La Voz de Aztlan, December 14 1970
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, December 14 1970
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
12/14/1970
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00016
extracted text
MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1970
SLAVE CONDITIONS
Suffering of farm workers
caused by dehumanization
Lookln clo. ly . t th f C of
·truggl in which our f, rm
work r ' tm1011 i
c n plainly
hav known pain. acrifi · and
sum rln '• I· roll! wh •re and whom
did th,
el rnents , ris ?
The sulferlng has alway l n
ca11s <1 hy thos gr edy barbarians wlio r fu e to
fa rm workers as hum" n men, women nd
children. The Bud Antle-Dow
Chemical coalition may be a good
example. This pair seems to
have no con~cience re dily exploiting and destroying human
life to make money. We have
heard the word EXPLOIT so often that many of u take it lightth
Chavez pledges
escalation of
lettuce boycott
"I'm prepared to pay the price for civil
disobedience. I was spiritually prepared
for this confinement."
----Message from Cesar Chavez, December 5, 1970, from his Salinas jail eel I
where he is confined until the lettuce boycott is over.
Ford Foundation awards $225,000 grant
to aid UFWOC service centers for migrants
The Ford Foundation has announced it has awarded three
grants totaling nearly $1 million
to a.id migrant farm workers and
minority groups.
A $225,000 grant went to the
Center for Community Change in
Washington. D.C. to help finance
seven service centers established by United Farm Workers
Organizing Committee leader
Cesar Chavez. Chavez is currently imprisoned in Salinas for
refusal to end a lettuce boycott
against Bud Angle Farms.
The Connecticut Housing Investment Fund and the League of
Cities-Conference of Mayors
were the recipients of the other
grants. The Connecticut Housing
Investment Fund
received
$200,000 to expand an equal housing opportunity program, and the
LCCM received $560,000 to continue on-the-job training programs for minorities.
SALINAS (UPI) - Jailed farm
labor leader Cesar Chavez Saturday promised to "escalate"
the nationwide boycott against
lettuce produced by a grower who
refuses to sign a contract with
his United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC),
AFL-CIO.
Chavez told hundreds of Mexican American field workers and
other supporters who filed i.1to
the Monterey County Jail during
visiting hours that a secret Friday meeting between UFWOC and
grower Bud Angle was •fruitless,"
The meeting was arranged by a
mediating committee of three
clergymen in an attempt to end
the long union jurisdictional dispute which led to the UFWOCsponsored boycott of Bud Angle,
Inc., lettuce.
Chavez, who was jailed Dec. 4
for refusing to obey a court injunction against the hoycott. received a telegram of support
Saturday from Mrs. 1artin Luther King, Jr.
Bud Antle, Inc., a major grower
in the Salinas Valley •salad
bowl," consistently has refused
to scrap an old contract with
the Teamsters Union to sign with
Chavez, UFWOC.
Representatives of the independent Teamsters and the AFLCIO joined in Friday's meeting
with UFWOC representative Delores Huerta and Bud and Robert
Antle,
The med 1 a ti on committee
chairman, the Rev. Eugene Boyle,
did not indicate whether further
meetings would be held.
ly. In examinin the Antle-Dow
creed of gettin rich off men's
w , t nd pan it mnk
you want
to vomit blood. Dow's napalm
gam doesn't e m so tar away
when you consider that along with
the oth r p stlcide manufacturers and grow rs like Antle, they
contribute to the yearly pesticide
poisoning of over 80,000 people.
When tallying the profits, they
never think of the deaths, rashes
and burns of the people in the
fields caused by these dangerous
pesticides.
The lack of union protection has
added to the suffering of farm
workers. Farm workers do the
back-breaking work on land which
feeds tMs country and much of
the world. A great tragedy lies
in the fact that these same workers not only have to labor under
the most adverse conditions (includinp; poisonous pesticides), but
must many times go home and
face hungry children. Farm
workers carry scars from futile
attempts to unify in the past, attempts which were always marred and torn by violence. The
experience of giving of self so
that others would no longer have
to suffer has always been ours.
Farm workers, as you can plainly see, know pain, suffering and
sacrifice.
UFWOC victories in the grape
fields have given farm workers
everywhere a new ray of hope.
The beauty of this Ues in knowing
that this hope can never fade
from our sight. Cesar Chavez,
a man whose face shows years
o! pain, sacrifice, suffering and
new hope, is responsible for the
nonviolent movement of farm
workers throughout the state,
the country, and the world. The
poet Alurtsta wrote, •Nonviolent
acts are rooted in our relationship with courage." Cesar Chavez and throusands o!farm workers have this courage and dedication deeply rooted in our
hearts. So firmly re these roots
planted that boys like Bud and Dow
will not be ble to toy with hum n
lives mu h longer.
The eyes of the farm worker '
struggle reflect like mirrors.
Looking into them we should all
be able to s
th t neither UFWOC
nor Ces r Chavez should be
placed on trial or put in Jatl.
Rather, It should e hose mon y
worshippers who ar
uuty of
keepin f rm
or ers un de
slave co ditlons and who are trying to block our union's tempt
to give str n h o the nation'
farm workers.
-Reprinted from El Maler! do
D cem r 15, 1 70
This edition is dedicated to Cesar Chavez
and the struggle of all Chicanos for justice and equality
2
THE.- bAILY COLLEGI.AN
Monday, December 14, 191v
E-NOL\~\-\
l) e Pl\ .-a.'T'P\ENT
SAr'\h)s c
/s
Standard operati~g procedu re?
Mistreated Chicano workers lead strike against Partex
Since Septem ber 3, 1970, Partex workers , ot which 90 per cent
are Chicanos, have been on
s t r ike. The str ike was the only
alternative the workers had in
orde r to end mistreatment and
abuse by the company. For weeks
prior to the strike, the company,
in violation of the National Labor
Relations Act, tried to keep workers from organizing by threatening employees with loss of jobs
if they were to join a union. There
was also talk by the management
of closing down the plant if a
union were to be organized. The
e mployees were questioned about
their union activities by the management who spoke in a way to
discourage unionization. A week
prior to the strike, the company
went so far as to grant wage
increases and promotions deliberately timed to defeat selforganization among the employees.
COMENTARIO
ho backs Norman nov,?
The slip is beginning to show under Norman Baxter's •midi.•
When Baxter was selected by Dumke-Reagan and Co. many moderates at Fresno State College felt ~at he should be given a chance.
It has happened, Baxter had his chance and he bungled.
Last week, the local "yello~ press" had a headline saying •ctty
Leaders Back Baxter.• Anyone, reading on would quickly realize
who those leaders were.
John Garabedian, grower-shipper and member of the State Board
of Agriculture, backs Baxter.
Bob Eagan, Producers Cotton Oil, Co. backs Baxter.
Clare McGhan, Fresno County Farm Bureau, backs Baxter.
A. Hammerstrous, manager of Blake, Moffitt and Towne, backs
Baxter.
Murray Pagel, manager of Preferred Creditors Service, backs
Baxter.
Claude Lisle, president of the Exchange Club of North Fresno,
backs Baxter.
S, Samuel BoJhosian, sweetheart of labor, backs Baxter.
MUo Rowell, attorney, backs Baxter.
Leland Scott, of well-known reputation as alumni, backs Baxter.
Baby Norman, on the week of September 12, 1970, told a group of
Mexican-Americans and Chicanos that he wouldn't accept interfe~ence from •outsiders" on affairs of the college. On the week of
December 12_, Norman is busy goh. 6 from meetings of the Rotary
Club to meetings of the Optimist Club to meetings of the Exchange
Club of North Fresno, etc •.•
S me P.!30ple are allowed to interfere, even invited to do so when'ever 1''orman is in trouble, but some other people get arrested if they
try ll interfere in the •academic" affairs of Mr. Baxter's college.
It is tlme that people began a king themselves some questions
out who Baxter really works for. 11aybe his real job shoulu be
o
p li•~ ~el tions for the growers. We should ail realize by
th t coUc e- mo.terial nc i n' ., regardless of the lett rs of
mendation he is getting.
-Elie-2.er Risco-Lozada
In spite of all the company's
devious efforts to discourage a
union, the will and determination
of the people to better themselves
and their fa m i lies prevailed.
They demanded a decent wage increase, equal employment opportunities, and the protection of a
union shop. Partex Company was
defiant at the idea of the workers
making such demands. Partex
offered workers a contract that
was hardly better than the previous one and said if the workers
didn't like it they knew what they
could do. The only alternative to
continuous mistreatment was to
go on strike.
The workers sought help from
the news media to publicize the
reasons the workers had for going on strike. The company had
given its version of the strike
situation, which was totally false,
and the workers also wished to
give their side of the story. The
Fresno Bee refused towriteanything the strikers had to say.
There were many instances
in which we sought help from the
sheriff's department and the District Attorney's office. However,
we were denied any consideration. Yet, when the company
brought a complaint against the
strikers, the Sheriff's Department and the DA's office were
only too glad to be of service.
On one particular occasion a
certain sheriff's deputy, Sergeant
Arden, was called in by Partex
to investigate a rock-throwing
incident at 8 a.m. on Nov. 24
1970. Sergeant Arden arrived
nearly half an hour later, traveling at a high rate of speed. He
drove directly into the strikers
peacefully picketing in front of
Partex, braking and skidding before coming to a stop. If five of
the strikers had not jumped out
out of his path, they might have
,een seriously injured or even
killed. Arden then jumped out of
his car, waving his fist and shouting, "Get the hell out of here,
you rock-throwers, before I start
busting heads and shooting tear
gas. Don't think that I won't!"
The men, women and children
we re shocked and outraged at
such· conduct of a public servant
of the law. The strikers as a
whole were being convicted as
the wrongdoers, when in fact, the
rock-throwing was started by the
scab workers. One of the strikers
had asked a Burns guard working
for Partex to report the scabs
throwing rocks at the strikers.
The Burns guard then 'replied, "I
hope they kill you." All of this
was reported to the DA's office.
They said that they would investigate the matter. To this date,
the workers are still trying to get
a charge against the company.
On Oct. 21. 1970 a hearing was
held between the Chicano workers
of Partex and two Federal commissioners of the Equal Employment Opportunity Com mission.
The officers found many instances where the workers had been
wronged and exploited by Partex.
One former Partex worker, Bill
Rena, testified that Pat Elbert,
Partex manager, had said the
reason Partex hired Chicanos
for $1. 75 per hour and whites
at $2.25 per hour was that Mexicans come from the fields at adi me a dozen. and that it was
hard to retain a white worker on
the same job for the same pay.
At this hearing, it was also disclosed that Pat Elbert had shouted
to the Partex strikers, "Only two
Mexic-ans in every eight are any
good." The people at Partex also
said a worker having 15 years
seniority could be overlooked
promotion-wise if the company
favored another worker. usuatly
a less-experienced white. To this
date, the local and federal officials have only listened to our
complaints and charges, but have
done nothing on our behalf. It is
only through picketing and pleading for public support that we' re
gaining effective community r esponse. The ways in which the
strike has been effective are:
1. The great majority of the
workers, 130 of the 150 workers
walked off their jobs. This showed
the company that the people were
united in their just demands. Most
of the company's experienced
help is outside and will remain
outside, depriving Pa r tex of experienced help. some of the workers have 14 and 15 years experience.
2. The company , as reported
from inside sources, is constantly pressing for more production
from the swelled 200 scab labor
force. The 200 scab workers are
not performing the work that 130
strikers formerly produced. The
pickets outside are a constant
reminder to the scabs that scab
labor at Partex is only temporary, which keeps them from t_ak·
ing interest in a temporary Job.
3. Since the beginning of the
strike, the company has hired a
force of 24 men to guard-the plant
24 hours a day. The cost of maintaining such a force is treme_ndous. Partex, being very strict
with the guards, has fired and replaced many guards for accepting
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 3)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods _by
the fresno State College Associa·
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sef ester, $15 a year. Editorial of ice,
Keats Campus Building, telep~on:
487-2486. Business office, Col eg
Union 316, telephone 487-2266,
Opinions expressed in Daily Colle·
gian special editions are not neces·
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . John RamJr~:
Reporters . . . . . . . . . • Susana 8
Ofelia Garcia , Jess Marqu~:z,
Graciela Solis , Phyllis Marti:,
Inna Alvara o
72-hour vigil
marks religious
holiday in Aztlan
By Grace Solis
On Dec. 9, 1531, an Aztec Indian named Juan Diego left his
home in Mexico City, Mexico
for Mass. His destination was the
Franciscan Church of St. James
in Mexico City, where he was to
help with Saturday Mass.
Between his native village of
Cuantitlan and the Church was a
high hill named Tepeyac, When he
reached this hill a bright light
blinded him, and upon making the
Sign of the Cross, he saw a vision
of Our Lady of Guadalupe, or as
she is known to the Mexican people, La Virgen de Guadalupe. She
spoke to him and told him she
would like to see a church built
on that spot, and Juan was to
relay the wish to the Bishop.
The Bishop was reluctant to
build a church without a sign,
indicating the appearance of la
Virgen de Gu adalupe. Two days
later, Juan returned to the same
spot where he had s een La Virgen
and gave her the Bishop's reply.
She told him to go pick flowers
at a particular spot, even though
they were out of season and take
them to the Bishop. He obeyed,
wrapped the flowers in his cloak
and presented them to the Bishop.
When he opened the cloak, a picture of La Vi rgen de Guadalupe
was imprinted on it. A church,
which is now a basilica, was then
built on that spot. La Virgen de
Guadalupe was later declared the
patron saint and protector of the
Mexican people.
With this i n mind, on Dec. 9,
1970, Chi cano students at Fresno
State College began a vigil in
comme moration of La Virgen de
Guadalupe. The ceremony was a
religious celebration and not a
"live- in", "protest" , •Or "campin" as erroneously reported in
earlier arti cles. Candle-light
processions were held every·
night as the Ros ary was recited.
The s econdary purpose of the
Vigil was to express our sincere
belief in the non- violent methods
employed by Cesar Chavez ofthe
United Farm Workers Organizing
Committee (U FWOC ) in his struggle to bring s ocial justice to the
farmworker. Cesa r Chavez was
recently jailed because of his
failure to call off a boycott and
strike against Bud Antle , one of
the largest lettuce growers in the
Salinas area.
The 72-hour vigil re ceived
much support from students and
faculty. Saturday morning it end ed with a march to the F r esno
County Courthouse. Farmwor kers, students and representatives
from various community organi zations joined the march. which
numbered several hundred.
VIGI LIA-A los pies de la Virg en de Guadalu pe, e t ud iant es pa aron
tres dias y tres noches de vi g ili a, en apoyo a nu est r o lider Cesar
Chavez, Qui en ba io las manos de la I N JUSTI Cl I\ csta near clacJo.
LETTER
Boycott the hell out of them!
Thanks those who helped in vigil
The Chicano students on campus sincerely thank all the faculty, members of the Student Senate
and an students who loaned
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s and
brought food for us during the
vigil. The attitude on campus
was tremendous with administrators dropping in to visit and chat.
Food caravan
to Delano
The striking farmworkers of
the San Joaquin, Salinas, and
Imperial Valleys need the continuing support of students. There
is an immediate need for nonperishable food items: sacks of
flour, rice , beans and canned
goods. Blue Chip Stamps and cash
donations are also accepted. The
caravan will leave from the Convention Center parking lot, Saturday, December 19 at 9:00 a.m.
Everyone is welcome to join the
carava n. Tntertainment and refreshments will be offered at
Delano. Bring a sleeping bag and
plan to stay overnight.
If it is not possible for you to
go to Delano , food and donations
may be left at AZTLAN, 1407
N. Van Nes s , Fre s no from 4:306:00 p.m. weekdays and all day
Saturday. For more inform ation
or transportation call: Wanda
(209) 229- 61 08.
Razon
HUELGA!
AYUDANOS HERMANO, P ERO M AS AYU D.CffE,
YA BASTA LOS INSUL TOS, EL SU FRI M l EN TO
DE LA RAZA.
UNIIY.JS VENCEREMOS, Y DAR GRACI AS A DIOS
NUESTRA VIDA QUE QUEDA,
LA VIDA DE NUESTROS HtJOS,
SERA FELIZ y NO NOMAS LLENA DE SUFRIMIENTOS.
HULEGA, HUELGA!
TU LUCHA NO SERA POR NADA,
TU ESPERANZA ES TU DERECHO.
Tl _NES CAUSA Y RAZON.
HUELG~
Photo, by Oon Leli ■ ron ■ nd ~t v :::ion ■ no
L a vi9ili a tc rm ino el sabado, 12 d d i c i em bre con una marcha desde
I col eg ia has t a la
or t e d I ,ondado d F re sno. odos gritaban:
LI Bf NA HAV -z! C)UI: VI VA CHAV EZ!
HUELG, HUELGM
EIJRIQUE
Faculty along with a lot of stu dents stopped to express their
empathy on the vigil.
It was absolutely great to see
students stop and exchange ideas
on Chavez' unlon movement and
never have anyone lose their
cool. For the first time since
I've been in school, I saw aggies
and chicanos exchanging dialogue
and ideas without either side
losing their cool. It was hoped
that the vigil would bring about an
atmosphere of non-violence and
reason on campus. This type of
rational dialogue must be used
by all concerned parties if we are
to solve any problems on campus.
To those persons who loaned us
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s or
brought us warm food and haven't
picked up theirbelongings,everything is in San Ramon #2, Room
21. If you are missing anything,
please contact Jess Marquez at
the Daily Collegian office.
Again a sincere thanks to
everyone on campus, who helped
make the vigil a success.
Jess Marquez
Ces r Chavez has always advocated civil disobedience as a means
or protesting unjust or unwarrant ed laws. He is now being held in the
Monterey County jail as a result of his civil disobedience. After
24 hours in jail Cesar issues a statement saying that he was prepared for indefinite confinement. As we all know, Judge Campbell
ruled that Cesar would not be released until he calls off the boycott
against Bud Antle. Many also realize the necessity of bucking the
court order because of its unconstitutionality.
With the courts ruling in their favor, the Antle people probably
felt they had succeeded in crippling our movement and would not
have to sign a negotiated contract which covers the workers' needs.
Just before going to jail Cesar left word for us to "Boycott Bud Antle,
Boycott Dow, and Boycott the hell out of them- VIVA LA CAUSA !"
At this point it should be realized that the only way we'll be able
to free Cesar is through Antle's signing. All boycott activity should
be aimed at clipping Bud Antle's pocketbook and exposing Bud's
relationship with Dow Chemical.
This doesn't just stop with Antle's lettuce. Since ,Antle has tried
to hard to stop UFWOC, it is now a question of him or us. Our nonviolent movement will show its strength in the boycotting of ALL
Antle products.
Antle's celery , broccoli and artichokes should be stopped as well
as the lettuce.
Antle labels to look for and wipeoutare "BUD", "RICK" , •JADE",
and "ANCO•.
The sooner we stop Antle, the sooner Cesar will be freed.
BOYCOTT. the hell out of ANTL E and DOW!
-Reprinted from El Malcriado
December 15, 1970
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THE DAIL"¥ COLLEGIAN
4
I
Monday, December 14, 1970
Cesar Chavez on non-violence
Our conviction is that human
life and limb are a very special
possession given by God to man
and that no one has the right to
that that away, in any cause,
however just.
We also find that violence is
contagious; it is uncontrollable.
If we use it, then the opposition
is going to respond in kind and '
it is going to be escalated.
Also we are convinced that
non-violence is more powerful
than violence. We are convinced
that non-violence supports you
if you have a just and moral
cuase. Non-violence gives the
opportunity to stay on the offensive, which is of vital importance
to win any contest. Suppose we
are striking and the opponent
appears to be getting the best of
us and we resort to violence.
Then he will bring in other forces
and one of two things happens:
violence has to be escalated, or
there is total demoralization of
the workers. Non-violence works
in exactly the opposite manner:
when for every violent action
commttteed against us, we respond with non-violence, we tend
to attract people's support; we
have a chance 1Jf attracting other
people who are not involved because they are workers, but are
involved because they have a conscience and because they would
Teatro Campesino comes
to Fresno State College
I
rather see a non-violent solution
to things.
If you have no basis for nonviolence other than a strategy, a
tactic, then when it fails your
only alternative is completely the
reverse and that's violence. So
you have to balance the strategy
with a clear understanding of what
you are doing. However important
the struggle is and however much
misery and poverty and degradation exist, we know that it cannot
be more important than one hum an life. That's baste. Second,
we operate on the theory that men
who are involved and truly concerned about people are not by
nature violent. If they were violent they couldn't have the love
and that concern for people. That
sort of man becomes violent when
that deep concern he has for
people is frustrated, when he's
faced with overwhelming odds
against what he is trying to do.
Then sometimes he feels that violence is really a short-cut or a
sort of miracle to end everything and bring about a solution.
We don't want to get into that
trap.
Las Adelitas are sponsoring a
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D.
F. are making their first Caliunique performance of both El
Teatro Campesino de Aztlan and
fornia tour and Las Adelitas
have made special arrangements
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D,F .,
at the FSC Little Theatre on
to have Los Mascarones perform
Wednesday, Dec. 16, 1970, at
Wednesday night. This is the
7:30 p.m. Admission for this fund
only opportunity that the FSC
raising event is $2 per person.
community will have to see this
Las Adelitas are raising funds
dramatic and eiciting company
for a special and timely purpose
perform on campus.
which will be announced at the
Los Mascarones are a rare
performance.
experience for U.S. audiences.
The Wednesday night perforTheir unique style in presenting
mance marks the first time that
an intriguing history and an even
The present political atmothe play "'Bernabe" wm be gensphere at Fresno State College
erally available to the Fresno
exhibits all the char ..1cteristics of
public. "'Bernabe," written and
the destruction of democracy
directed by Luis Valdez, ls perthrough the tyrannical means emformed by El Teatro Campesino.
ployed hy the administration, as
The play was originally scheduled
is evident by th~ political executo premier at FSC during early
tions manifested through its
May hut the on-campus perforpurges. Since the beginning of
mance was canceled when Goverlast semester. faculty and stunor Ronald Reagan panicked anc1
dents who have attempted toperclosed all the state college campeluate a spirit of justice, whethpuses.
er they were red, white or blue,
El Teatro Campesino recently
have heen terminated or eliminperformed •Bernabe" at the Inner
ated.
more important present leaves
City Cultural Center in Los An- 1
one fascinated. This extraordingeles and was acclaimed by the
The present tyrannical adminary group developed from the stuLos Angeles area critics. Dan
istration has been suspicious of
dent movement in Mexico in 10GB
Sullivan, L.A. Ti mes Theatre
any activity which has brought
and has continued to expand into
critic write: (L.A. Times, Nov.
students and faculty together.
the professional troupe of today.
3, 1970):
Efforts to develop relevant eduLos Masc.trones will he pre"'Is there anywhere a group of
cational curriculum have heen
senting "The Flight of Quetzalactors more in touch with themcoatl", a dramatlc poem taken
selves and the basic realities of
from the Codice and manuscript
theater than these? A board and
of Cuautitlan and the Mexican
a passion is almost literally all
lyrics that exist in the National
they have to offer, yet the results
Library. The poem was translatmake most big-city theater seem
ed from the Nahuatl by Dr. Angel
skimpy.
M. Garibay and adapted for the
Who are the real sophisticates
(Continued from Page 2)
theater by Mariano Leyva, the
here? Luis Valdez's troupe have
food
or drink from the strikers,
Director of Los Mascarones.
instinctively the moves that other
and talking and sympathizing with
Quetzalcoatl is one of the most
actors couldn't get after three
the strikers.
extraordinary characters of the
years with the Alexander techNahuatl
Culture.
His
life
unfolds
4. Even though the strike has
nique. They can impose their
before the coming of the Spancaused the shut-down of various
rhythm - very fast - on an
iards to Tenochittlan. The date
departments producing various
audience, just like that. They can
873 of our age is given (5 House
products, Partex continues to
go from naturalism to surrealism
of the Aztec Calendar) when the
operate. On several occasions the
and make you see that each is
Toltecas, inhabitants of Tollan
strikers saw large amounts of
a part of something bigger.
(today Tula Hidalgo) brought
new products being brought to
What they present is not just
Qµetzalcoatl to reign among
Partex to be sold as rebuilt to
a theatrical style but a life-style
them. He is considered a cultural
wider and wiser than pursued by
their customers. This was the
hero who taught the Toltecas the
practice of Partex on rare ocmany in their audience - a style
1
arts: feather work, jewelry,
casions when it had more orders
symbolized by their favorite
sculpture, architecture, goldthan it could supply. Orders have
word, "'corazon."
smithing, etc. He also was conbeen cancelled instead because of
•Bernabe" was at first a realsidered a god in different repreinability to supply. One company
istic and very funy study of a vilsentations: Ehecatl •.• God of
lage simpleton (accepted by the
official admitted to Mr. Henry
Wind, God of Maguey; Tezcatlivillage as he would not be in the
Rodriguez that the company's
poca .•. God of Knowledge, etc.
best workers were outside and
big city) which then shaded into
One day he disappeared toward
that the 200 scab workers were
a kind of apotheosis of "Chicanthe East, according to the legend,
ismo. •
mot producing as much as the
encircled in flames in a boat of
130 strikers used to produce.
Some seeming contradiction in
serpents which he had made. It is
He also added that he did not
the latter - Death as at once the
told that he left because he degrim reaper and the loving mothknow why Partex would not sign
fied the penitence and sacrificial
a union shop contract. The comer - were obviously not so to
ritual which he himself taught,
pany. always complaining it canthe company nor to those who
after
intoxicating himself with the
not afford to provide decent
could understand all of Luis Valmaguey which had been discovdez' Spanish-English text. This
wages, is certainly proving that
ered during this period; in the
group has so much to teach us
it is more than capable of good
presence of his vassals.
that it's a pity Los Angeles apwages, judging from the tremenThe performance at the FSC
pearances ar~ so sporadic."
dous expense it is undertaking in
Little Theatre on Wednesday,
an attempt to break the strike.
Dec. 16, offers a remarkable
Since Partex continues to deny
opportunity to see the foremost
its former employees their legal
theater groups in both the Chirights, there is great need for
cano movement and the Mexican
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
community support in boycotting
student movement, and to exam$160 or $45 person. 439.6481
Partex products. The effectiveine the stmilaritie~.-- the conness of a boycott was demonstrattrasts, and the vitality- of El
1 B,R Furn. Apt.across from FSC
ed by the great leader of the
Teatro campesino and Los Mas$110 per mo. 229-2650
' farmworkers. Cesar Chavez.
carones.
FREE CHAVEZ
Chicanos and Campesinos
march in support of Chavez
•r Viva la Virgen de Guadalupe!", "Free Chavez!", "Boycott lettuce!", and other similar
yells
resounded through the
streets of Fresno as 200 Chicanos marched from Fresno State
College to the County Courthouse
last Saturday.
The march to the courthouse
climaxed the three-day vigil at
FSC. The march was not attended by students alone. Farmworkers and community people
marched also to demonstrate
their support of the students in
their non-violent stand on the lmprisonm ent of Cesar Chavez.
At 10 a.m. Saturday, campesinos and students began gathering in the Free Speech Area.
Many of these people had not left
the site of the vigil since it had
begun Wednesday morning. The
camp was broken up and the
march began with the Virgen de
Guadalupe leading. The march
was attended by 200 Chavez supporters.
At the courthouse a short rally
was held. Several people spokE:
on the imprisonment of Chavez
and the lettuce boycott. Father
Lopez, a priest from a local
church gave a short talk on Chavez and his non-violent actions,
Several students spoke on the
students' involvement in La
Huelga. Among these students
were Cres and Patricio Hernandez and Raul Pickett. Mrs. Jesse
De La Cruz, a farmworker, spoke
on the lettuce boycott. She reminded the people that the only
way Chavez will be freed is if
Antle signs a contract. Therefore, she asked everyone to work
for La Huelga, find out where
they are selling scab lettuce and
boycott them. Boycott them until
Chavez is freed:
.
Chicanos on provisional government
Partex
Want Ad_s
shut down as was seen with the
destruction o · La Raza Studies,
Black Studies. E.O.P., and the
curtailment of the experimental
college. The presence of fully
riot-equipped officers furing the
first Free Speech rally held on
this campus in September and the
recent incident of the ust> of steel
plates, connotes the administration's efforts to destroy collective confidence and tru5l within
the general campus com"">l'nity.
What has occurred? There has
been a division and. polarization on this campus. and we continue to allow the tyranny imposed
by the administration to persist
unchallenged.
Our student gov('rnment has
been and remains immobile. and
continues to allow the destruction
of democracy to occur.
It is at present institutionally
connected to the administration of
the college, and has not operated
directly in the interest of the students. It ·s immobility is impaired
by its bureaucratic structure,
permitting final control by the administration.
We need a student government
that will have the autonomy and
courage to challenge the arrogant
misuse of power and democratically function by and Jor all the
students at Fresno State College.
Chicano students see this potential in the establishment ofthe
provisional student government.
With the combined efforts of the
entire campus . this may be the
vehicle that will bring democracy to Fresno StatP College.
Chavez was imprisoned by the
large interests who know that the
boycott will eventually force even
the largest tyrant to yield to the
just demands of the workers. It
is the public in general who justly
decides whether the reasons for
a boycott merit its support or not.
It is because the large intBrests
know that they have no legal or
monetary control over the public's decision that they fear boycotting the most. It was because of
Chavez's appeal to the public in
general for help that he was put
in jail and not because of any
violation of the law.
The striking workers of Partex
are now appealing to the public
for support. Please don't buy
Partex products. Partex Corp.
at 4661 E. Commerce in Fresno
is a rehuilder of auto parts such
as starters, generators. and
o~her auto parts. Ask your auto
parts dealer if any of the parts
he sells are rebuilt by Partex.
To this date, nearly three and
a half months since the strike
began. Partex has refused to even
talk about a fair contract. The
company has gone so far as to
retract all previous offers and
said that everyone has been permanentlv repla<'ed, Partex has
given n~ consideration to loyal
workers who have been with the
company for 15 years. The company operates under ruthless
management which does not want
to realize its workers are human
beings demanding only what is
rightfully theirs.
The concern and help many students from Fresno state and
Fresno City College have given
us has greatly lifted the spirits
of the Partex strikers. The strik ers of Partex depply appreciate
the involvement of the students
and community on the picket line.
This has served to show Partex
Company and all those companies
in general who deny workers fair
and equal treatment at work. that
the communitv is involved and
will not stand. for the mistreatment of its people.
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~
SLAVE CONDITIONS
Suffering of farm workers
caused by dehumanization
Lookln clo. ly . t th f C of
·truggl in which our f, rm
work r ' tm1011 i
c n plainly
hav known pain. acrifi · and
sum rln '• I· roll! wh •re and whom
did th,
el rnents , ris ?
The sulferlng has alway l n
ca11s <1 hy thos gr edy barbarians wlio r fu e to
fa rm workers as hum" n men, women nd
children. The Bud Antle-Dow
Chemical coalition may be a good
example. This pair seems to
have no con~cience re dily exploiting and destroying human
life to make money. We have
heard the word EXPLOIT so often that many of u take it lightth
Chavez pledges
escalation of
lettuce boycott
"I'm prepared to pay the price for civil
disobedience. I was spiritually prepared
for this confinement."
----Message from Cesar Chavez, December 5, 1970, from his Salinas jail eel I
where he is confined until the lettuce boycott is over.
Ford Foundation awards $225,000 grant
to aid UFWOC service centers for migrants
The Ford Foundation has announced it has awarded three
grants totaling nearly $1 million
to a.id migrant farm workers and
minority groups.
A $225,000 grant went to the
Center for Community Change in
Washington. D.C. to help finance
seven service centers established by United Farm Workers
Organizing Committee leader
Cesar Chavez. Chavez is currently imprisoned in Salinas for
refusal to end a lettuce boycott
against Bud Angle Farms.
The Connecticut Housing Investment Fund and the League of
Cities-Conference of Mayors
were the recipients of the other
grants. The Connecticut Housing
Investment Fund
received
$200,000 to expand an equal housing opportunity program, and the
LCCM received $560,000 to continue on-the-job training programs for minorities.
SALINAS (UPI) - Jailed farm
labor leader Cesar Chavez Saturday promised to "escalate"
the nationwide boycott against
lettuce produced by a grower who
refuses to sign a contract with
his United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC),
AFL-CIO.
Chavez told hundreds of Mexican American field workers and
other supporters who filed i.1to
the Monterey County Jail during
visiting hours that a secret Friday meeting between UFWOC and
grower Bud Angle was •fruitless,"
The meeting was arranged by a
mediating committee of three
clergymen in an attempt to end
the long union jurisdictional dispute which led to the UFWOCsponsored boycott of Bud Angle,
Inc., lettuce.
Chavez, who was jailed Dec. 4
for refusing to obey a court injunction against the hoycott. received a telegram of support
Saturday from Mrs. 1artin Luther King, Jr.
Bud Antle, Inc., a major grower
in the Salinas Valley •salad
bowl," consistently has refused
to scrap an old contract with
the Teamsters Union to sign with
Chavez, UFWOC.
Representatives of the independent Teamsters and the AFLCIO joined in Friday's meeting
with UFWOC representative Delores Huerta and Bud and Robert
Antle,
The med 1 a ti on committee
chairman, the Rev. Eugene Boyle,
did not indicate whether further
meetings would be held.
ly. In examinin the Antle-Dow
creed of gettin rich off men's
w , t nd pan it mnk
you want
to vomit blood. Dow's napalm
gam doesn't e m so tar away
when you consider that along with
the oth r p stlcide manufacturers and grow rs like Antle, they
contribute to the yearly pesticide
poisoning of over 80,000 people.
When tallying the profits, they
never think of the deaths, rashes
and burns of the people in the
fields caused by these dangerous
pesticides.
The lack of union protection has
added to the suffering of farm
workers. Farm workers do the
back-breaking work on land which
feeds tMs country and much of
the world. A great tragedy lies
in the fact that these same workers not only have to labor under
the most adverse conditions (includinp; poisonous pesticides), but
must many times go home and
face hungry children. Farm
workers carry scars from futile
attempts to unify in the past, attempts which were always marred and torn by violence. The
experience of giving of self so
that others would no longer have
to suffer has always been ours.
Farm workers, as you can plainly see, know pain, suffering and
sacrifice.
UFWOC victories in the grape
fields have given farm workers
everywhere a new ray of hope.
The beauty of this Ues in knowing
that this hope can never fade
from our sight. Cesar Chavez,
a man whose face shows years
o! pain, sacrifice, suffering and
new hope, is responsible for the
nonviolent movement of farm
workers throughout the state,
the country, and the world. The
poet Alurtsta wrote, •Nonviolent
acts are rooted in our relationship with courage." Cesar Chavez and throusands o!farm workers have this courage and dedication deeply rooted in our
hearts. So firmly re these roots
planted that boys like Bud and Dow
will not be ble to toy with hum n
lives mu h longer.
The eyes of the farm worker '
struggle reflect like mirrors.
Looking into them we should all
be able to s
th t neither UFWOC
nor Ces r Chavez should be
placed on trial or put in Jatl.
Rather, It should e hose mon y
worshippers who ar
uuty of
keepin f rm
or ers un de
slave co ditlons and who are trying to block our union's tempt
to give str n h o the nation'
farm workers.
-Reprinted from El Maler! do
D cem r 15, 1 70
This edition is dedicated to Cesar Chavez
and the struggle of all Chicanos for justice and equality
2
THE.- bAILY COLLEGI.AN
Monday, December 14, 191v
E-NOL\~\-\
l) e Pl\ .-a.'T'P\ENT
SAr'\h)s c
/s
Standard operati~g procedu re?
Mistreated Chicano workers lead strike against Partex
Since Septem ber 3, 1970, Partex workers , ot which 90 per cent
are Chicanos, have been on
s t r ike. The str ike was the only
alternative the workers had in
orde r to end mistreatment and
abuse by the company. For weeks
prior to the strike, the company,
in violation of the National Labor
Relations Act, tried to keep workers from organizing by threatening employees with loss of jobs
if they were to join a union. There
was also talk by the management
of closing down the plant if a
union were to be organized. The
e mployees were questioned about
their union activities by the management who spoke in a way to
discourage unionization. A week
prior to the strike, the company
went so far as to grant wage
increases and promotions deliberately timed to defeat selforganization among the employees.
COMENTARIO
ho backs Norman nov,?
The slip is beginning to show under Norman Baxter's •midi.•
When Baxter was selected by Dumke-Reagan and Co. many moderates at Fresno State College felt ~at he should be given a chance.
It has happened, Baxter had his chance and he bungled.
Last week, the local "yello~ press" had a headline saying •ctty
Leaders Back Baxter.• Anyone, reading on would quickly realize
who those leaders were.
John Garabedian, grower-shipper and member of the State Board
of Agriculture, backs Baxter.
Bob Eagan, Producers Cotton Oil, Co. backs Baxter.
Clare McGhan, Fresno County Farm Bureau, backs Baxter.
A. Hammerstrous, manager of Blake, Moffitt and Towne, backs
Baxter.
Murray Pagel, manager of Preferred Creditors Service, backs
Baxter.
Claude Lisle, president of the Exchange Club of North Fresno,
backs Baxter.
S, Samuel BoJhosian, sweetheart of labor, backs Baxter.
MUo Rowell, attorney, backs Baxter.
Leland Scott, of well-known reputation as alumni, backs Baxter.
Baby Norman, on the week of September 12, 1970, told a group of
Mexican-Americans and Chicanos that he wouldn't accept interfe~ence from •outsiders" on affairs of the college. On the week of
December 12_, Norman is busy goh. 6 from meetings of the Rotary
Club to meetings of the Optimist Club to meetings of the Exchange
Club of North Fresno, etc •.•
S me P.!30ple are allowed to interfere, even invited to do so when'ever 1''orman is in trouble, but some other people get arrested if they
try ll interfere in the •academic" affairs of Mr. Baxter's college.
It is tlme that people began a king themselves some questions
out who Baxter really works for. 11aybe his real job shoulu be
o
p li•~ ~el tions for the growers. We should ail realize by
th t coUc e- mo.terial nc i n' ., regardless of the lett rs of
mendation he is getting.
-Elie-2.er Risco-Lozada
In spite of all the company's
devious efforts to discourage a
union, the will and determination
of the people to better themselves
and their fa m i lies prevailed.
They demanded a decent wage increase, equal employment opportunities, and the protection of a
union shop. Partex Company was
defiant at the idea of the workers
making such demands. Partex
offered workers a contract that
was hardly better than the previous one and said if the workers
didn't like it they knew what they
could do. The only alternative to
continuous mistreatment was to
go on strike.
The workers sought help from
the news media to publicize the
reasons the workers had for going on strike. The company had
given its version of the strike
situation, which was totally false,
and the workers also wished to
give their side of the story. The
Fresno Bee refused towriteanything the strikers had to say.
There were many instances
in which we sought help from the
sheriff's department and the District Attorney's office. However,
we were denied any consideration. Yet, when the company
brought a complaint against the
strikers, the Sheriff's Department and the DA's office were
only too glad to be of service.
On one particular occasion a
certain sheriff's deputy, Sergeant
Arden, was called in by Partex
to investigate a rock-throwing
incident at 8 a.m. on Nov. 24
1970. Sergeant Arden arrived
nearly half an hour later, traveling at a high rate of speed. He
drove directly into the strikers
peacefully picketing in front of
Partex, braking and skidding before coming to a stop. If five of
the strikers had not jumped out
out of his path, they might have
,een seriously injured or even
killed. Arden then jumped out of
his car, waving his fist and shouting, "Get the hell out of here,
you rock-throwers, before I start
busting heads and shooting tear
gas. Don't think that I won't!"
The men, women and children
we re shocked and outraged at
such· conduct of a public servant
of the law. The strikers as a
whole were being convicted as
the wrongdoers, when in fact, the
rock-throwing was started by the
scab workers. One of the strikers
had asked a Burns guard working
for Partex to report the scabs
throwing rocks at the strikers.
The Burns guard then 'replied, "I
hope they kill you." All of this
was reported to the DA's office.
They said that they would investigate the matter. To this date,
the workers are still trying to get
a charge against the company.
On Oct. 21. 1970 a hearing was
held between the Chicano workers
of Partex and two Federal commissioners of the Equal Employment Opportunity Com mission.
The officers found many instances where the workers had been
wronged and exploited by Partex.
One former Partex worker, Bill
Rena, testified that Pat Elbert,
Partex manager, had said the
reason Partex hired Chicanos
for $1. 75 per hour and whites
at $2.25 per hour was that Mexicans come from the fields at adi me a dozen. and that it was
hard to retain a white worker on
the same job for the same pay.
At this hearing, it was also disclosed that Pat Elbert had shouted
to the Partex strikers, "Only two
Mexic-ans in every eight are any
good." The people at Partex also
said a worker having 15 years
seniority could be overlooked
promotion-wise if the company
favored another worker. usuatly
a less-experienced white. To this
date, the local and federal officials have only listened to our
complaints and charges, but have
done nothing on our behalf. It is
only through picketing and pleading for public support that we' re
gaining effective community r esponse. The ways in which the
strike has been effective are:
1. The great majority of the
workers, 130 of the 150 workers
walked off their jobs. This showed
the company that the people were
united in their just demands. Most
of the company's experienced
help is outside and will remain
outside, depriving Pa r tex of experienced help. some of the workers have 14 and 15 years experience.
2. The company , as reported
from inside sources, is constantly pressing for more production
from the swelled 200 scab labor
force. The 200 scab workers are
not performing the work that 130
strikers formerly produced. The
pickets outside are a constant
reminder to the scabs that scab
labor at Partex is only temporary, which keeps them from t_ak·
ing interest in a temporary Job.
3. Since the beginning of the
strike, the company has hired a
force of 24 men to guard-the plant
24 hours a day. The cost of maintaining such a force is treme_ndous. Partex, being very strict
with the guards, has fired and replaced many guards for accepting
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 3)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods _by
the fresno State College Associa·
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sef ester, $15 a year. Editorial of ice,
Keats Campus Building, telep~on:
487-2486. Business office, Col eg
Union 316, telephone 487-2266,
Opinions expressed in Daily Colle·
gian special editions are not neces·
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . John RamJr~:
Reporters . . . . . . . . . • Susana 8
Ofelia Garcia , Jess Marqu~:z,
Graciela Solis , Phyllis Marti:,
Inna Alvara o
72-hour vigil
marks religious
holiday in Aztlan
By Grace Solis
On Dec. 9, 1531, an Aztec Indian named Juan Diego left his
home in Mexico City, Mexico
for Mass. His destination was the
Franciscan Church of St. James
in Mexico City, where he was to
help with Saturday Mass.
Between his native village of
Cuantitlan and the Church was a
high hill named Tepeyac, When he
reached this hill a bright light
blinded him, and upon making the
Sign of the Cross, he saw a vision
of Our Lady of Guadalupe, or as
she is known to the Mexican people, La Virgen de Guadalupe. She
spoke to him and told him she
would like to see a church built
on that spot, and Juan was to
relay the wish to the Bishop.
The Bishop was reluctant to
build a church without a sign,
indicating the appearance of la
Virgen de Gu adalupe. Two days
later, Juan returned to the same
spot where he had s een La Virgen
and gave her the Bishop's reply.
She told him to go pick flowers
at a particular spot, even though
they were out of season and take
them to the Bishop. He obeyed,
wrapped the flowers in his cloak
and presented them to the Bishop.
When he opened the cloak, a picture of La Vi rgen de Guadalupe
was imprinted on it. A church,
which is now a basilica, was then
built on that spot. La Virgen de
Guadalupe was later declared the
patron saint and protector of the
Mexican people.
With this i n mind, on Dec. 9,
1970, Chi cano students at Fresno
State College began a vigil in
comme moration of La Virgen de
Guadalupe. The ceremony was a
religious celebration and not a
"live- in", "protest" , •Or "campin" as erroneously reported in
earlier arti cles. Candle-light
processions were held every·
night as the Ros ary was recited.
The s econdary purpose of the
Vigil was to express our sincere
belief in the non- violent methods
employed by Cesar Chavez ofthe
United Farm Workers Organizing
Committee (U FWOC ) in his struggle to bring s ocial justice to the
farmworker. Cesa r Chavez was
recently jailed because of his
failure to call off a boycott and
strike against Bud Antle , one of
the largest lettuce growers in the
Salinas area.
The 72-hour vigil re ceived
much support from students and
faculty. Saturday morning it end ed with a march to the F r esno
County Courthouse. Farmwor kers, students and representatives
from various community organi zations joined the march. which
numbered several hundred.
VIGI LIA-A los pies de la Virg en de Guadalu pe, e t ud iant es pa aron
tres dias y tres noches de vi g ili a, en apoyo a nu est r o lider Cesar
Chavez, Qui en ba io las manos de la I N JUSTI Cl I\ csta near clacJo.
LETTER
Boycott the hell out of them!
Thanks those who helped in vigil
The Chicano students on campus sincerely thank all the faculty, members of the Student Senate
and an students who loaned
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s and
brought food for us during the
vigil. The attitude on campus
was tremendous with administrators dropping in to visit and chat.
Food caravan
to Delano
The striking farmworkers of
the San Joaquin, Salinas, and
Imperial Valleys need the continuing support of students. There
is an immediate need for nonperishable food items: sacks of
flour, rice , beans and canned
goods. Blue Chip Stamps and cash
donations are also accepted. The
caravan will leave from the Convention Center parking lot, Saturday, December 19 at 9:00 a.m.
Everyone is welcome to join the
carava n. Tntertainment and refreshments will be offered at
Delano. Bring a sleeping bag and
plan to stay overnight.
If it is not possible for you to
go to Delano , food and donations
may be left at AZTLAN, 1407
N. Van Nes s , Fre s no from 4:306:00 p.m. weekdays and all day
Saturday. For more inform ation
or transportation call: Wanda
(209) 229- 61 08.
Razon
HUELGA!
AYUDANOS HERMANO, P ERO M AS AYU D.CffE,
YA BASTA LOS INSUL TOS, EL SU FRI M l EN TO
DE LA RAZA.
UNIIY.JS VENCEREMOS, Y DAR GRACI AS A DIOS
NUESTRA VIDA QUE QUEDA,
LA VIDA DE NUESTROS HtJOS,
SERA FELIZ y NO NOMAS LLENA DE SUFRIMIENTOS.
HULEGA, HUELGA!
TU LUCHA NO SERA POR NADA,
TU ESPERANZA ES TU DERECHO.
Tl _NES CAUSA Y RAZON.
HUELG~
Photo, by Oon Leli ■ ron ■ nd ~t v :::ion ■ no
L a vi9ili a tc rm ino el sabado, 12 d d i c i em bre con una marcha desde
I col eg ia has t a la
or t e d I ,ondado d F re sno. odos gritaban:
LI Bf NA HAV -z! C)UI: VI VA CHAV EZ!
HUELG, HUELGM
EIJRIQUE
Faculty along with a lot of stu dents stopped to express their
empathy on the vigil.
It was absolutely great to see
students stop and exchange ideas
on Chavez' unlon movement and
never have anyone lose their
cool. For the first time since
I've been in school, I saw aggies
and chicanos exchanging dialogue
and ideas without either side
losing their cool. It was hoped
that the vigil would bring about an
atmosphere of non-violence and
reason on campus. This type of
rational dialogue must be used
by all concerned parties if we are
to solve any problems on campus.
To those persons who loaned us
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s or
brought us warm food and haven't
picked up theirbelongings,everything is in San Ramon #2, Room
21. If you are missing anything,
please contact Jess Marquez at
the Daily Collegian office.
Again a sincere thanks to
everyone on campus, who helped
make the vigil a success.
Jess Marquez
Ces r Chavez has always advocated civil disobedience as a means
or protesting unjust or unwarrant ed laws. He is now being held in the
Monterey County jail as a result of his civil disobedience. After
24 hours in jail Cesar issues a statement saying that he was prepared for indefinite confinement. As we all know, Judge Campbell
ruled that Cesar would not be released until he calls off the boycott
against Bud Antle. Many also realize the necessity of bucking the
court order because of its unconstitutionality.
With the courts ruling in their favor, the Antle people probably
felt they had succeeded in crippling our movement and would not
have to sign a negotiated contract which covers the workers' needs.
Just before going to jail Cesar left word for us to "Boycott Bud Antle,
Boycott Dow, and Boycott the hell out of them- VIVA LA CAUSA !"
At this point it should be realized that the only way we'll be able
to free Cesar is through Antle's signing. All boycott activity should
be aimed at clipping Bud Antle's pocketbook and exposing Bud's
relationship with Dow Chemical.
This doesn't just stop with Antle's lettuce. Since ,Antle has tried
to hard to stop UFWOC, it is now a question of him or us. Our nonviolent movement will show its strength in the boycotting of ALL
Antle products.
Antle's celery , broccoli and artichokes should be stopped as well
as the lettuce.
Antle labels to look for and wipeoutare "BUD", "RICK" , •JADE",
and "ANCO•.
The sooner we stop Antle, the sooner Cesar will be freed.
BOYCOTT. the hell out of ANTL E and DOW!
-Reprinted from El Malcriado
December 15, 1970
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THE DAIL"¥ COLLEGIAN
4
I
Monday, December 14, 1970
Cesar Chavez on non-violence
Our conviction is that human
life and limb are a very special
possession given by God to man
and that no one has the right to
that that away, in any cause,
however just.
We also find that violence is
contagious; it is uncontrollable.
If we use it, then the opposition
is going to respond in kind and '
it is going to be escalated.
Also we are convinced that
non-violence is more powerful
than violence. We are convinced
that non-violence supports you
if you have a just and moral
cuase. Non-violence gives the
opportunity to stay on the offensive, which is of vital importance
to win any contest. Suppose we
are striking and the opponent
appears to be getting the best of
us and we resort to violence.
Then he will bring in other forces
and one of two things happens:
violence has to be escalated, or
there is total demoralization of
the workers. Non-violence works
in exactly the opposite manner:
when for every violent action
commttteed against us, we respond with non-violence, we tend
to attract people's support; we
have a chance 1Jf attracting other
people who are not involved because they are workers, but are
involved because they have a conscience and because they would
Teatro Campesino comes
to Fresno State College
I
rather see a non-violent solution
to things.
If you have no basis for nonviolence other than a strategy, a
tactic, then when it fails your
only alternative is completely the
reverse and that's violence. So
you have to balance the strategy
with a clear understanding of what
you are doing. However important
the struggle is and however much
misery and poverty and degradation exist, we know that it cannot
be more important than one hum an life. That's baste. Second,
we operate on the theory that men
who are involved and truly concerned about people are not by
nature violent. If they were violent they couldn't have the love
and that concern for people. That
sort of man becomes violent when
that deep concern he has for
people is frustrated, when he's
faced with overwhelming odds
against what he is trying to do.
Then sometimes he feels that violence is really a short-cut or a
sort of miracle to end everything and bring about a solution.
We don't want to get into that
trap.
Las Adelitas are sponsoring a
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D.
F. are making their first Caliunique performance of both El
Teatro Campesino de Aztlan and
fornia tour and Las Adelitas
have made special arrangements
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D,F .,
at the FSC Little Theatre on
to have Los Mascarones perform
Wednesday, Dec. 16, 1970, at
Wednesday night. This is the
7:30 p.m. Admission for this fund
only opportunity that the FSC
raising event is $2 per person.
community will have to see this
Las Adelitas are raising funds
dramatic and eiciting company
for a special and timely purpose
perform on campus.
which will be announced at the
Los Mascarones are a rare
performance.
experience for U.S. audiences.
The Wednesday night perforTheir unique style in presenting
mance marks the first time that
an intriguing history and an even
The present political atmothe play "'Bernabe" wm be gensphere at Fresno State College
erally available to the Fresno
exhibits all the char ..1cteristics of
public. "'Bernabe," written and
the destruction of democracy
directed by Luis Valdez, ls perthrough the tyrannical means emformed by El Teatro Campesino.
ployed hy the administration, as
The play was originally scheduled
is evident by th~ political executo premier at FSC during early
tions manifested through its
May hut the on-campus perforpurges. Since the beginning of
mance was canceled when Goverlast semester. faculty and stunor Ronald Reagan panicked anc1
dents who have attempted toperclosed all the state college campeluate a spirit of justice, whethpuses.
er they were red, white or blue,
El Teatro Campesino recently
have heen terminated or eliminperformed •Bernabe" at the Inner
ated.
more important present leaves
City Cultural Center in Los An- 1
one fascinated. This extraordingeles and was acclaimed by the
The present tyrannical adminary group developed from the stuLos Angeles area critics. Dan
istration has been suspicious of
dent movement in Mexico in 10GB
Sullivan, L.A. Ti mes Theatre
any activity which has brought
and has continued to expand into
critic write: (L.A. Times, Nov.
students and faculty together.
the professional troupe of today.
3, 1970):
Efforts to develop relevant eduLos Masc.trones will he pre"'Is there anywhere a group of
cational curriculum have heen
senting "The Flight of Quetzalactors more in touch with themcoatl", a dramatlc poem taken
selves and the basic realities of
from the Codice and manuscript
theater than these? A board and
of Cuautitlan and the Mexican
a passion is almost literally all
lyrics that exist in the National
they have to offer, yet the results
Library. The poem was translatmake most big-city theater seem
ed from the Nahuatl by Dr. Angel
skimpy.
M. Garibay and adapted for the
Who are the real sophisticates
(Continued from Page 2)
theater by Mariano Leyva, the
here? Luis Valdez's troupe have
food
or drink from the strikers,
Director of Los Mascarones.
instinctively the moves that other
and talking and sympathizing with
Quetzalcoatl is one of the most
actors couldn't get after three
the strikers.
extraordinary characters of the
years with the Alexander techNahuatl
Culture.
His
life
unfolds
4. Even though the strike has
nique. They can impose their
before the coming of the Spancaused the shut-down of various
rhythm - very fast - on an
iards to Tenochittlan. The date
departments producing various
audience, just like that. They can
873 of our age is given (5 House
products, Partex continues to
go from naturalism to surrealism
of the Aztec Calendar) when the
operate. On several occasions the
and make you see that each is
Toltecas, inhabitants of Tollan
strikers saw large amounts of
a part of something bigger.
(today Tula Hidalgo) brought
new products being brought to
What they present is not just
Qµetzalcoatl to reign among
Partex to be sold as rebuilt to
a theatrical style but a life-style
them. He is considered a cultural
wider and wiser than pursued by
their customers. This was the
hero who taught the Toltecas the
practice of Partex on rare ocmany in their audience - a style
1
arts: feather work, jewelry,
casions when it had more orders
symbolized by their favorite
sculpture, architecture, goldthan it could supply. Orders have
word, "'corazon."
smithing, etc. He also was conbeen cancelled instead because of
•Bernabe" was at first a realsidered a god in different repreinability to supply. One company
istic and very funy study of a vilsentations: Ehecatl •.• God of
lage simpleton (accepted by the
official admitted to Mr. Henry
Wind, God of Maguey; Tezcatlivillage as he would not be in the
Rodriguez that the company's
poca .•. God of Knowledge, etc.
best workers were outside and
big city) which then shaded into
One day he disappeared toward
that the 200 scab workers were
a kind of apotheosis of "Chicanthe East, according to the legend,
ismo. •
mot producing as much as the
encircled in flames in a boat of
130 strikers used to produce.
Some seeming contradiction in
serpents which he had made. It is
He also added that he did not
the latter - Death as at once the
told that he left because he degrim reaper and the loving mothknow why Partex would not sign
fied the penitence and sacrificial
a union shop contract. The comer - were obviously not so to
ritual which he himself taught,
pany. always complaining it canthe company nor to those who
after
intoxicating himself with the
not afford to provide decent
could understand all of Luis Valmaguey which had been discovdez' Spanish-English text. This
wages, is certainly proving that
ered during this period; in the
group has so much to teach us
it is more than capable of good
presence of his vassals.
that it's a pity Los Angeles apwages, judging from the tremenThe performance at the FSC
pearances ar~ so sporadic."
dous expense it is undertaking in
Little Theatre on Wednesday,
an attempt to break the strike.
Dec. 16, offers a remarkable
Since Partex continues to deny
opportunity to see the foremost
its former employees their legal
theater groups in both the Chirights, there is great need for
cano movement and the Mexican
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
community support in boycotting
student movement, and to exam$160 or $45 person. 439.6481
Partex products. The effectiveine the stmilaritie~.-- the conness of a boycott was demonstrattrasts, and the vitality- of El
1 B,R Furn. Apt.across from FSC
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Teatro campesino and Los Mas$110 per mo. 229-2650
' farmworkers. Cesar Chavez.
carones.
FREE CHAVEZ
Chicanos and Campesinos
march in support of Chavez
•r Viva la Virgen de Guadalupe!", "Free Chavez!", "Boycott lettuce!", and other similar
yells
resounded through the
streets of Fresno as 200 Chicanos marched from Fresno State
College to the County Courthouse
last Saturday.
The march to the courthouse
climaxed the three-day vigil at
FSC. The march was not attended by students alone. Farmworkers and community people
marched also to demonstrate
their support of the students in
their non-violent stand on the lmprisonm ent of Cesar Chavez.
At 10 a.m. Saturday, campesinos and students began gathering in the Free Speech Area.
Many of these people had not left
the site of the vigil since it had
begun Wednesday morning. The
camp was broken up and the
march began with the Virgen de
Guadalupe leading. The march
was attended by 200 Chavez supporters.
At the courthouse a short rally
was held. Several people spokE:
on the imprisonment of Chavez
and the lettuce boycott. Father
Lopez, a priest from a local
church gave a short talk on Chavez and his non-violent actions,
Several students spoke on the
students' involvement in La
Huelga. Among these students
were Cres and Patricio Hernandez and Raul Pickett. Mrs. Jesse
De La Cruz, a farmworker, spoke
on the lettuce boycott. She reminded the people that the only
way Chavez will be freed is if
Antle signs a contract. Therefore, she asked everyone to work
for La Huelga, find out where
they are selling scab lettuce and
boycott them. Boycott them until
Chavez is freed:
.
Chicanos on provisional government
Partex
Want Ad_s
shut down as was seen with the
destruction o · La Raza Studies,
Black Studies. E.O.P., and the
curtailment of the experimental
college. The presence of fully
riot-equipped officers furing the
first Free Speech rally held on
this campus in September and the
recent incident of the ust> of steel
plates, connotes the administration's efforts to destroy collective confidence and tru5l within
the general campus com"">l'nity.
What has occurred? There has
been a division and. polarization on this campus. and we continue to allow the tyranny imposed
by the administration to persist
unchallenged.
Our student gov('rnment has
been and remains immobile. and
continues to allow the destruction
of democracy to occur.
It is at present institutionally
connected to the administration of
the college, and has not operated
directly in the interest of the students. It ·s immobility is impaired
by its bureaucratic structure,
permitting final control by the administration.
We need a student government
that will have the autonomy and
courage to challenge the arrogant
misuse of power and democratically function by and Jor all the
students at Fresno State College.
Chicano students see this potential in the establishment ofthe
provisional student government.
With the combined efforts of the
entire campus . this may be the
vehicle that will bring democracy to Fresno StatP College.
Chavez was imprisoned by the
large interests who know that the
boycott will eventually force even
the largest tyrant to yield to the
just demands of the workers. It
is the public in general who justly
decides whether the reasons for
a boycott merit its support or not.
It is because the large intBrests
know that they have no legal or
monetary control over the public's decision that they fear boycotting the most. It was because of
Chavez's appeal to the public in
general for help that he was put
in jail and not because of any
violation of the law.
The striking workers of Partex
are now appealing to the public
for support. Please don't buy
Partex products. Partex Corp.
at 4661 E. Commerce in Fresno
is a rehuilder of auto parts such
as starters, generators. and
o~her auto parts. Ask your auto
parts dealer if any of the parts
he sells are rebuilt by Partex.
To this date, nearly three and
a half months since the strike
began. Partex has refused to even
talk about a fair contract. The
company has gone so far as to
retract all previous offers and
said that everyone has been permanentlv repla<'ed, Partex has
given n~ consideration to loyal
workers who have been with the
company for 15 years. The company operates under ruthless
management which does not want
to realize its workers are human
beings demanding only what is
rightfully theirs.
The concern and help many students from Fresno state and
Fresno City College have given
us has greatly lifted the spirits
of the Partex strikers. The strik ers of Partex depply appreciate
the involvement of the students
and community on the picket line.
This has served to show Partex
Company and all those companies
in general who deny workers fair
and equal treatment at work. that
the communitv is involved and
will not stand. for the mistreatment of its people.
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~
MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1970
SLAVE CONDITIONS
Suffering of farm workers
caused by dehumanization
Lookln clo. ly . t th f C of
·truggl in which our f, rm
work r ' tm1011 i
c n plainly
hav known pain. acrifi · and
sum rln '• I· roll! wh •re and whom
did th,
el rnents , ris ?
The sulferlng has alway l n
ca11s <1 hy thos gr edy barbarians wlio r fu e to
fa rm workers as hum" n men, women nd
children. The Bud Antle-Dow
Chemical coalition may be a good
example. This pair seems to
have no con~cience re dily exploiting and destroying human
life to make money. We have
heard the word EXPLOIT so often that many of u take it lightth
Chavez pledges
escalation of
lettuce boycott
"I'm prepared to pay the price for civil
disobedience. I was spiritually prepared
for this confinement."
----Message from Cesar Chavez, December 5, 1970, from his Salinas jail eel I
where he is confined until the lettuce boycott is over.
Ford Foundation awards $225,000 grant
to aid UFWOC service centers for migrants
The Ford Foundation has announced it has awarded three
grants totaling nearly $1 million
to a.id migrant farm workers and
minority groups.
A $225,000 grant went to the
Center for Community Change in
Washington. D.C. to help finance
seven service centers established by United Farm Workers
Organizing Committee leader
Cesar Chavez. Chavez is currently imprisoned in Salinas for
refusal to end a lettuce boycott
against Bud Angle Farms.
The Connecticut Housing Investment Fund and the League of
Cities-Conference of Mayors
were the recipients of the other
grants. The Connecticut Housing
Investment Fund
received
$200,000 to expand an equal housing opportunity program, and the
LCCM received $560,000 to continue on-the-job training programs for minorities.
SALINAS (UPI) - Jailed farm
labor leader Cesar Chavez Saturday promised to "escalate"
the nationwide boycott against
lettuce produced by a grower who
refuses to sign a contract with
his United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC),
AFL-CIO.
Chavez told hundreds of Mexican American field workers and
other supporters who filed i.1to
the Monterey County Jail during
visiting hours that a secret Friday meeting between UFWOC and
grower Bud Angle was •fruitless,"
The meeting was arranged by a
mediating committee of three
clergymen in an attempt to end
the long union jurisdictional dispute which led to the UFWOCsponsored boycott of Bud Angle,
Inc., lettuce.
Chavez, who was jailed Dec. 4
for refusing to obey a court injunction against the hoycott. received a telegram of support
Saturday from Mrs. 1artin Luther King, Jr.
Bud Antle, Inc., a major grower
in the Salinas Valley •salad
bowl," consistently has refused
to scrap an old contract with
the Teamsters Union to sign with
Chavez, UFWOC.
Representatives of the independent Teamsters and the AFLCIO joined in Friday's meeting
with UFWOC representative Delores Huerta and Bud and Robert
Antle,
The med 1 a ti on committee
chairman, the Rev. Eugene Boyle,
did not indicate whether further
meetings would be held.
ly. In examinin the Antle-Dow
creed of gettin rich off men's
w , t nd pan it mnk
you want
to vomit blood. Dow's napalm
gam doesn't e m so tar away
when you consider that along with
the oth r p stlcide manufacturers and grow rs like Antle, they
contribute to the yearly pesticide
poisoning of over 80,000 people.
When tallying the profits, they
never think of the deaths, rashes
and burns of the people in the
fields caused by these dangerous
pesticides.
The lack of union protection has
added to the suffering of farm
workers. Farm workers do the
back-breaking work on land which
feeds tMs country and much of
the world. A great tragedy lies
in the fact that these same workers not only have to labor under
the most adverse conditions (includinp; poisonous pesticides), but
must many times go home and
face hungry children. Farm
workers carry scars from futile
attempts to unify in the past, attempts which were always marred and torn by violence. The
experience of giving of self so
that others would no longer have
to suffer has always been ours.
Farm workers, as you can plainly see, know pain, suffering and
sacrifice.
UFWOC victories in the grape
fields have given farm workers
everywhere a new ray of hope.
The beauty of this Ues in knowing
that this hope can never fade
from our sight. Cesar Chavez,
a man whose face shows years
o! pain, sacrifice, suffering and
new hope, is responsible for the
nonviolent movement of farm
workers throughout the state,
the country, and the world. The
poet Alurtsta wrote, •Nonviolent
acts are rooted in our relationship with courage." Cesar Chavez and throusands o!farm workers have this courage and dedication deeply rooted in our
hearts. So firmly re these roots
planted that boys like Bud and Dow
will not be ble to toy with hum n
lives mu h longer.
The eyes of the farm worker '
struggle reflect like mirrors.
Looking into them we should all
be able to s
th t neither UFWOC
nor Ces r Chavez should be
placed on trial or put in Jatl.
Rather, It should e hose mon y
worshippers who ar
uuty of
keepin f rm
or ers un de
slave co ditlons and who are trying to block our union's tempt
to give str n h o the nation'
farm workers.
-Reprinted from El Maler! do
D cem r 15, 1 70
This edition is dedicated to Cesar Chavez
and the struggle of all Chicanos for justice and equality
2
THE.- bAILY COLLEGI.AN
Monday, December 14, 191v
E-NOL\~\-\
l) e Pl\ .-a.'T'P\ENT
SAr'\h)s c
/s
Standard operati~g procedu re?
Mistreated Chicano workers lead strike against Partex
Since Septem ber 3, 1970, Partex workers , ot which 90 per cent
are Chicanos, have been on
s t r ike. The str ike was the only
alternative the workers had in
orde r to end mistreatment and
abuse by the company. For weeks
prior to the strike, the company,
in violation of the National Labor
Relations Act, tried to keep workers from organizing by threatening employees with loss of jobs
if they were to join a union. There
was also talk by the management
of closing down the plant if a
union were to be organized. The
e mployees were questioned about
their union activities by the management who spoke in a way to
discourage unionization. A week
prior to the strike, the company
went so far as to grant wage
increases and promotions deliberately timed to defeat selforganization among the employees.
COMENTARIO
ho backs Norman nov,?
The slip is beginning to show under Norman Baxter's •midi.•
When Baxter was selected by Dumke-Reagan and Co. many moderates at Fresno State College felt ~at he should be given a chance.
It has happened, Baxter had his chance and he bungled.
Last week, the local "yello~ press" had a headline saying •ctty
Leaders Back Baxter.• Anyone, reading on would quickly realize
who those leaders were.
John Garabedian, grower-shipper and member of the State Board
of Agriculture, backs Baxter.
Bob Eagan, Producers Cotton Oil, Co. backs Baxter.
Clare McGhan, Fresno County Farm Bureau, backs Baxter.
A. Hammerstrous, manager of Blake, Moffitt and Towne, backs
Baxter.
Murray Pagel, manager of Preferred Creditors Service, backs
Baxter.
Claude Lisle, president of the Exchange Club of North Fresno,
backs Baxter.
S, Samuel BoJhosian, sweetheart of labor, backs Baxter.
MUo Rowell, attorney, backs Baxter.
Leland Scott, of well-known reputation as alumni, backs Baxter.
Baby Norman, on the week of September 12, 1970, told a group of
Mexican-Americans and Chicanos that he wouldn't accept interfe~ence from •outsiders" on affairs of the college. On the week of
December 12_, Norman is busy goh. 6 from meetings of the Rotary
Club to meetings of the Optimist Club to meetings of the Exchange
Club of North Fresno, etc •.•
S me P.!30ple are allowed to interfere, even invited to do so when'ever 1''orman is in trouble, but some other people get arrested if they
try ll interfere in the •academic" affairs of Mr. Baxter's college.
It is tlme that people began a king themselves some questions
out who Baxter really works for. 11aybe his real job shoulu be
o
p li•~ ~el tions for the growers. We should ail realize by
th t coUc e- mo.terial nc i n' ., regardless of the lett rs of
mendation he is getting.
-Elie-2.er Risco-Lozada
In spite of all the company's
devious efforts to discourage a
union, the will and determination
of the people to better themselves
and their fa m i lies prevailed.
They demanded a decent wage increase, equal employment opportunities, and the protection of a
union shop. Partex Company was
defiant at the idea of the workers
making such demands. Partex
offered workers a contract that
was hardly better than the previous one and said if the workers
didn't like it they knew what they
could do. The only alternative to
continuous mistreatment was to
go on strike.
The workers sought help from
the news media to publicize the
reasons the workers had for going on strike. The company had
given its version of the strike
situation, which was totally false,
and the workers also wished to
give their side of the story. The
Fresno Bee refused towriteanything the strikers had to say.
There were many instances
in which we sought help from the
sheriff's department and the District Attorney's office. However,
we were denied any consideration. Yet, when the company
brought a complaint against the
strikers, the Sheriff's Department and the DA's office were
only too glad to be of service.
On one particular occasion a
certain sheriff's deputy, Sergeant
Arden, was called in by Partex
to investigate a rock-throwing
incident at 8 a.m. on Nov. 24
1970. Sergeant Arden arrived
nearly half an hour later, traveling at a high rate of speed. He
drove directly into the strikers
peacefully picketing in front of
Partex, braking and skidding before coming to a stop. If five of
the strikers had not jumped out
out of his path, they might have
,een seriously injured or even
killed. Arden then jumped out of
his car, waving his fist and shouting, "Get the hell out of here,
you rock-throwers, before I start
busting heads and shooting tear
gas. Don't think that I won't!"
The men, women and children
we re shocked and outraged at
such· conduct of a public servant
of the law. The strikers as a
whole were being convicted as
the wrongdoers, when in fact, the
rock-throwing was started by the
scab workers. One of the strikers
had asked a Burns guard working
for Partex to report the scabs
throwing rocks at the strikers.
The Burns guard then 'replied, "I
hope they kill you." All of this
was reported to the DA's office.
They said that they would investigate the matter. To this date,
the workers are still trying to get
a charge against the company.
On Oct. 21. 1970 a hearing was
held between the Chicano workers
of Partex and two Federal commissioners of the Equal Employment Opportunity Com mission.
The officers found many instances where the workers had been
wronged and exploited by Partex.
One former Partex worker, Bill
Rena, testified that Pat Elbert,
Partex manager, had said the
reason Partex hired Chicanos
for $1. 75 per hour and whites
at $2.25 per hour was that Mexicans come from the fields at adi me a dozen. and that it was
hard to retain a white worker on
the same job for the same pay.
At this hearing, it was also disclosed that Pat Elbert had shouted
to the Partex strikers, "Only two
Mexic-ans in every eight are any
good." The people at Partex also
said a worker having 15 years
seniority could be overlooked
promotion-wise if the company
favored another worker. usuatly
a less-experienced white. To this
date, the local and federal officials have only listened to our
complaints and charges, but have
done nothing on our behalf. It is
only through picketing and pleading for public support that we' re
gaining effective community r esponse. The ways in which the
strike has been effective are:
1. The great majority of the
workers, 130 of the 150 workers
walked off their jobs. This showed
the company that the people were
united in their just demands. Most
of the company's experienced
help is outside and will remain
outside, depriving Pa r tex of experienced help. some of the workers have 14 and 15 years experience.
2. The company , as reported
from inside sources, is constantly pressing for more production
from the swelled 200 scab labor
force. The 200 scab workers are
not performing the work that 130
strikers formerly produced. The
pickets outside are a constant
reminder to the scabs that scab
labor at Partex is only temporary, which keeps them from t_ak·
ing interest in a temporary Job.
3. Since the beginning of the
strike, the company has hired a
force of 24 men to guard-the plant
24 hours a day. The cost of maintaining such a force is treme_ndous. Partex, being very strict
with the guards, has fired and replaced many guards for accepting
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 3)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods _by
the fresno State College Associa·
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sef ester, $15 a year. Editorial of ice,
Keats Campus Building, telep~on:
487-2486. Business office, Col eg
Union 316, telephone 487-2266,
Opinions expressed in Daily Colle·
gian special editions are not neces·
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . John RamJr~:
Reporters . . . . . . . . . • Susana 8
Ofelia Garcia , Jess Marqu~:z,
Graciela Solis , Phyllis Marti:,
Inna Alvara o
72-hour vigil
marks religious
holiday in Aztlan
By Grace Solis
On Dec. 9, 1531, an Aztec Indian named Juan Diego left his
home in Mexico City, Mexico
for Mass. His destination was the
Franciscan Church of St. James
in Mexico City, where he was to
help with Saturday Mass.
Between his native village of
Cuantitlan and the Church was a
high hill named Tepeyac, When he
reached this hill a bright light
blinded him, and upon making the
Sign of the Cross, he saw a vision
of Our Lady of Guadalupe, or as
she is known to the Mexican people, La Virgen de Guadalupe. She
spoke to him and told him she
would like to see a church built
on that spot, and Juan was to
relay the wish to the Bishop.
The Bishop was reluctant to
build a church without a sign,
indicating the appearance of la
Virgen de Gu adalupe. Two days
later, Juan returned to the same
spot where he had s een La Virgen
and gave her the Bishop's reply.
She told him to go pick flowers
at a particular spot, even though
they were out of season and take
them to the Bishop. He obeyed,
wrapped the flowers in his cloak
and presented them to the Bishop.
When he opened the cloak, a picture of La Vi rgen de Guadalupe
was imprinted on it. A church,
which is now a basilica, was then
built on that spot. La Virgen de
Guadalupe was later declared the
patron saint and protector of the
Mexican people.
With this i n mind, on Dec. 9,
1970, Chi cano students at Fresno
State College began a vigil in
comme moration of La Virgen de
Guadalupe. The ceremony was a
religious celebration and not a
"live- in", "protest" , •Or "campin" as erroneously reported in
earlier arti cles. Candle-light
processions were held every·
night as the Ros ary was recited.
The s econdary purpose of the
Vigil was to express our sincere
belief in the non- violent methods
employed by Cesar Chavez ofthe
United Farm Workers Organizing
Committee (U FWOC ) in his struggle to bring s ocial justice to the
farmworker. Cesa r Chavez was
recently jailed because of his
failure to call off a boycott and
strike against Bud Antle , one of
the largest lettuce growers in the
Salinas area.
The 72-hour vigil re ceived
much support from students and
faculty. Saturday morning it end ed with a march to the F r esno
County Courthouse. Farmwor kers, students and representatives
from various community organi zations joined the march. which
numbered several hundred.
VIGI LIA-A los pies de la Virg en de Guadalu pe, e t ud iant es pa aron
tres dias y tres noches de vi g ili a, en apoyo a nu est r o lider Cesar
Chavez, Qui en ba io las manos de la I N JUSTI Cl I\ csta near clacJo.
LETTER
Boycott the hell out of them!
Thanks those who helped in vigil
The Chicano students on campus sincerely thank all the faculty, members of the Student Senate
and an students who loaned
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s and
brought food for us during the
vigil. The attitude on campus
was tremendous with administrators dropping in to visit and chat.
Food caravan
to Delano
The striking farmworkers of
the San Joaquin, Salinas, and
Imperial Valleys need the continuing support of students. There
is an immediate need for nonperishable food items: sacks of
flour, rice , beans and canned
goods. Blue Chip Stamps and cash
donations are also accepted. The
caravan will leave from the Convention Center parking lot, Saturday, December 19 at 9:00 a.m.
Everyone is welcome to join the
carava n. Tntertainment and refreshments will be offered at
Delano. Bring a sleeping bag and
plan to stay overnight.
If it is not possible for you to
go to Delano , food and donations
may be left at AZTLAN, 1407
N. Van Nes s , Fre s no from 4:306:00 p.m. weekdays and all day
Saturday. For more inform ation
or transportation call: Wanda
(209) 229- 61 08.
Razon
HUELGA!
AYUDANOS HERMANO, P ERO M AS AYU D.CffE,
YA BASTA LOS INSUL TOS, EL SU FRI M l EN TO
DE LA RAZA.
UNIIY.JS VENCEREMOS, Y DAR GRACI AS A DIOS
NUESTRA VIDA QUE QUEDA,
LA VIDA DE NUESTROS HtJOS,
SERA FELIZ y NO NOMAS LLENA DE SUFRIMIENTOS.
HULEGA, HUELGA!
TU LUCHA NO SERA POR NADA,
TU ESPERANZA ES TU DERECHO.
Tl _NES CAUSA Y RAZON.
HUELG~
Photo, by Oon Leli ■ ron ■ nd ~t v :::ion ■ no
L a vi9ili a tc rm ino el sabado, 12 d d i c i em bre con una marcha desde
I col eg ia has t a la
or t e d I ,ondado d F re sno. odos gritaban:
LI Bf NA HAV -z! C)UI: VI VA CHAV EZ!
HUELG, HUELGM
EIJRIQUE
Faculty along with a lot of stu dents stopped to express their
empathy on the vigil.
It was absolutely great to see
students stop and exchange ideas
on Chavez' unlon movement and
never have anyone lose their
cool. For the first time since
I've been in school, I saw aggies
and chicanos exchanging dialogue
and ideas without either side
losing their cool. It was hoped
that the vigil would bring about an
atmosphere of non-violence and
reason on campus. This type of
rational dialogue must be used
by all concerned parties if we are
to solve any problems on campus.
To those persons who loaned us
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s or
brought us warm food and haven't
picked up theirbelongings,everything is in San Ramon #2, Room
21. If you are missing anything,
please contact Jess Marquez at
the Daily Collegian office.
Again a sincere thanks to
everyone on campus, who helped
make the vigil a success.
Jess Marquez
Ces r Chavez has always advocated civil disobedience as a means
or protesting unjust or unwarrant ed laws. He is now being held in the
Monterey County jail as a result of his civil disobedience. After
24 hours in jail Cesar issues a statement saying that he was prepared for indefinite confinement. As we all know, Judge Campbell
ruled that Cesar would not be released until he calls off the boycott
against Bud Antle. Many also realize the necessity of bucking the
court order because of its unconstitutionality.
With the courts ruling in their favor, the Antle people probably
felt they had succeeded in crippling our movement and would not
have to sign a negotiated contract which covers the workers' needs.
Just before going to jail Cesar left word for us to "Boycott Bud Antle,
Boycott Dow, and Boycott the hell out of them- VIVA LA CAUSA !"
At this point it should be realized that the only way we'll be able
to free Cesar is through Antle's signing. All boycott activity should
be aimed at clipping Bud Antle's pocketbook and exposing Bud's
relationship with Dow Chemical.
This doesn't just stop with Antle's lettuce. Since ,Antle has tried
to hard to stop UFWOC, it is now a question of him or us. Our nonviolent movement will show its strength in the boycotting of ALL
Antle products.
Antle's celery , broccoli and artichokes should be stopped as well
as the lettuce.
Antle labels to look for and wipeoutare "BUD", "RICK" , •JADE",
and "ANCO•.
The sooner we stop Antle, the sooner Cesar will be freed.
BOYCOTT. the hell out of ANTL E and DOW!
-Reprinted from El Malcriado
December 15, 1970
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IJ.,
THE DAIL"¥ COLLEGIAN
4
I
Monday, December 14, 1970
Cesar Chavez on non-violence
Our conviction is that human
life and limb are a very special
possession given by God to man
and that no one has the right to
that that away, in any cause,
however just.
We also find that violence is
contagious; it is uncontrollable.
If we use it, then the opposition
is going to respond in kind and '
it is going to be escalated.
Also we are convinced that
non-violence is more powerful
than violence. We are convinced
that non-violence supports you
if you have a just and moral
cuase. Non-violence gives the
opportunity to stay on the offensive, which is of vital importance
to win any contest. Suppose we
are striking and the opponent
appears to be getting the best of
us and we resort to violence.
Then he will bring in other forces
and one of two things happens:
violence has to be escalated, or
there is total demoralization of
the workers. Non-violence works
in exactly the opposite manner:
when for every violent action
commttteed against us, we respond with non-violence, we tend
to attract people's support; we
have a chance 1Jf attracting other
people who are not involved because they are workers, but are
involved because they have a conscience and because they would
Teatro Campesino comes
to Fresno State College
I
rather see a non-violent solution
to things.
If you have no basis for nonviolence other than a strategy, a
tactic, then when it fails your
only alternative is completely the
reverse and that's violence. So
you have to balance the strategy
with a clear understanding of what
you are doing. However important
the struggle is and however much
misery and poverty and degradation exist, we know that it cannot
be more important than one hum an life. That's baste. Second,
we operate on the theory that men
who are involved and truly concerned about people are not by
nature violent. If they were violent they couldn't have the love
and that concern for people. That
sort of man becomes violent when
that deep concern he has for
people is frustrated, when he's
faced with overwhelming odds
against what he is trying to do.
Then sometimes he feels that violence is really a short-cut or a
sort of miracle to end everything and bring about a solution.
We don't want to get into that
trap.
Las Adelitas are sponsoring a
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D.
F. are making their first Caliunique performance of both El
Teatro Campesino de Aztlan and
fornia tour and Las Adelitas
have made special arrangements
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D,F .,
at the FSC Little Theatre on
to have Los Mascarones perform
Wednesday, Dec. 16, 1970, at
Wednesday night. This is the
7:30 p.m. Admission for this fund
only opportunity that the FSC
raising event is $2 per person.
community will have to see this
Las Adelitas are raising funds
dramatic and eiciting company
for a special and timely purpose
perform on campus.
which will be announced at the
Los Mascarones are a rare
performance.
experience for U.S. audiences.
The Wednesday night perforTheir unique style in presenting
mance marks the first time that
an intriguing history and an even
The present political atmothe play "'Bernabe" wm be gensphere at Fresno State College
erally available to the Fresno
exhibits all the char ..1cteristics of
public. "'Bernabe," written and
the destruction of democracy
directed by Luis Valdez, ls perthrough the tyrannical means emformed by El Teatro Campesino.
ployed hy the administration, as
The play was originally scheduled
is evident by th~ political executo premier at FSC during early
tions manifested through its
May hut the on-campus perforpurges. Since the beginning of
mance was canceled when Goverlast semester. faculty and stunor Ronald Reagan panicked anc1
dents who have attempted toperclosed all the state college campeluate a spirit of justice, whethpuses.
er they were red, white or blue,
El Teatro Campesino recently
have heen terminated or eliminperformed •Bernabe" at the Inner
ated.
more important present leaves
City Cultural Center in Los An- 1
one fascinated. This extraordingeles and was acclaimed by the
The present tyrannical adminary group developed from the stuLos Angeles area critics. Dan
istration has been suspicious of
dent movement in Mexico in 10GB
Sullivan, L.A. Ti mes Theatre
any activity which has brought
and has continued to expand into
critic write: (L.A. Times, Nov.
students and faculty together.
the professional troupe of today.
3, 1970):
Efforts to develop relevant eduLos Masc.trones will he pre"'Is there anywhere a group of
cational curriculum have heen
senting "The Flight of Quetzalactors more in touch with themcoatl", a dramatlc poem taken
selves and the basic realities of
from the Codice and manuscript
theater than these? A board and
of Cuautitlan and the Mexican
a passion is almost literally all
lyrics that exist in the National
they have to offer, yet the results
Library. The poem was translatmake most big-city theater seem
ed from the Nahuatl by Dr. Angel
skimpy.
M. Garibay and adapted for the
Who are the real sophisticates
(Continued from Page 2)
theater by Mariano Leyva, the
here? Luis Valdez's troupe have
food
or drink from the strikers,
Director of Los Mascarones.
instinctively the moves that other
and talking and sympathizing with
Quetzalcoatl is one of the most
actors couldn't get after three
the strikers.
extraordinary characters of the
years with the Alexander techNahuatl
Culture.
His
life
unfolds
4. Even though the strike has
nique. They can impose their
before the coming of the Spancaused the shut-down of various
rhythm - very fast - on an
iards to Tenochittlan. The date
departments producing various
audience, just like that. They can
873 of our age is given (5 House
products, Partex continues to
go from naturalism to surrealism
of the Aztec Calendar) when the
operate. On several occasions the
and make you see that each is
Toltecas, inhabitants of Tollan
strikers saw large amounts of
a part of something bigger.
(today Tula Hidalgo) brought
new products being brought to
What they present is not just
Qµetzalcoatl to reign among
Partex to be sold as rebuilt to
a theatrical style but a life-style
them. He is considered a cultural
wider and wiser than pursued by
their customers. This was the
hero who taught the Toltecas the
practice of Partex on rare ocmany in their audience - a style
1
arts: feather work, jewelry,
casions when it had more orders
symbolized by their favorite
sculpture, architecture, goldthan it could supply. Orders have
word, "'corazon."
smithing, etc. He also was conbeen cancelled instead because of
•Bernabe" was at first a realsidered a god in different repreinability to supply. One company
istic and very funy study of a vilsentations: Ehecatl •.• God of
lage simpleton (accepted by the
official admitted to Mr. Henry
Wind, God of Maguey; Tezcatlivillage as he would not be in the
Rodriguez that the company's
poca .•. God of Knowledge, etc.
best workers were outside and
big city) which then shaded into
One day he disappeared toward
that the 200 scab workers were
a kind of apotheosis of "Chicanthe East, according to the legend,
ismo. •
mot producing as much as the
encircled in flames in a boat of
130 strikers used to produce.
Some seeming contradiction in
serpents which he had made. It is
He also added that he did not
the latter - Death as at once the
told that he left because he degrim reaper and the loving mothknow why Partex would not sign
fied the penitence and sacrificial
a union shop contract. The comer - were obviously not so to
ritual which he himself taught,
pany. always complaining it canthe company nor to those who
after
intoxicating himself with the
not afford to provide decent
could understand all of Luis Valmaguey which had been discovdez' Spanish-English text. This
wages, is certainly proving that
ered during this period; in the
group has so much to teach us
it is more than capable of good
presence of his vassals.
that it's a pity Los Angeles apwages, judging from the tremenThe performance at the FSC
pearances ar~ so sporadic."
dous expense it is undertaking in
Little Theatre on Wednesday,
an attempt to break the strike.
Dec. 16, offers a remarkable
Since Partex continues to deny
opportunity to see the foremost
its former employees their legal
theater groups in both the Chirights, there is great need for
cano movement and the Mexican
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
community support in boycotting
student movement, and to exam$160 or $45 person. 439.6481
Partex products. The effectiveine the stmilaritie~.-- the conness of a boycott was demonstrattrasts, and the vitality- of El
1 B,R Furn. Apt.across from FSC
ed by the great leader of the
Teatro campesino and Los Mas$110 per mo. 229-2650
' farmworkers. Cesar Chavez.
carones.
FREE CHAVEZ
Chicanos and Campesinos
march in support of Chavez
•r Viva la Virgen de Guadalupe!", "Free Chavez!", "Boycott lettuce!", and other similar
yells
resounded through the
streets of Fresno as 200 Chicanos marched from Fresno State
College to the County Courthouse
last Saturday.
The march to the courthouse
climaxed the three-day vigil at
FSC. The march was not attended by students alone. Farmworkers and community people
marched also to demonstrate
their support of the students in
their non-violent stand on the lmprisonm ent of Cesar Chavez.
At 10 a.m. Saturday, campesinos and students began gathering in the Free Speech Area.
Many of these people had not left
the site of the vigil since it had
begun Wednesday morning. The
camp was broken up and the
march began with the Virgen de
Guadalupe leading. The march
was attended by 200 Chavez supporters.
At the courthouse a short rally
was held. Several people spokE:
on the imprisonment of Chavez
and the lettuce boycott. Father
Lopez, a priest from a local
church gave a short talk on Chavez and his non-violent actions,
Several students spoke on the
students' involvement in La
Huelga. Among these students
were Cres and Patricio Hernandez and Raul Pickett. Mrs. Jesse
De La Cruz, a farmworker, spoke
on the lettuce boycott. She reminded the people that the only
way Chavez will be freed is if
Antle signs a contract. Therefore, she asked everyone to work
for La Huelga, find out where
they are selling scab lettuce and
boycott them. Boycott them until
Chavez is freed:
.
Chicanos on provisional government
Partex
Want Ad_s
shut down as was seen with the
destruction o · La Raza Studies,
Black Studies. E.O.P., and the
curtailment of the experimental
college. The presence of fully
riot-equipped officers furing the
first Free Speech rally held on
this campus in September and the
recent incident of the ust> of steel
plates, connotes the administration's efforts to destroy collective confidence and tru5l within
the general campus com"">l'nity.
What has occurred? There has
been a division and. polarization on this campus. and we continue to allow the tyranny imposed
by the administration to persist
unchallenged.
Our student gov('rnment has
been and remains immobile. and
continues to allow the destruction
of democracy to occur.
It is at present institutionally
connected to the administration of
the college, and has not operated
directly in the interest of the students. It ·s immobility is impaired
by its bureaucratic structure,
permitting final control by the administration.
We need a student government
that will have the autonomy and
courage to challenge the arrogant
misuse of power and democratically function by and Jor all the
students at Fresno State College.
Chicano students see this potential in the establishment ofthe
provisional student government.
With the combined efforts of the
entire campus . this may be the
vehicle that will bring democracy to Fresno StatP College.
Chavez was imprisoned by the
large interests who know that the
boycott will eventually force even
the largest tyrant to yield to the
just demands of the workers. It
is the public in general who justly
decides whether the reasons for
a boycott merit its support or not.
It is because the large intBrests
know that they have no legal or
monetary control over the public's decision that they fear boycotting the most. It was because of
Chavez's appeal to the public in
general for help that he was put
in jail and not because of any
violation of the law.
The striking workers of Partex
are now appealing to the public
for support. Please don't buy
Partex products. Partex Corp.
at 4661 E. Commerce in Fresno
is a rehuilder of auto parts such
as starters, generators. and
o~her auto parts. Ask your auto
parts dealer if any of the parts
he sells are rebuilt by Partex.
To this date, nearly three and
a half months since the strike
began. Partex has refused to even
talk about a fair contract. The
company has gone so far as to
retract all previous offers and
said that everyone has been permanentlv repla<'ed, Partex has
given n~ consideration to loyal
workers who have been with the
company for 15 years. The company operates under ruthless
management which does not want
to realize its workers are human
beings demanding only what is
rightfully theirs.
The concern and help many students from Fresno state and
Fresno City College have given
us has greatly lifted the spirits
of the Partex strikers. The strik ers of Partex depply appreciate
the involvement of the students
and community on the picket line.
This has served to show Partex
Company and all those companies
in general who deny workers fair
and equal treatment at work. that
the communitv is involved and
will not stand. for the mistreatment of its people.
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SLAVE CONDITIONS
Suffering of farm workers
caused by dehumanization
Lookln clo. ly . t th f C of
·truggl in which our f, rm
work r ' tm1011 i
c n plainly
hav known pain. acrifi · and
sum rln '• I· roll! wh •re and whom
did th,
el rnents , ris ?
The sulferlng has alway l n
ca11s <1 hy thos gr edy barbarians wlio r fu e to
fa rm workers as hum" n men, women nd
children. The Bud Antle-Dow
Chemical coalition may be a good
example. This pair seems to
have no con~cience re dily exploiting and destroying human
life to make money. We have
heard the word EXPLOIT so often that many of u take it lightth
Chavez pledges
escalation of
lettuce boycott
"I'm prepared to pay the price for civil
disobedience. I was spiritually prepared
for this confinement."
----Message from Cesar Chavez, December 5, 1970, from his Salinas jail eel I
where he is confined until the lettuce boycott is over.
Ford Foundation awards $225,000 grant
to aid UFWOC service centers for migrants
The Ford Foundation has announced it has awarded three
grants totaling nearly $1 million
to a.id migrant farm workers and
minority groups.
A $225,000 grant went to the
Center for Community Change in
Washington. D.C. to help finance
seven service centers established by United Farm Workers
Organizing Committee leader
Cesar Chavez. Chavez is currently imprisoned in Salinas for
refusal to end a lettuce boycott
against Bud Angle Farms.
The Connecticut Housing Investment Fund and the League of
Cities-Conference of Mayors
were the recipients of the other
grants. The Connecticut Housing
Investment Fund
received
$200,000 to expand an equal housing opportunity program, and the
LCCM received $560,000 to continue on-the-job training programs for minorities.
SALINAS (UPI) - Jailed farm
labor leader Cesar Chavez Saturday promised to "escalate"
the nationwide boycott against
lettuce produced by a grower who
refuses to sign a contract with
his United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC),
AFL-CIO.
Chavez told hundreds of Mexican American field workers and
other supporters who filed i.1to
the Monterey County Jail during
visiting hours that a secret Friday meeting between UFWOC and
grower Bud Angle was •fruitless,"
The meeting was arranged by a
mediating committee of three
clergymen in an attempt to end
the long union jurisdictional dispute which led to the UFWOCsponsored boycott of Bud Angle,
Inc., lettuce.
Chavez, who was jailed Dec. 4
for refusing to obey a court injunction against the hoycott. received a telegram of support
Saturday from Mrs. 1artin Luther King, Jr.
Bud Antle, Inc., a major grower
in the Salinas Valley •salad
bowl," consistently has refused
to scrap an old contract with
the Teamsters Union to sign with
Chavez, UFWOC.
Representatives of the independent Teamsters and the AFLCIO joined in Friday's meeting
with UFWOC representative Delores Huerta and Bud and Robert
Antle,
The med 1 a ti on committee
chairman, the Rev. Eugene Boyle,
did not indicate whether further
meetings would be held.
ly. In examinin the Antle-Dow
creed of gettin rich off men's
w , t nd pan it mnk
you want
to vomit blood. Dow's napalm
gam doesn't e m so tar away
when you consider that along with
the oth r p stlcide manufacturers and grow rs like Antle, they
contribute to the yearly pesticide
poisoning of over 80,000 people.
When tallying the profits, they
never think of the deaths, rashes
and burns of the people in the
fields caused by these dangerous
pesticides.
The lack of union protection has
added to the suffering of farm
workers. Farm workers do the
back-breaking work on land which
feeds tMs country and much of
the world. A great tragedy lies
in the fact that these same workers not only have to labor under
the most adverse conditions (includinp; poisonous pesticides), but
must many times go home and
face hungry children. Farm
workers carry scars from futile
attempts to unify in the past, attempts which were always marred and torn by violence. The
experience of giving of self so
that others would no longer have
to suffer has always been ours.
Farm workers, as you can plainly see, know pain, suffering and
sacrifice.
UFWOC victories in the grape
fields have given farm workers
everywhere a new ray of hope.
The beauty of this Ues in knowing
that this hope can never fade
from our sight. Cesar Chavez,
a man whose face shows years
o! pain, sacrifice, suffering and
new hope, is responsible for the
nonviolent movement of farm
workers throughout the state,
the country, and the world. The
poet Alurtsta wrote, •Nonviolent
acts are rooted in our relationship with courage." Cesar Chavez and throusands o!farm workers have this courage and dedication deeply rooted in our
hearts. So firmly re these roots
planted that boys like Bud and Dow
will not be ble to toy with hum n
lives mu h longer.
The eyes of the farm worker '
struggle reflect like mirrors.
Looking into them we should all
be able to s
th t neither UFWOC
nor Ces r Chavez should be
placed on trial or put in Jatl.
Rather, It should e hose mon y
worshippers who ar
uuty of
keepin f rm
or ers un de
slave co ditlons and who are trying to block our union's tempt
to give str n h o the nation'
farm workers.
-Reprinted from El Maler! do
D cem r 15, 1 70
This edition is dedicated to Cesar Chavez
and the struggle of all Chicanos for justice and equality
2
THE.- bAILY COLLEGI.AN
Monday, December 14, 191v
E-NOL\~\-\
l) e Pl\ .-a.'T'P\ENT
SAr'\h)s c
/s
Standard operati~g procedu re?
Mistreated Chicano workers lead strike against Partex
Since Septem ber 3, 1970, Partex workers , ot which 90 per cent
are Chicanos, have been on
s t r ike. The str ike was the only
alternative the workers had in
orde r to end mistreatment and
abuse by the company. For weeks
prior to the strike, the company,
in violation of the National Labor
Relations Act, tried to keep workers from organizing by threatening employees with loss of jobs
if they were to join a union. There
was also talk by the management
of closing down the plant if a
union were to be organized. The
e mployees were questioned about
their union activities by the management who spoke in a way to
discourage unionization. A week
prior to the strike, the company
went so far as to grant wage
increases and promotions deliberately timed to defeat selforganization among the employees.
COMENTARIO
ho backs Norman nov,?
The slip is beginning to show under Norman Baxter's •midi.•
When Baxter was selected by Dumke-Reagan and Co. many moderates at Fresno State College felt ~at he should be given a chance.
It has happened, Baxter had his chance and he bungled.
Last week, the local "yello~ press" had a headline saying •ctty
Leaders Back Baxter.• Anyone, reading on would quickly realize
who those leaders were.
John Garabedian, grower-shipper and member of the State Board
of Agriculture, backs Baxter.
Bob Eagan, Producers Cotton Oil, Co. backs Baxter.
Clare McGhan, Fresno County Farm Bureau, backs Baxter.
A. Hammerstrous, manager of Blake, Moffitt and Towne, backs
Baxter.
Murray Pagel, manager of Preferred Creditors Service, backs
Baxter.
Claude Lisle, president of the Exchange Club of North Fresno,
backs Baxter.
S, Samuel BoJhosian, sweetheart of labor, backs Baxter.
MUo Rowell, attorney, backs Baxter.
Leland Scott, of well-known reputation as alumni, backs Baxter.
Baby Norman, on the week of September 12, 1970, told a group of
Mexican-Americans and Chicanos that he wouldn't accept interfe~ence from •outsiders" on affairs of the college. On the week of
December 12_, Norman is busy goh. 6 from meetings of the Rotary
Club to meetings of the Optimist Club to meetings of the Exchange
Club of North Fresno, etc •.•
S me P.!30ple are allowed to interfere, even invited to do so when'ever 1''orman is in trouble, but some other people get arrested if they
try ll interfere in the •academic" affairs of Mr. Baxter's college.
It is tlme that people began a king themselves some questions
out who Baxter really works for. 11aybe his real job shoulu be
o
p li•~ ~el tions for the growers. We should ail realize by
th t coUc e- mo.terial nc i n' ., regardless of the lett rs of
mendation he is getting.
-Elie-2.er Risco-Lozada
In spite of all the company's
devious efforts to discourage a
union, the will and determination
of the people to better themselves
and their fa m i lies prevailed.
They demanded a decent wage increase, equal employment opportunities, and the protection of a
union shop. Partex Company was
defiant at the idea of the workers
making such demands. Partex
offered workers a contract that
was hardly better than the previous one and said if the workers
didn't like it they knew what they
could do. The only alternative to
continuous mistreatment was to
go on strike.
The workers sought help from
the news media to publicize the
reasons the workers had for going on strike. The company had
given its version of the strike
situation, which was totally false,
and the workers also wished to
give their side of the story. The
Fresno Bee refused towriteanything the strikers had to say.
There were many instances
in which we sought help from the
sheriff's department and the District Attorney's office. However,
we were denied any consideration. Yet, when the company
brought a complaint against the
strikers, the Sheriff's Department and the DA's office were
only too glad to be of service.
On one particular occasion a
certain sheriff's deputy, Sergeant
Arden, was called in by Partex
to investigate a rock-throwing
incident at 8 a.m. on Nov. 24
1970. Sergeant Arden arrived
nearly half an hour later, traveling at a high rate of speed. He
drove directly into the strikers
peacefully picketing in front of
Partex, braking and skidding before coming to a stop. If five of
the strikers had not jumped out
out of his path, they might have
,een seriously injured or even
killed. Arden then jumped out of
his car, waving his fist and shouting, "Get the hell out of here,
you rock-throwers, before I start
busting heads and shooting tear
gas. Don't think that I won't!"
The men, women and children
we re shocked and outraged at
such· conduct of a public servant
of the law. The strikers as a
whole were being convicted as
the wrongdoers, when in fact, the
rock-throwing was started by the
scab workers. One of the strikers
had asked a Burns guard working
for Partex to report the scabs
throwing rocks at the strikers.
The Burns guard then 'replied, "I
hope they kill you." All of this
was reported to the DA's office.
They said that they would investigate the matter. To this date,
the workers are still trying to get
a charge against the company.
On Oct. 21. 1970 a hearing was
held between the Chicano workers
of Partex and two Federal commissioners of the Equal Employment Opportunity Com mission.
The officers found many instances where the workers had been
wronged and exploited by Partex.
One former Partex worker, Bill
Rena, testified that Pat Elbert,
Partex manager, had said the
reason Partex hired Chicanos
for $1. 75 per hour and whites
at $2.25 per hour was that Mexicans come from the fields at adi me a dozen. and that it was
hard to retain a white worker on
the same job for the same pay.
At this hearing, it was also disclosed that Pat Elbert had shouted
to the Partex strikers, "Only two
Mexic-ans in every eight are any
good." The people at Partex also
said a worker having 15 years
seniority could be overlooked
promotion-wise if the company
favored another worker. usuatly
a less-experienced white. To this
date, the local and federal officials have only listened to our
complaints and charges, but have
done nothing on our behalf. It is
only through picketing and pleading for public support that we' re
gaining effective community r esponse. The ways in which the
strike has been effective are:
1. The great majority of the
workers, 130 of the 150 workers
walked off their jobs. This showed
the company that the people were
united in their just demands. Most
of the company's experienced
help is outside and will remain
outside, depriving Pa r tex of experienced help. some of the workers have 14 and 15 years experience.
2. The company , as reported
from inside sources, is constantly pressing for more production
from the swelled 200 scab labor
force. The 200 scab workers are
not performing the work that 130
strikers formerly produced. The
pickets outside are a constant
reminder to the scabs that scab
labor at Partex is only temporary, which keeps them from t_ak·
ing interest in a temporary Job.
3. Since the beginning of the
strike, the company has hired a
force of 24 men to guard-the plant
24 hours a day. The cost of maintaining such a force is treme_ndous. Partex, being very strict
with the guards, has fired and replaced many guards for accepting
(Continued on Page 4, Col. 3)
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Published five days a week except
holidays and examination periods _by
the fresno State College Associa·
tion. Mail subscriptions $8 a sef ester, $15 a year. Editorial of ice,
Keats Campus Building, telep~on:
487-2486. Business office, Col eg
Union 316, telephone 487-2266,
Opinions expressed in Daily Colle·
gian special editions are not neces·
sarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
Day Editor . . . . . . . John RamJr~:
Reporters . . . . . . . . . • Susana 8
Ofelia Garcia , Jess Marqu~:z,
Graciela Solis , Phyllis Marti:,
Inna Alvara o
72-hour vigil
marks religious
holiday in Aztlan
By Grace Solis
On Dec. 9, 1531, an Aztec Indian named Juan Diego left his
home in Mexico City, Mexico
for Mass. His destination was the
Franciscan Church of St. James
in Mexico City, where he was to
help with Saturday Mass.
Between his native village of
Cuantitlan and the Church was a
high hill named Tepeyac, When he
reached this hill a bright light
blinded him, and upon making the
Sign of the Cross, he saw a vision
of Our Lady of Guadalupe, or as
she is known to the Mexican people, La Virgen de Guadalupe. She
spoke to him and told him she
would like to see a church built
on that spot, and Juan was to
relay the wish to the Bishop.
The Bishop was reluctant to
build a church without a sign,
indicating the appearance of la
Virgen de Gu adalupe. Two days
later, Juan returned to the same
spot where he had s een La Virgen
and gave her the Bishop's reply.
She told him to go pick flowers
at a particular spot, even though
they were out of season and take
them to the Bishop. He obeyed,
wrapped the flowers in his cloak
and presented them to the Bishop.
When he opened the cloak, a picture of La Vi rgen de Guadalupe
was imprinted on it. A church,
which is now a basilica, was then
built on that spot. La Virgen de
Guadalupe was later declared the
patron saint and protector of the
Mexican people.
With this i n mind, on Dec. 9,
1970, Chi cano students at Fresno
State College began a vigil in
comme moration of La Virgen de
Guadalupe. The ceremony was a
religious celebration and not a
"live- in", "protest" , •Or "campin" as erroneously reported in
earlier arti cles. Candle-light
processions were held every·
night as the Ros ary was recited.
The s econdary purpose of the
Vigil was to express our sincere
belief in the non- violent methods
employed by Cesar Chavez ofthe
United Farm Workers Organizing
Committee (U FWOC ) in his struggle to bring s ocial justice to the
farmworker. Cesa r Chavez was
recently jailed because of his
failure to call off a boycott and
strike against Bud Antle , one of
the largest lettuce growers in the
Salinas area.
The 72-hour vigil re ceived
much support from students and
faculty. Saturday morning it end ed with a march to the F r esno
County Courthouse. Farmwor kers, students and representatives
from various community organi zations joined the march. which
numbered several hundred.
VIGI LIA-A los pies de la Virg en de Guadalu pe, e t ud iant es pa aron
tres dias y tres noches de vi g ili a, en apoyo a nu est r o lider Cesar
Chavez, Qui en ba io las manos de la I N JUSTI Cl I\ csta near clacJo.
LETTER
Boycott the hell out of them!
Thanks those who helped in vigil
The Chicano students on campus sincerely thank all the faculty, members of the Student Senate
and an students who loaned
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s and
brought food for us during the
vigil. The attitude on campus
was tremendous with administrators dropping in to visit and chat.
Food caravan
to Delano
The striking farmworkers of
the San Joaquin, Salinas, and
Imperial Valleys need the continuing support of students. There
is an immediate need for nonperishable food items: sacks of
flour, rice , beans and canned
goods. Blue Chip Stamps and cash
donations are also accepted. The
caravan will leave from the Convention Center parking lot, Saturday, December 19 at 9:00 a.m.
Everyone is welcome to join the
carava n. Tntertainment and refreshments will be offered at
Delano. Bring a sleeping bag and
plan to stay overnight.
If it is not possible for you to
go to Delano , food and donations
may be left at AZTLAN, 1407
N. Van Nes s , Fre s no from 4:306:00 p.m. weekdays and all day
Saturday. For more inform ation
or transportation call: Wanda
(209) 229- 61 08.
Razon
HUELGA!
AYUDANOS HERMANO, P ERO M AS AYU D.CffE,
YA BASTA LOS INSUL TOS, EL SU FRI M l EN TO
DE LA RAZA.
UNIIY.JS VENCEREMOS, Y DAR GRACI AS A DIOS
NUESTRA VIDA QUE QUEDA,
LA VIDA DE NUESTROS HtJOS,
SERA FELIZ y NO NOMAS LLENA DE SUFRIMIENTOS.
HULEGA, HUELGA!
TU LUCHA NO SERA POR NADA,
TU ESPERANZA ES TU DERECHO.
Tl _NES CAUSA Y RAZON.
HUELG~
Photo, by Oon Leli ■ ron ■ nd ~t v :::ion ■ no
L a vi9ili a tc rm ino el sabado, 12 d d i c i em bre con una marcha desde
I col eg ia has t a la
or t e d I ,ondado d F re sno. odos gritaban:
LI Bf NA HAV -z! C)UI: VI VA CHAV EZ!
HUELG, HUELGM
EIJRIQUE
Faculty along with a lot of stu dents stopped to express their
empathy on the vigil.
It was absolutely great to see
students stop and exchange ideas
on Chavez' unlon movement and
never have anyone lose their
cool. For the first time since
I've been in school, I saw aggies
and chicanos exchanging dialogue
and ideas without either side
losing their cool. It was hoped
that the vigil would bring about an
atmosphere of non-violence and
reason on campus. This type of
rational dialogue must be used
by all concerned parties if we are
to solve any problems on campus.
To those persons who loaned us
sleeping bags, b 1 an k et s or
brought us warm food and haven't
picked up theirbelongings,everything is in San Ramon #2, Room
21. If you are missing anything,
please contact Jess Marquez at
the Daily Collegian office.
Again a sincere thanks to
everyone on campus, who helped
make the vigil a success.
Jess Marquez
Ces r Chavez has always advocated civil disobedience as a means
or protesting unjust or unwarrant ed laws. He is now being held in the
Monterey County jail as a result of his civil disobedience. After
24 hours in jail Cesar issues a statement saying that he was prepared for indefinite confinement. As we all know, Judge Campbell
ruled that Cesar would not be released until he calls off the boycott
against Bud Antle. Many also realize the necessity of bucking the
court order because of its unconstitutionality.
With the courts ruling in their favor, the Antle people probably
felt they had succeeded in crippling our movement and would not
have to sign a negotiated contract which covers the workers' needs.
Just before going to jail Cesar left word for us to "Boycott Bud Antle,
Boycott Dow, and Boycott the hell out of them- VIVA LA CAUSA !"
At this point it should be realized that the only way we'll be able
to free Cesar is through Antle's signing. All boycott activity should
be aimed at clipping Bud Antle's pocketbook and exposing Bud's
relationship with Dow Chemical.
This doesn't just stop with Antle's lettuce. Since ,Antle has tried
to hard to stop UFWOC, it is now a question of him or us. Our nonviolent movement will show its strength in the boycotting of ALL
Antle products.
Antle's celery , broccoli and artichokes should be stopped as well
as the lettuce.
Antle labels to look for and wipeoutare "BUD", "RICK" , •JADE",
and "ANCO•.
The sooner we stop Antle, the sooner Cesar will be freed.
BOYCOTT. the hell out of ANTL E and DOW!
-Reprinted from El Malcriado
December 15, 1970
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IJ.,
THE DAIL"¥ COLLEGIAN
4
I
Monday, December 14, 1970
Cesar Chavez on non-violence
Our conviction is that human
life and limb are a very special
possession given by God to man
and that no one has the right to
that that away, in any cause,
however just.
We also find that violence is
contagious; it is uncontrollable.
If we use it, then the opposition
is going to respond in kind and '
it is going to be escalated.
Also we are convinced that
non-violence is more powerful
than violence. We are convinced
that non-violence supports you
if you have a just and moral
cuase. Non-violence gives the
opportunity to stay on the offensive, which is of vital importance
to win any contest. Suppose we
are striking and the opponent
appears to be getting the best of
us and we resort to violence.
Then he will bring in other forces
and one of two things happens:
violence has to be escalated, or
there is total demoralization of
the workers. Non-violence works
in exactly the opposite manner:
when for every violent action
commttteed against us, we respond with non-violence, we tend
to attract people's support; we
have a chance 1Jf attracting other
people who are not involved because they are workers, but are
involved because they have a conscience and because they would
Teatro Campesino comes
to Fresno State College
I
rather see a non-violent solution
to things.
If you have no basis for nonviolence other than a strategy, a
tactic, then when it fails your
only alternative is completely the
reverse and that's violence. So
you have to balance the strategy
with a clear understanding of what
you are doing. However important
the struggle is and however much
misery and poverty and degradation exist, we know that it cannot
be more important than one hum an life. That's baste. Second,
we operate on the theory that men
who are involved and truly concerned about people are not by
nature violent. If they were violent they couldn't have the love
and that concern for people. That
sort of man becomes violent when
that deep concern he has for
people is frustrated, when he's
faced with overwhelming odds
against what he is trying to do.
Then sometimes he feels that violence is really a short-cut or a
sort of miracle to end everything and bring about a solution.
We don't want to get into that
trap.
Las Adelitas are sponsoring a
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D.
F. are making their first Caliunique performance of both El
Teatro Campesino de Aztlan and
fornia tour and Las Adelitas
have made special arrangements
Los Mascarones de Mexico, D,F .,
at the FSC Little Theatre on
to have Los Mascarones perform
Wednesday, Dec. 16, 1970, at
Wednesday night. This is the
7:30 p.m. Admission for this fund
only opportunity that the FSC
raising event is $2 per person.
community will have to see this
Las Adelitas are raising funds
dramatic and eiciting company
for a special and timely purpose
perform on campus.
which will be announced at the
Los Mascarones are a rare
performance.
experience for U.S. audiences.
The Wednesday night perforTheir unique style in presenting
mance marks the first time that
an intriguing history and an even
The present political atmothe play "'Bernabe" wm be gensphere at Fresno State College
erally available to the Fresno
exhibits all the char ..1cteristics of
public. "'Bernabe," written and
the destruction of democracy
directed by Luis Valdez, ls perthrough the tyrannical means emformed by El Teatro Campesino.
ployed hy the administration, as
The play was originally scheduled
is evident by th~ political executo premier at FSC during early
tions manifested through its
May hut the on-campus perforpurges. Since the beginning of
mance was canceled when Goverlast semester. faculty and stunor Ronald Reagan panicked anc1
dents who have attempted toperclosed all the state college campeluate a spirit of justice, whethpuses.
er they were red, white or blue,
El Teatro Campesino recently
have heen terminated or eliminperformed •Bernabe" at the Inner
ated.
more important present leaves
City Cultural Center in Los An- 1
one fascinated. This extraordingeles and was acclaimed by the
The present tyrannical adminary group developed from the stuLos Angeles area critics. Dan
istration has been suspicious of
dent movement in Mexico in 10GB
Sullivan, L.A. Ti mes Theatre
any activity which has brought
and has continued to expand into
critic write: (L.A. Times, Nov.
students and faculty together.
the professional troupe of today.
3, 1970):
Efforts to develop relevant eduLos Masc.trones will he pre"'Is there anywhere a group of
cational curriculum have heen
senting "The Flight of Quetzalactors more in touch with themcoatl", a dramatlc poem taken
selves and the basic realities of
from the Codice and manuscript
theater than these? A board and
of Cuautitlan and the Mexican
a passion is almost literally all
lyrics that exist in the National
they have to offer, yet the results
Library. The poem was translatmake most big-city theater seem
ed from the Nahuatl by Dr. Angel
skimpy.
M. Garibay and adapted for the
Who are the real sophisticates
(Continued from Page 2)
theater by Mariano Leyva, the
here? Luis Valdez's troupe have
food
or drink from the strikers,
Director of Los Mascarones.
instinctively the moves that other
and talking and sympathizing with
Quetzalcoatl is one of the most
actors couldn't get after three
the strikers.
extraordinary characters of the
years with the Alexander techNahuatl
Culture.
His
life
unfolds
4. Even though the strike has
nique. They can impose their
before the coming of the Spancaused the shut-down of various
rhythm - very fast - on an
iards to Tenochittlan. The date
departments producing various
audience, just like that. They can
873 of our age is given (5 House
products, Partex continues to
go from naturalism to surrealism
of the Aztec Calendar) when the
operate. On several occasions the
and make you see that each is
Toltecas, inhabitants of Tollan
strikers saw large amounts of
a part of something bigger.
(today Tula Hidalgo) brought
new products being brought to
What they present is not just
Qµetzalcoatl to reign among
Partex to be sold as rebuilt to
a theatrical style but a life-style
them. He is considered a cultural
wider and wiser than pursued by
their customers. This was the
hero who taught the Toltecas the
practice of Partex on rare ocmany in their audience - a style
1
arts: feather work, jewelry,
casions when it had more orders
symbolized by their favorite
sculpture, architecture, goldthan it could supply. Orders have
word, "'corazon."
smithing, etc. He also was conbeen cancelled instead because of
•Bernabe" was at first a realsidered a god in different repreinability to supply. One company
istic and very funy study of a vilsentations: Ehecatl •.• God of
lage simpleton (accepted by the
official admitted to Mr. Henry
Wind, God of Maguey; Tezcatlivillage as he would not be in the
Rodriguez that the company's
poca .•. God of Knowledge, etc.
best workers were outside and
big city) which then shaded into
One day he disappeared toward
that the 200 scab workers were
a kind of apotheosis of "Chicanthe East, according to the legend,
ismo. •
mot producing as much as the
encircled in flames in a boat of
130 strikers used to produce.
Some seeming contradiction in
serpents which he had made. It is
He also added that he did not
the latter - Death as at once the
told that he left because he degrim reaper and the loving mothknow why Partex would not sign
fied the penitence and sacrificial
a union shop contract. The comer - were obviously not so to
ritual which he himself taught,
pany. always complaining it canthe company nor to those who
after
intoxicating himself with the
not afford to provide decent
could understand all of Luis Valmaguey which had been discovdez' Spanish-English text. This
wages, is certainly proving that
ered during this period; in the
group has so much to teach us
it is more than capable of good
presence of his vassals.
that it's a pity Los Angeles apwages, judging from the tremenThe performance at the FSC
pearances ar~ so sporadic."
dous expense it is undertaking in
Little Theatre on Wednesday,
an attempt to break the strike.
Dec. 16, offers a remarkable
Since Partex continues to deny
opportunity to see the foremost
its former employees their legal
theater groups in both the Chirights, there is great need for
cano movement and the Mexican
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
community support in boycotting
student movement, and to exam$160 or $45 person. 439.6481
Partex products. The effectiveine the stmilaritie~.-- the conness of a boycott was demonstrattrasts, and the vitality- of El
1 B,R Furn. Apt.across from FSC
ed by the great leader of the
Teatro campesino and Los Mas$110 per mo. 229-2650
' farmworkers. Cesar Chavez.
carones.
FREE CHAVEZ
Chicanos and Campesinos
march in support of Chavez
•r Viva la Virgen de Guadalupe!", "Free Chavez!", "Boycott lettuce!", and other similar
yells
resounded through the
streets of Fresno as 200 Chicanos marched from Fresno State
College to the County Courthouse
last Saturday.
The march to the courthouse
climaxed the three-day vigil at
FSC. The march was not attended by students alone. Farmworkers and community people
marched also to demonstrate
their support of the students in
their non-violent stand on the lmprisonm ent of Cesar Chavez.
At 10 a.m. Saturday, campesinos and students began gathering in the Free Speech Area.
Many of these people had not left
the site of the vigil since it had
begun Wednesday morning. The
camp was broken up and the
march began with the Virgen de
Guadalupe leading. The march
was attended by 200 Chavez supporters.
At the courthouse a short rally
was held. Several people spokE:
on the imprisonment of Chavez
and the lettuce boycott. Father
Lopez, a priest from a local
church gave a short talk on Chavez and his non-violent actions,
Several students spoke on the
students' involvement in La
Huelga. Among these students
were Cres and Patricio Hernandez and Raul Pickett. Mrs. Jesse
De La Cruz, a farmworker, spoke
on the lettuce boycott. She reminded the people that the only
way Chavez will be freed is if
Antle signs a contract. Therefore, she asked everyone to work
for La Huelga, find out where
they are selling scab lettuce and
boycott them. Boycott them until
Chavez is freed:
.
Chicanos on provisional government
Partex
Want Ad_s
shut down as was seen with the
destruction o · La Raza Studies,
Black Studies. E.O.P., and the
curtailment of the experimental
college. The presence of fully
riot-equipped officers furing the
first Free Speech rally held on
this campus in September and the
recent incident of the ust> of steel
plates, connotes the administration's efforts to destroy collective confidence and tru5l within
the general campus com"">l'nity.
What has occurred? There has
been a division and. polarization on this campus. and we continue to allow the tyranny imposed
by the administration to persist
unchallenged.
Our student gov('rnment has
been and remains immobile. and
continues to allow the destruction
of democracy to occur.
It is at present institutionally
connected to the administration of
the college, and has not operated
directly in the interest of the students. It ·s immobility is impaired
by its bureaucratic structure,
permitting final control by the administration.
We need a student government
that will have the autonomy and
courage to challenge the arrogant
misuse of power and democratically function by and Jor all the
students at Fresno State College.
Chicano students see this potential in the establishment ofthe
provisional student government.
With the combined efforts of the
entire campus . this may be the
vehicle that will bring democracy to Fresno StatP College.
Chavez was imprisoned by the
large interests who know that the
boycott will eventually force even
the largest tyrant to yield to the
just demands of the workers. It
is the public in general who justly
decides whether the reasons for
a boycott merit its support or not.
It is because the large intBrests
know that they have no legal or
monetary control over the public's decision that they fear boycotting the most. It was because of
Chavez's appeal to the public in
general for help that he was put
in jail and not because of any
violation of the law.
The striking workers of Partex
are now appealing to the public
for support. Please don't buy
Partex products. Partex Corp.
at 4661 E. Commerce in Fresno
is a rehuilder of auto parts such
as starters, generators. and
o~her auto parts. Ask your auto
parts dealer if any of the parts
he sells are rebuilt by Partex.
To this date, nearly three and
a half months since the strike
began. Partex has refused to even
talk about a fair contract. The
company has gone so far as to
retract all previous offers and
said that everyone has been permanentlv repla<'ed, Partex has
given n~ consideration to loyal
workers who have been with the
company for 15 years. The company operates under ruthless
management which does not want
to realize its workers are human
beings demanding only what is
rightfully theirs.
The concern and help many students from Fresno state and
Fresno City College have given
us has greatly lifted the spirits
of the Partex strikers. The strik ers of Partex depply appreciate
the involvement of the students
and community on the picket line.
This has served to show Partex
Company and all those companies
in general who deny workers fair
and equal treatment at work. that
the communitv is involved and
will not stand. for the mistreatment of its people.
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