La Voz de Aztlan, March 22 1971
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, March 22 1971
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
3/22/1971
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00019
extracted text
Fight for Aztlan y no Vietnam
During the 1910 revolution in
Mexico there came a large flow
of Mexicanos northward across
the U.s. border into the southwest
or motherland of all Mexicanos.
This land of our ancestors which
was stolen from us is now called
Aztlan . This immigration mixed
well into the Chicano barrios and
rural areas where they added
numbers to the already large
Chicano population.
World War I created a farm
labor shortage that Chicanos
filled; there we mainly took a
support! ve role of agricultural
maintenance during a time when
labor supply was greatly needed.
However, there was a significant
number of Chicanos that participated and lost their lives in combat for the defense of their country and fr eedom throughout the
world, The number would have
been gr eater but racist military
standards and attitudes kept many
Chicanos out of the service.
With the depression of the
'30s times be_cam~ hard for
everyone, especially minority
groups who were at the bottom
of the economic ladder. Chicanos
who had risen from the fields into
the area of blue-collar employment were forced once again back
to the fields and jobs that ~ere
•suitable for cheap Mexican labor only.• The small social and
economic advances we had gained
were demolished.
The years prior to WW II were
important in forming attitudes
about the coming war. Chicanos
had been exposed to racism at
all levels-psychological. social,
economic and political. We lived
at the bottom of the economic
ladder and suffered the evils of
Poverty. We were stereotyped as
lazy, shiftless , knife-ca rrying
thieves. We suffered discrimination beyond belief.
It wasn't enough that we were
forced into unbelievable Poverty
but our culture was raped and our
identity taken from us to the point
where we were ashamed of our
existence. The man had made us
so ashamed of ourselves that
some of us , breaking under the
pressure , denied our existence
and called ourselves Spaniards or
Portuguese.
WW II came and Chicanos felt
that this was our opPQrtunity to
prove our loyalty and manliness
to the U.S. We were glad to be
given the opportunity to serve,
fight and, if necessary, die in
defense of our country , the United
States of America.
The bravery and valor of Chicanos could no longer be questioned. Wherever men died in battle there was s ure to be Chicanos
DC
among them. Proportionately,
Chicanos earned more medals of
honor than any other group, including anglos. Thousands of Chicanos gave their lives and for a
while the white society acknowledged our deeds.
We paid the ultimate price for
citizenship (death) to a country
that has consistently labeled us as
foreigners. We now felt that we
had paid our dues for a portion
of the American way of life. We
had paid in blood.
It wasn't long before anglos
forgot the bravery and valor that
Chicanos had displayed in defense of the U.S. As usual, our
past deeds were excluded from
the history books. For example,
how many of you have ever heard
of PFC Guy Gabaldon who singlehandedly captured 800 Japanese
troopers on Saipan (Morin, Raul,
"Among the Valiant," 1966)?
LXXVl/105
More imPortant - how many Qf
you racists will not believe it?
The Korean War and the early
Vietnam War did not have the
same impact on Chicanos. We did
not necessarily feel a need to
prove ourselves, but due to the
increasing demand of military
personnel, we were systematically forced into the armed forces.
With the increased awareness
of the high percentage of Chicano·
deaths and the stagnating socioeconomic conditions at home, we
began to question the war and our
role in it. In November of 1969,
a National Chicano Conference
to deal with the problems of war
and Chicanos was heldinDenver,
Colorado.
The problems was defined as
"systematic mllitary exploitation
of Chicanos" and the solution was
(Conti1:1ued on Page 4, Col. 2)
MONDAY, ~ARCH 22, 1971
POLITICAL FRONT PROPOSED
Questions asked during
boycott of food services
THE STUDENT SENATE VOTED TO BUY AND RECOGNI ZEUFWOC
LETTUC E, WHY DID THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REFUSE THE
STUDENTS'MANDATE?
Agri-business, represented by the large growers in the San
Joaquin Valley , was an important factor in the cancellation of La
Raza Studies program. This fact was brought out by the investigatory
team from the Chancellor ' s office. The agri,-business complex feels
threatened by the farmworker's union. They upset the status quo.
When the Senate resolution, supporting UFWOC passed, the farm
bureau immediately sent two representatives to Fresno State to talk
to the ar',ninistration. Then they took a public Position in the Fresno
Bee denouncing the farmworker's union. The Board of Directors
responded by their refusal of the Senate mandate. Evidently, the
agri-business intimidation is thorough, for the Board has tabled a
similar Senate mandate a second time.
WHY BUY ONLY UFWOC LETTUCE?
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee has been the
union in the forefront of organizational efforts for farmworkers.
Currently, they are organizing in Texas, Arizona, California, New
Mexico, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado, Idaho, Ohio, Michigan,
New York , Washington and Florida (Organized Migrants in Communi ty Action). It is the only union which has the trust of the farmworke rs. The Senate resolution was explicit recognition of UFWOC
and support by tt,a purchasing of UFWOC lettuce.
WHAT CAN UFWOC DO FOR THE FARMWORKERS?
It can give them strength to bargain collectively, thereby involving
them (something they have never had before) in determining their
needs. It can be the vehicle for acquiring dignity and change for
themselves and their children.
EYEN IF THE FARMWORKER JOINS THE UNION, WON'T MECHANIZATION PHASE HIM OUT?
Mechanization is going to be a decisive factor in the farmworker's
life. However, there is a precedent set by other unions. For example,
the Maritime Union has been hit hard by mechanization. The result
has been that they have retrained their members and dive.rsified
unionizing efforts into othe·r areas.
WHAT ABOUT THE SMALL FARMER - ISN'T THE UNION DRIVING
HIM OUT OF BUSINESS?
Farms are getting larg~r, which naturally decreases the number
of farms . For example , in· 1935, there were 6.8 million farms ; by
1968, there were only 3 millibn. These large corPQrate farms have
highly efficient technological and economical advantages that the
small farmer cannot compete with. The pnblems besetting the small
farmers struggling to remain independe..c are many. However, ,to
their additional disadvantage, when the big commercialfarms exploit
their workers, the labor of the family working "its own farm is consequently exploited by market conditions so that they receive the
same low return for their toil. UNIONI ZATION OF FARM WORKERS
ON THE HUGE FARMS WOULD IN ITSEL.F HELP THE SMALL
FARMER BY MAKING HIS OWN LABOR WORTH MORE.
-MECHA
Reagan budget cuts
education ieopardize EOP
The Educational Opportunity
Program, which was designed to
recruit low income and minority
people on to state colleges and
universities is once again under
attack.
Recently Governqr Reagan
proposed that the EOP budget be
cut from $4.1 million to $1.6
million. This means that no longer will many of the supPQrtive
services such as ·tutoring, counseling, book funds, and financial
aid be available to EOP students
throughout the state colleges.
As a result many students will
have to drop out of college, while
others will have to take on more
work to support themselves and
thereby jeopardize their college
progress. Also because of the
cutqacks many minority students
attending high schools and junior
colleges will not be able to apply
to state colleges, thus rearing
many of these students to vocational schools.
The chief result will be reduced grants for EOP students.
Some EOP directors argue that
if things don't look better "painful decisions" will have to be
made. They include suspending
fi~ancial ·aid to continuing EOP
students and channeling i_t to new
incoming students or extending
only partial aid to continuing students and providing only 1,200
new EOP students throughout the
state college syste m.
So.me of the interesting possibilities resulting from EOP
budget cuts were reported by
Kenneth Washington, statewide
EOP director, at a February
meeting of EOP officials and
students in Sacramento:
1. New students will receive
$100 per year as compared to
this year's average of $350.
2. Continuing students will re-
cei ve no financial aid.
3. The total grant money for
new students, which was $110,000
this year, will be s 1iced to
$28,000.
4. Elimination of three of the
four EOP counselors, as well as
teacher cutbacks in the Ethnic
Studies Department.
5. Elimination of EOP programs at Stanislaus State, Humboldt State, Cal State Bakersfield
and Cal State San Bernardino.
In light of the proPQsed cuts in
the EOP budget, EOP students and
officials are hoping to PQSe a political front. A statewide EOP
conference in · San Luis Obispo
resulted in letter writing campaigns and petition signing
throughout the state. The petitions asking for the restoration
of EOP funds are presently circulating on campus. The petitions
will be sent to San Luis Obispo
on March 30 and presented to
Governor Reagan at an April
press conference in Sacramento.
We call on EOP students, parents and community groups to
write to the area legislators and
Governor Reagan. These letters
should state the need for EOP
and what EOP has done for minority people throughout the
state.
We have four months of fighting
ahead of us and as Kenneth Washington stated, •we can't give up,
we won 1t give up!"
CHICANO MORATORIUM APRIL" 3, 1971
In honor of our brothers, families, and friends and loved
ones who have died in Vietnam. The Chicano in the service
has the highest percentage of deaths in Vietnam. Of all the
dead in general, 45 ,000, 19.9 per cent or more since the last
moratorium in Fresno are Chicanos.
Till now 10,000 Chicanos have died, plus the six Chicanos
killed in the Los Angeles massacre.' March will start at
Dickey's Playground at the cornerofDlvisaderoandBlackstone
and will end at Roeding Park.
. Time: 12:00 p.m. - Speeches' - Plays - Food - Bring our
carnales and sons back from Vietnam ALIVE NOW!
"Moratorio Mexicano En Fresno"
En Honor a nuestros Hermanos, Fam1Uares, Amigos, Y Seres
Queridos que han m~erto en Viet-Nam . El soldado mexicano
lleva el porcentaje mas alto di! muertes en Viet-Nam. De
todos los que mueren en general, 45,000. 19.9% son mexicanos.
Hasta ahora han muerto 10,000 Mexicanos. Y los 6 chicanos
que mataron en el moratorio en Los Angeles, estos meces
pas ados.
·
Desfile Y Congregacion. 3 De Abril, 1971.
Desfile empiezara a las 12:00 mediodia en el Dickey Playground en las esquinas de Di visadero Y Blackstone.
Congregacion en Roeding Park, Motel Drive Y Belmont.
"Discursos• - •variedades• - •cornidas•
"Regrecen a nuestros Hermanos de Viet-Nam" •VJVOS"
2
T$ DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
The Chicano
and the draft
in jails, juvenile halls and prisWi~h the 1:1ve~-expancling Vlet
ons at the hands of racists that
Nam war and the continuous
rob us of life so thllt we may die
struggle for survival of our peoor
walk out something less than
ple here in Aztlan, Chicanos are
a man. (This process is often
faced with the toughest decision
call rehabilltation).
in their lives - succumb to the
Now I am ordered to become a
MAN or cry, CHALE CON EL
. part of the government that inDRAFT.
sures the status quo. The army
The following personal account
has inducted or systematically
better exemplifies a Chicano's
forced young brave Chicanos off
frustrations over La Raza's
to a war many miles from our
plight and expresses his reasons
homes. There they are taught to
for refusing induction.
maim and destroy the minds and
I often speak of Chicanismo,
bodies
of innocent men, women
Carnallsmo, La Causa, self-deand children. Many Chicanos
termination and social justice,
come back but an unproportionfor these are more than just
ately large number will not see
words to me. They engulf the very
their families again. Yes, they
survival of La Raza. If we are
died for a country - a country
ever to become successful in our
that has historically seen them
liberation then we must all be
as a cheap labor supply, as bodies
willing to sacrifice in order that
to be shipped off to wars, as
these dreams will become realspicks, wetbacks and people of an
ity.
inferior race.
I, Juan Raza, have been ordered
I have spoken of social justice,
to report for induction into the
Armed Forces of the United
States. The government of the
United States has ordered that I
become a part of that system that
has alienated me all my life. I
was nevet directed towards college, to speak up on my needs
Black and Brown vote
as a human being or, for that
matter, •I was never allowed to
If Black and Brown students
exist. Now all of a sudden I have
turn out in force to vote in the
been given the honor to serve
coming student body elections,
my country that I may be gratethey can probably avoid many of
ful for a11 lt has done for me.
the · problems encountered with
We, the proud people of La
getting resolutions past the Board
Raza, have known little else but
of Directors.
racism and brutal oppression at
The Board has eight members.
the hands of this society. The
They are: the student body preseducational system has distorted
ident, first and second vice presthe minds of our children, pierced
idents, president pro tempore of
our hearts and beaten our souls.
the student senate, and four adYou bit our tongue and castrated
ministration-faculty representaour culture; not only making us
tives.
strangers in our own land but
To get a resolution past the
worst of all, you have robb;d us
Board requires five favorable
of dignity and made us feel shame
votes. Whomever is elected presthat we existed.
ident pro tempore of the Student
My people are dying here in
Senate is likely to vote in favor
these great United States. They
of another UFWOC resolution beare dying in the butcheries called
cause he is elected by a body
county hospitals, in the fields
which has shown overwhelming
where we not only le!t our sweat
support (21-4) for such a resolubut also many years that were
tion.
stolen from the average life span;
In last year's student body
but worst of all, they are dying
election the outcome was close.
So close, that if Blacks and
Browns had turned out in greater
numbers '.o vote, a liberal slate
could have been elected to the
top three student body offices
instead of the present conserva~
tive blocs.
The four students just mentioned would constitute four of the
five votes necessary to pass
legisl~tion requested by the Student Senate. Only one of the four
administration-! a cult y representatives needs to vote with the
students. In the case of the
UFWOC lettuce resolution, professor of physics, John R. Don-
STEVE
VARTABEDIAN
VINCE
LAVERY
AND ALL OTHER
ARTIST MATERIALS
20%1
FLETCHER
CANVAS - BRUSHES
't,\EDI.UMS
OIL PAINTS
WAR SURPLUS
DEPOT
602 6roadway at Ve.n tura
PH: 237~15
racism, and war but there seems
to be a contradiction. My conscience cannot allow me to become a part of that system that
either destroys or cripples those
who will not succumb to the ideals
and values of the oppressor.
If we are to be truly free, then
we must stand against those that
oppress us and declare our right
CARTAS Y N OTICIAS
aldson, did just that. The two
votes that defeated this resolutlon came from the student body
president and second vice president.
If the Blacks and Browns vote
in strength in the coming student
body elections they can put into
power a moderate or liberal
student government that will be
receptive to the needs of minority
students.
D. Leroy
Teatro Campesino
El Teatro Campesino de Aztlan announces the second annual
Festival de los Teatros de Aztlan.
The plans for this year include
at least 20 Teatros from all over
Aztlan. A special invitation has
gone out to the Teatro Arena De
Sao Paulo, Brazil; Los Mascarones de Poesia Coral, Mexico
D. F.. and the White Roots of
Peace, a Native American group.
Last year's festival was very
successful despite the problems
we had with location after Ronnie
Reagan closed down the State
College campuses, for fear of
retaliation for the Kent State
Massacre. This year's festival
will be held at several locations
(nos pusimos truchas) all within
a half hour of each other. Tentative locations are: u.c. Santa
Cruz, Gavillan College, San Jose
State, Cabrillo College, Harnell
College. There will also be community performances in Watsonville and Salinas. At San Juan
Bautista, (La Calavera) workshops will be held on films _
improvisations, playwriting actos, construction theory of 'c hicano theah t!, movement. The festival will be held from April 5-10
Easter week, to give students ~
chance to attend. All teatros and
Raza interested in teatro are invited to attend and participate in
the workshops. For more information contact:
Ricardo Nieto
Business Manager
Teatro Campesino
P.O. Box 2302
Fresno, Califas 93927
STUDENTS
.EARN EXTRA MONEY!
Need donors for Plasmacan sell twice a week
$6 for Complete Collection
Call 485-482t
for appointment
Hours 7:30 a.m. - 3:30p.m.
CALIF I BLOOD BAN<
~---...--. FOUNDATION
412 F Street~-Fresno
B•lrl& thl• ad - It'• worth •
Boaua to you!
New Adelita officers
On February 17, 1971 Adelita
officers for the Spring Semester
were elected. Those elected are:
Suzanna Mata, president; Dora
Lopez, vice president· Pat
1 Aguirre, secretary, Cath~ Sanchez, treasurer; Agapita Cardenas and Dolores Jimenez publicity managers.
'
Involvement with the community and other Chicano organizations politically, educationally
and socially are the primary
goals of Adelitas this spring semester. In order to achieve these
goals two new positions were
opened with the initiation of several projects. Dolores Aguiniga
was appointed Adelita Concilio
Representative to the Fresno
Brown Beret Chapter. Another
position was also opened to serve
as a liaison to Fresno City
College Adelitas in order to unite
both organizations' efforts il ..o
corresponding positive directions. Fresno City College Adelitas has also opened a similar
position to Fresno State Adelitas.
Two of the projects that Adelitas have initiated for community
involvement include a Registration Drive for 18-year-olds and
a volunteer ·tutorial program.
Voter Registration Drive of
18-year-old Chicanos is one way
of involving Adelitas politically
in the community, by organizing
the Chicano vote into an effective
bloc and political force. There
are approximately eight Adelitas
who have volunteered to become
re gistrars. The regisirars will
then go out to Fresno City College
and various high schools in Fresno County. The project is in conjunction with the League of Women Voters who have already
started a similar project, Mrs.
Betty Rodriguez, who will be
Voter Service Chairman for
Fresno County will speak at an
Adelitas meeting sometime in
April.
Esther Castillo was appointed
to serve as Chairman for the bi-·
lingual volunteer tutorial program at the Winchell School under the direction of Mr. Pedro
Figueroa. The tutors will be in
the classroom with bilingual children of all ages. The project Is
a continuation of the 1969-70 Adeli ta group. Since the program
was very successful last year, it
was decided by unanimous vote
to continue with the program.
Contrary to popular opinion
Adelltas ts not apartoftheWomen's Liberation Movement. As
Chicanas there is great potential
to self-determination. In good
conscience, I shall refuse induction, for you see, I AM A FREE
MAN.
CHALE CON EL DRAFT!
lttn.l
for us to aid in our Raza's struggle for self-determination but we
must first exercise that potential.
Adelitas welcomes all interested
and concerned Chicana students.
Announcements are usually posted on the Cafeteria bulletin board
concerning the meeting place.
Regular meetings are held every
Wednesday at noon.
Tutorial program
Delta Alpha Chi, a new fraternity at Fresno State College,
initiated a high school tutorial
program during the latter part of
the Fall semester. The tutorial
service was concel ved· by the
fraternity based on the fact that
high school students need additional help in their school work.
Upon discussing the proposed
tutorial service with high school
administrators and counseling
personnel, an acute need of such
service was revealed. The fraternity proposed such a tutorial
service to Roosevelt High School
and was readily accepted by the
administration and the counseling staff.
The program was organizedon
the basis of a one-to-one working relationship, covering all high
school subject areas. The tutorial service has reached the committee's goals in the subjects of
English, biology, history, American government and reading,
As the tutorial service has expanded through the Spring semester, problems have arisen in the
subject areas of chemistry, algebra and higher math. There is
a great need in these particular
subjects; therefore, Delta Alpha
Chi welcomes tutors in any subject. The suggested time zone for
all tutors is between 3:30 p. m.
and 5 p.m. on weekdays. Tutors
and high school students unable
to work at this time are free to
schedule their times on or offcampus. Any interested student
can get additional information
about our tutorial service by calling Edward Castro - 439-4394
Ruben Rodriguez - 266-9757 0 ;
Rick Luna - 224-8062.
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephon~
487-2486. Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
O_p inions expres aed in Daily Collegian special editions are not nece 8 •
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters . . . , .. . . Ofelia Garcia,
Esperanza Rodriguez
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia' •
Pat Aguirre, Grace Soli~
G
PENSAMIENTOS
Gets Nixon invitation
Between the Board of Directors and the
tudent Senate who should rule?
Why?
Mary Ruiz
The Student Senate should rule ~ince it is a
realistic functioning body representative of the
entire FSC student body. The Board of Directors
is a pigm.ent of my imagination!
Manuel Contreras
I feel the Student Senate should make the decisions on all matters concerning the students. The
Board of Directors primarily tends to represent
powerful interest groups in the valley, rather than
have as their major concern the welfare of the
student body. The current lettuce issue is a prime
example of where the board's loyalties are at and
their lack of concern for students.
Richard Rodriguez, a senior
sociology major from Exeter,
has received an invitation from
President Nixon to attend the
White House Conference on Youth
as a delegate.
The conference which will be
held April 18-22 in Denver, Colorado, is to be attended by some
1,000 delegrates from throughout the United States.
Richard will participate in the
committee on thedraftandarmed
forces. Much of the attention wtll
be focused on the volunteer army,
according to Conference organizers.
Richard is pledge master for
Delta Alpha Chi, a service fraternity at Fresno State College,
and is a member of the California Youth Advisory Committee
on Selective Service.
New president
Fresno City College student
Jose Torres was elected president of Area 5 of the California
Community C o 11 e g es Student
Government Association at an
Area 5 conference held Saturday.
Joan Dawson,
The students of today have no use for the Board
of Directors. The students want to have direct involvement in their own affairs. Since the closest
thing we have to representative government on
this campus is the Student Senate, they should
have the final decision on student affairs.
Charles Van Gunst
The Board is bent on designing policies which
appear to serve the ends of a few men; their aim
is absolute authority. If policy ruling depends on
the mandate of an intelligent majority, a concerned
and participating majority for that matter, the Student Senate had clearly spoken for the student majority. The boycott when in effect grew every day,
leaving little room for doubt that the Student
Senate must of necessity have policy-making authority so that the mood of Uie campus will be reflected in decisions.
Grace Solis
I feel that the students of FSC are intelligent
and responsible enough to decide how the facilities
that belong to them are run. After all, we pay fees
to maintain the ·buildings and most important, our
student senators are our elected representatives.
If the Student Senate endorses a resolution we
must abide by it the same way we must abide by
the decisions of our state and national legislati:res.
We should start practicing democracy on campus.
Toi Iing and sweating in the whit~ hot sun;
Too tired to sleep when the day 1s done;
Picking tomatoes, fruits, melons and beans;
Latin minority of meager means.
GRAPEFIELDS AS A CHILD
Great clouds wired to the ground
confer and tremble
when a boy, loaded with pater, passes
pulling his feet quickly from the smouldering earth.
His family has sent him, the you119est,
for the gallon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap,
The brown skin blotches with the dust
that is everywhere,
his father, who is grey, has spotted him but keeps working.
And there are people now, everywhere,
bobbing i.n and out of the leaves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
-Ben Durazo
workshops and this conference
back to our schools for improved
local action and there forwarded
as legislation. With closer communication and support for each
other on student issues our goals
and objectives ' can become a
reality •.• We must have students
actively involved in community
services and Community, State,
and National Politics '
·· Torres, a business adminis-
tration major with a 3.3 grade
point average, is involved in many
City College student government
and MECHA activities. He is a
member of La Mesa Directiva,
an organization composed of students and people from the Fresno
Community.
Area 5 includes CC, Allan Hancock, Porterville, Reedley, Taft,
Cuesta, Bakersfield, West Hills
and College of the sequoias.
The conference which Torres,
a student senator, and several
ASB officers attended, was held
at Allan Hancock College in Santa
Maria.
In his address to the conference Torres stated, •we now
realize the strength in unity, and
to continue in this path the student involvement and communication must continue from these
SELL
YOUR
USED
The campus tutoring service
gives employment to student
workers and aids about 30 students a week (the number rises
to 60 during finals). Cramped
for space, the growing service
needs a home. Student government can, and should, al low
the use of the old bookstore.
Student needs are our No. 1
priority.
Sherwood for President
BOOKS
EVERY
WED.
Dave Collins is interested in
what student government can
do for students. Talk to him.
Give him your suggestions and
opinions. Soft-spoken, practical he makes student needs
hi~, No. 1 priority.
at
In rny field experience as a
Soc i a I Work major I have
learned to understand other
Horace Bailey
The Student Senate should rule. As things are
now the Student Senate is virtually a non-functioning body since whatever powers it does have stop
at the Board of Directors' door. When what the
Board of Directors say .-oes, despite strong feelings to the contrary by the Student Senate, then
the Board clearly runs the school - but clearly
for others, not the students. The relationship of
the Board and the Student Senate seems similar
to that of the President and Congress except in
that Con~ress can override a Presidential veto it seems we haven't arrived at that level of democracy yet.
Stooping and bending in the white h~t sun;
Descendants of conquistadors, Iberia's sons;
Hispanoid·cross with Montezuma's seed,
Doing stooP labor to meet life's needs.
On Campus Tutoring Service
Jess Barroso
As far as student funds are concerned I feel that
the Student Senate should control funds designated
for student use. If they do not get control then it
would seem a good idea for students to collectively
refuse to pay that portion which is supposed to be
designated for their use. If the Board· of Directors
fails to cooperate with student mandates then I feel
that the students via the Student Senate should have
the opportunity to override the Board's insensitive
and arbitrary decisions.
A NEW DAY
A new day must come for the migrant's sons;
For their wives and daughters-everyone.
The world needs the best of their hearts and minds,
And the migrant Iife must be left behind.
- Dr. R.H. Harrison
W a lace Dailey
The Board of Directors was created to handle
the responsibility of making decisions for student
government. The era in which this Board was
created was in the 1950's. This decade was a time
of great apathy when students were content to be
led by paternalistic administrators. Now that students have developed consciousness and responsibility the Board has become a political tool for
keeping a check on student activities. Activities
which could mean changes that would attack the
long neglected issues and problems of the college
and community as a whole. It's a cruel hoax that
the Board has become the irresponsible element.
It is now acting in the interest not of the college
and community but in the interest of those who
wish to see another decade of unconcern for critical
issues. Student government is recovering from the
· administrative anesthetic and is assuming its role
in repelling the sleep of apathy.
3
Working and drudging in the white hot ~un;
Men, women, and children 'til the day 1s done;
Constantly moving to follow the crops;
An endless cycle that must sure stop.
I think if there were more Student Senate representatives on the Board of Directors it should
rule. But these representatives should speak for
the majority of students.
Jess Martinez
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Crouching and kneeling in the white h«>t sun;
To another job when this one is done;
Gatherino the harvest of berries and fn1its;
Tenderly. caring for the tubers and shoots.
Gary McKillips
I feel that the Student Senate should have the
power to rule. I feel this because they are much
closer to the student body and they are the elected
representatives. I don't feel that the Board of
Directors is close enough to the students to be
representatives of them or show concern for what
the students think or feel.
Monday, March 22, 1971
FSC
'BOOKSTOK~
Collins for 1st VP
people andbesensitivetotheir.
problems.
D1,111
for
2■tl
YP
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
'Super-Chicano'
one main avenue open to a Pinto (Chicano convict) is Nationalism.
Of ¥-,II the polltical theories that I have been exposed to, I think that·
Nationallsrn best expresses my concept of what is good and bad for
all oppressed people. As I understand it, there are basically two
kinds of Natio'nallsm: Revolutionary and Reactionary. The Pinto who
becomes what I define as a •Reactionary Nationalist• does so principally because the only positive response that he ha~ received from
people that he attempted to relate to was from other Chicanos-exclusively! ~onsequently, the only people that he feels are worthy of
doing something for are other Chicanos. The people who have molded
his life, in terms of ever having done anything to help him, were all
Chicanos-his famlly, friends, and loved ones. He does not care
what the troubles of other peoples may or may not be. All he is interested in is doing something for the only people that have ever done
something for him-La Raza-Nosotros Los Chicanos. He makes his
commitment, goes to the streets, and becomes a •super-Chicano•.
He has a strong tendencytoequateeverythingin life to its abundance,
or lack of Chicanismo. His basic philosophy (political, economical,
and cultural) is that within La Raza he will do anything to help-outside of La Raza, he wants nothing to do with. Since my political
awakening was realized because of the fact that I have always been
some kind of a •cultural nationalist", I cannot thoroughly condemn
this attitude. In and of itself, itis not a bad thing. The fact remains,
though, that no political ideology is self-contained. It is relevant to
the degree that it •serves the people•. This particular ideology
serves the people, but I believe that it does us (La Chicanada del
Movimiento) a greater disservice. I will state my reasons for this
belief.
(1) It puts theadherentofthisideology in the hands of that element
in Chicano politics that sees nothing wrong with exploitation, oppression, racism, and general abuse of any other people, as long as it
is not directed toward La Raza.
(2) This ideology espouses the idea that the •sell-outs•, "Tio
Tacos•, and other kinds of •coconuts• amongst us should be given
consideration because they are, despite their faults, Chicanos.
(3) This ideology has to have an exploited, oppressed class of people to function. It eventually leads to racism, imperialism, fascism,
and subsequent self-destruction. This ls not what! want for my people. A FINAL COMMENT. I am reminded, as I think of this ideology,
of the fall of the great city of Tenochtitlan. As beautiful as it was,
and as mighty as it was, I believe that it was doomed as soon as
somebody came along who could exploit its weaknesses. With all of
its splendor, knowledge, and civilizationbeyond thewhiteman's wildest dreams, it fell (I believe) because of the very reasons that I attribute to that ideology known as •Reactionary Nationalism". I would
not like to see that happen to "La Nacion de Aztlan".
-Francisco •Guero" Estrada
What
•
IS
a Chicana?
We have viewed the Chicana
through different perspectives,
We have seen !>er placed in the
kitchen, barefoot and pregnant.
She has been put in the movement, demonstrated against
wrongs done to her people and
has been thrown in jail. Her positions have been unique and
stereotyped. Who is she in
reality?
What ls her position in the
movement and her relation to the
barrio?
The Chicana grew up in different at m o spheres. She was
raised in the barrio, struggling
in grammar school and receiving
the lowest standard of education.
She also passed her childhood in
the Anglo-community, and was
assimilated into a culture unlike
her own.
Now, regardless of her background, she is in the Chicano
community working for the betterment of her people.
The Chicana who works in the
movement has been termed militant. But how can you classify a
Chicana a militant, when she is
teaching six-year-old Chicanitos
the culture and language of their
peoJ?le.
EUROf>~ CHA~TERS
L
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The Chicana is a teacher in
many respects, She upholds the
traditions and customs of her
people. She is a liaison between
the new ideas set forth by the
young and the ideals maintained
by the old.
The Chicana's activities in the
barrio demand a twenty-four
hour day, yet she continues to
carry on her family role.
She attends s-chool, but does
not become a subject of the institution. She utilizes its studies
and finds time to participate in
activities to better her life and
her peoJ le's lives.
In college she realizes that
she owes her position there to
the people of the Chicano community, who have suffered and
strived to get Chicanos a better
education, She, in turn, directs
her schooling toward her people's
needs.
The Chicana understands the
role of the Chicano and works
alongside of him.
Because she is a woman, she
understands she must work twice
as hard to prove herself. She ls
capable Qf being an artist, a
wri_ter, a poet, a historian and a
lawyer. She. does not, however,
forsake her role as a mother and
a wlfe •.She is a CI-llCANA!
COUNCIL POST #3 RACE
Al Villa and the •issues
The major issues forcing the
City of Fresno are issues that
affect people in geteral and not
the special interests. This city
needs councilmen that have the
courage and conviction to stand
for and express the views that
are necessary to correct the
problems of our community. In
correcting the problems of our
community we must strive to
recognize that youth must become a part of decision making
through the ballot box. Eighteen
year olds must be given the right
to vote that is so necessary if
they are to effectively participate
in our system of government.
Many issues face our city today
-the right of geographical representation is one of the most
important. Our State Assembly,
State Senate, Congress and Board
of Supervision are all based on
geographic representation. This
is the essence of government to
be represented and to have a voice
in decisions that effect our daily
lives. Problems of West Fresno,
South East Fresno, North East
Fresno are not alike. Which
makes geographic representation
necessary. Councilmen should
come and live in those geographic areas so that all parts of the
city can have a voice.
Urban unification is a must for
the city of Fresno. We must
square boundaries to establish
one urban community to provide
efficient operation of governmental functions. Each taxpayer
has a right to expect and insist
he receive full value for tax
dollars. This can only be achieved
by squaring off jagged boundaries.
In squaring boundaries we must
start the process of consolidation
of services. Today there are
many duplications and waste resulting from departments and
governmental agencies creating
their own separate entities at the
expense of efficiency. We must
stop duplication in purchasing
computer services, police protection, fire protection, personnel services, sanitation and planning.
Unemployment is the most severe penalty that must be paid
by an individual that is productive but cannot find a job. We
must create jobs for people by
attracting new industry to Fresno. Elimination of the •1tility tax
alone will not do the job. We
must complete our proposed
freeway system to provide adequate land with proper zor.ing,
we must provide adequate housing
and recreation. We must be a
progressive community willing to
make the changes and meet the
challenges of the future.
_In our city we have encountered
,
problems with our youth. Our
community ~eeds to be openminded to initiate communication
with the youth. Youth must become a part of solving problems
that effect youth. They must be
allowed to participate on an even
keel with the rest of the community. Only through such participation and involvement can we solve
such problems. We must be ready
to listen and not be afraid to
change when facts and conditions
warrant change. Our city Council
must be ever responsive to the
needs of all its citizens and they
must realize that youth in fact
comprises a significant number
of citizens.
We must strive to provide adequate housing for residents of
our city. It is a disgrace that
2,000 people are sleeping in cars
because they cannot find a place
to live, Further it is an indictment that students at our colleges· cannot find adequate quarters, and a proper atmosphere
in which to study.
Most of all, this city nnds
young, aggressive, imaginative
leaders. Those with the understanding and courage to create
progress, those that have stood up
and demanded change. Recently
through court action I challenged
the residency rule to run for po-
~
:.~
YI
I
litical officE,. The challenge was
based on my belief that every
citizen has a right to participate
in government and that one of his
rights is the right to run for political office and be of service.
The people have a ri ght to vote
for the candidate of their choice
and they cannot be depri ved of the
right by some unreasonable and
archaic rule. A condition of employment should not effect the
fundamental right of a person to
reside where he desi r es.
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Vietnam
(Continued from Page 1)
manifested by 1) creating an
awareness of the exploitation of
Chicanos by the U.S. military
system,
2) establishing draft
counseling services for Chicanos
and 3) staging moratoriums for
the purpose of expressing overt
discontent with the war. Thus
came the birth ot the Chicano
moratortums that have occurred
throughout the entire Southwest.
602 Bro
237 ~3
OPEN SU
ay
YS
During the 1910 revolution in
Mexico there came a large flow
of Mexicanos northward across
the U.s. border into the southwest
or motherland of all Mexicanos.
This land of our ancestors which
was stolen from us is now called
Aztlan . This immigration mixed
well into the Chicano barrios and
rural areas where they added
numbers to the already large
Chicano population.
World War I created a farm
labor shortage that Chicanos
filled; there we mainly took a
support! ve role of agricultural
maintenance during a time when
labor supply was greatly needed.
However, there was a significant
number of Chicanos that participated and lost their lives in combat for the defense of their country and fr eedom throughout the
world, The number would have
been gr eater but racist military
standards and attitudes kept many
Chicanos out of the service.
With the depression of the
'30s times be_cam~ hard for
everyone, especially minority
groups who were at the bottom
of the economic ladder. Chicanos
who had risen from the fields into
the area of blue-collar employment were forced once again back
to the fields and jobs that ~ere
•suitable for cheap Mexican labor only.• The small social and
economic advances we had gained
were demolished.
The years prior to WW II were
important in forming attitudes
about the coming war. Chicanos
had been exposed to racism at
all levels-psychological. social,
economic and political. We lived
at the bottom of the economic
ladder and suffered the evils of
Poverty. We were stereotyped as
lazy, shiftless , knife-ca rrying
thieves. We suffered discrimination beyond belief.
It wasn't enough that we were
forced into unbelievable Poverty
but our culture was raped and our
identity taken from us to the point
where we were ashamed of our
existence. The man had made us
so ashamed of ourselves that
some of us , breaking under the
pressure , denied our existence
and called ourselves Spaniards or
Portuguese.
WW II came and Chicanos felt
that this was our opPQrtunity to
prove our loyalty and manliness
to the U.S. We were glad to be
given the opportunity to serve,
fight and, if necessary, die in
defense of our country , the United
States of America.
The bravery and valor of Chicanos could no longer be questioned. Wherever men died in battle there was s ure to be Chicanos
DC
among them. Proportionately,
Chicanos earned more medals of
honor than any other group, including anglos. Thousands of Chicanos gave their lives and for a
while the white society acknowledged our deeds.
We paid the ultimate price for
citizenship (death) to a country
that has consistently labeled us as
foreigners. We now felt that we
had paid our dues for a portion
of the American way of life. We
had paid in blood.
It wasn't long before anglos
forgot the bravery and valor that
Chicanos had displayed in defense of the U.S. As usual, our
past deeds were excluded from
the history books. For example,
how many of you have ever heard
of PFC Guy Gabaldon who singlehandedly captured 800 Japanese
troopers on Saipan (Morin, Raul,
"Among the Valiant," 1966)?
LXXVl/105
More imPortant - how many Qf
you racists will not believe it?
The Korean War and the early
Vietnam War did not have the
same impact on Chicanos. We did
not necessarily feel a need to
prove ourselves, but due to the
increasing demand of military
personnel, we were systematically forced into the armed forces.
With the increased awareness
of the high percentage of Chicano·
deaths and the stagnating socioeconomic conditions at home, we
began to question the war and our
role in it. In November of 1969,
a National Chicano Conference
to deal with the problems of war
and Chicanos was heldinDenver,
Colorado.
The problems was defined as
"systematic mllitary exploitation
of Chicanos" and the solution was
(Conti1:1ued on Page 4, Col. 2)
MONDAY, ~ARCH 22, 1971
POLITICAL FRONT PROPOSED
Questions asked during
boycott of food services
THE STUDENT SENATE VOTED TO BUY AND RECOGNI ZEUFWOC
LETTUC E, WHY DID THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REFUSE THE
STUDENTS'MANDATE?
Agri-business, represented by the large growers in the San
Joaquin Valley , was an important factor in the cancellation of La
Raza Studies program. This fact was brought out by the investigatory
team from the Chancellor ' s office. The agri,-business complex feels
threatened by the farmworker's union. They upset the status quo.
When the Senate resolution, supporting UFWOC passed, the farm
bureau immediately sent two representatives to Fresno State to talk
to the ar',ninistration. Then they took a public Position in the Fresno
Bee denouncing the farmworker's union. The Board of Directors
responded by their refusal of the Senate mandate. Evidently, the
agri-business intimidation is thorough, for the Board has tabled a
similar Senate mandate a second time.
WHY BUY ONLY UFWOC LETTUCE?
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee has been the
union in the forefront of organizational efforts for farmworkers.
Currently, they are organizing in Texas, Arizona, California, New
Mexico, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado, Idaho, Ohio, Michigan,
New York , Washington and Florida (Organized Migrants in Communi ty Action). It is the only union which has the trust of the farmworke rs. The Senate resolution was explicit recognition of UFWOC
and support by tt,a purchasing of UFWOC lettuce.
WHAT CAN UFWOC DO FOR THE FARMWORKERS?
It can give them strength to bargain collectively, thereby involving
them (something they have never had before) in determining their
needs. It can be the vehicle for acquiring dignity and change for
themselves and their children.
EYEN IF THE FARMWORKER JOINS THE UNION, WON'T MECHANIZATION PHASE HIM OUT?
Mechanization is going to be a decisive factor in the farmworker's
life. However, there is a precedent set by other unions. For example,
the Maritime Union has been hit hard by mechanization. The result
has been that they have retrained their members and dive.rsified
unionizing efforts into othe·r areas.
WHAT ABOUT THE SMALL FARMER - ISN'T THE UNION DRIVING
HIM OUT OF BUSINESS?
Farms are getting larg~r, which naturally decreases the number
of farms . For example , in· 1935, there were 6.8 million farms ; by
1968, there were only 3 millibn. These large corPQrate farms have
highly efficient technological and economical advantages that the
small farmer cannot compete with. The pnblems besetting the small
farmers struggling to remain independe..c are many. However, ,to
their additional disadvantage, when the big commercialfarms exploit
their workers, the labor of the family working "its own farm is consequently exploited by market conditions so that they receive the
same low return for their toil. UNIONI ZATION OF FARM WORKERS
ON THE HUGE FARMS WOULD IN ITSEL.F HELP THE SMALL
FARMER BY MAKING HIS OWN LABOR WORTH MORE.
-MECHA
Reagan budget cuts
education ieopardize EOP
The Educational Opportunity
Program, which was designed to
recruit low income and minority
people on to state colleges and
universities is once again under
attack.
Recently Governqr Reagan
proposed that the EOP budget be
cut from $4.1 million to $1.6
million. This means that no longer will many of the supPQrtive
services such as ·tutoring, counseling, book funds, and financial
aid be available to EOP students
throughout the state colleges.
As a result many students will
have to drop out of college, while
others will have to take on more
work to support themselves and
thereby jeopardize their college
progress. Also because of the
cutqacks many minority students
attending high schools and junior
colleges will not be able to apply
to state colleges, thus rearing
many of these students to vocational schools.
The chief result will be reduced grants for EOP students.
Some EOP directors argue that
if things don't look better "painful decisions" will have to be
made. They include suspending
fi~ancial ·aid to continuing EOP
students and channeling i_t to new
incoming students or extending
only partial aid to continuing students and providing only 1,200
new EOP students throughout the
state college syste m.
So.me of the interesting possibilities resulting from EOP
budget cuts were reported by
Kenneth Washington, statewide
EOP director, at a February
meeting of EOP officials and
students in Sacramento:
1. New students will receive
$100 per year as compared to
this year's average of $350.
2. Continuing students will re-
cei ve no financial aid.
3. The total grant money for
new students, which was $110,000
this year, will be s 1iced to
$28,000.
4. Elimination of three of the
four EOP counselors, as well as
teacher cutbacks in the Ethnic
Studies Department.
5. Elimination of EOP programs at Stanislaus State, Humboldt State, Cal State Bakersfield
and Cal State San Bernardino.
In light of the proPQsed cuts in
the EOP budget, EOP students and
officials are hoping to PQSe a political front. A statewide EOP
conference in · San Luis Obispo
resulted in letter writing campaigns and petition signing
throughout the state. The petitions asking for the restoration
of EOP funds are presently circulating on campus. The petitions
will be sent to San Luis Obispo
on March 30 and presented to
Governor Reagan at an April
press conference in Sacramento.
We call on EOP students, parents and community groups to
write to the area legislators and
Governor Reagan. These letters
should state the need for EOP
and what EOP has done for minority people throughout the
state.
We have four months of fighting
ahead of us and as Kenneth Washington stated, •we can't give up,
we won 1t give up!"
CHICANO MORATORIUM APRIL" 3, 1971
In honor of our brothers, families, and friends and loved
ones who have died in Vietnam. The Chicano in the service
has the highest percentage of deaths in Vietnam. Of all the
dead in general, 45 ,000, 19.9 per cent or more since the last
moratorium in Fresno are Chicanos.
Till now 10,000 Chicanos have died, plus the six Chicanos
killed in the Los Angeles massacre.' March will start at
Dickey's Playground at the cornerofDlvisaderoandBlackstone
and will end at Roeding Park.
. Time: 12:00 p.m. - Speeches' - Plays - Food - Bring our
carnales and sons back from Vietnam ALIVE NOW!
"Moratorio Mexicano En Fresno"
En Honor a nuestros Hermanos, Fam1Uares, Amigos, Y Seres
Queridos que han m~erto en Viet-Nam . El soldado mexicano
lleva el porcentaje mas alto di! muertes en Viet-Nam. De
todos los que mueren en general, 45,000. 19.9% son mexicanos.
Hasta ahora han muerto 10,000 Mexicanos. Y los 6 chicanos
que mataron en el moratorio en Los Angeles, estos meces
pas ados.
·
Desfile Y Congregacion. 3 De Abril, 1971.
Desfile empiezara a las 12:00 mediodia en el Dickey Playground en las esquinas de Di visadero Y Blackstone.
Congregacion en Roeding Park, Motel Drive Y Belmont.
"Discursos• - •variedades• - •cornidas•
"Regrecen a nuestros Hermanos de Viet-Nam" •VJVOS"
2
T$ DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
The Chicano
and the draft
in jails, juvenile halls and prisWi~h the 1:1ve~-expancling Vlet
ons at the hands of racists that
Nam war and the continuous
rob us of life so thllt we may die
struggle for survival of our peoor
walk out something less than
ple here in Aztlan, Chicanos are
a man. (This process is often
faced with the toughest decision
call rehabilltation).
in their lives - succumb to the
Now I am ordered to become a
MAN or cry, CHALE CON EL
. part of the government that inDRAFT.
sures the status quo. The army
The following personal account
has inducted or systematically
better exemplifies a Chicano's
forced young brave Chicanos off
frustrations over La Raza's
to a war many miles from our
plight and expresses his reasons
homes. There they are taught to
for refusing induction.
maim and destroy the minds and
I often speak of Chicanismo,
bodies
of innocent men, women
Carnallsmo, La Causa, self-deand children. Many Chicanos
termination and social justice,
come back but an unproportionfor these are more than just
ately large number will not see
words to me. They engulf the very
their families again. Yes, they
survival of La Raza. If we are
died for a country - a country
ever to become successful in our
that has historically seen them
liberation then we must all be
as a cheap labor supply, as bodies
willing to sacrifice in order that
to be shipped off to wars, as
these dreams will become realspicks, wetbacks and people of an
ity.
inferior race.
I, Juan Raza, have been ordered
I have spoken of social justice,
to report for induction into the
Armed Forces of the United
States. The government of the
United States has ordered that I
become a part of that system that
has alienated me all my life. I
was nevet directed towards college, to speak up on my needs
Black and Brown vote
as a human being or, for that
matter, •I was never allowed to
If Black and Brown students
exist. Now all of a sudden I have
turn out in force to vote in the
been given the honor to serve
coming student body elections,
my country that I may be gratethey can probably avoid many of
ful for a11 lt has done for me.
the · problems encountered with
We, the proud people of La
getting resolutions past the Board
Raza, have known little else but
of Directors.
racism and brutal oppression at
The Board has eight members.
the hands of this society. The
They are: the student body preseducational system has distorted
ident, first and second vice presthe minds of our children, pierced
idents, president pro tempore of
our hearts and beaten our souls.
the student senate, and four adYou bit our tongue and castrated
ministration-faculty representaour culture; not only making us
tives.
strangers in our own land but
To get a resolution past the
worst of all, you have robb;d us
Board requires five favorable
of dignity and made us feel shame
votes. Whomever is elected presthat we existed.
ident pro tempore of the Student
My people are dying here in
Senate is likely to vote in favor
these great United States. They
of another UFWOC resolution beare dying in the butcheries called
cause he is elected by a body
county hospitals, in the fields
which has shown overwhelming
where we not only le!t our sweat
support (21-4) for such a resolubut also many years that were
tion.
stolen from the average life span;
In last year's student body
but worst of all, they are dying
election the outcome was close.
So close, that if Blacks and
Browns had turned out in greater
numbers '.o vote, a liberal slate
could have been elected to the
top three student body offices
instead of the present conserva~
tive blocs.
The four students just mentioned would constitute four of the
five votes necessary to pass
legisl~tion requested by the Student Senate. Only one of the four
administration-! a cult y representatives needs to vote with the
students. In the case of the
UFWOC lettuce resolution, professor of physics, John R. Don-
STEVE
VARTABEDIAN
VINCE
LAVERY
AND ALL OTHER
ARTIST MATERIALS
20%1
FLETCHER
CANVAS - BRUSHES
't,\EDI.UMS
OIL PAINTS
WAR SURPLUS
DEPOT
602 6roadway at Ve.n tura
PH: 237~15
racism, and war but there seems
to be a contradiction. My conscience cannot allow me to become a part of that system that
either destroys or cripples those
who will not succumb to the ideals
and values of the oppressor.
If we are to be truly free, then
we must stand against those that
oppress us and declare our right
CARTAS Y N OTICIAS
aldson, did just that. The two
votes that defeated this resolutlon came from the student body
president and second vice president.
If the Blacks and Browns vote
in strength in the coming student
body elections they can put into
power a moderate or liberal
student government that will be
receptive to the needs of minority
students.
D. Leroy
Teatro Campesino
El Teatro Campesino de Aztlan announces the second annual
Festival de los Teatros de Aztlan.
The plans for this year include
at least 20 Teatros from all over
Aztlan. A special invitation has
gone out to the Teatro Arena De
Sao Paulo, Brazil; Los Mascarones de Poesia Coral, Mexico
D. F.. and the White Roots of
Peace, a Native American group.
Last year's festival was very
successful despite the problems
we had with location after Ronnie
Reagan closed down the State
College campuses, for fear of
retaliation for the Kent State
Massacre. This year's festival
will be held at several locations
(nos pusimos truchas) all within
a half hour of each other. Tentative locations are: u.c. Santa
Cruz, Gavillan College, San Jose
State, Cabrillo College, Harnell
College. There will also be community performances in Watsonville and Salinas. At San Juan
Bautista, (La Calavera) workshops will be held on films _
improvisations, playwriting actos, construction theory of 'c hicano theah t!, movement. The festival will be held from April 5-10
Easter week, to give students ~
chance to attend. All teatros and
Raza interested in teatro are invited to attend and participate in
the workshops. For more information contact:
Ricardo Nieto
Business Manager
Teatro Campesino
P.O. Box 2302
Fresno, Califas 93927
STUDENTS
.EARN EXTRA MONEY!
Need donors for Plasmacan sell twice a week
$6 for Complete Collection
Call 485-482t
for appointment
Hours 7:30 a.m. - 3:30p.m.
CALIF I BLOOD BAN<
~---...--. FOUNDATION
412 F Street~-Fresno
B•lrl& thl• ad - It'• worth •
Boaua to you!
New Adelita officers
On February 17, 1971 Adelita
officers for the Spring Semester
were elected. Those elected are:
Suzanna Mata, president; Dora
Lopez, vice president· Pat
1 Aguirre, secretary, Cath~ Sanchez, treasurer; Agapita Cardenas and Dolores Jimenez publicity managers.
'
Involvement with the community and other Chicano organizations politically, educationally
and socially are the primary
goals of Adelitas this spring semester. In order to achieve these
goals two new positions were
opened with the initiation of several projects. Dolores Aguiniga
was appointed Adelita Concilio
Representative to the Fresno
Brown Beret Chapter. Another
position was also opened to serve
as a liaison to Fresno City
College Adelitas in order to unite
both organizations' efforts il ..o
corresponding positive directions. Fresno City College Adelitas has also opened a similar
position to Fresno State Adelitas.
Two of the projects that Adelitas have initiated for community
involvement include a Registration Drive for 18-year-olds and
a volunteer ·tutorial program.
Voter Registration Drive of
18-year-old Chicanos is one way
of involving Adelitas politically
in the community, by organizing
the Chicano vote into an effective
bloc and political force. There
are approximately eight Adelitas
who have volunteered to become
re gistrars. The regisirars will
then go out to Fresno City College
and various high schools in Fresno County. The project is in conjunction with the League of Women Voters who have already
started a similar project, Mrs.
Betty Rodriguez, who will be
Voter Service Chairman for
Fresno County will speak at an
Adelitas meeting sometime in
April.
Esther Castillo was appointed
to serve as Chairman for the bi-·
lingual volunteer tutorial program at the Winchell School under the direction of Mr. Pedro
Figueroa. The tutors will be in
the classroom with bilingual children of all ages. The project Is
a continuation of the 1969-70 Adeli ta group. Since the program
was very successful last year, it
was decided by unanimous vote
to continue with the program.
Contrary to popular opinion
Adelltas ts not apartoftheWomen's Liberation Movement. As
Chicanas there is great potential
to self-determination. In good
conscience, I shall refuse induction, for you see, I AM A FREE
MAN.
CHALE CON EL DRAFT!
lttn.l
for us to aid in our Raza's struggle for self-determination but we
must first exercise that potential.
Adelitas welcomes all interested
and concerned Chicana students.
Announcements are usually posted on the Cafeteria bulletin board
concerning the meeting place.
Regular meetings are held every
Wednesday at noon.
Tutorial program
Delta Alpha Chi, a new fraternity at Fresno State College,
initiated a high school tutorial
program during the latter part of
the Fall semester. The tutorial
service was concel ved· by the
fraternity based on the fact that
high school students need additional help in their school work.
Upon discussing the proposed
tutorial service with high school
administrators and counseling
personnel, an acute need of such
service was revealed. The fraternity proposed such a tutorial
service to Roosevelt High School
and was readily accepted by the
administration and the counseling staff.
The program was organizedon
the basis of a one-to-one working relationship, covering all high
school subject areas. The tutorial service has reached the committee's goals in the subjects of
English, biology, history, American government and reading,
As the tutorial service has expanded through the Spring semester, problems have arisen in the
subject areas of chemistry, algebra and higher math. There is
a great need in these particular
subjects; therefore, Delta Alpha
Chi welcomes tutors in any subject. The suggested time zone for
all tutors is between 3:30 p. m.
and 5 p.m. on weekdays. Tutors
and high school students unable
to work at this time are free to
schedule their times on or offcampus. Any interested student
can get additional information
about our tutorial service by calling Edward Castro - 439-4394
Ruben Rodriguez - 266-9757 0 ;
Rick Luna - 224-8062.
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephon~
487-2486. Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
O_p inions expres aed in Daily Collegian special editions are not nece 8 •
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters . . . , .. . . Ofelia Garcia,
Esperanza Rodriguez
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia' •
Pat Aguirre, Grace Soli~
G
PENSAMIENTOS
Gets Nixon invitation
Between the Board of Directors and the
tudent Senate who should rule?
Why?
Mary Ruiz
The Student Senate should rule ~ince it is a
realistic functioning body representative of the
entire FSC student body. The Board of Directors
is a pigm.ent of my imagination!
Manuel Contreras
I feel the Student Senate should make the decisions on all matters concerning the students. The
Board of Directors primarily tends to represent
powerful interest groups in the valley, rather than
have as their major concern the welfare of the
student body. The current lettuce issue is a prime
example of where the board's loyalties are at and
their lack of concern for students.
Richard Rodriguez, a senior
sociology major from Exeter,
has received an invitation from
President Nixon to attend the
White House Conference on Youth
as a delegate.
The conference which will be
held April 18-22 in Denver, Colorado, is to be attended by some
1,000 delegrates from throughout the United States.
Richard will participate in the
committee on thedraftandarmed
forces. Much of the attention wtll
be focused on the volunteer army,
according to Conference organizers.
Richard is pledge master for
Delta Alpha Chi, a service fraternity at Fresno State College,
and is a member of the California Youth Advisory Committee
on Selective Service.
New president
Fresno City College student
Jose Torres was elected president of Area 5 of the California
Community C o 11 e g es Student
Government Association at an
Area 5 conference held Saturday.
Joan Dawson,
The students of today have no use for the Board
of Directors. The students want to have direct involvement in their own affairs. Since the closest
thing we have to representative government on
this campus is the Student Senate, they should
have the final decision on student affairs.
Charles Van Gunst
The Board is bent on designing policies which
appear to serve the ends of a few men; their aim
is absolute authority. If policy ruling depends on
the mandate of an intelligent majority, a concerned
and participating majority for that matter, the Student Senate had clearly spoken for the student majority. The boycott when in effect grew every day,
leaving little room for doubt that the Student
Senate must of necessity have policy-making authority so that the mood of Uie campus will be reflected in decisions.
Grace Solis
I feel that the students of FSC are intelligent
and responsible enough to decide how the facilities
that belong to them are run. After all, we pay fees
to maintain the ·buildings and most important, our
student senators are our elected representatives.
If the Student Senate endorses a resolution we
must abide by it the same way we must abide by
the decisions of our state and national legislati:res.
We should start practicing democracy on campus.
Toi Iing and sweating in the whit~ hot sun;
Too tired to sleep when the day 1s done;
Picking tomatoes, fruits, melons and beans;
Latin minority of meager means.
GRAPEFIELDS AS A CHILD
Great clouds wired to the ground
confer and tremble
when a boy, loaded with pater, passes
pulling his feet quickly from the smouldering earth.
His family has sent him, the you119est,
for the gallon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap,
The brown skin blotches with the dust
that is everywhere,
his father, who is grey, has spotted him but keeps working.
And there are people now, everywhere,
bobbing i.n and out of the leaves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
-Ben Durazo
workshops and this conference
back to our schools for improved
local action and there forwarded
as legislation. With closer communication and support for each
other on student issues our goals
and objectives ' can become a
reality •.• We must have students
actively involved in community
services and Community, State,
and National Politics '
·· Torres, a business adminis-
tration major with a 3.3 grade
point average, is involved in many
City College student government
and MECHA activities. He is a
member of La Mesa Directiva,
an organization composed of students and people from the Fresno
Community.
Area 5 includes CC, Allan Hancock, Porterville, Reedley, Taft,
Cuesta, Bakersfield, West Hills
and College of the sequoias.
The conference which Torres,
a student senator, and several
ASB officers attended, was held
at Allan Hancock College in Santa
Maria.
In his address to the conference Torres stated, •we now
realize the strength in unity, and
to continue in this path the student involvement and communication must continue from these
SELL
YOUR
USED
The campus tutoring service
gives employment to student
workers and aids about 30 students a week (the number rises
to 60 during finals). Cramped
for space, the growing service
needs a home. Student government can, and should, al low
the use of the old bookstore.
Student needs are our No. 1
priority.
Sherwood for President
BOOKS
EVERY
WED.
Dave Collins is interested in
what student government can
do for students. Talk to him.
Give him your suggestions and
opinions. Soft-spoken, practical he makes student needs
hi~, No. 1 priority.
at
In rny field experience as a
Soc i a I Work major I have
learned to understand other
Horace Bailey
The Student Senate should rule. As things are
now the Student Senate is virtually a non-functioning body since whatever powers it does have stop
at the Board of Directors' door. When what the
Board of Directors say .-oes, despite strong feelings to the contrary by the Student Senate, then
the Board clearly runs the school - but clearly
for others, not the students. The relationship of
the Board and the Student Senate seems similar
to that of the President and Congress except in
that Con~ress can override a Presidential veto it seems we haven't arrived at that level of democracy yet.
Stooping and bending in the white h~t sun;
Descendants of conquistadors, Iberia's sons;
Hispanoid·cross with Montezuma's seed,
Doing stooP labor to meet life's needs.
On Campus Tutoring Service
Jess Barroso
As far as student funds are concerned I feel that
the Student Senate should control funds designated
for student use. If they do not get control then it
would seem a good idea for students to collectively
refuse to pay that portion which is supposed to be
designated for their use. If the Board· of Directors
fails to cooperate with student mandates then I feel
that the students via the Student Senate should have
the opportunity to override the Board's insensitive
and arbitrary decisions.
A NEW DAY
A new day must come for the migrant's sons;
For their wives and daughters-everyone.
The world needs the best of their hearts and minds,
And the migrant Iife must be left behind.
- Dr. R.H. Harrison
W a lace Dailey
The Board of Directors was created to handle
the responsibility of making decisions for student
government. The era in which this Board was
created was in the 1950's. This decade was a time
of great apathy when students were content to be
led by paternalistic administrators. Now that students have developed consciousness and responsibility the Board has become a political tool for
keeping a check on student activities. Activities
which could mean changes that would attack the
long neglected issues and problems of the college
and community as a whole. It's a cruel hoax that
the Board has become the irresponsible element.
It is now acting in the interest not of the college
and community but in the interest of those who
wish to see another decade of unconcern for critical
issues. Student government is recovering from the
· administrative anesthetic and is assuming its role
in repelling the sleep of apathy.
3
Working and drudging in the white hot ~un;
Men, women, and children 'til the day 1s done;
Constantly moving to follow the crops;
An endless cycle that must sure stop.
I think if there were more Student Senate representatives on the Board of Directors it should
rule. But these representatives should speak for
the majority of students.
Jess Martinez
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Crouching and kneeling in the white h«>t sun;
To another job when this one is done;
Gatherino the harvest of berries and fn1its;
Tenderly. caring for the tubers and shoots.
Gary McKillips
I feel that the Student Senate should have the
power to rule. I feel this because they are much
closer to the student body and they are the elected
representatives. I don't feel that the Board of
Directors is close enough to the students to be
representatives of them or show concern for what
the students think or feel.
Monday, March 22, 1971
FSC
'BOOKSTOK~
Collins for 1st VP
people andbesensitivetotheir.
problems.
D1,111
for
2■tl
YP
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
'Super-Chicano'
one main avenue open to a Pinto (Chicano convict) is Nationalism.
Of ¥-,II the polltical theories that I have been exposed to, I think that·
Nationallsrn best expresses my concept of what is good and bad for
all oppressed people. As I understand it, there are basically two
kinds of Natio'nallsm: Revolutionary and Reactionary. The Pinto who
becomes what I define as a •Reactionary Nationalist• does so principally because the only positive response that he ha~ received from
people that he attempted to relate to was from other Chicanos-exclusively! ~onsequently, the only people that he feels are worthy of
doing something for are other Chicanos. The people who have molded
his life, in terms of ever having done anything to help him, were all
Chicanos-his famlly, friends, and loved ones. He does not care
what the troubles of other peoples may or may not be. All he is interested in is doing something for the only people that have ever done
something for him-La Raza-Nosotros Los Chicanos. He makes his
commitment, goes to the streets, and becomes a •super-Chicano•.
He has a strong tendencytoequateeverythingin life to its abundance,
or lack of Chicanismo. His basic philosophy (political, economical,
and cultural) is that within La Raza he will do anything to help-outside of La Raza, he wants nothing to do with. Since my political
awakening was realized because of the fact that I have always been
some kind of a •cultural nationalist", I cannot thoroughly condemn
this attitude. In and of itself, itis not a bad thing. The fact remains,
though, that no political ideology is self-contained. It is relevant to
the degree that it •serves the people•. This particular ideology
serves the people, but I believe that it does us (La Chicanada del
Movimiento) a greater disservice. I will state my reasons for this
belief.
(1) It puts theadherentofthisideology in the hands of that element
in Chicano politics that sees nothing wrong with exploitation, oppression, racism, and general abuse of any other people, as long as it
is not directed toward La Raza.
(2) This ideology espouses the idea that the •sell-outs•, "Tio
Tacos•, and other kinds of •coconuts• amongst us should be given
consideration because they are, despite their faults, Chicanos.
(3) This ideology has to have an exploited, oppressed class of people to function. It eventually leads to racism, imperialism, fascism,
and subsequent self-destruction. This ls not what! want for my people. A FINAL COMMENT. I am reminded, as I think of this ideology,
of the fall of the great city of Tenochtitlan. As beautiful as it was,
and as mighty as it was, I believe that it was doomed as soon as
somebody came along who could exploit its weaknesses. With all of
its splendor, knowledge, and civilizationbeyond thewhiteman's wildest dreams, it fell (I believe) because of the very reasons that I attribute to that ideology known as •Reactionary Nationalism". I would
not like to see that happen to "La Nacion de Aztlan".
-Francisco •Guero" Estrada
What
•
IS
a Chicana?
We have viewed the Chicana
through different perspectives,
We have seen !>er placed in the
kitchen, barefoot and pregnant.
She has been put in the movement, demonstrated against
wrongs done to her people and
has been thrown in jail. Her positions have been unique and
stereotyped. Who is she in
reality?
What ls her position in the
movement and her relation to the
barrio?
The Chicana grew up in different at m o spheres. She was
raised in the barrio, struggling
in grammar school and receiving
the lowest standard of education.
She also passed her childhood in
the Anglo-community, and was
assimilated into a culture unlike
her own.
Now, regardless of her background, she is in the Chicano
community working for the betterment of her people.
The Chicana who works in the
movement has been termed militant. But how can you classify a
Chicana a militant, when she is
teaching six-year-old Chicanitos
the culture and language of their
peoJ?le.
EUROf>~ CHA~TERS
L
Several achedulea ·from
$250 roundtrlp, $150 oneway
· '011 Lloyd Intematlonal J eta.
Coordinator: Prof. Margaret Paal
247 Roycroft, Long Beach
213-438-2179
90803
Want Ads
Girl to fi1 I in some weekends
~nd vacations as aide to girl
m wheelchair. Must Drive,
227-3601.
The Chicana is a teacher in
many respects, She upholds the
traditions and customs of her
people. She is a liaison between
the new ideas set forth by the
young and the ideals maintained
by the old.
The Chicana's activities in the
barrio demand a twenty-four
hour day, yet she continues to
carry on her family role.
She attends s-chool, but does
not become a subject of the institution. She utilizes its studies
and finds time to participate in
activities to better her life and
her peoJ le's lives.
In college she realizes that
she owes her position there to
the people of the Chicano community, who have suffered and
strived to get Chicanos a better
education, She, in turn, directs
her schooling toward her people's
needs.
The Chicana understands the
role of the Chicano and works
alongside of him.
Because she is a woman, she
understands she must work twice
as hard to prove herself. She ls
capable Qf being an artist, a
wri_ter, a poet, a historian and a
lawyer. She. does not, however,
forsake her role as a mother and
a wlfe •.She is a CI-llCANA!
COUNCIL POST #3 RACE
Al Villa and the •issues
The major issues forcing the
City of Fresno are issues that
affect people in geteral and not
the special interests. This city
needs councilmen that have the
courage and conviction to stand
for and express the views that
are necessary to correct the
problems of our community. In
correcting the problems of our
community we must strive to
recognize that youth must become a part of decision making
through the ballot box. Eighteen
year olds must be given the right
to vote that is so necessary if
they are to effectively participate
in our system of government.
Many issues face our city today
-the right of geographical representation is one of the most
important. Our State Assembly,
State Senate, Congress and Board
of Supervision are all based on
geographic representation. This
is the essence of government to
be represented and to have a voice
in decisions that effect our daily
lives. Problems of West Fresno,
South East Fresno, North East
Fresno are not alike. Which
makes geographic representation
necessary. Councilmen should
come and live in those geographic areas so that all parts of the
city can have a voice.
Urban unification is a must for
the city of Fresno. We must
square boundaries to establish
one urban community to provide
efficient operation of governmental functions. Each taxpayer
has a right to expect and insist
he receive full value for tax
dollars. This can only be achieved
by squaring off jagged boundaries.
In squaring boundaries we must
start the process of consolidation
of services. Today there are
many duplications and waste resulting from departments and
governmental agencies creating
their own separate entities at the
expense of efficiency. We must
stop duplication in purchasing
computer services, police protection, fire protection, personnel services, sanitation and planning.
Unemployment is the most severe penalty that must be paid
by an individual that is productive but cannot find a job. We
must create jobs for people by
attracting new industry to Fresno. Elimination of the •1tility tax
alone will not do the job. We
must complete our proposed
freeway system to provide adequate land with proper zor.ing,
we must provide adequate housing
and recreation. We must be a
progressive community willing to
make the changes and meet the
challenges of the future.
_In our city we have encountered
,
problems with our youth. Our
community ~eeds to be openminded to initiate communication
with the youth. Youth must become a part of solving problems
that effect youth. They must be
allowed to participate on an even
keel with the rest of the community. Only through such participation and involvement can we solve
such problems. We must be ready
to listen and not be afraid to
change when facts and conditions
warrant change. Our city Council
must be ever responsive to the
needs of all its citizens and they
must realize that youth in fact
comprises a significant number
of citizens.
We must strive to provide adequate housing for residents of
our city. It is a disgrace that
2,000 people are sleeping in cars
because they cannot find a place
to live, Further it is an indictment that students at our colleges· cannot find adequate quarters, and a proper atmosphere
in which to study.
Most of all, this city nnds
young, aggressive, imaginative
leaders. Those with the understanding and courage to create
progress, those that have stood up
and demanded change. Recently
through court action I challenged
the residency rule to run for po-
~
:.~
YI
I
litical officE,. The challenge was
based on my belief that every
citizen has a right to participate
in government and that one of his
rights is the right to run for political office and be of service.
The people have a ri ght to vote
for the candidate of their choice
and they cannot be depri ved of the
right by some unreasonable and
archaic rule. A condition of employment should not effect the
fundamental right of a person to
reside where he desi r es.
SPECIALS
CANVAS BAG
for carrying ·
BOOKS
95t
NAVY
BELL
only
BOTTOMS
Thn,i Their
T,espa,e ,. ,
AIR FORCE
ri·~OflTile~·
I
,.
cinema
2017 Fresno• Ph. 237-7562
~
SAT. , SUN. MATINEE
I,
J
s,_.oo 11L 3 PM-~
DDCIDRS
I
I
CoH~e·r~~•co~
FSC Stullenl• $1 50
with Student ID .
• Sat & Sur: Maline~
t SI .00 It ll .~
SUN
GLASSES
BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
MAKE YOUR OWN
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STYRENE BEADS
AND FABRICS
FREE
PATTERNS
Vietnam
(Continued from Page 1)
manifested by 1) creating an
awareness of the exploitation of
Chicanos by the U.S. military
system,
2) establishing draft
counseling services for Chicanos
and 3) staging moratoriums for
the purpose of expressing overt
discontent with the war. Thus
came the birth ot the Chicano
moratortums that have occurred
throughout the entire Southwest.
602 Bro
237 ~3
OPEN SU
ay
YS
Fight for Aztlan y no Vietnam
During the 1910 revolution in
Mexico there came a large flow
of Mexicanos northward across
the U.s. border into the southwest
or motherland of all Mexicanos.
This land of our ancestors which
was stolen from us is now called
Aztlan . This immigration mixed
well into the Chicano barrios and
rural areas where they added
numbers to the already large
Chicano population.
World War I created a farm
labor shortage that Chicanos
filled; there we mainly took a
support! ve role of agricultural
maintenance during a time when
labor supply was greatly needed.
However, there was a significant
number of Chicanos that participated and lost their lives in combat for the defense of their country and fr eedom throughout the
world, The number would have
been gr eater but racist military
standards and attitudes kept many
Chicanos out of the service.
With the depression of the
'30s times be_cam~ hard for
everyone, especially minority
groups who were at the bottom
of the economic ladder. Chicanos
who had risen from the fields into
the area of blue-collar employment were forced once again back
to the fields and jobs that ~ere
•suitable for cheap Mexican labor only.• The small social and
economic advances we had gained
were demolished.
The years prior to WW II were
important in forming attitudes
about the coming war. Chicanos
had been exposed to racism at
all levels-psychological. social,
economic and political. We lived
at the bottom of the economic
ladder and suffered the evils of
Poverty. We were stereotyped as
lazy, shiftless , knife-ca rrying
thieves. We suffered discrimination beyond belief.
It wasn't enough that we were
forced into unbelievable Poverty
but our culture was raped and our
identity taken from us to the point
where we were ashamed of our
existence. The man had made us
so ashamed of ourselves that
some of us , breaking under the
pressure , denied our existence
and called ourselves Spaniards or
Portuguese.
WW II came and Chicanos felt
that this was our opPQrtunity to
prove our loyalty and manliness
to the U.S. We were glad to be
given the opportunity to serve,
fight and, if necessary, die in
defense of our country , the United
States of America.
The bravery and valor of Chicanos could no longer be questioned. Wherever men died in battle there was s ure to be Chicanos
DC
among them. Proportionately,
Chicanos earned more medals of
honor than any other group, including anglos. Thousands of Chicanos gave their lives and for a
while the white society acknowledged our deeds.
We paid the ultimate price for
citizenship (death) to a country
that has consistently labeled us as
foreigners. We now felt that we
had paid our dues for a portion
of the American way of life. We
had paid in blood.
It wasn't long before anglos
forgot the bravery and valor that
Chicanos had displayed in defense of the U.S. As usual, our
past deeds were excluded from
the history books. For example,
how many of you have ever heard
of PFC Guy Gabaldon who singlehandedly captured 800 Japanese
troopers on Saipan (Morin, Raul,
"Among the Valiant," 1966)?
LXXVl/105
More imPortant - how many Qf
you racists will not believe it?
The Korean War and the early
Vietnam War did not have the
same impact on Chicanos. We did
not necessarily feel a need to
prove ourselves, but due to the
increasing demand of military
personnel, we were systematically forced into the armed forces.
With the increased awareness
of the high percentage of Chicano·
deaths and the stagnating socioeconomic conditions at home, we
began to question the war and our
role in it. In November of 1969,
a National Chicano Conference
to deal with the problems of war
and Chicanos was heldinDenver,
Colorado.
The problems was defined as
"systematic mllitary exploitation
of Chicanos" and the solution was
(Conti1:1ued on Page 4, Col. 2)
MONDAY, ~ARCH 22, 1971
POLITICAL FRONT PROPOSED
Questions asked during
boycott of food services
THE STUDENT SENATE VOTED TO BUY AND RECOGNI ZEUFWOC
LETTUC E, WHY DID THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REFUSE THE
STUDENTS'MANDATE?
Agri-business, represented by the large growers in the San
Joaquin Valley , was an important factor in the cancellation of La
Raza Studies program. This fact was brought out by the investigatory
team from the Chancellor ' s office. The agri,-business complex feels
threatened by the farmworker's union. They upset the status quo.
When the Senate resolution, supporting UFWOC passed, the farm
bureau immediately sent two representatives to Fresno State to talk
to the ar',ninistration. Then they took a public Position in the Fresno
Bee denouncing the farmworker's union. The Board of Directors
responded by their refusal of the Senate mandate. Evidently, the
agri-business intimidation is thorough, for the Board has tabled a
similar Senate mandate a second time.
WHY BUY ONLY UFWOC LETTUCE?
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee has been the
union in the forefront of organizational efforts for farmworkers.
Currently, they are organizing in Texas, Arizona, California, New
Mexico, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado, Idaho, Ohio, Michigan,
New York , Washington and Florida (Organized Migrants in Communi ty Action). It is the only union which has the trust of the farmworke rs. The Senate resolution was explicit recognition of UFWOC
and support by tt,a purchasing of UFWOC lettuce.
WHAT CAN UFWOC DO FOR THE FARMWORKERS?
It can give them strength to bargain collectively, thereby involving
them (something they have never had before) in determining their
needs. It can be the vehicle for acquiring dignity and change for
themselves and their children.
EYEN IF THE FARMWORKER JOINS THE UNION, WON'T MECHANIZATION PHASE HIM OUT?
Mechanization is going to be a decisive factor in the farmworker's
life. However, there is a precedent set by other unions. For example,
the Maritime Union has been hit hard by mechanization. The result
has been that they have retrained their members and dive.rsified
unionizing efforts into othe·r areas.
WHAT ABOUT THE SMALL FARMER - ISN'T THE UNION DRIVING
HIM OUT OF BUSINESS?
Farms are getting larg~r, which naturally decreases the number
of farms . For example , in· 1935, there were 6.8 million farms ; by
1968, there were only 3 millibn. These large corPQrate farms have
highly efficient technological and economical advantages that the
small farmer cannot compete with. The pnblems besetting the small
farmers struggling to remain independe..c are many. However, ,to
their additional disadvantage, when the big commercialfarms exploit
their workers, the labor of the family working "its own farm is consequently exploited by market conditions so that they receive the
same low return for their toil. UNIONI ZATION OF FARM WORKERS
ON THE HUGE FARMS WOULD IN ITSEL.F HELP THE SMALL
FARMER BY MAKING HIS OWN LABOR WORTH MORE.
-MECHA
Reagan budget cuts
education ieopardize EOP
The Educational Opportunity
Program, which was designed to
recruit low income and minority
people on to state colleges and
universities is once again under
attack.
Recently Governqr Reagan
proposed that the EOP budget be
cut from $4.1 million to $1.6
million. This means that no longer will many of the supPQrtive
services such as ·tutoring, counseling, book funds, and financial
aid be available to EOP students
throughout the state colleges.
As a result many students will
have to drop out of college, while
others will have to take on more
work to support themselves and
thereby jeopardize their college
progress. Also because of the
cutqacks many minority students
attending high schools and junior
colleges will not be able to apply
to state colleges, thus rearing
many of these students to vocational schools.
The chief result will be reduced grants for EOP students.
Some EOP directors argue that
if things don't look better "painful decisions" will have to be
made. They include suspending
fi~ancial ·aid to continuing EOP
students and channeling i_t to new
incoming students or extending
only partial aid to continuing students and providing only 1,200
new EOP students throughout the
state college syste m.
So.me of the interesting possibilities resulting from EOP
budget cuts were reported by
Kenneth Washington, statewide
EOP director, at a February
meeting of EOP officials and
students in Sacramento:
1. New students will receive
$100 per year as compared to
this year's average of $350.
2. Continuing students will re-
cei ve no financial aid.
3. The total grant money for
new students, which was $110,000
this year, will be s 1iced to
$28,000.
4. Elimination of three of the
four EOP counselors, as well as
teacher cutbacks in the Ethnic
Studies Department.
5. Elimination of EOP programs at Stanislaus State, Humboldt State, Cal State Bakersfield
and Cal State San Bernardino.
In light of the proPQsed cuts in
the EOP budget, EOP students and
officials are hoping to PQSe a political front. A statewide EOP
conference in · San Luis Obispo
resulted in letter writing campaigns and petition signing
throughout the state. The petitions asking for the restoration
of EOP funds are presently circulating on campus. The petitions
will be sent to San Luis Obispo
on March 30 and presented to
Governor Reagan at an April
press conference in Sacramento.
We call on EOP students, parents and community groups to
write to the area legislators and
Governor Reagan. These letters
should state the need for EOP
and what EOP has done for minority people throughout the
state.
We have four months of fighting
ahead of us and as Kenneth Washington stated, •we can't give up,
we won 1t give up!"
CHICANO MORATORIUM APRIL" 3, 1971
In honor of our brothers, families, and friends and loved
ones who have died in Vietnam. The Chicano in the service
has the highest percentage of deaths in Vietnam. Of all the
dead in general, 45 ,000, 19.9 per cent or more since the last
moratorium in Fresno are Chicanos.
Till now 10,000 Chicanos have died, plus the six Chicanos
killed in the Los Angeles massacre.' March will start at
Dickey's Playground at the cornerofDlvisaderoandBlackstone
and will end at Roeding Park.
. Time: 12:00 p.m. - Speeches' - Plays - Food - Bring our
carnales and sons back from Vietnam ALIVE NOW!
"Moratorio Mexicano En Fresno"
En Honor a nuestros Hermanos, Fam1Uares, Amigos, Y Seres
Queridos que han m~erto en Viet-Nam . El soldado mexicano
lleva el porcentaje mas alto di! muertes en Viet-Nam. De
todos los que mueren en general, 45,000. 19.9% son mexicanos.
Hasta ahora han muerto 10,000 Mexicanos. Y los 6 chicanos
que mataron en el moratorio en Los Angeles, estos meces
pas ados.
·
Desfile Y Congregacion. 3 De Abril, 1971.
Desfile empiezara a las 12:00 mediodia en el Dickey Playground en las esquinas de Di visadero Y Blackstone.
Congregacion en Roeding Park, Motel Drive Y Belmont.
"Discursos• - •variedades• - •cornidas•
"Regrecen a nuestros Hermanos de Viet-Nam" •VJVOS"
2
T$ DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
The Chicano
and the draft
in jails, juvenile halls and prisWi~h the 1:1ve~-expancling Vlet
ons at the hands of racists that
Nam war and the continuous
rob us of life so thllt we may die
struggle for survival of our peoor
walk out something less than
ple here in Aztlan, Chicanos are
a man. (This process is often
faced with the toughest decision
call rehabilltation).
in their lives - succumb to the
Now I am ordered to become a
MAN or cry, CHALE CON EL
. part of the government that inDRAFT.
sures the status quo. The army
The following personal account
has inducted or systematically
better exemplifies a Chicano's
forced young brave Chicanos off
frustrations over La Raza's
to a war many miles from our
plight and expresses his reasons
homes. There they are taught to
for refusing induction.
maim and destroy the minds and
I often speak of Chicanismo,
bodies
of innocent men, women
Carnallsmo, La Causa, self-deand children. Many Chicanos
termination and social justice,
come back but an unproportionfor these are more than just
ately large number will not see
words to me. They engulf the very
their families again. Yes, they
survival of La Raza. If we are
died for a country - a country
ever to become successful in our
that has historically seen them
liberation then we must all be
as a cheap labor supply, as bodies
willing to sacrifice in order that
to be shipped off to wars, as
these dreams will become realspicks, wetbacks and people of an
ity.
inferior race.
I, Juan Raza, have been ordered
I have spoken of social justice,
to report for induction into the
Armed Forces of the United
States. The government of the
United States has ordered that I
become a part of that system that
has alienated me all my life. I
was nevet directed towards college, to speak up on my needs
Black and Brown vote
as a human being or, for that
matter, •I was never allowed to
If Black and Brown students
exist. Now all of a sudden I have
turn out in force to vote in the
been given the honor to serve
coming student body elections,
my country that I may be gratethey can probably avoid many of
ful for a11 lt has done for me.
the · problems encountered with
We, the proud people of La
getting resolutions past the Board
Raza, have known little else but
of Directors.
racism and brutal oppression at
The Board has eight members.
the hands of this society. The
They are: the student body preseducational system has distorted
ident, first and second vice presthe minds of our children, pierced
idents, president pro tempore of
our hearts and beaten our souls.
the student senate, and four adYou bit our tongue and castrated
ministration-faculty representaour culture; not only making us
tives.
strangers in our own land but
To get a resolution past the
worst of all, you have robb;d us
Board requires five favorable
of dignity and made us feel shame
votes. Whomever is elected presthat we existed.
ident pro tempore of the Student
My people are dying here in
Senate is likely to vote in favor
these great United States. They
of another UFWOC resolution beare dying in the butcheries called
cause he is elected by a body
county hospitals, in the fields
which has shown overwhelming
where we not only le!t our sweat
support (21-4) for such a resolubut also many years that were
tion.
stolen from the average life span;
In last year's student body
but worst of all, they are dying
election the outcome was close.
So close, that if Blacks and
Browns had turned out in greater
numbers '.o vote, a liberal slate
could have been elected to the
top three student body offices
instead of the present conserva~
tive blocs.
The four students just mentioned would constitute four of the
five votes necessary to pass
legisl~tion requested by the Student Senate. Only one of the four
administration-! a cult y representatives needs to vote with the
students. In the case of the
UFWOC lettuce resolution, professor of physics, John R. Don-
STEVE
VARTABEDIAN
VINCE
LAVERY
AND ALL OTHER
ARTIST MATERIALS
20%1
FLETCHER
CANVAS - BRUSHES
't,\EDI.UMS
OIL PAINTS
WAR SURPLUS
DEPOT
602 6roadway at Ve.n tura
PH: 237~15
racism, and war but there seems
to be a contradiction. My conscience cannot allow me to become a part of that system that
either destroys or cripples those
who will not succumb to the ideals
and values of the oppressor.
If we are to be truly free, then
we must stand against those that
oppress us and declare our right
CARTAS Y N OTICIAS
aldson, did just that. The two
votes that defeated this resolutlon came from the student body
president and second vice president.
If the Blacks and Browns vote
in strength in the coming student
body elections they can put into
power a moderate or liberal
student government that will be
receptive to the needs of minority
students.
D. Leroy
Teatro Campesino
El Teatro Campesino de Aztlan announces the second annual
Festival de los Teatros de Aztlan.
The plans for this year include
at least 20 Teatros from all over
Aztlan. A special invitation has
gone out to the Teatro Arena De
Sao Paulo, Brazil; Los Mascarones de Poesia Coral, Mexico
D. F.. and the White Roots of
Peace, a Native American group.
Last year's festival was very
successful despite the problems
we had with location after Ronnie
Reagan closed down the State
College campuses, for fear of
retaliation for the Kent State
Massacre. This year's festival
will be held at several locations
(nos pusimos truchas) all within
a half hour of each other. Tentative locations are: u.c. Santa
Cruz, Gavillan College, San Jose
State, Cabrillo College, Harnell
College. There will also be community performances in Watsonville and Salinas. At San Juan
Bautista, (La Calavera) workshops will be held on films _
improvisations, playwriting actos, construction theory of 'c hicano theah t!, movement. The festival will be held from April 5-10
Easter week, to give students ~
chance to attend. All teatros and
Raza interested in teatro are invited to attend and participate in
the workshops. For more information contact:
Ricardo Nieto
Business Manager
Teatro Campesino
P.O. Box 2302
Fresno, Califas 93927
STUDENTS
.EARN EXTRA MONEY!
Need donors for Plasmacan sell twice a week
$6 for Complete Collection
Call 485-482t
for appointment
Hours 7:30 a.m. - 3:30p.m.
CALIF I BLOOD BAN<
~---...--. FOUNDATION
412 F Street~-Fresno
B•lrl& thl• ad - It'• worth •
Boaua to you!
New Adelita officers
On February 17, 1971 Adelita
officers for the Spring Semester
were elected. Those elected are:
Suzanna Mata, president; Dora
Lopez, vice president· Pat
1 Aguirre, secretary, Cath~ Sanchez, treasurer; Agapita Cardenas and Dolores Jimenez publicity managers.
'
Involvement with the community and other Chicano organizations politically, educationally
and socially are the primary
goals of Adelitas this spring semester. In order to achieve these
goals two new positions were
opened with the initiation of several projects. Dolores Aguiniga
was appointed Adelita Concilio
Representative to the Fresno
Brown Beret Chapter. Another
position was also opened to serve
as a liaison to Fresno City
College Adelitas in order to unite
both organizations' efforts il ..o
corresponding positive directions. Fresno City College Adelitas has also opened a similar
position to Fresno State Adelitas.
Two of the projects that Adelitas have initiated for community
involvement include a Registration Drive for 18-year-olds and
a volunteer ·tutorial program.
Voter Registration Drive of
18-year-old Chicanos is one way
of involving Adelitas politically
in the community, by organizing
the Chicano vote into an effective
bloc and political force. There
are approximately eight Adelitas
who have volunteered to become
re gistrars. The regisirars will
then go out to Fresno City College
and various high schools in Fresno County. The project is in conjunction with the League of Women Voters who have already
started a similar project, Mrs.
Betty Rodriguez, who will be
Voter Service Chairman for
Fresno County will speak at an
Adelitas meeting sometime in
April.
Esther Castillo was appointed
to serve as Chairman for the bi-·
lingual volunteer tutorial program at the Winchell School under the direction of Mr. Pedro
Figueroa. The tutors will be in
the classroom with bilingual children of all ages. The project Is
a continuation of the 1969-70 Adeli ta group. Since the program
was very successful last year, it
was decided by unanimous vote
to continue with the program.
Contrary to popular opinion
Adelltas ts not apartoftheWomen's Liberation Movement. As
Chicanas there is great potential
to self-determination. In good
conscience, I shall refuse induction, for you see, I AM A FREE
MAN.
CHALE CON EL DRAFT!
lttn.l
for us to aid in our Raza's struggle for self-determination but we
must first exercise that potential.
Adelitas welcomes all interested
and concerned Chicana students.
Announcements are usually posted on the Cafeteria bulletin board
concerning the meeting place.
Regular meetings are held every
Wednesday at noon.
Tutorial program
Delta Alpha Chi, a new fraternity at Fresno State College,
initiated a high school tutorial
program during the latter part of
the Fall semester. The tutorial
service was concel ved· by the
fraternity based on the fact that
high school students need additional help in their school work.
Upon discussing the proposed
tutorial service with high school
administrators and counseling
personnel, an acute need of such
service was revealed. The fraternity proposed such a tutorial
service to Roosevelt High School
and was readily accepted by the
administration and the counseling staff.
The program was organizedon
the basis of a one-to-one working relationship, covering all high
school subject areas. The tutorial service has reached the committee's goals in the subjects of
English, biology, history, American government and reading,
As the tutorial service has expanded through the Spring semester, problems have arisen in the
subject areas of chemistry, algebra and higher math. There is
a great need in these particular
subjects; therefore, Delta Alpha
Chi welcomes tutors in any subject. The suggested time zone for
all tutors is between 3:30 p. m.
and 5 p.m. on weekdays. Tutors
and high school students unable
to work at this time are free to
schedule their times on or offcampus. Any interested student
can get additional information
about our tutorial service by calling Edward Castro - 439-4394
Ruben Rodriguez - 266-9757 0 ;
Rick Luna - 224-8062.
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephon~
487-2486. Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
O_p inions expres aed in Daily Collegian special editions are not nece 8 •
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters . . . , .. . . Ofelia Garcia,
Esperanza Rodriguez
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia' •
Pat Aguirre, Grace Soli~
G
PENSAMIENTOS
Gets Nixon invitation
Between the Board of Directors and the
tudent Senate who should rule?
Why?
Mary Ruiz
The Student Senate should rule ~ince it is a
realistic functioning body representative of the
entire FSC student body. The Board of Directors
is a pigm.ent of my imagination!
Manuel Contreras
I feel the Student Senate should make the decisions on all matters concerning the students. The
Board of Directors primarily tends to represent
powerful interest groups in the valley, rather than
have as their major concern the welfare of the
student body. The current lettuce issue is a prime
example of where the board's loyalties are at and
their lack of concern for students.
Richard Rodriguez, a senior
sociology major from Exeter,
has received an invitation from
President Nixon to attend the
White House Conference on Youth
as a delegate.
The conference which will be
held April 18-22 in Denver, Colorado, is to be attended by some
1,000 delegrates from throughout the United States.
Richard will participate in the
committee on thedraftandarmed
forces. Much of the attention wtll
be focused on the volunteer army,
according to Conference organizers.
Richard is pledge master for
Delta Alpha Chi, a service fraternity at Fresno State College,
and is a member of the California Youth Advisory Committee
on Selective Service.
New president
Fresno City College student
Jose Torres was elected president of Area 5 of the California
Community C o 11 e g es Student
Government Association at an
Area 5 conference held Saturday.
Joan Dawson,
The students of today have no use for the Board
of Directors. The students want to have direct involvement in their own affairs. Since the closest
thing we have to representative government on
this campus is the Student Senate, they should
have the final decision on student affairs.
Charles Van Gunst
The Board is bent on designing policies which
appear to serve the ends of a few men; their aim
is absolute authority. If policy ruling depends on
the mandate of an intelligent majority, a concerned
and participating majority for that matter, the Student Senate had clearly spoken for the student majority. The boycott when in effect grew every day,
leaving little room for doubt that the Student
Senate must of necessity have policy-making authority so that the mood of Uie campus will be reflected in decisions.
Grace Solis
I feel that the students of FSC are intelligent
and responsible enough to decide how the facilities
that belong to them are run. After all, we pay fees
to maintain the ·buildings and most important, our
student senators are our elected representatives.
If the Student Senate endorses a resolution we
must abide by it the same way we must abide by
the decisions of our state and national legislati:res.
We should start practicing democracy on campus.
Toi Iing and sweating in the whit~ hot sun;
Too tired to sleep when the day 1s done;
Picking tomatoes, fruits, melons and beans;
Latin minority of meager means.
GRAPEFIELDS AS A CHILD
Great clouds wired to the ground
confer and tremble
when a boy, loaded with pater, passes
pulling his feet quickly from the smouldering earth.
His family has sent him, the you119est,
for the gallon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap,
The brown skin blotches with the dust
that is everywhere,
his father, who is grey, has spotted him but keeps working.
And there are people now, everywhere,
bobbing i.n and out of the leaves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
-Ben Durazo
workshops and this conference
back to our schools for improved
local action and there forwarded
as legislation. With closer communication and support for each
other on student issues our goals
and objectives ' can become a
reality •.• We must have students
actively involved in community
services and Community, State,
and National Politics '
·· Torres, a business adminis-
tration major with a 3.3 grade
point average, is involved in many
City College student government
and MECHA activities. He is a
member of La Mesa Directiva,
an organization composed of students and people from the Fresno
Community.
Area 5 includes CC, Allan Hancock, Porterville, Reedley, Taft,
Cuesta, Bakersfield, West Hills
and College of the sequoias.
The conference which Torres,
a student senator, and several
ASB officers attended, was held
at Allan Hancock College in Santa
Maria.
In his address to the conference Torres stated, •we now
realize the strength in unity, and
to continue in this path the student involvement and communication must continue from these
SELL
YOUR
USED
The campus tutoring service
gives employment to student
workers and aids about 30 students a week (the number rises
to 60 during finals). Cramped
for space, the growing service
needs a home. Student government can, and should, al low
the use of the old bookstore.
Student needs are our No. 1
priority.
Sherwood for President
BOOKS
EVERY
WED.
Dave Collins is interested in
what student government can
do for students. Talk to him.
Give him your suggestions and
opinions. Soft-spoken, practical he makes student needs
hi~, No. 1 priority.
at
In rny field experience as a
Soc i a I Work major I have
learned to understand other
Horace Bailey
The Student Senate should rule. As things are
now the Student Senate is virtually a non-functioning body since whatever powers it does have stop
at the Board of Directors' door. When what the
Board of Directors say .-oes, despite strong feelings to the contrary by the Student Senate, then
the Board clearly runs the school - but clearly
for others, not the students. The relationship of
the Board and the Student Senate seems similar
to that of the President and Congress except in
that Con~ress can override a Presidential veto it seems we haven't arrived at that level of democracy yet.
Stooping and bending in the white h~t sun;
Descendants of conquistadors, Iberia's sons;
Hispanoid·cross with Montezuma's seed,
Doing stooP labor to meet life's needs.
On Campus Tutoring Service
Jess Barroso
As far as student funds are concerned I feel that
the Student Senate should control funds designated
for student use. If they do not get control then it
would seem a good idea for students to collectively
refuse to pay that portion which is supposed to be
designated for their use. If the Board· of Directors
fails to cooperate with student mandates then I feel
that the students via the Student Senate should have
the opportunity to override the Board's insensitive
and arbitrary decisions.
A NEW DAY
A new day must come for the migrant's sons;
For their wives and daughters-everyone.
The world needs the best of their hearts and minds,
And the migrant Iife must be left behind.
- Dr. R.H. Harrison
W a lace Dailey
The Board of Directors was created to handle
the responsibility of making decisions for student
government. The era in which this Board was
created was in the 1950's. This decade was a time
of great apathy when students were content to be
led by paternalistic administrators. Now that students have developed consciousness and responsibility the Board has become a political tool for
keeping a check on student activities. Activities
which could mean changes that would attack the
long neglected issues and problems of the college
and community as a whole. It's a cruel hoax that
the Board has become the irresponsible element.
It is now acting in the interest not of the college
and community but in the interest of those who
wish to see another decade of unconcern for critical
issues. Student government is recovering from the
· administrative anesthetic and is assuming its role
in repelling the sleep of apathy.
3
Working and drudging in the white hot ~un;
Men, women, and children 'til the day 1s done;
Constantly moving to follow the crops;
An endless cycle that must sure stop.
I think if there were more Student Senate representatives on the Board of Directors it should
rule. But these representatives should speak for
the majority of students.
Jess Martinez
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Crouching and kneeling in the white h«>t sun;
To another job when this one is done;
Gatherino the harvest of berries and fn1its;
Tenderly. caring for the tubers and shoots.
Gary McKillips
I feel that the Student Senate should have the
power to rule. I feel this because they are much
closer to the student body and they are the elected
representatives. I don't feel that the Board of
Directors is close enough to the students to be
representatives of them or show concern for what
the students think or feel.
Monday, March 22, 1971
FSC
'BOOKSTOK~
Collins for 1st VP
people andbesensitivetotheir.
problems.
D1,111
for
2■tl
YP
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
'Super-Chicano'
one main avenue open to a Pinto (Chicano convict) is Nationalism.
Of ¥-,II the polltical theories that I have been exposed to, I think that·
Nationallsrn best expresses my concept of what is good and bad for
all oppressed people. As I understand it, there are basically two
kinds of Natio'nallsm: Revolutionary and Reactionary. The Pinto who
becomes what I define as a •Reactionary Nationalist• does so principally because the only positive response that he ha~ received from
people that he attempted to relate to was from other Chicanos-exclusively! ~onsequently, the only people that he feels are worthy of
doing something for are other Chicanos. The people who have molded
his life, in terms of ever having done anything to help him, were all
Chicanos-his famlly, friends, and loved ones. He does not care
what the troubles of other peoples may or may not be. All he is interested in is doing something for the only people that have ever done
something for him-La Raza-Nosotros Los Chicanos. He makes his
commitment, goes to the streets, and becomes a •super-Chicano•.
He has a strong tendencytoequateeverythingin life to its abundance,
or lack of Chicanismo. His basic philosophy (political, economical,
and cultural) is that within La Raza he will do anything to help-outside of La Raza, he wants nothing to do with. Since my political
awakening was realized because of the fact that I have always been
some kind of a •cultural nationalist", I cannot thoroughly condemn
this attitude. In and of itself, itis not a bad thing. The fact remains,
though, that no political ideology is self-contained. It is relevant to
the degree that it •serves the people•. This particular ideology
serves the people, but I believe that it does us (La Chicanada del
Movimiento) a greater disservice. I will state my reasons for this
belief.
(1) It puts theadherentofthisideology in the hands of that element
in Chicano politics that sees nothing wrong with exploitation, oppression, racism, and general abuse of any other people, as long as it
is not directed toward La Raza.
(2) This ideology espouses the idea that the •sell-outs•, "Tio
Tacos•, and other kinds of •coconuts• amongst us should be given
consideration because they are, despite their faults, Chicanos.
(3) This ideology has to have an exploited, oppressed class of people to function. It eventually leads to racism, imperialism, fascism,
and subsequent self-destruction. This ls not what! want for my people. A FINAL COMMENT. I am reminded, as I think of this ideology,
of the fall of the great city of Tenochtitlan. As beautiful as it was,
and as mighty as it was, I believe that it was doomed as soon as
somebody came along who could exploit its weaknesses. With all of
its splendor, knowledge, and civilizationbeyond thewhiteman's wildest dreams, it fell (I believe) because of the very reasons that I attribute to that ideology known as •Reactionary Nationalism". I would
not like to see that happen to "La Nacion de Aztlan".
-Francisco •Guero" Estrada
What
•
IS
a Chicana?
We have viewed the Chicana
through different perspectives,
We have seen !>er placed in the
kitchen, barefoot and pregnant.
She has been put in the movement, demonstrated against
wrongs done to her people and
has been thrown in jail. Her positions have been unique and
stereotyped. Who is she in
reality?
What ls her position in the
movement and her relation to the
barrio?
The Chicana grew up in different at m o spheres. She was
raised in the barrio, struggling
in grammar school and receiving
the lowest standard of education.
She also passed her childhood in
the Anglo-community, and was
assimilated into a culture unlike
her own.
Now, regardless of her background, she is in the Chicano
community working for the betterment of her people.
The Chicana who works in the
movement has been termed militant. But how can you classify a
Chicana a militant, when she is
teaching six-year-old Chicanitos
the culture and language of their
peoJ?le.
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The Chicana is a teacher in
many respects, She upholds the
traditions and customs of her
people. She is a liaison between
the new ideas set forth by the
young and the ideals maintained
by the old.
The Chicana's activities in the
barrio demand a twenty-four
hour day, yet she continues to
carry on her family role.
She attends s-chool, but does
not become a subject of the institution. She utilizes its studies
and finds time to participate in
activities to better her life and
her peoJ le's lives.
In college she realizes that
she owes her position there to
the people of the Chicano community, who have suffered and
strived to get Chicanos a better
education, She, in turn, directs
her schooling toward her people's
needs.
The Chicana understands the
role of the Chicano and works
alongside of him.
Because she is a woman, she
understands she must work twice
as hard to prove herself. She ls
capable Qf being an artist, a
wri_ter, a poet, a historian and a
lawyer. She. does not, however,
forsake her role as a mother and
a wlfe •.She is a CI-llCANA!
COUNCIL POST #3 RACE
Al Villa and the •issues
The major issues forcing the
City of Fresno are issues that
affect people in geteral and not
the special interests. This city
needs councilmen that have the
courage and conviction to stand
for and express the views that
are necessary to correct the
problems of our community. In
correcting the problems of our
community we must strive to
recognize that youth must become a part of decision making
through the ballot box. Eighteen
year olds must be given the right
to vote that is so necessary if
they are to effectively participate
in our system of government.
Many issues face our city today
-the right of geographical representation is one of the most
important. Our State Assembly,
State Senate, Congress and Board
of Supervision are all based on
geographic representation. This
is the essence of government to
be represented and to have a voice
in decisions that effect our daily
lives. Problems of West Fresno,
South East Fresno, North East
Fresno are not alike. Which
makes geographic representation
necessary. Councilmen should
come and live in those geographic areas so that all parts of the
city can have a voice.
Urban unification is a must for
the city of Fresno. We must
square boundaries to establish
one urban community to provide
efficient operation of governmental functions. Each taxpayer
has a right to expect and insist
he receive full value for tax
dollars. This can only be achieved
by squaring off jagged boundaries.
In squaring boundaries we must
start the process of consolidation
of services. Today there are
many duplications and waste resulting from departments and
governmental agencies creating
their own separate entities at the
expense of efficiency. We must
stop duplication in purchasing
computer services, police protection, fire protection, personnel services, sanitation and planning.
Unemployment is the most severe penalty that must be paid
by an individual that is productive but cannot find a job. We
must create jobs for people by
attracting new industry to Fresno. Elimination of the •1tility tax
alone will not do the job. We
must complete our proposed
freeway system to provide adequate land with proper zor.ing,
we must provide adequate housing
and recreation. We must be a
progressive community willing to
make the changes and meet the
challenges of the future.
_In our city we have encountered
,
problems with our youth. Our
community ~eeds to be openminded to initiate communication
with the youth. Youth must become a part of solving problems
that effect youth. They must be
allowed to participate on an even
keel with the rest of the community. Only through such participation and involvement can we solve
such problems. We must be ready
to listen and not be afraid to
change when facts and conditions
warrant change. Our city Council
must be ever responsive to the
needs of all its citizens and they
must realize that youth in fact
comprises a significant number
of citizens.
We must strive to provide adequate housing for residents of
our city. It is a disgrace that
2,000 people are sleeping in cars
because they cannot find a place
to live, Further it is an indictment that students at our colleges· cannot find adequate quarters, and a proper atmosphere
in which to study.
Most of all, this city nnds
young, aggressive, imaginative
leaders. Those with the understanding and courage to create
progress, those that have stood up
and demanded change. Recently
through court action I challenged
the residency rule to run for po-
~
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litical officE,. The challenge was
based on my belief that every
citizen has a right to participate
in government and that one of his
rights is the right to run for political office and be of service.
The people have a ri ght to vote
for the candidate of their choice
and they cannot be depri ved of the
right by some unreasonable and
archaic rule. A condition of employment should not effect the
fundamental right of a person to
reside where he desi r es.
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Vietnam
(Continued from Page 1)
manifested by 1) creating an
awareness of the exploitation of
Chicanos by the U.S. military
system,
2) establishing draft
counseling services for Chicanos
and 3) staging moratoriums for
the purpose of expressing overt
discontent with the war. Thus
came the birth ot the Chicano
moratortums that have occurred
throughout the entire Southwest.
602 Bro
237 ~3
OPEN SU
ay
YS
During the 1910 revolution in
Mexico there came a large flow
of Mexicanos northward across
the U.s. border into the southwest
or motherland of all Mexicanos.
This land of our ancestors which
was stolen from us is now called
Aztlan . This immigration mixed
well into the Chicano barrios and
rural areas where they added
numbers to the already large
Chicano population.
World War I created a farm
labor shortage that Chicanos
filled; there we mainly took a
support! ve role of agricultural
maintenance during a time when
labor supply was greatly needed.
However, there was a significant
number of Chicanos that participated and lost their lives in combat for the defense of their country and fr eedom throughout the
world, The number would have
been gr eater but racist military
standards and attitudes kept many
Chicanos out of the service.
With the depression of the
'30s times be_cam~ hard for
everyone, especially minority
groups who were at the bottom
of the economic ladder. Chicanos
who had risen from the fields into
the area of blue-collar employment were forced once again back
to the fields and jobs that ~ere
•suitable for cheap Mexican labor only.• The small social and
economic advances we had gained
were demolished.
The years prior to WW II were
important in forming attitudes
about the coming war. Chicanos
had been exposed to racism at
all levels-psychological. social,
economic and political. We lived
at the bottom of the economic
ladder and suffered the evils of
Poverty. We were stereotyped as
lazy, shiftless , knife-ca rrying
thieves. We suffered discrimination beyond belief.
It wasn't enough that we were
forced into unbelievable Poverty
but our culture was raped and our
identity taken from us to the point
where we were ashamed of our
existence. The man had made us
so ashamed of ourselves that
some of us , breaking under the
pressure , denied our existence
and called ourselves Spaniards or
Portuguese.
WW II came and Chicanos felt
that this was our opPQrtunity to
prove our loyalty and manliness
to the U.S. We were glad to be
given the opportunity to serve,
fight and, if necessary, die in
defense of our country , the United
States of America.
The bravery and valor of Chicanos could no longer be questioned. Wherever men died in battle there was s ure to be Chicanos
DC
among them. Proportionately,
Chicanos earned more medals of
honor than any other group, including anglos. Thousands of Chicanos gave their lives and for a
while the white society acknowledged our deeds.
We paid the ultimate price for
citizenship (death) to a country
that has consistently labeled us as
foreigners. We now felt that we
had paid our dues for a portion
of the American way of life. We
had paid in blood.
It wasn't long before anglos
forgot the bravery and valor that
Chicanos had displayed in defense of the U.S. As usual, our
past deeds were excluded from
the history books. For example,
how many of you have ever heard
of PFC Guy Gabaldon who singlehandedly captured 800 Japanese
troopers on Saipan (Morin, Raul,
"Among the Valiant," 1966)?
LXXVl/105
More imPortant - how many Qf
you racists will not believe it?
The Korean War and the early
Vietnam War did not have the
same impact on Chicanos. We did
not necessarily feel a need to
prove ourselves, but due to the
increasing demand of military
personnel, we were systematically forced into the armed forces.
With the increased awareness
of the high percentage of Chicano·
deaths and the stagnating socioeconomic conditions at home, we
began to question the war and our
role in it. In November of 1969,
a National Chicano Conference
to deal with the problems of war
and Chicanos was heldinDenver,
Colorado.
The problems was defined as
"systematic mllitary exploitation
of Chicanos" and the solution was
(Conti1:1ued on Page 4, Col. 2)
MONDAY, ~ARCH 22, 1971
POLITICAL FRONT PROPOSED
Questions asked during
boycott of food services
THE STUDENT SENATE VOTED TO BUY AND RECOGNI ZEUFWOC
LETTUC E, WHY DID THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REFUSE THE
STUDENTS'MANDATE?
Agri-business, represented by the large growers in the San
Joaquin Valley , was an important factor in the cancellation of La
Raza Studies program. This fact was brought out by the investigatory
team from the Chancellor ' s office. The agri,-business complex feels
threatened by the farmworker's union. They upset the status quo.
When the Senate resolution, supporting UFWOC passed, the farm
bureau immediately sent two representatives to Fresno State to talk
to the ar',ninistration. Then they took a public Position in the Fresno
Bee denouncing the farmworker's union. The Board of Directors
responded by their refusal of the Senate mandate. Evidently, the
agri-business intimidation is thorough, for the Board has tabled a
similar Senate mandate a second time.
WHY BUY ONLY UFWOC LETTUCE?
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee has been the
union in the forefront of organizational efforts for farmworkers.
Currently, they are organizing in Texas, Arizona, California, New
Mexico, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado, Idaho, Ohio, Michigan,
New York , Washington and Florida (Organized Migrants in Communi ty Action). It is the only union which has the trust of the farmworke rs. The Senate resolution was explicit recognition of UFWOC
and support by tt,a purchasing of UFWOC lettuce.
WHAT CAN UFWOC DO FOR THE FARMWORKERS?
It can give them strength to bargain collectively, thereby involving
them (something they have never had before) in determining their
needs. It can be the vehicle for acquiring dignity and change for
themselves and their children.
EYEN IF THE FARMWORKER JOINS THE UNION, WON'T MECHANIZATION PHASE HIM OUT?
Mechanization is going to be a decisive factor in the farmworker's
life. However, there is a precedent set by other unions. For example,
the Maritime Union has been hit hard by mechanization. The result
has been that they have retrained their members and dive.rsified
unionizing efforts into othe·r areas.
WHAT ABOUT THE SMALL FARMER - ISN'T THE UNION DRIVING
HIM OUT OF BUSINESS?
Farms are getting larg~r, which naturally decreases the number
of farms . For example , in· 1935, there were 6.8 million farms ; by
1968, there were only 3 millibn. These large corPQrate farms have
highly efficient technological and economical advantages that the
small farmer cannot compete with. The pnblems besetting the small
farmers struggling to remain independe..c are many. However, ,to
their additional disadvantage, when the big commercialfarms exploit
their workers, the labor of the family working "its own farm is consequently exploited by market conditions so that they receive the
same low return for their toil. UNIONI ZATION OF FARM WORKERS
ON THE HUGE FARMS WOULD IN ITSEL.F HELP THE SMALL
FARMER BY MAKING HIS OWN LABOR WORTH MORE.
-MECHA
Reagan budget cuts
education ieopardize EOP
The Educational Opportunity
Program, which was designed to
recruit low income and minority
people on to state colleges and
universities is once again under
attack.
Recently Governqr Reagan
proposed that the EOP budget be
cut from $4.1 million to $1.6
million. This means that no longer will many of the supPQrtive
services such as ·tutoring, counseling, book funds, and financial
aid be available to EOP students
throughout the state colleges.
As a result many students will
have to drop out of college, while
others will have to take on more
work to support themselves and
thereby jeopardize their college
progress. Also because of the
cutqacks many minority students
attending high schools and junior
colleges will not be able to apply
to state colleges, thus rearing
many of these students to vocational schools.
The chief result will be reduced grants for EOP students.
Some EOP directors argue that
if things don't look better "painful decisions" will have to be
made. They include suspending
fi~ancial ·aid to continuing EOP
students and channeling i_t to new
incoming students or extending
only partial aid to continuing students and providing only 1,200
new EOP students throughout the
state college syste m.
So.me of the interesting possibilities resulting from EOP
budget cuts were reported by
Kenneth Washington, statewide
EOP director, at a February
meeting of EOP officials and
students in Sacramento:
1. New students will receive
$100 per year as compared to
this year's average of $350.
2. Continuing students will re-
cei ve no financial aid.
3. The total grant money for
new students, which was $110,000
this year, will be s 1iced to
$28,000.
4. Elimination of three of the
four EOP counselors, as well as
teacher cutbacks in the Ethnic
Studies Department.
5. Elimination of EOP programs at Stanislaus State, Humboldt State, Cal State Bakersfield
and Cal State San Bernardino.
In light of the proPQsed cuts in
the EOP budget, EOP students and
officials are hoping to PQSe a political front. A statewide EOP
conference in · San Luis Obispo
resulted in letter writing campaigns and petition signing
throughout the state. The petitions asking for the restoration
of EOP funds are presently circulating on campus. The petitions
will be sent to San Luis Obispo
on March 30 and presented to
Governor Reagan at an April
press conference in Sacramento.
We call on EOP students, parents and community groups to
write to the area legislators and
Governor Reagan. These letters
should state the need for EOP
and what EOP has done for minority people throughout the
state.
We have four months of fighting
ahead of us and as Kenneth Washington stated, •we can't give up,
we won 1t give up!"
CHICANO MORATORIUM APRIL" 3, 1971
In honor of our brothers, families, and friends and loved
ones who have died in Vietnam. The Chicano in the service
has the highest percentage of deaths in Vietnam. Of all the
dead in general, 45 ,000, 19.9 per cent or more since the last
moratorium in Fresno are Chicanos.
Till now 10,000 Chicanos have died, plus the six Chicanos
killed in the Los Angeles massacre.' March will start at
Dickey's Playground at the cornerofDlvisaderoandBlackstone
and will end at Roeding Park.
. Time: 12:00 p.m. - Speeches' - Plays - Food - Bring our
carnales and sons back from Vietnam ALIVE NOW!
"Moratorio Mexicano En Fresno"
En Honor a nuestros Hermanos, Fam1Uares, Amigos, Y Seres
Queridos que han m~erto en Viet-Nam . El soldado mexicano
lleva el porcentaje mas alto di! muertes en Viet-Nam. De
todos los que mueren en general, 45,000. 19.9% son mexicanos.
Hasta ahora han muerto 10,000 Mexicanos. Y los 6 chicanos
que mataron en el moratorio en Los Angeles, estos meces
pas ados.
·
Desfile Y Congregacion. 3 De Abril, 1971.
Desfile empiezara a las 12:00 mediodia en el Dickey Playground en las esquinas de Di visadero Y Blackstone.
Congregacion en Roeding Park, Motel Drive Y Belmont.
"Discursos• - •variedades• - •cornidas•
"Regrecen a nuestros Hermanos de Viet-Nam" •VJVOS"
2
T$ DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
The Chicano
and the draft
in jails, juvenile halls and prisWi~h the 1:1ve~-expancling Vlet
ons at the hands of racists that
Nam war and the continuous
rob us of life so thllt we may die
struggle for survival of our peoor
walk out something less than
ple here in Aztlan, Chicanos are
a man. (This process is often
faced with the toughest decision
call rehabilltation).
in their lives - succumb to the
Now I am ordered to become a
MAN or cry, CHALE CON EL
. part of the government that inDRAFT.
sures the status quo. The army
The following personal account
has inducted or systematically
better exemplifies a Chicano's
forced young brave Chicanos off
frustrations over La Raza's
to a war many miles from our
plight and expresses his reasons
homes. There they are taught to
for refusing induction.
maim and destroy the minds and
I often speak of Chicanismo,
bodies
of innocent men, women
Carnallsmo, La Causa, self-deand children. Many Chicanos
termination and social justice,
come back but an unproportionfor these are more than just
ately large number will not see
words to me. They engulf the very
their families again. Yes, they
survival of La Raza. If we are
died for a country - a country
ever to become successful in our
that has historically seen them
liberation then we must all be
as a cheap labor supply, as bodies
willing to sacrifice in order that
to be shipped off to wars, as
these dreams will become realspicks, wetbacks and people of an
ity.
inferior race.
I, Juan Raza, have been ordered
I have spoken of social justice,
to report for induction into the
Armed Forces of the United
States. The government of the
United States has ordered that I
become a part of that system that
has alienated me all my life. I
was nevet directed towards college, to speak up on my needs
Black and Brown vote
as a human being or, for that
matter, •I was never allowed to
If Black and Brown students
exist. Now all of a sudden I have
turn out in force to vote in the
been given the honor to serve
coming student body elections,
my country that I may be gratethey can probably avoid many of
ful for a11 lt has done for me.
the · problems encountered with
We, the proud people of La
getting resolutions past the Board
Raza, have known little else but
of Directors.
racism and brutal oppression at
The Board has eight members.
the hands of this society. The
They are: the student body preseducational system has distorted
ident, first and second vice presthe minds of our children, pierced
idents, president pro tempore of
our hearts and beaten our souls.
the student senate, and four adYou bit our tongue and castrated
ministration-faculty representaour culture; not only making us
tives.
strangers in our own land but
To get a resolution past the
worst of all, you have robb;d us
Board requires five favorable
of dignity and made us feel shame
votes. Whomever is elected presthat we existed.
ident pro tempore of the Student
My people are dying here in
Senate is likely to vote in favor
these great United States. They
of another UFWOC resolution beare dying in the butcheries called
cause he is elected by a body
county hospitals, in the fields
which has shown overwhelming
where we not only le!t our sweat
support (21-4) for such a resolubut also many years that were
tion.
stolen from the average life span;
In last year's student body
but worst of all, they are dying
election the outcome was close.
So close, that if Blacks and
Browns had turned out in greater
numbers '.o vote, a liberal slate
could have been elected to the
top three student body offices
instead of the present conserva~
tive blocs.
The four students just mentioned would constitute four of the
five votes necessary to pass
legisl~tion requested by the Student Senate. Only one of the four
administration-! a cult y representatives needs to vote with the
students. In the case of the
UFWOC lettuce resolution, professor of physics, John R. Don-
STEVE
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OIL PAINTS
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602 6roadway at Ve.n tura
PH: 237~15
racism, and war but there seems
to be a contradiction. My conscience cannot allow me to become a part of that system that
either destroys or cripples those
who will not succumb to the ideals
and values of the oppressor.
If we are to be truly free, then
we must stand against those that
oppress us and declare our right
CARTAS Y N OTICIAS
aldson, did just that. The two
votes that defeated this resolutlon came from the student body
president and second vice president.
If the Blacks and Browns vote
in strength in the coming student
body elections they can put into
power a moderate or liberal
student government that will be
receptive to the needs of minority
students.
D. Leroy
Teatro Campesino
El Teatro Campesino de Aztlan announces the second annual
Festival de los Teatros de Aztlan.
The plans for this year include
at least 20 Teatros from all over
Aztlan. A special invitation has
gone out to the Teatro Arena De
Sao Paulo, Brazil; Los Mascarones de Poesia Coral, Mexico
D. F.. and the White Roots of
Peace, a Native American group.
Last year's festival was very
successful despite the problems
we had with location after Ronnie
Reagan closed down the State
College campuses, for fear of
retaliation for the Kent State
Massacre. This year's festival
will be held at several locations
(nos pusimos truchas) all within
a half hour of each other. Tentative locations are: u.c. Santa
Cruz, Gavillan College, San Jose
State, Cabrillo College, Harnell
College. There will also be community performances in Watsonville and Salinas. At San Juan
Bautista, (La Calavera) workshops will be held on films _
improvisations, playwriting actos, construction theory of 'c hicano theah t!, movement. The festival will be held from April 5-10
Easter week, to give students ~
chance to attend. All teatros and
Raza interested in teatro are invited to attend and participate in
the workshops. For more information contact:
Ricardo Nieto
Business Manager
Teatro Campesino
P.O. Box 2302
Fresno, Califas 93927
STUDENTS
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New Adelita officers
On February 17, 1971 Adelita
officers for the Spring Semester
were elected. Those elected are:
Suzanna Mata, president; Dora
Lopez, vice president· Pat
1 Aguirre, secretary, Cath~ Sanchez, treasurer; Agapita Cardenas and Dolores Jimenez publicity managers.
'
Involvement with the community and other Chicano organizations politically, educationally
and socially are the primary
goals of Adelitas this spring semester. In order to achieve these
goals two new positions were
opened with the initiation of several projects. Dolores Aguiniga
was appointed Adelita Concilio
Representative to the Fresno
Brown Beret Chapter. Another
position was also opened to serve
as a liaison to Fresno City
College Adelitas in order to unite
both organizations' efforts il ..o
corresponding positive directions. Fresno City College Adelitas has also opened a similar
position to Fresno State Adelitas.
Two of the projects that Adelitas have initiated for community
involvement include a Registration Drive for 18-year-olds and
a volunteer ·tutorial program.
Voter Registration Drive of
18-year-old Chicanos is one way
of involving Adelitas politically
in the community, by organizing
the Chicano vote into an effective
bloc and political force. There
are approximately eight Adelitas
who have volunteered to become
re gistrars. The regisirars will
then go out to Fresno City College
and various high schools in Fresno County. The project is in conjunction with the League of Women Voters who have already
started a similar project, Mrs.
Betty Rodriguez, who will be
Voter Service Chairman for
Fresno County will speak at an
Adelitas meeting sometime in
April.
Esther Castillo was appointed
to serve as Chairman for the bi-·
lingual volunteer tutorial program at the Winchell School under the direction of Mr. Pedro
Figueroa. The tutors will be in
the classroom with bilingual children of all ages. The project Is
a continuation of the 1969-70 Adeli ta group. Since the program
was very successful last year, it
was decided by unanimous vote
to continue with the program.
Contrary to popular opinion
Adelltas ts not apartoftheWomen's Liberation Movement. As
Chicanas there is great potential
to self-determination. In good
conscience, I shall refuse induction, for you see, I AM A FREE
MAN.
CHALE CON EL DRAFT!
lttn.l
for us to aid in our Raza's struggle for self-determination but we
must first exercise that potential.
Adelitas welcomes all interested
and concerned Chicana students.
Announcements are usually posted on the Cafeteria bulletin board
concerning the meeting place.
Regular meetings are held every
Wednesday at noon.
Tutorial program
Delta Alpha Chi, a new fraternity at Fresno State College,
initiated a high school tutorial
program during the latter part of
the Fall semester. The tutorial
service was concel ved· by the
fraternity based on the fact that
high school students need additional help in their school work.
Upon discussing the proposed
tutorial service with high school
administrators and counseling
personnel, an acute need of such
service was revealed. The fraternity proposed such a tutorial
service to Roosevelt High School
and was readily accepted by the
administration and the counseling staff.
The program was organizedon
the basis of a one-to-one working relationship, covering all high
school subject areas. The tutorial service has reached the committee's goals in the subjects of
English, biology, history, American government and reading,
As the tutorial service has expanded through the Spring semester, problems have arisen in the
subject areas of chemistry, algebra and higher math. There is
a great need in these particular
subjects; therefore, Delta Alpha
Chi welcomes tutors in any subject. The suggested time zone for
all tutors is between 3:30 p. m.
and 5 p.m. on weekdays. Tutors
and high school students unable
to work at this time are free to
schedule their times on or offcampus. Any interested student
can get additional information
about our tutorial service by calling Edward Castro - 439-4394
Ruben Rodriguez - 266-9757 0 ;
Rick Luna - 224-8062.
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a semester, $15 a year. Editorial office
Keats Campus Building, telephon~
487-2486. Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
O_p inions expres aed in Daily Collegian special editions are not nece 8 •
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . . John Ramirez
Reporters . . . , .. . . Ofelia Garcia,
Esperanza Rodriguez
Jess Marquez, Delma Garcia' •
Pat Aguirre, Grace Soli~
G
PENSAMIENTOS
Gets Nixon invitation
Between the Board of Directors and the
tudent Senate who should rule?
Why?
Mary Ruiz
The Student Senate should rule ~ince it is a
realistic functioning body representative of the
entire FSC student body. The Board of Directors
is a pigm.ent of my imagination!
Manuel Contreras
I feel the Student Senate should make the decisions on all matters concerning the students. The
Board of Directors primarily tends to represent
powerful interest groups in the valley, rather than
have as their major concern the welfare of the
student body. The current lettuce issue is a prime
example of where the board's loyalties are at and
their lack of concern for students.
Richard Rodriguez, a senior
sociology major from Exeter,
has received an invitation from
President Nixon to attend the
White House Conference on Youth
as a delegate.
The conference which will be
held April 18-22 in Denver, Colorado, is to be attended by some
1,000 delegrates from throughout the United States.
Richard will participate in the
committee on thedraftandarmed
forces. Much of the attention wtll
be focused on the volunteer army,
according to Conference organizers.
Richard is pledge master for
Delta Alpha Chi, a service fraternity at Fresno State College,
and is a member of the California Youth Advisory Committee
on Selective Service.
New president
Fresno City College student
Jose Torres was elected president of Area 5 of the California
Community C o 11 e g es Student
Government Association at an
Area 5 conference held Saturday.
Joan Dawson,
The students of today have no use for the Board
of Directors. The students want to have direct involvement in their own affairs. Since the closest
thing we have to representative government on
this campus is the Student Senate, they should
have the final decision on student affairs.
Charles Van Gunst
The Board is bent on designing policies which
appear to serve the ends of a few men; their aim
is absolute authority. If policy ruling depends on
the mandate of an intelligent majority, a concerned
and participating majority for that matter, the Student Senate had clearly spoken for the student majority. The boycott when in effect grew every day,
leaving little room for doubt that the Student
Senate must of necessity have policy-making authority so that the mood of Uie campus will be reflected in decisions.
Grace Solis
I feel that the students of FSC are intelligent
and responsible enough to decide how the facilities
that belong to them are run. After all, we pay fees
to maintain the ·buildings and most important, our
student senators are our elected representatives.
If the Student Senate endorses a resolution we
must abide by it the same way we must abide by
the decisions of our state and national legislati:res.
We should start practicing democracy on campus.
Toi Iing and sweating in the whit~ hot sun;
Too tired to sleep when the day 1s done;
Picking tomatoes, fruits, melons and beans;
Latin minority of meager means.
GRAPEFIELDS AS A CHILD
Great clouds wired to the ground
confer and tremble
when a boy, loaded with pater, passes
pulling his feet quickly from the smouldering earth.
His family has sent him, the you119est,
for the gallon jugs, that were of wine,
now covered with soaked burlap,
The brown skin blotches with the dust
that is everywhere,
his father, who is grey, has spotted him but keeps working.
And there are people now, everywhere,
bobbing i.n and out of the leaves
eating from the clouds
that tug at the ground.
-Ben Durazo
workshops and this conference
back to our schools for improved
local action and there forwarded
as legislation. With closer communication and support for each
other on student issues our goals
and objectives ' can become a
reality •.• We must have students
actively involved in community
services and Community, State,
and National Politics '
·· Torres, a business adminis-
tration major with a 3.3 grade
point average, is involved in many
City College student government
and MECHA activities. He is a
member of La Mesa Directiva,
an organization composed of students and people from the Fresno
Community.
Area 5 includes CC, Allan Hancock, Porterville, Reedley, Taft,
Cuesta, Bakersfield, West Hills
and College of the sequoias.
The conference which Torres,
a student senator, and several
ASB officers attended, was held
at Allan Hancock College in Santa
Maria.
In his address to the conference Torres stated, •we now
realize the strength in unity, and
to continue in this path the student involvement and communication must continue from these
SELL
YOUR
USED
The campus tutoring service
gives employment to student
workers and aids about 30 students a week (the number rises
to 60 during finals). Cramped
for space, the growing service
needs a home. Student government can, and should, al low
the use of the old bookstore.
Student needs are our No. 1
priority.
Sherwood for President
BOOKS
EVERY
WED.
Dave Collins is interested in
what student government can
do for students. Talk to him.
Give him your suggestions and
opinions. Soft-spoken, practical he makes student needs
hi~, No. 1 priority.
at
In rny field experience as a
Soc i a I Work major I have
learned to understand other
Horace Bailey
The Student Senate should rule. As things are
now the Student Senate is virtually a non-functioning body since whatever powers it does have stop
at the Board of Directors' door. When what the
Board of Directors say .-oes, despite strong feelings to the contrary by the Student Senate, then
the Board clearly runs the school - but clearly
for others, not the students. The relationship of
the Board and the Student Senate seems similar
to that of the President and Congress except in
that Con~ress can override a Presidential veto it seems we haven't arrived at that level of democracy yet.
Stooping and bending in the white h~t sun;
Descendants of conquistadors, Iberia's sons;
Hispanoid·cross with Montezuma's seed,
Doing stooP labor to meet life's needs.
On Campus Tutoring Service
Jess Barroso
As far as student funds are concerned I feel that
the Student Senate should control funds designated
for student use. If they do not get control then it
would seem a good idea for students to collectively
refuse to pay that portion which is supposed to be
designated for their use. If the Board· of Directors
fails to cooperate with student mandates then I feel
that the students via the Student Senate should have
the opportunity to override the Board's insensitive
and arbitrary decisions.
A NEW DAY
A new day must come for the migrant's sons;
For their wives and daughters-everyone.
The world needs the best of their hearts and minds,
And the migrant Iife must be left behind.
- Dr. R.H. Harrison
W a lace Dailey
The Board of Directors was created to handle
the responsibility of making decisions for student
government. The era in which this Board was
created was in the 1950's. This decade was a time
of great apathy when students were content to be
led by paternalistic administrators. Now that students have developed consciousness and responsibility the Board has become a political tool for
keeping a check on student activities. Activities
which could mean changes that would attack the
long neglected issues and problems of the college
and community as a whole. It's a cruel hoax that
the Board has become the irresponsible element.
It is now acting in the interest not of the college
and community but in the interest of those who
wish to see another decade of unconcern for critical
issues. Student government is recovering from the
· administrative anesthetic and is assuming its role
in repelling the sleep of apathy.
3
Working and drudging in the white hot ~un;
Men, women, and children 'til the day 1s done;
Constantly moving to follow the crops;
An endless cycle that must sure stop.
I think if there were more Student Senate representatives on the Board of Directors it should
rule. But these representatives should speak for
the majority of students.
Jess Martinez
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Crouching and kneeling in the white h«>t sun;
To another job when this one is done;
Gatherino the harvest of berries and fn1its;
Tenderly. caring for the tubers and shoots.
Gary McKillips
I feel that the Student Senate should have the
power to rule. I feel this because they are much
closer to the student body and they are the elected
representatives. I don't feel that the Board of
Directors is close enough to the students to be
representatives of them or show concern for what
the students think or feel.
Monday, March 22, 1971
FSC
'BOOKSTOK~
Collins for 1st VP
people andbesensitivetotheir.
problems.
D1,111
for
2■tl
YP
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, March 22, 1971
'Super-Chicano'
one main avenue open to a Pinto (Chicano convict) is Nationalism.
Of ¥-,II the polltical theories that I have been exposed to, I think that·
Nationallsrn best expresses my concept of what is good and bad for
all oppressed people. As I understand it, there are basically two
kinds of Natio'nallsm: Revolutionary and Reactionary. The Pinto who
becomes what I define as a •Reactionary Nationalist• does so principally because the only positive response that he ha~ received from
people that he attempted to relate to was from other Chicanos-exclusively! ~onsequently, the only people that he feels are worthy of
doing something for are other Chicanos. The people who have molded
his life, in terms of ever having done anything to help him, were all
Chicanos-his famlly, friends, and loved ones. He does not care
what the troubles of other peoples may or may not be. All he is interested in is doing something for the only people that have ever done
something for him-La Raza-Nosotros Los Chicanos. He makes his
commitment, goes to the streets, and becomes a •super-Chicano•.
He has a strong tendencytoequateeverythingin life to its abundance,
or lack of Chicanismo. His basic philosophy (political, economical,
and cultural) is that within La Raza he will do anything to help-outside of La Raza, he wants nothing to do with. Since my political
awakening was realized because of the fact that I have always been
some kind of a •cultural nationalist", I cannot thoroughly condemn
this attitude. In and of itself, itis not a bad thing. The fact remains,
though, that no political ideology is self-contained. It is relevant to
the degree that it •serves the people•. This particular ideology
serves the people, but I believe that it does us (La Chicanada del
Movimiento) a greater disservice. I will state my reasons for this
belief.
(1) It puts theadherentofthisideology in the hands of that element
in Chicano politics that sees nothing wrong with exploitation, oppression, racism, and general abuse of any other people, as long as it
is not directed toward La Raza.
(2) This ideology espouses the idea that the •sell-outs•, "Tio
Tacos•, and other kinds of •coconuts• amongst us should be given
consideration because they are, despite their faults, Chicanos.
(3) This ideology has to have an exploited, oppressed class of people to function. It eventually leads to racism, imperialism, fascism,
and subsequent self-destruction. This ls not what! want for my people. A FINAL COMMENT. I am reminded, as I think of this ideology,
of the fall of the great city of Tenochtitlan. As beautiful as it was,
and as mighty as it was, I believe that it was doomed as soon as
somebody came along who could exploit its weaknesses. With all of
its splendor, knowledge, and civilizationbeyond thewhiteman's wildest dreams, it fell (I believe) because of the very reasons that I attribute to that ideology known as •Reactionary Nationalism". I would
not like to see that happen to "La Nacion de Aztlan".
-Francisco •Guero" Estrada
What
•
IS
a Chicana?
We have viewed the Chicana
through different perspectives,
We have seen !>er placed in the
kitchen, barefoot and pregnant.
She has been put in the movement, demonstrated against
wrongs done to her people and
has been thrown in jail. Her positions have been unique and
stereotyped. Who is she in
reality?
What ls her position in the
movement and her relation to the
barrio?
The Chicana grew up in different at m o spheres. She was
raised in the barrio, struggling
in grammar school and receiving
the lowest standard of education.
She also passed her childhood in
the Anglo-community, and was
assimilated into a culture unlike
her own.
Now, regardless of her background, she is in the Chicano
community working for the betterment of her people.
The Chicana who works in the
movement has been termed militant. But how can you classify a
Chicana a militant, when she is
teaching six-year-old Chicanitos
the culture and language of their
peoJ?le.
EUROf>~ CHA~TERS
L
Several achedulea ·from
$250 roundtrlp, $150 oneway
· '011 Lloyd Intematlonal J eta.
Coordinator: Prof. Margaret Paal
247 Roycroft, Long Beach
213-438-2179
90803
Want Ads
Girl to fi1 I in some weekends
~nd vacations as aide to girl
m wheelchair. Must Drive,
227-3601.
The Chicana is a teacher in
many respects, She upholds the
traditions and customs of her
people. She is a liaison between
the new ideas set forth by the
young and the ideals maintained
by the old.
The Chicana's activities in the
barrio demand a twenty-four
hour day, yet she continues to
carry on her family role.
She attends s-chool, but does
not become a subject of the institution. She utilizes its studies
and finds time to participate in
activities to better her life and
her peoJ le's lives.
In college she realizes that
she owes her position there to
the people of the Chicano community, who have suffered and
strived to get Chicanos a better
education, She, in turn, directs
her schooling toward her people's
needs.
The Chicana understands the
role of the Chicano and works
alongside of him.
Because she is a woman, she
understands she must work twice
as hard to prove herself. She ls
capable Qf being an artist, a
wri_ter, a poet, a historian and a
lawyer. She. does not, however,
forsake her role as a mother and
a wlfe •.She is a CI-llCANA!
COUNCIL POST #3 RACE
Al Villa and the •issues
The major issues forcing the
City of Fresno are issues that
affect people in geteral and not
the special interests. This city
needs councilmen that have the
courage and conviction to stand
for and express the views that
are necessary to correct the
problems of our community. In
correcting the problems of our
community we must strive to
recognize that youth must become a part of decision making
through the ballot box. Eighteen
year olds must be given the right
to vote that is so necessary if
they are to effectively participate
in our system of government.
Many issues face our city today
-the right of geographical representation is one of the most
important. Our State Assembly,
State Senate, Congress and Board
of Supervision are all based on
geographic representation. This
is the essence of government to
be represented and to have a voice
in decisions that effect our daily
lives. Problems of West Fresno,
South East Fresno, North East
Fresno are not alike. Which
makes geographic representation
necessary. Councilmen should
come and live in those geographic areas so that all parts of the
city can have a voice.
Urban unification is a must for
the city of Fresno. We must
square boundaries to establish
one urban community to provide
efficient operation of governmental functions. Each taxpayer
has a right to expect and insist
he receive full value for tax
dollars. This can only be achieved
by squaring off jagged boundaries.
In squaring boundaries we must
start the process of consolidation
of services. Today there are
many duplications and waste resulting from departments and
governmental agencies creating
their own separate entities at the
expense of efficiency. We must
stop duplication in purchasing
computer services, police protection, fire protection, personnel services, sanitation and planning.
Unemployment is the most severe penalty that must be paid
by an individual that is productive but cannot find a job. We
must create jobs for people by
attracting new industry to Fresno. Elimination of the •1tility tax
alone will not do the job. We
must complete our proposed
freeway system to provide adequate land with proper zor.ing,
we must provide adequate housing
and recreation. We must be a
progressive community willing to
make the changes and meet the
challenges of the future.
_In our city we have encountered
,
problems with our youth. Our
community ~eeds to be openminded to initiate communication
with the youth. Youth must become a part of solving problems
that effect youth. They must be
allowed to participate on an even
keel with the rest of the community. Only through such participation and involvement can we solve
such problems. We must be ready
to listen and not be afraid to
change when facts and conditions
warrant change. Our city Council
must be ever responsive to the
needs of all its citizens and they
must realize that youth in fact
comprises a significant number
of citizens.
We must strive to provide adequate housing for residents of
our city. It is a disgrace that
2,000 people are sleeping in cars
because they cannot find a place
to live, Further it is an indictment that students at our colleges· cannot find adequate quarters, and a proper atmosphere
in which to study.
Most of all, this city nnds
young, aggressive, imaginative
leaders. Those with the understanding and courage to create
progress, those that have stood up
and demanded change. Recently
through court action I challenged
the residency rule to run for po-
~
:.~
YI
I
litical officE,. The challenge was
based on my belief that every
citizen has a right to participate
in government and that one of his
rights is the right to run for political office and be of service.
The people have a ri ght to vote
for the candidate of their choice
and they cannot be depri ved of the
right by some unreasonable and
archaic rule. A condition of employment should not effect the
fundamental right of a person to
reside where he desi r es.
SPECIALS
CANVAS BAG
for carrying ·
BOOKS
95t
NAVY
BELL
only
BOTTOMS
Thn,i Their
T,espa,e ,. ,
AIR FORCE
ri·~OflTile~·
I
,.
cinema
2017 Fresno• Ph. 237-7562
~
SAT. , SUN. MATINEE
I,
J
s,_.oo 11L 3 PM-~
DDCIDRS
I
I
CoH~e·r~~•co~
FSC Stullenl• $1 50
with Student ID .
• Sat & Sur: Maline~
t SI .00 It ll .~
SUN
GLASSES
BEAN BAG
CHAIRS
MAKE YOUR OWN
SAVE ON
STYRENE BEADS
AND FABRICS
FREE
PATTERNS
Vietnam
(Continued from Page 1)
manifested by 1) creating an
awareness of the exploitation of
Chicanos by the U.S. military
system,
2) establishing draft
counseling services for Chicanos
and 3) staging moratoriums for
the purpose of expressing overt
discontent with the war. Thus
came the birth ot the Chicano
moratortums that have occurred
throughout the entire Southwest.
602 Bro
237 ~3
OPEN SU
ay
YS