fresno State College to
form an educational committee
which visited over a dozen high
schools in Fresno County to speak
to students on the numerous programs available in the various
colleges. Needless to say, each
school greeted us with open arma
and urged us to return the following year and to continue to encourage students to attend City
College or Fresno State.
With Rudy's help and encouragement, I am presently enrolled
at Sacramento State College in
their master's program and I
have been awarded a Ford Foun-

HELP WANTED

FARRELL'S
ICE CREAM PARLOUR
RESTAURANT
A qrH..ir oftpwtun1tv to io•n th,t

,1.1hnnwwfe r.•JliitnMon of FARAEll 'S.
Gre..t Working Cor'611in11,

Gav 9()' s Atmosphere
A fun place to wo,k .

We need responsible VoU"I people and
stable. -m~tUre adults.
X FOOD PREPARATION WORK
tExperifflced. mature femaln, D~ Shilt)
X FRY COOK & SANDWICHES
tExperienced. mature femolllS, Dav Shilt)
X WAITRESSES

tYount housewives & single girb • day
shifts only. Appearance counts)
Thi followint positions IH ideally suited for
oollege students. Full tilTII! or part-tilTII!; day,
r;enint end weekend schedules available.
X BUSBOYS tGood coordination necessary
Appearance counts- C+ or better gredllS)

X WAITERS tOu1goir19, friendly attitude
Appearance counts-C+ or bettt!r gradl!S)
X CASHIERS (Outgoing, friendly attitude
Appearance counts-B+ or better grades)

or better grades)

X ASSISTANT FRY COOKS St SANO ,
WICHES (Male & female, full • nd

pan-t ime)
ALL THOSE HIRED WILL BE PUT
THROUGH OUR TRAINI NG PROGR AM
Apply in person to 1he btllow addr~s:

5082 No, Palm at Shaw
Fig Garden Village
1-4 PM
Mon.-Wed .

, . : · · I;·.
I

only for economic survival. We
can •make tt• in the traditional
sense as individuals who utilize
their income merely for accumulation of material things.
Or, we may redefine the term
"making it 11 by utilizing the power
that comes with success to bring
about the changes that will allow
us to really make it collectively
- as a people.

dation Fellowship to work in the
California State Legislature for
one year.
I know that many candidates
seeking public office are eager to
tell the voters what they will do
if they are elected. Isn't it better
to know what they have done before they ask for our vote?
Andy Tobar
Sacramento

tional program , the organi zation
of the program should be based
on the indi victual needs and abilities of the personnel.
As you can tell by his surname, Mr. Lopez is of Mexican
descent. I imagine the public has
been reading about the situation
at Yosemite Junior High and about
other schools that have a large
number of Mexic. -American
students. Mr. Lopez' , lnd is that
these s i tu at ions h~ e to be
straightened out. I can a~ ure you
that it certainly helps . have
someone sitting up there , the
board who understands the 1\,. 'Xican community. Furtherml ·e,
don't think for one moment that
Mr. Lopez will stand forfoolishness. Discipline is Gilbert Lopez'
forte.
Philip Patino

Support Villa, Kimber
In previous administrations of
city government the problems of
today's youth have all but been
neglected. This is particularly
true about college students. Even
though today's youth has been
outstanding in many fields and has
surpassed the.tr elders in personal involvement in the area of
human rights they have not received the basic respect of their
elders. This is particularly true
in the area of government.
The typical structure of government involving youth is the
FSC student government. Students support the government financially and they elect the representatl ves who make minor
decisions, but the final decision
is made by a group· of proven
adults. What this amounts to is no
real involvement of youth in government.
Fresno ts fortunate in that they
have two candidates who are outstanding in the area of youth involvement as well as community
involvement. They are Les Kimber and Al Villa. Both of these
men have been involved in youth
activities which has included vi vid discussions, socializing, mutual respect as well as active
participation. Both of these men
have also received the endorsement of the Fresno Bee. We believe that the college community
and the community at large cannot
afford to fail to take advantage
of this opportunity. With this in
mind we endorse the above candidates fully.
Black Student Union

Lopez lauded

X FOUNTAIN MEN (Good coordination
,,...,..... ry Appe.-ance count< C ,

)

dustry, politics, etc. of this country. Finally we must be aware of
those who control it. All this is
necessary to realize that by passively participating in it, one perpetuates it and that by actively
participating to change it one
must confront great powers.
Regardless of the decision that
we arrive at there is one reality
that we must deal with. In this
country education is directly related to income and income directly related to power, We are
all trying to • make tt• , even if

·I ..
'

A BROWN BERET MORATORIUM MARSHALL, walkie talkie in
hand, walks alongside the march~rs. The Brown Berets, army of
La Raza, were the major factor in the oraer I iness of the march.

After listening to other Fresno
City Unified School candidates
speak on educational issues . I am
writing to say that the best man
is Mr. Gilbert Lopez. His answers to questions concerning
curriculum, personnel, administration, school conditions and the
tenure law have been that if a
situation exists, it be dealt with
in particular, and not to generalize.
The Fresno City School Board
this year supported an individual ized instructional program. Mr.
Lopez feels that if individualization ts accepted for the instruc-

-Reprinted from Lf'voz
• del Pueblo, January

'Welfare of ·the_people'
One of the speakers at a Les
Kimber political rally recently
brought to my attention the motto of the state of Missouri - it
reads as follows: •Let the welfare of the people be the supreme
law." What a wonderful goal for
a state, a county, or a city to
strive for. We here in the city of
Fresno should ask ourselves if
the City Council over the past ten
years has been working toward
the welfare of the people or has
catered to the interests of the
wealthy few? The. answer to this
is that for the most part, either
through ignorance or de s i g n ,
some members are owned by the
giant developers and other exceptionally rich few.
There are two men seeking
council posts number one and
number three who are unbought.
Two men who have spoken honestly on the issues. Two men who
are not afraid to speak out for
social justice for all. Two men
who represent the new politics of
youth. These two men are Les
Kimber and Al Villa.
Tomorrow is election day. I
ask every student to vote tomorrow for Les Kimber and Al Villa
because these men believe
strongly in the AMERICAN
DREAM of equality for all.
Vincent Lavery

THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a wee_k except ·
holidays and examination periods bv
the Fresno ·state ...:ouege- Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a semes.ter, $15 a year. Editorial office,
Keats Campus Building, telephone
487-2486 . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
Opinions expressed in Dally Collegian special editions are not necesaarlly those of Fresno State College
or the student body.

Monday, April 19, 1971

PENSAMIENTOS-----In your experience in the educational system
(elementary and secondary) as a student and
now observer,

what do you see as a maior

problem?

Bilingual-bicultural education:
cure, anesthetic or placebo
By Pedro Figueroa

Ron Luna
Looking back on my high school educational experience I would have to say I am dissatisfied
with the education I recel ved in high school. It did
not prepare me for college. My counselor never
advised me or encouraged me to attend college.
All he did was channel me into classes like wood
shop, metal shop, and classes that were not relevant in furthering my education. I had nobody to
identify with in advising me academically. There
were a lot of Chicano students that the educational
system at that time was not servicing. The system
was not sensitive to our needs. That is why a lot of
Chicano students find it difficult competing with
other students in our college.

Ana Maria Godina
I wish teachers, especially those at the elementary level, could become involved with their students individually. In this way, a better understanding could exist between the student and teacher. It
would also give a teacher a better insight on what
areas the child needed the most help.

Bob Hernandez
1 feel that one of the problems in the elementary
and secondary levels is a lack of orientation for
the Chicano student, insuring the continuation of
his education past high school.With the exception of
a few, many Chicanitos are labelled as "slow learners" by slanted intelligence examinations and by
teachers lacking in .understanding.
As they continue into high school, the wood shop,
auto shop and print shop classes are filled with a
disproportionate number of Chicanos. They are
placed there by counselors who cannot see anything
better for a Chicano than a good steady job as a
bilingual shoe salesman or as a clerk at a local
dime store.

THE DAILY COLLEGIAN · 3

In Central California there are
large numbers of persons for
whom the first language is Spanish. Many students from this
group find themselves in classes
for the mentally-retarded. They
do poorly on standardized IQ and
achievement tests and figure significantly in school dropout data.
Further, it is reported by many
authorities that these people suffer from a poor self image.
There have been attempts to
overcome some lacks and failures traditionally built into the
school. Sm a 11 er teacher-pupil
ratios, reading specialists, •individualized instruction• have
been part of the local compensatory education schemes. Patterns
of low achievement and high dropout rates continue. Education in
lhe language of the dominant so ciety, English, appears to be
successful only in the middleclass suburb.
Bilingual education beginning
in the language of the home, in
our case Spanish, would be a
sound approach, If along with instruction there would be a sincere
effort by the school people to
maintain the language of the home
and build a positive identification
with the home and neighborhood.
Language development experts
tell us that this is the best approach. If a child speaks Spanish
from infancy, teach him the language skills in Spanish. Later he
will be able to transfer to English

Delma Garcia
Since eatly experiences in grammar school the
Chicano student is made to feel inferior. He goes
to school with this feeling and finally comes to
accept it. As he gets older, he is afraid to get involved in student government activities, etc. because he still feels he lacks the qualifications or
talents needed. To remedy this, they need the encouragement of other Chicanos that have become
aware of just how much they can accomplish. For
this we need more Chicano teachers and counselors
- people who the students can talk and relate to.

with greater facility using skills or strategies for the education
already mastered in the mother· <{)f t.h eir children. The anesthetic
tongue. Other outcomes of this then is a program allowed by disapproach are greater success in tricts, decided . upon unilaterally
school, an improved self-image and ham strung through controls
imposed by persons who do not
and a lower dropout rate.
understand the problem or the
Parents writing their thoughts
promise.
on bilingual education have exThe placebo is a cynical token
pressed the desire that their
allowed for a variety of reasons.
children recognize the importance of the culture from which One is to quiet some agitating
force which be com es botherthey come and an appreciation
some. Another could be the hunfor the land in which they now
ger for federal funds in order to
live. They also want their children to be able to speak Spanish !und some pet project. In any
case, the program will be kept
and English well. Many confess
for those Mexican American stuthat they feel the schools can
teach their children •better• dents who probably will not learn :
anyway.
Spanish than can the parents.
A bleak picture? Perhaps, as
They are very concerned that
broadly outlined, but there are
their children speak English well
promising developments. First
so that higher status jobs will
among these ls the beginning of
be theirs. There then Ls thebrie!
a •raza unida•. Mostly youth,
for bilingual-bicultural educathey have caught the attention of
tion or the cure.
the establishment. Their continThe way btlingual-bicultural
uing interest in increasing educaeducation is being implemented
tional opportunity for the Spanish
constitutes an anesthet~c or pl::ispeaking peoples served as an
cebo. Those who apply it as an
inspiration to other groups.
anesthetic know that our students
MAP A, AMAE, CSO, LULAC and
are being failed by the schools.
others are carrying the message
There are few administrators or
of the young to the educational
teachers who have studied the
establishment. Small groups of
possibilities and materials availthe establishment, including perable on the subject. Fewer, still,
sons within the State Department
understand the Mexican Amerof Education, college professors,
can students or really see the
the National Education Associaneeds turned up in study after
tion and others are helping to
study. From the colleges down to
legitimize our very real needs
the Headstart classes there has
and demands.
.
been little effort to recruit MexWe must all work at these
ican Americans let alone Chicanos, to help develop curricula - small gains and build upon them.
Bilingual-bi cultural e d u ca ti o n
will allow our young to survive.
For the Anglo, it provides an
additional opportunity to at last
begin to understand and appreciate his brown neighbor. We are
here now, we want an equal run
at the opportunity structure and
the chance to live in peace in a
prosperous United States.

SPECIALS:

Sylvia Ramirez
Education has thus far only been an inadequate
trainin~ ground for the student so that he may try
to function and serve accordingly in society. If the
school system would provide an appropriate curriculum we would have more sensitive people as
opposed to people with heads filled only with facts.
All this beglns at the elementary level, picks up
momentum at .the high school level and is outwardly accepted at the college level.

CANVAS BAG

NAVY BEtl

_

onry

BOTTOMS

Chicano Moratorium
(Continued from Page 1)

march was to end, Storyland,
playland and the boating facilities
were closed. (These steps must
have been taken to prevent the
slaughter of innocent children.)
Two days before the moratorium.
Chicano organizers were tracked
down for questioning, prior to any
crime committed.
The city officials through their
action had:
1. told the community of Fresno that violence was going to occur (how else could one justify
the $40,000 spent on preparations);
2, intimidated the Chic an o
community from participating
through the use of fear tactics;
3. express ed fear whi ch was
manifestation of their racist attitudes, particularly the stereotype of Chicanos not being able
to act in a humanly manner, and
therefore less than human. ·
At this point the question of the
Moratorium had been changed. No
longt: . . was the war the issue but
now the communttywas questioning the abiltty of Chicanos to
maintain a non-violent demon-

a

stration if we so desired. And
there were many that doubted us.
For example, where were those
that have continually given lipservice to the attainment of social
justice? Where were the men of
the church (Fr. Victor Salandini
was the only priest present who
had faith and courage to participate)? Where were those-that call
us their brown brothers (very
few were Anglo marchers)?
One marcher said later "it
seemed to many that it was a
miracle that we could put on such
a thing without violence. I wonder
what they think we are?"
We marched to protest a war
that is unjust, immoral and not
of our making. We marched to
protest a war our people are
forced to carry a heavy death
burden in. We marched to protest
a war of murder, atrocities and
suffering. We marched for an end
to the war and a beginning for
. peace; Fresno answered with an
arsenal of men and weapons prepared to squash our Raza, if necessary. May God have mercy on a
people t:nat react in such a man, ner to those who protest war, seek
social justice and ask for peace!

5
49
· · ·
up

Al1l FORCE
LOS HI JOS DE LA RAZA - The

•why• of the

moratorium.

Extra Snecial
K & E ANALON

SLIDE RULEI
NOW
ONLY
-;r

i:

4~s

-----------

BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
_MAKE YOUR OWN
SAVE ON
STY R ENE ·B EADS
AND FABRICS

FREE
PATT.ERNS

REG

VALUE
--

18.35
',

Ava ilab le only on SPECIAL ORDER.

◄, Deposit 2.50. Offer expires Apr. 23.

1
1

FRESNO STATE· COLLEGE

BOOKSTORE
IN THE HEART OF THE CAMPUS

ENGINEERING

SUN
GLASSES

DEPARTMENT

602;-,roadway
237-3615

·OPffit ·SDMD·AYS-

I

4

THE DAILY COLLEGIAN

Monday, Apri I 19, 1971

Ci-t y elections Tuesday

VOTE

The Fresno Bee endorses
Les Kimber and Al Villa
for City Council posts
translated into adequate leaderKimber, the 36-year-old pubship and his record of late has
lisher of a weekly newspaper,
ts an intense, e_nergetic, intellt- · been marked by a mixture of defensiveness and complacency,
gent tough-minded man who would
and a tendency to talk confusingbe a fresh and independent voice
ly on both sides of certain issues.
at City Hall. He would provide
Kimber would strengthen Post
an important link between the
No. 1.
council and the Negro community,
but he is by no means a one-note
* * *
candidate. He has worked effectively in a number of communityIn Post No. 3, being vacated
wide programs and he knows the
by J. c. Trombetta, Villa is an
issues.
outstanding candidate - a 3 5Sometimes Kimber comes on
year-old attorney who rose out of
strong, but he knows how to prod
poverty through hard work and
public debate and test others' poself-discipline, an indefatigable
sitions. It is quality the council
and effective participant in combadly needs.
munity affairs, a patient and arIn failing to repeat its earlier
ticulate advocate. Of all the camendorsement of the P.ost No. 1 paigners, he has shown the best
inc11mbent, Paul Wasemiller, The
understanding of the importance
Bee does not mean to depreciate
of governmental consolidation in
his sincere concern for the comthe metropolitan area. The counmunity or his hard work during
cil needs men like Villa.
more than l0years on the council.
-Reprinted from
But his experience has not been
The Fresno Bee ·

AL VILLA, candidate for council post number 3, discusses the issues with Student Senator Bil l R iddlesprigger, Student Body President-Elect Phil Sherwood and other unidentified FSC students on one of his
visits on campus. Villa, the only attorney among the candidates is a graduate of FSC and r ece ived his law
degree . from UOP. Among the civic organizations that he's been involved with include Urban Coal ition,
Neighborhood Council, American Cancer Society and Community Service Organization.

N OTICIA S
S.F. Anti-War March
011te '!JD"' stea1.. a.
1t1a11, 2a.11,i. a1.1
you c:lo lo holi d
-U i.e1Z b,gge,-. ,11ril..
1'igt;i1' 1ies ... o'J4
~ill. The 111'/,. ite-

f act ta1kf a1,out
ae'Hf,,1:1-at!f hut he
5tilt rloesi,t k11ow

J,o-,,., la 1na.te it wo1-k.

Chicano contingent to march in
San Francisco's Anti-War March
on April 24. Meet at 7:30 a.m.
at Mission Street and California.
Housing will be available.
chale con el draft,

'Chicano Voices'
Salinas and Faderman announce
the publication of their anthology
of local poets and playwrights,
•Chicano Voices.,'' featuring Jose
Rendon and Omar Salinas .

P.ETE
LES KIMBER, candidate for Council post number 1, talks over a campus situation with Chicano leader
Steve Santos. Kimber, editor and publisher of the California Advocate for the last two years, has been
highly active in several commun ity a,nd governmental organizations.

Did I let. you downt .

I

Quakers ·call child~ ·tabor on farms 'Sweatshop'.
1

PffiLADELPIIlA (AP) - The
American Friends Service Committee says the child labor situation in American agriculture
compares with "the sweatshop
, scene in 1938."
·

In a report based on a survey of farms in five states the
Quaker group called agriculture
•the third most hazardous industry in this country~ and declared children should not be
allowed to work in it.
•At the very least," the AFSC
said, •children in agricultureal
work should be covered by the
laws which pertain to all children who wor k in hazar dous industries. "
The s ur vey of agriculture in
Califor nia, Maine, Oregon, Ohio
and the state of Washington was
conducted last summ er by commlttee workers. It found •unsanitary conditions -of both ftelds and
housing quarters."
Children as young as six years
of age were found working on
farms, somettmes •stooping and
crawling \n intense heat for eight
to ten hours a day,• the comm\ttee' s report sa1c1,

•The agricultural child labor
scene in 1970 is reminiscent of
the sweatshop scene in 1938. •
Investigators · said they found
one county in Maine where children harvested 35 per cent of the
potato crop.
In the five-county Wallamette
Valley area in Oregon,. investigators said, school teachers re- .
cruited children between the.ages
of 8 and -15 for farm work. ·
Among 229 children in a California study group, 17 per cent
worked .more than eight hours a
day and 19 per cent were under
12, the report said.
AFSC sur veyor s esti mated 90
to 95 pe r cent of children betwee n
12 and 15 in Skagit, Whatcom am1
Yakima. counties in Washington
worked in fi elds.
In Ohio, as in the other s tates ,
children were put to work in
clear violation of existing laws
against their employment, the
report said.
•No one knows how many children are working in the fields,•
the report asserted. •officials
at all levels use estimates, or
simply do not count any child
below a certain age. Earning re-

ports are unreliable because of
· the practice of paying families ,
rather than individuals; or the
practice of putting more than one
person on a Social Security card."
The report concluded:
"It should be :intolerable for a
sizable segment of a major industry to depend on ch~ld labor
for its survival. In American in
1970, it is not only tolerated, it is
encouraged."

-BEAUTIFUL!
. "THE BEST PICTURE OF JHE YEAR~

****!"
4 ACADEMY AWARD Nominntio11,
8~1t SUi'PORTlt.;:; AC: CR 110-"lt, r'iltl':,i

"Your Clos e st Fl ori~t"

C

ondits

~ st

1•n o

FLOWERS & GIFTS·

Finest Corsages & Flora l Make-,1p

Cedar&: 'hit>lds Ph . 22'7-356-1

Tripping a comp. student travel
booklet. Comprehensive info on
shots, I .D. cards, passports.jobs,
lodging, 5~ at your Bookstore.
VW '62 - clean, good cond, $650
or best offer - 229-5255

lest ACTR t 35 ,SA 1F•H ::, •LL,!
/lest CiNE.'.\"TOC:!<Ai'Hf
lest s·ouNO

Item sets

La Voz de Aztlan Set