La Voz de Aztlan, November 16 1970
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, November 16 1970
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
11/16/1970
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00015
extracted text
LXXVl/46
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1970
'OVERSTAFFING' IS CITED
Head of philosophy department,
two others face non-retention
Br Burton Swope
Collegian Editor-in-chief
The dean :,f the School of Humaniti~s, riling ''overstaffing" as
DR. RALPH
c. REA
the key factor in his decision, has
reeommended that the chairman
of the philo'iophy departm('11t and
two other professors not be reappointed to the faculty for the
coming academic year.
Dr. James !'vl. Smith, Chairman
of the Department of Philosophy,
said Friday he and Assistant Professors of Philosophy Rendell N.
Mabey and Elton A. Hall have been
notified by Acting Dean Dr . Ralph
C, Rea he is recommending their
"non-reappointment•.
None of the professors has
tenure.
Smith said the philosophy department now has 11 faculty
members and according to the
school's staff - generating formula there should only be eight.
Ha said that Rea in informing the
philosophy professors of their
"non-appolntmt>nt" stated that it
clu "to the neces •ity of rf>duc-ing faculty" In conformance
w1 th the formula.
Rea made it
clear that the terminations were
W:iS
he111g made "without prejudice•.
That m ans the three faculty
members can be rehired by the
college 1f and when openings occur in the philosophy department.
EDITORIAL
THE STUDENTS' RIGHT TO KNOW
Last Friday when reporters of the Daily Collegian were trying to
verify rumors that the chairman of the philosophy department and
two other professors were getting the axe. they were warned by the
Dean of the School of Humanities to mind their own business. The
repiy to that is today's lead story.
Staff members of the Daily Collegian will not be intimidated or
persuaded into silence on issues that affect the lives and general
welfare of the students and the college. Whe professors on campus
are being recommended for "'non-reappointment" or are being moved
on in any way, it is the students' business. They have a right to know.
Changes in faculty in any department can mean changes in the quality
of education rec et ved by students at this college.
H is well known that the Acting Dean of the School of Humanities,
Dr. Ralph c, Rea. is an appointee of the Falk Administration. It is
well known that R·ea and the Department of Philosophy, as well as
other departments within the School of Humanities, are in disagreement about many things. It ts well known that those being
recommended for termination (Dr. James M. Smith, Rendell Mabey
and Elton Hall) are liberals. Smith is past president of the United
Professors of California and has opposed the Board of Trustees and
administration on many issues. Mabey has been outspoken against
the administration and the Vietnam war. Hall shares the same distinction.
Rea's recommendation they not be retained for the coming academic year smells like a purge. It fits in beautifully with the current
pattern of repression gripping the campus.
And Rea would have us mind our own business.
Could it be Rea's reasons for recommending non-retention, and
his coolness to proposals for absorbing excess faculty into other departments cannot stand the light of day? could it be Rea would have
us wait t~ break the news of their non- retention when Baxter announces faculty reappointments on Dec. 1, thus taking much of th e
heat away from him and placing it on Baxter? Or is it simply that,
like manv self-righteous and pompous administrators, Rea considers
students· children who should not concern themselves with what th e
"grown-ups" do?
Rea ·s warning to the Collegian that publicity priorto Dec. 1 con. reappointments may some h ow "J·eopardize faculty with
cerning faculty
· a "bad light• cannot be taken
legitimate grievances" or put them m
seriously. It would seem the faculty are already jeopardized by
Rea's recommendations and his attitude toward them, and if anyone
is put in a "bad light" it would have to be Rea himself.
There is nothing in the Board on Publications guidelines that says
the Collegian will shut up when intimidated and thre~tened by :~~dents faculty or administrators. What is happening m th e Dep mer.f 'of Philosop~y and in other areas of the campus cannot and
sho~ld not be hidden from the view of the student body• ~he students'
right to know shall prevail despite the Dean of Humanities.
'
-Burton Swope
DR. JAMES M. SMI TI-I
RENDELL MABEY
Rea's recom mendatfons are
made to Acting Vice President
Dr. Horace o. Schorllng and go
through the Personnel Com mlttee. Fresno State College President Dr. Norman A. Baxter will
announce faculty reappointments
for the coming academic year
on Dec. 1.
Chairmen of the various departments withln the School of
Humanities met with Rea and
Schorling Friday afternoon to
discuss the recommendations;
Smith said the philosophy department proposed that other
departments and schools absorb
the overstaffing.
He said the
meeting was "'inconclusive•, but
he believes the philosophy department will get other departments' support for absorbing excess staff. According to Smith,
Rea and Schorling were •cool"
to the proposal, however.
Sources in touch with the situation said they do not believe the
support of other departments will
make a difference. They said
Rea's general position is that
· staffing should strictly conform
to the formula, that absorbing
excess staff into other departments is •temporary• when it
should be •permanent•.
They
said lt ls possible Rea will allow Smith, Mabey and Hall to
be absorbed into another department but not likely.
Smith said as far as he knew
there has been no case of termination at FSC because of overstaffing in a department.
The Collegian contacted Rea
Friday and asked him about his
decision to terminate the professors. He said it would be •premature" to release any information prior to Dec. 1 when Baxter announces faculty reappointments.
Rea warned the Collegian that
it would be ln "bad taste" to
publish any information. He said
publicity could •prejudice someone's case (someone who may
have a legitimate grievance.)•
It could •jeopardize a probationary faculty by putting him in
a bad light,• he stated. •r advise the Collegian to get off that
kick immediately (trying to find
out who has
en recommended
for re ppo ntrn nt). •
The Coll
n called Schorling 's office Friday and asked
for a Ust of probationary (untenured) faculty member_ at
FSC showing whether they have
been recommended for reappointment.
Schorllng's secretary, Mrs.
Ruth Giddings, Said a list of
probationary fa cu 1 t y members
nd their s tu
•per onn 1 docum nt not vatl ble tor
public r cord,"
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
!111."l!la.Children of the barrio!li:i.•
•why did he cut your hair?•
• He said it was too long.•
Shamefaced and almost 1n
tears, Mexico-born John Garcia
took his seat in class. His head
was bald in spots. He tried to
hide the black tufts of hair that
stuck out all over. There was an
awkward silence. Garcia's humiliation was to serve as a warning to the other boys.
• Haircutting n e v e r works,•
Miss Maria Talavera, Garcia's
English teacher, complained later.
• All this does is force
them out of school. They've had
this kind of treatment since the
LETTER
Baxter's Reply
My wife sent me a copy of
the Chicano edition of the DAILY
COLLEGIAN (I'm working now in
the Bay area). I'm glad that the
injustice (withholding funds) has
been reversed. Yours is the tradition of EL MALCRIADO and
LA RAZA.
As a postscript and concrete
illustration of an immovable and
insensitive administration let me
quote -- in total -- President
Baxter's reply to my letter which
you printed on Nov. 2, 1970:
Dear Rev. Yinger: This will
acknowledge receipt of your
letter of Oct. 15 and lhe keys
which were enclosed.
Sincerely,
Norman A. Baxter
There it is! The burden on
the back of education. Who says
that students are •too idealistic
too impatient, too impractical.~
I have found you to be too right
in your perception of us who
teach, administer and legislate
the university to polarization.
Viva La Causal Viva La Huelga!
Winthrop Yinger
'We're supposed to believe we're inferior'
first grade. Why should they want
to stay in?• she added.
Miss Talavera teaches ninth
grade in a 1 a r g e 1 y MexicanAmerican junior high school in
East Los Angeles.
She pointed out th;it Anglo
youngsters are never given such
treatment as the one Garcia reeel ved from the vice-principal.
"There's one blond and freckled kid in my class with longer
hair than any of the Mexican kids.
Nobody will ever touch him,
though,• Miss Talavera said.
When questioned about the incident, a downcast Garcia said he
hated most of his teachers. "If
they're out to get me, why should
I like them? Why should I like
the math teacher who called me
a dirty Mexican?"
Miss Talavera, 23 and also a
Mexican-American, explained
that most classes were overcrowded-about 40 pupils to a
teacher. Attention is consequently poor or harsh.
"Most of the teachers take an
unsympathetic attitude towards
these kids and their cultural
background," she said. "Poor
students in this atmosphere become worse and eventually drop
out. Of course, nearly all are
poor to begin with."
John Garcia will probably drop
out. Or else he will transfer to
another school "for disciplinary
reasons." His situation is typical
in the crowded harrios (ghettos).
In the city's two predominantly
Mexican-American high schools
the average dropout rate is above
20 per cent. And average transfer
rates are far above 50 per cent
of the student body. This means
that a teacher will face essentially a different class at the end of
the school year than he faced at
its beginning.
Results of the Mexican-American Study Project at UCLA show
a startling pattern concerning
education and income.
The study found that on the
average, Spanish-surnamed persons (88% Mexican-American)
had much less schooling and income than white Anglos.
In California , for example.
those of Spanish surnames receive a median education of 8. 5
years and go on to receive an
average yearly income of$4,381.
The corresponding figures for
the Anglo group are 12.1 and $5, 806.
In Texas, Spanish-surnamed
persons finish an average of 4.8
years of school and receive an income of $2,400. For the Anglo
population the figures are 10,8
years and $4, 7G8.
The severest cases of low income and education are found
among rural migrant workers. In
the Southwest and Pacific states
alone, these workers total over
7G,000-almost entirely of Mexican des('ent. Their average annual income drops below $1,000 and
their schooling is generally from
one to four years.
Admittedly, the plight of the
migrant's c-hild is the worst He
r Joices with little more than
some shade anrt a handful of
f>ublished five days a w~f'k e:a:cept
holidays and e11amination perioda by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a aeme st er, $15 a year. Editorial office,
Keats Campua Building, telephone
487-2486 . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
SAY DUDE, [X)N'T SHIN[ MC ON,
AN 0°INION TO [XPf~CSS.
SAD THAT MY
worms
AHCN'T LONG
OH HAl -m TO SPELL.
I AM NOT WHITE,
Rafael Polanco
SO BEFORE IT BECOMES TOO LATE,
LISTEN TO MY WORDS AND MAYBE UNDERSTAND.
OR ELSE------------------Enrique
NOV. 17 -22
Phone Zl3-8l61
SteplieHon•lr■dfoNI
Silll Stereo
Ylllo90 llecorcls
Yanity Shop
Gottscholli'Morcecl, Ylsollo
Kl ■9 Stotl0Hr1, Ha■ford
Cooll•t• H•rclw•re
Lewis Travel, Tulare
Sponsored
by
Fro1110 Ice Hockey, Inc.
Studies for the spring semester?
I feel that the involvement of Ralph Vigil and Jose
Elgorriaga in La Raza Studies Program is at best
further example of tokenism. Their involvement
ran he likened to that of two pawns in a game
of colonial rule. They have been sent out to pick
up ttie pieces after suppression of Chicano leadership has reached an effective level.
BUT AT LEAST LISTEN,
MY WORLD AND LIFE ARE DIFFERENT,
700 "M" Street, Fresno
appointment as Acting Coordinator of La Raza
Carlos Hernandez
OON'T EXPECT OR WANT ME TO BE THE SAME,
CENTH ARENA
I Perfor•••cea
S EY0itl1ttl • 3 M•tl1tHI
*Tu••·• *W•d., •Thun. 1:00
Fri. 1:30 P.M.
S•t. *2:00 & 1:30 P.M.
Sun, §2:00 & •o:00 P.M.
•Yoi,ths 18 & Under 1/1 pric•
fSr. Cit, oS & over 1/1 price
Tic~eh: $5.00, $4.50, $4.00,
$3.00.
IOI OFFICES:
Coave11tlo11 Ce11ter
What was your reaction to Dr. Vigil's
can say that, after listening to these vatos
(Vigil and Elgorriaga), concerning their "ideas and
opinion " of the La Raza Studies· I feel that they
expressed ideas similar to those of the white,
middle class, status-seeking instructor that I am
accustomed to. To this time they have kept "no
whites .. in their place by pounding into them an irre~ "'vant education. thus preventing these people
from developing their full potential as individuals.
LIKE THAT STUDENT OR YOU.
NHNO CONVENTION
PEN SAM IENTOS
Sp aking from my frame of reference (Chicano),
TO YOU, 'TEACHER'
AND MAYR[ UNDE11:-;TAND.
Opinions expressed in Dally Collegian special editions are not necessarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
..• The president of the Chamber of Commerce declared in
praise of the school principal:
"He runs a good school.
We
Enrique Rodriguez
I TOO HAVr SOMETHING TO SAY,
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
strawberries.
School is still
something he knows during summers only. In most cases he remains illiterate,
Theodore W. Parsons, in a 1966
Stanford doctoral disserlation,
gives some distressing examples
of discrimination in an agricultural town. After 40 days of personal observation in a 58~ Mexican-American
e 1 em en tar y
school in central California. Parson cites:
.•• A teacher, asked why she
had called on "Johnny" to lead
five Mexicans in orderly file out
of the schoolroom, explained:
"His father owns one of the big
farms in the area and •.• one day
he will have to know how to handle
the Mexicans."
.•. Another teacher. following
the geneMl practice of calling
out Anglos to help Mexican pupils
recite in class, said in praise of
the system:
"It draws them
(Anglos) out and gives them a
feeling of importance.~
never have any trouble 1
n our
school.
Every kid knows h·
place. • . We believe that ev ls
kid has to learn to respect authery
ity and his betters."
or... The principal stated• "O
.
• nee
we let a Mexican girl give a littI
talk of some kind and all she di~
was mumble around. She had
quite an accent. too. Afterwards
we had several complaints from
p~rents_, so we haven't done anythmg llke that since. . • That
was about 12 years ago."
Disc rt mi nation goes beyond the
schools.
Especially in citie
this unwritten rule of the majo:~
ity envelops entire communities
Housing segregation is often th;
direct cause for ghetto school
zoning. The harsh truth of this
system is that the most UP-todate facilities are designed for
middle and upper class Anglo
districts.
Can the quality of a school
then, be disregarded: Can ane~
approach to teaching the Ms!xican-A merican youth be taken"
Can a curriculum--perhaps bi~
lingual in part--be scaled for him
and not just the Anglo student'.'
If the children of the barrio
are ever to be released from the
poverty traps of the ghetto, they
must first be given full opportunity for education of good quality.
BLACK AND BROWN STUDENTS
UCLA'S Graduate School of
Business Administration
will be interviewing prospective students
He (Dr. Vigil) like any other person who has
not experienced a true nationalistic feeling about
himself <'annot really identify hi ms elf with Chicanos
and the things they want. This is because he simply
does not feel or think the wav thev do.
One thing that made it ~ery ·clear he was not
going to work for us is when he almost quoted
that we should not have La Raza Studies in its
own department. but that it should be integrated
withfo the other departments at FSC so that the
white students could also benefit from these
courses. Dr. Baxter had said almost the same
thing word-for-word a few days earlier.
I do not think that La Raza Studies classes
would have much relevance to the. Chicano if the
classes are going to be integrated within the other
departments.
Phyllis Martin
I feel sorry for the dude.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20
to discuss the MBA, MS, and Phd
programs offered at the school.
We are interested in speaking with students from al I departments and major fields Qf study. Various programs are available for students with technical and non-technical backgrounds.
Some funds are available for students in financial need.
PLEASE CONTACT YOUR PLACEMENT OFFICE
Charley Rueda
I agree with Dr. Vigil's objective for an academically recognized La Raza Studies. By striving for
academically qualified instructors, this will do
much to insure a strong and viable La Raza
Studies in the longrun.
UFWOC
y
ton
y,
Don't eat scab lettuC:e!
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee urges an
consumers to buy union stamped
(black Aztec Eagle) lettuce for a
successful lettuce boycott aimed
to ease the farm worker's socio-economic plight.
In a printed statement by the
UFWOC staff, they revealed that:
The U.S. Department of Labor
estimated that even if the wages
of farm workers doubled and the
full increase were passed on to
the homemaker, she would pay
only a penny or two more for
a head of lettuce.
Actually, the extra money you
paid for lettuce went to lettuce
growers and middle men who deny
farm workers their right to bargain collectively for fair wages
and safe working conditions
through a union of their choiceUFWOC.
In the Salinas Valley where 70
percent of our country's lettuce
is grown, over 5,000 farm workers began a strike on August
24, 1970, after lettuce growers
refused to recognize their union
-UFWOC.
They wanted fair wages and
safe working conditions so that
they could care for their families. Conditions for them are so
bad now that the life expectancy
for migrant farm workers is a
shocking 49 years, while the average U.S. citizen lives over 70
years. Yet in return for the backbreaking work of cutting lettuce
under the merciless California
sun. they were being paid only
$1.75 per hour by a multi-btllion
dollar agribusiness. Although the
strike was both just and effective,
most lettuce growers refused
their workers' reasonable requests. They tried to force them
to accept backdoor agreements
from an outside union that did
not represent them. Violence and
intimidation were used against
the striking workers. Then the
Monterey County Judge, Anthony
Brazil, handed down a court order
forbidding them to exercise their
con~titutional right of strike
picketing. It broke their strike.
Farm workers have been deliberately excluded from the protectlon of the • ational L l or R lattons Act of 1935, leaving them
only dialogue, the strike and boycott as means for organizing.
Most lettuce growers refuse
dialogue and will not recogniz
their unlon-UFWOC.
'ow they can do nothing but
turn to you, t'..e consumer, for
the powerful help rou gave them
during the grape boycott.
PLEASE II E P MIGRA. T
FAR~! \ ORKERS VI ELF DETER 1£ 'ATIO JUSTICE DIGITY A \'OlJ DID THRO GH
TIIE GRAPE BOYCOTT! n Y
LETTUCE SELECTIVELY! Boycott all C allfornta, rt zona, nd
ew 1ex1co lettuce exc pt that
whi h carrl s th UFWO lab 1.
LOOK FOH TIIE AZTE EAG ·
0
THE LETTUCE \ l APPEH
OH nox. IT'S TIIE y moL [,
AF ETY A D DIG ITY.
o\· mb r 16, 1970
Food Drive
To many students, HU GER ls
myth - or o it seems by he
student turnout to help the Food
Drive Committee. On Tuesday,
Oct. 27, 1. . C.H.A.'s Food Drive
Committee sponsored a food
rive in front oC the ca!eterla.
The food collected wa •bones,•
taking in o onstder tlon the
thou ands of tudents on c mpu •
The re · c nn d o d nd the
little mon r collect ct went into
the rood drlve now being condu ted by th Economi Opportunity Commission. Another food
ctrlv will be conduc~ed on c mpu
later thl month tn hope th t
more tud nt h Ip hy don Ung
food or mon y for the poor nd
hungry.
YUlJA
T
HER IA
is to avoid this conflict, then they
are ignoring the needs of the students and serving as mere lackeys of the Baxter regime. Secondly, we need a unified program
created with the involvement of
community members. We do not
need a bogus Minority Advisory
Council or a white-washed disjointed La Raza Sludies!
COMENTARIO.
Vigil's appointment
insult to Chicanos
By Victor Salazar
The appointment of Dr. Ralph
Vigil as acting head of La Raza
studies is a direct insult to those
of us who have committed ourselves to the attainmentofequality for all Chicanos.
Although Ralph Vigil is in the
position to make major critical
decisions for ~he future development of La R.. ,a Studies at Fresno State College, he is totally
unqualified to recognize, much
less determine, the strategic
needs of a La Raza Studies Programs. He has stated "for all
rights and purposes I am white
. , • Lee Trevino (professional
golfer) has done more for the
Mexican-American cause than
anyone else."
He has also stated that he didn't
really believe in the concept of
La Raza. How can a man with
such an orientation, desire to
much less, direct a valid La Raza
Studies Program that would be
both relevant and conducive to
the aspirations of the Chicano
community?
The La Raza Studies Selec-
tion Committee is a farce and a
threat to the recruiting of adequate and qualified teaching personnel oriented in the field of La
Raza Studies. Dr. Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard, couldn't possibly be aware of the conditions
and needs relevant to the hiring
of La Raza Studies personnel. So
we have Ralph Vigil, a selfproclaimed white man; Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard; and on
Ct1~-: t.10, Jerome Marquez. These
men will be the committee responsible for the future hiring of
La Raza Studies instructors.
The present La Raza Studies
Program is in direct opposition
to our beliefs. Therefore, Mr.
Baxter, we as Chicanos will move
against those forces which have
denied us freedom of expression and human dignity. Our heritage has been one of constant
struggle and we will not fall before your meager attempt to halt
or distort our self-determination. we will not allow you to dictate our heritage, our culture, our
views nor our aspirations.
Hasta La Victoria
Looking for something DIFFERENT?
':"'
OL
I\. I
u~
a
~
I
~v.,c.P.
~s
ti..\Q\
u ~\-,
l',_
EF
~A TIN
.
PONCHOS - from Ecuador - Otavalo Indians
colorful, stylish - each different - , . $9,-95 up
'-HOULDER BAGS - Ecuador - Salusaca Indians
~
sturdy carry-all - nice as gifts .. $3.95 a~d.up
FABRICK LENGTHS - Guatemala - make striking
maxi skirts - solids, stripes , • • , -~3.99 yar~
stores. Please help us ln our
struggle and boycott scab lettuce.
Viva La Huelgal
Public Relations
Committee
ECHA Public Relations has
begun a series of community contacts, beginning With some of the
major churches ln the area. The
purpose of these contacts ls to
improve relations between the
community and the Chicano stuent .
Junior colleges and high
schools throughout the valley are
being contacted in order to gain
more support on the t sue ot La
Raza tudles t FSC. AS part of
th MECHA Concillo, Public Rel tions finds It necessary to
bridge some ot the communication gap
reated on campus.
Anyone wishing to meet as a
group to discuss the Chicano
tudent Movement or the issues
surrounding La Raza at Fresno
State Co 11 e g e should contact
MECHA members to make necessary arrangements.
La Raza Studies Program
takes turn for the worse
cano student involvement in the
initial stage of restoring La Raza
Studies. There exists a conflict
between the Baxter regime and
Chicano students as to what a La
Raza Studies should be. Baxter
wants academic integrity but not
a vehicle for concrete social
change. We want both. If the intention of Vigil and Elgorriaga
3
NOTICIAS
COMENTARIO
By Carlos Hernandez
The immediate future of La
Raza Studies is now in the hands
of Ralph Vigil and Jose Elgorriaga. Their appointment as acting co-ordinator of La Raza
Studies and chairman of La Raza
Selections Committee, respectively, is a definite turn for the
worse for the Chicano community. An indication of this fact is
that under their d.irection La
Raza courses will be offered in
the various departments of the
college rather tuan a separate department. The implications of
this move are twofold. First,
since La Raza faculty is being
hired by several departments,
the chairmen of these departments are in a position to insure
that the Selections Committee
will keep philosophical differences between Baxter and La
Raza faculty to an absolute minimum, No one shall rock the boat.
Remember. Baxter runs a tight
ship! Secondly, with La Raza
faculty separated and philosophical differences few, if any, the
faculty unity necessary for the
development of a La Raza Studies
Department 'Vill be. in effect,
non-existent.
Another indication of a turn for
the worse is the lack of Chicano
student involvement in the formulation of next semester's La Raza
Studies. In a MECHA meeting
last Wednesday, Elgorriagaindicated that this situation was due
to the fact that he and Vigil were
working in a vacuum. He stated
that a great impasse had enveloped La Raza Studies in September. Thus, the situation warranted, ,for purposes of efficiency, the exclusion of student involvement. Elgorriaga continued
by giving indications that once
some semblance of a La Raza
Studies was restored, student involvement in the future direction
of the program would be up to
the students.
However. Elgorriaga seems to
be ignorant of the fact that a good
part of Chicano student leadership is deliberately being muffled either through economic
strangulation, legal proceedings,
or both. One wonders what students and what type of involvement Elgorriaga envisions for the
future.
In sun, mation, Vigil and Elgorriaga are, first, making a
drastic mistake by excluding Chi-
THE DAILY COLLEGIA
Huelga Committee
The Huelga Committee is one
of the most important branches
of MEC IIA. Its main purpose
is to unite the students and the
campesino by working with each
other in the struggles of La
Huelga. Since most of the Chicano students at Fresno State
College have worked most of their
lives in the fields, the validity
of the huelga is well understood
and accepted.
The Huelga Committee got together and went to Delano. There
they picked up posters and leaflets explaining the validity of the
boycott on lettuce. This material
was later passed out on the FSC
campus. The lettuce boycott is
still on and we are planning to
put it into effect in Fresno.
Many people are ignorant of the
lettuce boycott and have to be
made aware or educated.
Safeway has chosen to be our
opponent again, after a straight
knockout the first time; so 1t
has asked for a rematch. Next
Saturday, Nov. 21, we will be
passing out leanets, concerning
the huelga, at the main Safeway
Junior College
Committee
The Junlor College Commitee
was organized through MECHA
for the purpose of maintaining
direct and current communication and information between
Junior Colleges and State Colleges. This year the committee
is ln the process of starting
communication between the College of Sequoias, Reedley Junior
College, Modesto Junior College,
Merced Junior College and Fresno City Junior College.
"'··············-·,
■NEW YORK
$139.■
I
I
■
LV. DEC. 18 -RETURN JAN. 3
LV. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■
L V. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■ LONDON
■ LONDON
■
■
■
I
■I
■
Cbristmlls Charter Fligbt1
LV. DEC. 20
R0UNDTR1'9
I
$246.a
'TRI.._
ROUND
$139.1
OfE WAY ■
These flighri .,. ~ ro rruo\ffltl, faculty, 1tnf
employtltll Md rhtdr ~ fami~
SPRING a SUMMER FLIGHT SCH£OULIES TO EUROPE
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
FOR SCJiEDVLF.S. CA.LI. OR WlUTB
All
Phone (4151 832-2902
lights are op rat d by Capitol lntemationel
I ~---,,.----1111.&IL
invaya
■
I
■
■
.!C!!>~?.!.O.!l.t~~H.!'J!f.!29!M!2'L---- ■
■-~~::~~:V,f'NIM•-----------Calif. 94701
■'
~,........ ________________......~--,..... ..... '"'lnforffleltk," -
■~-----------
....................
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
•I FSC NO! ... Ii
!li."111 i CHEA SI!
By Abran Queredo
It has become absolutely clear
to many Chicanos that the development of a program of higher
education for them cannot in any
way take place within the existing
institutional structure of Fresn0
state College.
Last year, ('69-'70) Chicano
students and faculty attempted to
establish a •whole" program, one
that dealt with the total needs of
the Chicano student. The three
areas of emphasis were to be:
1. Humanities (Chicano
culture)
2. Community development
3. Education
Culture classes were designed
in order to help the student identify himself as part of the •Chicano Culture." In the case of
language, an indisputable element
of all cultures, the student was
told that it was natural for a
Chicano to speak thewayhedoes.
For all his life, one ear has been
tuned in to English while the other
has been tuned in to Spanish. So
it is natural for the Chicano to
speak in a way that combines both
the English and Spanish languages, and added to this is a
whole list of words that come not
from either language, but from
the indigenous peoples of this
hemisphere. The Chicanos' way
of speaking is not a lack of style,
but rather a new style, a new
language, that is part of a new
culture, the Chicano Culture. For
too long we have been told that
we speak unnatural, unstylish
and should be ashamed of our way
of talking. One project that was
underway last year as a result
of this orientation, was the making of a Chicano dictionary.
The area of community development and involvement was undoubtedly the thorn in the side of
the people that control the power
structure in this valley anti pull
the strings on those who ser e
as puppets for them in all Valley
institutions. When students joined
the "Huelga" picket lines and did
what they could do for poor people in Hanford, who were asking
for the implementation of the
Federal Food Stamp Program in
Kings County , the puppet masters
were angered and started pulling
strings to systematically eliminate La Raza Studies. Agri-business and the Power Structure are
one and the same. In the valley,
the number one enemy of agribusiness is the United Farm
Workers union, headed by Cesar
Chavez.
Fresno State College Chicanos
are the sons and daughters of
farm workers and have every
right to picket and protest with .
their parents for the betterment
of La Raza. Our parents were
harrassed, thrown in jail and discriminated- against in the valley
by the Agri-business racist barons. We did not stand by in the
ivory tower atmosphere of Fresno State and turn our backs on our
Raza last year. We were active,
we were involved, and the power
people didn't like it.
The educational component of
La Raza Studies dealt_with the
Chicano as a student with emphasis on a billngual and bicultural arrangement. A Bachelor of Arts degree course of
study was put into proposal form
MANAGER
IANT ADS
dom needed to develop an effective program.
This year as most of you know,
there is no La Raza Studies under
the Ethnic Studies Department.
A group of Chicanos have been
preparing for this final blow since
last spring. This group calls its
organization CHEA, Chicanos for
Educational Alternatives.
The g~oup believes that the only
~lternahve left to Chicanos Wishing ~o continue their education is
to first create their own ectu
tional institution. Fresno Stcat.
ae
c ol 1ege ts
not for CHICANOS,
PART II next issue .
Teatro Campesino portrays urban and rural Chicanos
Member s of Tcatro r.ampe<;ino perform before a n al1dicncr. of campcsino<; and their fan,iliec;.
The Teatro Campesino grew
out of the Ifuelga in Delano around
October. 1%:i. Anyone who has
been on an agricultural picket
line can see how natural it is for
strikers to want to mimic the patrones, contratistas, S<'ahs and
sheriffs. Anyone who was in Delano at the beginning of the long,
bitter. humorless struggle and
saw the depression of the strikers
could easily see the need to make
them laugh. So we developed a
broad, fast-paced, almost slapstick style of comedy using the
stock of farm labor: the patron .
the contractor, the scab. etc,
Reality was our theater. Everything was improvised. but we soon
developed our own short dramatic
form, the "acto," which can be
described as "somewhere between Brecht and Cantinflas."
In the Spring of 1966, the
huelga marched to Sacramento,
and the Teatro became the focal point of nightly rallies during
the 25-day , 300-mile pilgrimage.
Shortly afterwards. we began
making tours to raise funds and
Assistant Resident
support the Union. First to the
Northwest, then Southwest and
finally in 1967, across the U.S.
(In 1908 we received an offYoung married couple
Broadway Obie award in New
Janted to manage 24 apt.
York.)
nits. Send resume to
In September. 19 67 we left
1387 E. San Bruno
Delano and established an indeApt. H
pendent cultural center in Del
Fresno 93710
Rey, California. At this point
the emphasis of the Teatro
changed from the Huelga to La
Raza, which included the farm
workers struggle but also the
Furn 2 BR across from dorms urban Chicanos. We began to
$1 60 or $45 person. 439-6481 perform actos on Chicano themes
using new barrio characters: the
'51 Ford 3 sp hurst full leather pachuco, the family, the gringoint . Craig gauges, $200, 264-9354 ized Mexican, etc. This led to
WANTED
and presented for approval but
the administration managed to
evade it for the entire year. All
other efforts aimed at developing
an educational program for Chicanos were hampered by the constant confrontations forced upon
us by the administration. We were
deprived of the necessary free-
the prorlurhon of our fir t fulllength play "The Shrunken Head
of Pancho Villa" . hY Luis Valdez, which symbolizes the social
despair of the Chicano family.
In 1%9. Wt' hit the road again
and upon invitation. pi:>rformi:>d J.t
the World Theater Festival in
Nancy, France. We also move<i
our base to Fresno and spent the
entire summer performing in rural towns and labor ramps. In
the fall. we completed our first
full-length film hased on a poem
hy Rudolfo "Corky'· Gonzales.
Our repertory now included fulllength plays, puppet shows. films.
and a cal a vera band as we 11 as
actos.
The rural Chicano is still our
main focus. We perform free for
farm workers during the harvest
season and tour the colleges and
universities during the fall.
Our primary aim is to combat
poverty and oppression in the
heart of the richest agricultural
valley in the world. So the prevailing message is still a direct
one: Organizense Haza! Politically and Economically'.
Our theater contains much
laughter and song. We strive to
create life images of our own
people 011 stage. Our character.
situa tions . bilingual 5pee<'h. all
reflect the daily li ft> of tile urban
:rnrt rural Chic·an')s of thP Southw1.:st. ln its warmth and irony,
La Raza provides 1°nough material for rountless plays.
Our
satin' is based on simple recognition of common human failings.
It is only with injusti('e anrl the
inhuma11 institutions that we are
uncompromising.
We join with 0ur earnales
across tht> Southwest in calling
our part of Occupied '.\1exico hy
its ancient indio title: A ztlan.
We will consider our job done
when even· one of our people
has regarded his sense of personal ctignity and pride i11 history. culture and Raza .
ACHILLES
ARMS
OUI ET ::, E TTI NG
FOR SERIOU S
S TUDENTS
Space for male & female
Reasonable Rates
5280 North 6th st.
Phone 224-5897
SPECIALS
CANVAS BAG
for carr y ing
800 KS
9 5 ~-
NAVY
BELL
only
BOTTOMS
549
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSES
229
ALL ART
MATERIALS
2 0%
DISCOUNT
SUEDE FRINGED
VESTS, PURSES,
HATS etc.
ST\'Dl-'1'iTSEAR \J EXTl ~A MONEY!
Need donors for P lasrna -
1 - GROUP
can sell twice a week
$5 for Complete Collection
Ca l I 485-4821
For Appointment
Hours 7:10 a.m. - 3:30 p.ni.
CALIF. BLOOD BANK
FOUNDATION
412 F Street - Fresno
up
-.,.,~,M THIS YEAR" - N.Y. Tl
.AMIKE Nl['JIOLS FILM
AlJN~KIN 1.•i•
~'
l&l!tlllll
JOSfPI
COMPLETC
STOCK
4
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1970
'OVERSTAFFING' IS CITED
Head of philosophy department,
two others face non-retention
Br Burton Swope
Collegian Editor-in-chief
The dean :,f the School of Humaniti~s, riling ''overstaffing" as
DR. RALPH
c. REA
the key factor in his decision, has
reeommended that the chairman
of the philo'iophy departm('11t and
two other professors not be reappointed to the faculty for the
coming academic year.
Dr. James !'vl. Smith, Chairman
of the Department of Philosophy,
said Friday he and Assistant Professors of Philosophy Rendell N.
Mabey and Elton A. Hall have been
notified by Acting Dean Dr . Ralph
C, Rea he is recommending their
"non-reappointment•.
None of the professors has
tenure.
Smith said the philosophy department now has 11 faculty
members and according to the
school's staff - generating formula there should only be eight.
Ha said that Rea in informing the
philosophy professors of their
"non-appolntmt>nt" stated that it
clu "to the neces •ity of rf>duc-ing faculty" In conformance
w1 th the formula.
Rea made it
clear that the terminations were
W:iS
he111g made "without prejudice•.
That m ans the three faculty
members can be rehired by the
college 1f and when openings occur in the philosophy department.
EDITORIAL
THE STUDENTS' RIGHT TO KNOW
Last Friday when reporters of the Daily Collegian were trying to
verify rumors that the chairman of the philosophy department and
two other professors were getting the axe. they were warned by the
Dean of the School of Humanities to mind their own business. The
repiy to that is today's lead story.
Staff members of the Daily Collegian will not be intimidated or
persuaded into silence on issues that affect the lives and general
welfare of the students and the college. Whe professors on campus
are being recommended for "'non-reappointment" or are being moved
on in any way, it is the students' business. They have a right to know.
Changes in faculty in any department can mean changes in the quality
of education rec et ved by students at this college.
H is well known that the Acting Dean of the School of Humanities,
Dr. Ralph c, Rea. is an appointee of the Falk Administration. It is
well known that R·ea and the Department of Philosophy, as well as
other departments within the School of Humanities, are in disagreement about many things. It ts well known that those being
recommended for termination (Dr. James M. Smith, Rendell Mabey
and Elton Hall) are liberals. Smith is past president of the United
Professors of California and has opposed the Board of Trustees and
administration on many issues. Mabey has been outspoken against
the administration and the Vietnam war. Hall shares the same distinction.
Rea's recommendation they not be retained for the coming academic year smells like a purge. It fits in beautifully with the current
pattern of repression gripping the campus.
And Rea would have us mind our own business.
Could it be Rea's reasons for recommending non-retention, and
his coolness to proposals for absorbing excess faculty into other departments cannot stand the light of day? could it be Rea would have
us wait t~ break the news of their non- retention when Baxter announces faculty reappointments on Dec. 1, thus taking much of th e
heat away from him and placing it on Baxter? Or is it simply that,
like manv self-righteous and pompous administrators, Rea considers
students· children who should not concern themselves with what th e
"grown-ups" do?
Rea ·s warning to the Collegian that publicity priorto Dec. 1 con. reappointments may some h ow "J·eopardize faculty with
cerning faculty
· a "bad light• cannot be taken
legitimate grievances" or put them m
seriously. It would seem the faculty are already jeopardized by
Rea's recommendations and his attitude toward them, and if anyone
is put in a "bad light" it would have to be Rea himself.
There is nothing in the Board on Publications guidelines that says
the Collegian will shut up when intimidated and thre~tened by :~~dents faculty or administrators. What is happening m th e Dep mer.f 'of Philosop~y and in other areas of the campus cannot and
sho~ld not be hidden from the view of the student body• ~he students'
right to know shall prevail despite the Dean of Humanities.
'
-Burton Swope
DR. JAMES M. SMI TI-I
RENDELL MABEY
Rea's recom mendatfons are
made to Acting Vice President
Dr. Horace o. Schorllng and go
through the Personnel Com mlttee. Fresno State College President Dr. Norman A. Baxter will
announce faculty reappointments
for the coming academic year
on Dec. 1.
Chairmen of the various departments withln the School of
Humanities met with Rea and
Schorling Friday afternoon to
discuss the recommendations;
Smith said the philosophy department proposed that other
departments and schools absorb
the overstaffing.
He said the
meeting was "'inconclusive•, but
he believes the philosophy department will get other departments' support for absorbing excess staff. According to Smith,
Rea and Schorling were •cool"
to the proposal, however.
Sources in touch with the situation said they do not believe the
support of other departments will
make a difference. They said
Rea's general position is that
· staffing should strictly conform
to the formula, that absorbing
excess staff into other departments is •temporary• when it
should be •permanent•.
They
said lt ls possible Rea will allow Smith, Mabey and Hall to
be absorbed into another department but not likely.
Smith said as far as he knew
there has been no case of termination at FSC because of overstaffing in a department.
The Collegian contacted Rea
Friday and asked him about his
decision to terminate the professors. He said it would be •premature" to release any information prior to Dec. 1 when Baxter announces faculty reappointments.
Rea warned the Collegian that
it would be ln "bad taste" to
publish any information. He said
publicity could •prejudice someone's case (someone who may
have a legitimate grievance.)•
It could •jeopardize a probationary faculty by putting him in
a bad light,• he stated. •r advise the Collegian to get off that
kick immediately (trying to find
out who has
en recommended
for re ppo ntrn nt). •
The Coll
n called Schorling 's office Friday and asked
for a Ust of probationary (untenured) faculty member_ at
FSC showing whether they have
been recommended for reappointment.
Schorllng's secretary, Mrs.
Ruth Giddings, Said a list of
probationary fa cu 1 t y members
nd their s tu
•per onn 1 docum nt not vatl ble tor
public r cord,"
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
!111."l!la.Children of the barrio!li:i.•
•why did he cut your hair?•
• He said it was too long.•
Shamefaced and almost 1n
tears, Mexico-born John Garcia
took his seat in class. His head
was bald in spots. He tried to
hide the black tufts of hair that
stuck out all over. There was an
awkward silence. Garcia's humiliation was to serve as a warning to the other boys.
• Haircutting n e v e r works,•
Miss Maria Talavera, Garcia's
English teacher, complained later.
• All this does is force
them out of school. They've had
this kind of treatment since the
LETTER
Baxter's Reply
My wife sent me a copy of
the Chicano edition of the DAILY
COLLEGIAN (I'm working now in
the Bay area). I'm glad that the
injustice (withholding funds) has
been reversed. Yours is the tradition of EL MALCRIADO and
LA RAZA.
As a postscript and concrete
illustration of an immovable and
insensitive administration let me
quote -- in total -- President
Baxter's reply to my letter which
you printed on Nov. 2, 1970:
Dear Rev. Yinger: This will
acknowledge receipt of your
letter of Oct. 15 and lhe keys
which were enclosed.
Sincerely,
Norman A. Baxter
There it is! The burden on
the back of education. Who says
that students are •too idealistic
too impatient, too impractical.~
I have found you to be too right
in your perception of us who
teach, administer and legislate
the university to polarization.
Viva La Causal Viva La Huelga!
Winthrop Yinger
'We're supposed to believe we're inferior'
first grade. Why should they want
to stay in?• she added.
Miss Talavera teaches ninth
grade in a 1 a r g e 1 y MexicanAmerican junior high school in
East Los Angeles.
She pointed out th;it Anglo
youngsters are never given such
treatment as the one Garcia reeel ved from the vice-principal.
"There's one blond and freckled kid in my class with longer
hair than any of the Mexican kids.
Nobody will ever touch him,
though,• Miss Talavera said.
When questioned about the incident, a downcast Garcia said he
hated most of his teachers. "If
they're out to get me, why should
I like them? Why should I like
the math teacher who called me
a dirty Mexican?"
Miss Talavera, 23 and also a
Mexican-American, explained
that most classes were overcrowded-about 40 pupils to a
teacher. Attention is consequently poor or harsh.
"Most of the teachers take an
unsympathetic attitude towards
these kids and their cultural
background," she said. "Poor
students in this atmosphere become worse and eventually drop
out. Of course, nearly all are
poor to begin with."
John Garcia will probably drop
out. Or else he will transfer to
another school "for disciplinary
reasons." His situation is typical
in the crowded harrios (ghettos).
In the city's two predominantly
Mexican-American high schools
the average dropout rate is above
20 per cent. And average transfer
rates are far above 50 per cent
of the student body. This means
that a teacher will face essentially a different class at the end of
the school year than he faced at
its beginning.
Results of the Mexican-American Study Project at UCLA show
a startling pattern concerning
education and income.
The study found that on the
average, Spanish-surnamed persons (88% Mexican-American)
had much less schooling and income than white Anglos.
In California , for example.
those of Spanish surnames receive a median education of 8. 5
years and go on to receive an
average yearly income of$4,381.
The corresponding figures for
the Anglo group are 12.1 and $5, 806.
In Texas, Spanish-surnamed
persons finish an average of 4.8
years of school and receive an income of $2,400. For the Anglo
population the figures are 10,8
years and $4, 7G8.
The severest cases of low income and education are found
among rural migrant workers. In
the Southwest and Pacific states
alone, these workers total over
7G,000-almost entirely of Mexican des('ent. Their average annual income drops below $1,000 and
their schooling is generally from
one to four years.
Admittedly, the plight of the
migrant's c-hild is the worst He
r Joices with little more than
some shade anrt a handful of
f>ublished five days a w~f'k e:a:cept
holidays and e11amination perioda by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a aeme st er, $15 a year. Editorial office,
Keats Campua Building, telephone
487-2486 . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
SAY DUDE, [X)N'T SHIN[ MC ON,
AN 0°INION TO [XPf~CSS.
SAD THAT MY
worms
AHCN'T LONG
OH HAl -m TO SPELL.
I AM NOT WHITE,
Rafael Polanco
SO BEFORE IT BECOMES TOO LATE,
LISTEN TO MY WORDS AND MAYBE UNDERSTAND.
OR ELSE------------------Enrique
NOV. 17 -22
Phone Zl3-8l61
SteplieHon•lr■dfoNI
Silll Stereo
Ylllo90 llecorcls
Yanity Shop
Gottscholli'Morcecl, Ylsollo
Kl ■9 Stotl0Hr1, Ha■ford
Cooll•t• H•rclw•re
Lewis Travel, Tulare
Sponsored
by
Fro1110 Ice Hockey, Inc.
Studies for the spring semester?
I feel that the involvement of Ralph Vigil and Jose
Elgorriaga in La Raza Studies Program is at best
further example of tokenism. Their involvement
ran he likened to that of two pawns in a game
of colonial rule. They have been sent out to pick
up ttie pieces after suppression of Chicano leadership has reached an effective level.
BUT AT LEAST LISTEN,
MY WORLD AND LIFE ARE DIFFERENT,
700 "M" Street, Fresno
appointment as Acting Coordinator of La Raza
Carlos Hernandez
OON'T EXPECT OR WANT ME TO BE THE SAME,
CENTH ARENA
I Perfor•••cea
S EY0itl1ttl • 3 M•tl1tHI
*Tu••·• *W•d., •Thun. 1:00
Fri. 1:30 P.M.
S•t. *2:00 & 1:30 P.M.
Sun, §2:00 & •o:00 P.M.
•Yoi,ths 18 & Under 1/1 pric•
fSr. Cit, oS & over 1/1 price
Tic~eh: $5.00, $4.50, $4.00,
$3.00.
IOI OFFICES:
Coave11tlo11 Ce11ter
What was your reaction to Dr. Vigil's
can say that, after listening to these vatos
(Vigil and Elgorriaga), concerning their "ideas and
opinion " of the La Raza Studies· I feel that they
expressed ideas similar to those of the white,
middle class, status-seeking instructor that I am
accustomed to. To this time they have kept "no
whites .. in their place by pounding into them an irre~ "'vant education. thus preventing these people
from developing their full potential as individuals.
LIKE THAT STUDENT OR YOU.
NHNO CONVENTION
PEN SAM IENTOS
Sp aking from my frame of reference (Chicano),
TO YOU, 'TEACHER'
AND MAYR[ UNDE11:-;TAND.
Opinions expressed in Dally Collegian special editions are not necessarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
..• The president of the Chamber of Commerce declared in
praise of the school principal:
"He runs a good school.
We
Enrique Rodriguez
I TOO HAVr SOMETHING TO SAY,
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
strawberries.
School is still
something he knows during summers only. In most cases he remains illiterate,
Theodore W. Parsons, in a 1966
Stanford doctoral disserlation,
gives some distressing examples
of discrimination in an agricultural town. After 40 days of personal observation in a 58~ Mexican-American
e 1 em en tar y
school in central California. Parson cites:
.•• A teacher, asked why she
had called on "Johnny" to lead
five Mexicans in orderly file out
of the schoolroom, explained:
"His father owns one of the big
farms in the area and •.• one day
he will have to know how to handle
the Mexicans."
.•. Another teacher. following
the geneMl practice of calling
out Anglos to help Mexican pupils
recite in class, said in praise of
the system:
"It draws them
(Anglos) out and gives them a
feeling of importance.~
never have any trouble 1
n our
school.
Every kid knows h·
place. • . We believe that ev ls
kid has to learn to respect authery
ity and his betters."
or... The principal stated• "O
.
• nee
we let a Mexican girl give a littI
talk of some kind and all she di~
was mumble around. She had
quite an accent. too. Afterwards
we had several complaints from
p~rents_, so we haven't done anythmg llke that since. . • That
was about 12 years ago."
Disc rt mi nation goes beyond the
schools.
Especially in citie
this unwritten rule of the majo:~
ity envelops entire communities
Housing segregation is often th;
direct cause for ghetto school
zoning. The harsh truth of this
system is that the most UP-todate facilities are designed for
middle and upper class Anglo
districts.
Can the quality of a school
then, be disregarded: Can ane~
approach to teaching the Ms!xican-A merican youth be taken"
Can a curriculum--perhaps bi~
lingual in part--be scaled for him
and not just the Anglo student'.'
If the children of the barrio
are ever to be released from the
poverty traps of the ghetto, they
must first be given full opportunity for education of good quality.
BLACK AND BROWN STUDENTS
UCLA'S Graduate School of
Business Administration
will be interviewing prospective students
He (Dr. Vigil) like any other person who has
not experienced a true nationalistic feeling about
himself <'annot really identify hi ms elf with Chicanos
and the things they want. This is because he simply
does not feel or think the wav thev do.
One thing that made it ~ery ·clear he was not
going to work for us is when he almost quoted
that we should not have La Raza Studies in its
own department. but that it should be integrated
withfo the other departments at FSC so that the
white students could also benefit from these
courses. Dr. Baxter had said almost the same
thing word-for-word a few days earlier.
I do not think that La Raza Studies classes
would have much relevance to the. Chicano if the
classes are going to be integrated within the other
departments.
Phyllis Martin
I feel sorry for the dude.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20
to discuss the MBA, MS, and Phd
programs offered at the school.
We are interested in speaking with students from al I departments and major fields Qf study. Various programs are available for students with technical and non-technical backgrounds.
Some funds are available for students in financial need.
PLEASE CONTACT YOUR PLACEMENT OFFICE
Charley Rueda
I agree with Dr. Vigil's objective for an academically recognized La Raza Studies. By striving for
academically qualified instructors, this will do
much to insure a strong and viable La Raza
Studies in the longrun.
UFWOC
y
ton
y,
Don't eat scab lettuC:e!
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee urges an
consumers to buy union stamped
(black Aztec Eagle) lettuce for a
successful lettuce boycott aimed
to ease the farm worker's socio-economic plight.
In a printed statement by the
UFWOC staff, they revealed that:
The U.S. Department of Labor
estimated that even if the wages
of farm workers doubled and the
full increase were passed on to
the homemaker, she would pay
only a penny or two more for
a head of lettuce.
Actually, the extra money you
paid for lettuce went to lettuce
growers and middle men who deny
farm workers their right to bargain collectively for fair wages
and safe working conditions
through a union of their choiceUFWOC.
In the Salinas Valley where 70
percent of our country's lettuce
is grown, over 5,000 farm workers began a strike on August
24, 1970, after lettuce growers
refused to recognize their union
-UFWOC.
They wanted fair wages and
safe working conditions so that
they could care for their families. Conditions for them are so
bad now that the life expectancy
for migrant farm workers is a
shocking 49 years, while the average U.S. citizen lives over 70
years. Yet in return for the backbreaking work of cutting lettuce
under the merciless California
sun. they were being paid only
$1.75 per hour by a multi-btllion
dollar agribusiness. Although the
strike was both just and effective,
most lettuce growers refused
their workers' reasonable requests. They tried to force them
to accept backdoor agreements
from an outside union that did
not represent them. Violence and
intimidation were used against
the striking workers. Then the
Monterey County Judge, Anthony
Brazil, handed down a court order
forbidding them to exercise their
con~titutional right of strike
picketing. It broke their strike.
Farm workers have been deliberately excluded from the protectlon of the • ational L l or R lattons Act of 1935, leaving them
only dialogue, the strike and boycott as means for organizing.
Most lettuce growers refuse
dialogue and will not recogniz
their unlon-UFWOC.
'ow they can do nothing but
turn to you, t'..e consumer, for
the powerful help rou gave them
during the grape boycott.
PLEASE II E P MIGRA. T
FAR~! \ ORKERS VI ELF DETER 1£ 'ATIO JUSTICE DIGITY A \'OlJ DID THRO GH
TIIE GRAPE BOYCOTT! n Y
LETTUCE SELECTIVELY! Boycott all C allfornta, rt zona, nd
ew 1ex1co lettuce exc pt that
whi h carrl s th UFWO lab 1.
LOOK FOH TIIE AZTE EAG ·
0
THE LETTUCE \ l APPEH
OH nox. IT'S TIIE y moL [,
AF ETY A D DIG ITY.
o\· mb r 16, 1970
Food Drive
To many students, HU GER ls
myth - or o it seems by he
student turnout to help the Food
Drive Committee. On Tuesday,
Oct. 27, 1. . C.H.A.'s Food Drive
Committee sponsored a food
rive in front oC the ca!eterla.
The food collected wa •bones,•
taking in o onstder tlon the
thou ands of tudents on c mpu •
The re · c nn d o d nd the
little mon r collect ct went into
the rood drlve now being condu ted by th Economi Opportunity Commission. Another food
ctrlv will be conduc~ed on c mpu
later thl month tn hope th t
more tud nt h Ip hy don Ung
food or mon y for the poor nd
hungry.
YUlJA
T
HER IA
is to avoid this conflict, then they
are ignoring the needs of the students and serving as mere lackeys of the Baxter regime. Secondly, we need a unified program
created with the involvement of
community members. We do not
need a bogus Minority Advisory
Council or a white-washed disjointed La Raza Sludies!
COMENTARIO.
Vigil's appointment
insult to Chicanos
By Victor Salazar
The appointment of Dr. Ralph
Vigil as acting head of La Raza
studies is a direct insult to those
of us who have committed ourselves to the attainmentofequality for all Chicanos.
Although Ralph Vigil is in the
position to make major critical
decisions for ~he future development of La R.. ,a Studies at Fresno State College, he is totally
unqualified to recognize, much
less determine, the strategic
needs of a La Raza Studies Programs. He has stated "for all
rights and purposes I am white
. , • Lee Trevino (professional
golfer) has done more for the
Mexican-American cause than
anyone else."
He has also stated that he didn't
really believe in the concept of
La Raza. How can a man with
such an orientation, desire to
much less, direct a valid La Raza
Studies Program that would be
both relevant and conducive to
the aspirations of the Chicano
community?
The La Raza Studies Selec-
tion Committee is a farce and a
threat to the recruiting of adequate and qualified teaching personnel oriented in the field of La
Raza Studies. Dr. Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard, couldn't possibly be aware of the conditions
and needs relevant to the hiring
of La Raza Studies personnel. So
we have Ralph Vigil, a selfproclaimed white man; Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard; and on
Ct1~-: t.10, Jerome Marquez. These
men will be the committee responsible for the future hiring of
La Raza Studies instructors.
The present La Raza Studies
Program is in direct opposition
to our beliefs. Therefore, Mr.
Baxter, we as Chicanos will move
against those forces which have
denied us freedom of expression and human dignity. Our heritage has been one of constant
struggle and we will not fall before your meager attempt to halt
or distort our self-determination. we will not allow you to dictate our heritage, our culture, our
views nor our aspirations.
Hasta La Victoria
Looking for something DIFFERENT?
':"'
OL
I\. I
u~
a
~
I
~v.,c.P.
~s
ti..\Q\
u ~\-,
l',_
EF
~A TIN
.
PONCHOS - from Ecuador - Otavalo Indians
colorful, stylish - each different - , . $9,-95 up
'-HOULDER BAGS - Ecuador - Salusaca Indians
~
sturdy carry-all - nice as gifts .. $3.95 a~d.up
FABRICK LENGTHS - Guatemala - make striking
maxi skirts - solids, stripes , • • , -~3.99 yar~
stores. Please help us ln our
struggle and boycott scab lettuce.
Viva La Huelgal
Public Relations
Committee
ECHA Public Relations has
begun a series of community contacts, beginning With some of the
major churches ln the area. The
purpose of these contacts ls to
improve relations between the
community and the Chicano stuent .
Junior colleges and high
schools throughout the valley are
being contacted in order to gain
more support on the t sue ot La
Raza tudles t FSC. AS part of
th MECHA Concillo, Public Rel tions finds It necessary to
bridge some ot the communication gap
reated on campus.
Anyone wishing to meet as a
group to discuss the Chicano
tudent Movement or the issues
surrounding La Raza at Fresno
State Co 11 e g e should contact
MECHA members to make necessary arrangements.
La Raza Studies Program
takes turn for the worse
cano student involvement in the
initial stage of restoring La Raza
Studies. There exists a conflict
between the Baxter regime and
Chicano students as to what a La
Raza Studies should be. Baxter
wants academic integrity but not
a vehicle for concrete social
change. We want both. If the intention of Vigil and Elgorriaga
3
NOTICIAS
COMENTARIO
By Carlos Hernandez
The immediate future of La
Raza Studies is now in the hands
of Ralph Vigil and Jose Elgorriaga. Their appointment as acting co-ordinator of La Raza
Studies and chairman of La Raza
Selections Committee, respectively, is a definite turn for the
worse for the Chicano community. An indication of this fact is
that under their d.irection La
Raza courses will be offered in
the various departments of the
college rather tuan a separate department. The implications of
this move are twofold. First,
since La Raza faculty is being
hired by several departments,
the chairmen of these departments are in a position to insure
that the Selections Committee
will keep philosophical differences between Baxter and La
Raza faculty to an absolute minimum, No one shall rock the boat.
Remember. Baxter runs a tight
ship! Secondly, with La Raza
faculty separated and philosophical differences few, if any, the
faculty unity necessary for the
development of a La Raza Studies
Department 'Vill be. in effect,
non-existent.
Another indication of a turn for
the worse is the lack of Chicano
student involvement in the formulation of next semester's La Raza
Studies. In a MECHA meeting
last Wednesday, Elgorriagaindicated that this situation was due
to the fact that he and Vigil were
working in a vacuum. He stated
that a great impasse had enveloped La Raza Studies in September. Thus, the situation warranted, ,for purposes of efficiency, the exclusion of student involvement. Elgorriaga continued
by giving indications that once
some semblance of a La Raza
Studies was restored, student involvement in the future direction
of the program would be up to
the students.
However. Elgorriaga seems to
be ignorant of the fact that a good
part of Chicano student leadership is deliberately being muffled either through economic
strangulation, legal proceedings,
or both. One wonders what students and what type of involvement Elgorriaga envisions for the
future.
In sun, mation, Vigil and Elgorriaga are, first, making a
drastic mistake by excluding Chi-
THE DAILY COLLEGIA
Huelga Committee
The Huelga Committee is one
of the most important branches
of MEC IIA. Its main purpose
is to unite the students and the
campesino by working with each
other in the struggles of La
Huelga. Since most of the Chicano students at Fresno State
College have worked most of their
lives in the fields, the validity
of the huelga is well understood
and accepted.
The Huelga Committee got together and went to Delano. There
they picked up posters and leaflets explaining the validity of the
boycott on lettuce. This material
was later passed out on the FSC
campus. The lettuce boycott is
still on and we are planning to
put it into effect in Fresno.
Many people are ignorant of the
lettuce boycott and have to be
made aware or educated.
Safeway has chosen to be our
opponent again, after a straight
knockout the first time; so 1t
has asked for a rematch. Next
Saturday, Nov. 21, we will be
passing out leanets, concerning
the huelga, at the main Safeway
Junior College
Committee
The Junlor College Commitee
was organized through MECHA
for the purpose of maintaining
direct and current communication and information between
Junior Colleges and State Colleges. This year the committee
is ln the process of starting
communication between the College of Sequoias, Reedley Junior
College, Modesto Junior College,
Merced Junior College and Fresno City Junior College.
"'··············-·,
■NEW YORK
$139.■
I
I
■
LV. DEC. 18 -RETURN JAN. 3
LV. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■
L V. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■ LONDON
■ LONDON
■
■
■
I
■I
■
Cbristmlls Charter Fligbt1
LV. DEC. 20
R0UNDTR1'9
I
$246.a
'TRI.._
ROUND
$139.1
OfE WAY ■
These flighri .,. ~ ro rruo\ffltl, faculty, 1tnf
employtltll Md rhtdr ~ fami~
SPRING a SUMMER FLIGHT SCH£OULIES TO EUROPE
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
FOR SCJiEDVLF.S. CA.LI. OR WlUTB
All
Phone (4151 832-2902
lights are op rat d by Capitol lntemationel
I ~---,,.----1111.&IL
invaya
■
I
■
■
.!C!!>~?.!.O.!l.t~~H.!'J!f.!29!M!2'L---- ■
■-~~::~~:V,f'NIM•-----------Calif. 94701
■'
~,........ ________________......~--,..... ..... '"'lnforffleltk," -
■~-----------
....................
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
•I FSC NO! ... Ii
!li."111 i CHEA SI!
By Abran Queredo
It has become absolutely clear
to many Chicanos that the development of a program of higher
education for them cannot in any
way take place within the existing
institutional structure of Fresn0
state College.
Last year, ('69-'70) Chicano
students and faculty attempted to
establish a •whole" program, one
that dealt with the total needs of
the Chicano student. The three
areas of emphasis were to be:
1. Humanities (Chicano
culture)
2. Community development
3. Education
Culture classes were designed
in order to help the student identify himself as part of the •Chicano Culture." In the case of
language, an indisputable element
of all cultures, the student was
told that it was natural for a
Chicano to speak thewayhedoes.
For all his life, one ear has been
tuned in to English while the other
has been tuned in to Spanish. So
it is natural for the Chicano to
speak in a way that combines both
the English and Spanish languages, and added to this is a
whole list of words that come not
from either language, but from
the indigenous peoples of this
hemisphere. The Chicanos' way
of speaking is not a lack of style,
but rather a new style, a new
language, that is part of a new
culture, the Chicano Culture. For
too long we have been told that
we speak unnatural, unstylish
and should be ashamed of our way
of talking. One project that was
underway last year as a result
of this orientation, was the making of a Chicano dictionary.
The area of community development and involvement was undoubtedly the thorn in the side of
the people that control the power
structure in this valley anti pull
the strings on those who ser e
as puppets for them in all Valley
institutions. When students joined
the "Huelga" picket lines and did
what they could do for poor people in Hanford, who were asking
for the implementation of the
Federal Food Stamp Program in
Kings County , the puppet masters
were angered and started pulling
strings to systematically eliminate La Raza Studies. Agri-business and the Power Structure are
one and the same. In the valley,
the number one enemy of agribusiness is the United Farm
Workers union, headed by Cesar
Chavez.
Fresno State College Chicanos
are the sons and daughters of
farm workers and have every
right to picket and protest with .
their parents for the betterment
of La Raza. Our parents were
harrassed, thrown in jail and discriminated- against in the valley
by the Agri-business racist barons. We did not stand by in the
ivory tower atmosphere of Fresno State and turn our backs on our
Raza last year. We were active,
we were involved, and the power
people didn't like it.
The educational component of
La Raza Studies dealt_with the
Chicano as a student with emphasis on a billngual and bicultural arrangement. A Bachelor of Arts degree course of
study was put into proposal form
MANAGER
IANT ADS
dom needed to develop an effective program.
This year as most of you know,
there is no La Raza Studies under
the Ethnic Studies Department.
A group of Chicanos have been
preparing for this final blow since
last spring. This group calls its
organization CHEA, Chicanos for
Educational Alternatives.
The g~oup believes that the only
~lternahve left to Chicanos Wishing ~o continue their education is
to first create their own ectu
tional institution. Fresno Stcat.
ae
c ol 1ege ts
not for CHICANOS,
PART II next issue .
Teatro Campesino portrays urban and rural Chicanos
Member s of Tcatro r.ampe<;ino perform before a n al1dicncr. of campcsino<; and their fan,iliec;.
The Teatro Campesino grew
out of the Ifuelga in Delano around
October. 1%:i. Anyone who has
been on an agricultural picket
line can see how natural it is for
strikers to want to mimic the patrones, contratistas, S<'ahs and
sheriffs. Anyone who was in Delano at the beginning of the long,
bitter. humorless struggle and
saw the depression of the strikers
could easily see the need to make
them laugh. So we developed a
broad, fast-paced, almost slapstick style of comedy using the
stock of farm labor: the patron .
the contractor, the scab. etc,
Reality was our theater. Everything was improvised. but we soon
developed our own short dramatic
form, the "acto," which can be
described as "somewhere between Brecht and Cantinflas."
In the Spring of 1966, the
huelga marched to Sacramento,
and the Teatro became the focal point of nightly rallies during
the 25-day , 300-mile pilgrimage.
Shortly afterwards. we began
making tours to raise funds and
Assistant Resident
support the Union. First to the
Northwest, then Southwest and
finally in 1967, across the U.S.
(In 1908 we received an offYoung married couple
Broadway Obie award in New
Janted to manage 24 apt.
York.)
nits. Send resume to
In September. 19 67 we left
1387 E. San Bruno
Delano and established an indeApt. H
pendent cultural center in Del
Fresno 93710
Rey, California. At this point
the emphasis of the Teatro
changed from the Huelga to La
Raza, which included the farm
workers struggle but also the
Furn 2 BR across from dorms urban Chicanos. We began to
$1 60 or $45 person. 439-6481 perform actos on Chicano themes
using new barrio characters: the
'51 Ford 3 sp hurst full leather pachuco, the family, the gringoint . Craig gauges, $200, 264-9354 ized Mexican, etc. This led to
WANTED
and presented for approval but
the administration managed to
evade it for the entire year. All
other efforts aimed at developing
an educational program for Chicanos were hampered by the constant confrontations forced upon
us by the administration. We were
deprived of the necessary free-
the prorlurhon of our fir t fulllength play "The Shrunken Head
of Pancho Villa" . hY Luis Valdez, which symbolizes the social
despair of the Chicano family.
In 1%9. Wt' hit the road again
and upon invitation. pi:>rformi:>d J.t
the World Theater Festival in
Nancy, France. We also move<i
our base to Fresno and spent the
entire summer performing in rural towns and labor ramps. In
the fall. we completed our first
full-length film hased on a poem
hy Rudolfo "Corky'· Gonzales.
Our repertory now included fulllength plays, puppet shows. films.
and a cal a vera band as we 11 as
actos.
The rural Chicano is still our
main focus. We perform free for
farm workers during the harvest
season and tour the colleges and
universities during the fall.
Our primary aim is to combat
poverty and oppression in the
heart of the richest agricultural
valley in the world. So the prevailing message is still a direct
one: Organizense Haza! Politically and Economically'.
Our theater contains much
laughter and song. We strive to
create life images of our own
people 011 stage. Our character.
situa tions . bilingual 5pee<'h. all
reflect the daily li ft> of tile urban
:rnrt rural Chic·an')s of thP Southw1.:st. ln its warmth and irony,
La Raza provides 1°nough material for rountless plays.
Our
satin' is based on simple recognition of common human failings.
It is only with injusti('e anrl the
inhuma11 institutions that we are
uncompromising.
We join with 0ur earnales
across tht> Southwest in calling
our part of Occupied '.\1exico hy
its ancient indio title: A ztlan.
We will consider our job done
when even· one of our people
has regarded his sense of personal ctignity and pride i11 history. culture and Raza .
ACHILLES
ARMS
OUI ET ::, E TTI NG
FOR SERIOU S
S TUDENTS
Space for male & female
Reasonable Rates
5280 North 6th st.
Phone 224-5897
SPECIALS
CANVAS BAG
for carr y ing
800 KS
9 5 ~-
NAVY
BELL
only
BOTTOMS
549
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSES
229
ALL ART
MATERIALS
2 0%
DISCOUNT
SUEDE FRINGED
VESTS, PURSES,
HATS etc.
ST\'Dl-'1'iTSEAR \J EXTl ~A MONEY!
Need donors for P lasrna -
1 - GROUP
can sell twice a week
$5 for Complete Collection
Ca l I 485-4821
For Appointment
Hours 7:10 a.m. - 3:30 p.ni.
CALIF. BLOOD BANK
FOUNDATION
412 F Street - Fresno
up
-.,.,~,M THIS YEAR" - N.Y. Tl
.AMIKE Nl['JIOLS FILM
AlJN~KIN 1.•i•
~'
l&l!tlllll
JOSfPI
COMPLETC
STOCK
4
LXXVl/46
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1970
'OVERSTAFFING' IS CITED
Head of philosophy department,
two others face non-retention
Br Burton Swope
Collegian Editor-in-chief
The dean :,f the School of Humaniti~s, riling ''overstaffing" as
DR. RALPH
c. REA
the key factor in his decision, has
reeommended that the chairman
of the philo'iophy departm('11t and
two other professors not be reappointed to the faculty for the
coming academic year.
Dr. James !'vl. Smith, Chairman
of the Department of Philosophy,
said Friday he and Assistant Professors of Philosophy Rendell N.
Mabey and Elton A. Hall have been
notified by Acting Dean Dr . Ralph
C, Rea he is recommending their
"non-reappointment•.
None of the professors has
tenure.
Smith said the philosophy department now has 11 faculty
members and according to the
school's staff - generating formula there should only be eight.
Ha said that Rea in informing the
philosophy professors of their
"non-appolntmt>nt" stated that it
clu "to the neces •ity of rf>duc-ing faculty" In conformance
w1 th the formula.
Rea made it
clear that the terminations were
W:iS
he111g made "without prejudice•.
That m ans the three faculty
members can be rehired by the
college 1f and when openings occur in the philosophy department.
EDITORIAL
THE STUDENTS' RIGHT TO KNOW
Last Friday when reporters of the Daily Collegian were trying to
verify rumors that the chairman of the philosophy department and
two other professors were getting the axe. they were warned by the
Dean of the School of Humanities to mind their own business. The
repiy to that is today's lead story.
Staff members of the Daily Collegian will not be intimidated or
persuaded into silence on issues that affect the lives and general
welfare of the students and the college. Whe professors on campus
are being recommended for "'non-reappointment" or are being moved
on in any way, it is the students' business. They have a right to know.
Changes in faculty in any department can mean changes in the quality
of education rec et ved by students at this college.
H is well known that the Acting Dean of the School of Humanities,
Dr. Ralph c, Rea. is an appointee of the Falk Administration. It is
well known that R·ea and the Department of Philosophy, as well as
other departments within the School of Humanities, are in disagreement about many things. It ts well known that those being
recommended for termination (Dr. James M. Smith, Rendell Mabey
and Elton Hall) are liberals. Smith is past president of the United
Professors of California and has opposed the Board of Trustees and
administration on many issues. Mabey has been outspoken against
the administration and the Vietnam war. Hall shares the same distinction.
Rea's recommendation they not be retained for the coming academic year smells like a purge. It fits in beautifully with the current
pattern of repression gripping the campus.
And Rea would have us mind our own business.
Could it be Rea's reasons for recommending non-retention, and
his coolness to proposals for absorbing excess faculty into other departments cannot stand the light of day? could it be Rea would have
us wait t~ break the news of their non- retention when Baxter announces faculty reappointments on Dec. 1, thus taking much of th e
heat away from him and placing it on Baxter? Or is it simply that,
like manv self-righteous and pompous administrators, Rea considers
students· children who should not concern themselves with what th e
"grown-ups" do?
Rea ·s warning to the Collegian that publicity priorto Dec. 1 con. reappointments may some h ow "J·eopardize faculty with
cerning faculty
· a "bad light• cannot be taken
legitimate grievances" or put them m
seriously. It would seem the faculty are already jeopardized by
Rea's recommendations and his attitude toward them, and if anyone
is put in a "bad light" it would have to be Rea himself.
There is nothing in the Board on Publications guidelines that says
the Collegian will shut up when intimidated and thre~tened by :~~dents faculty or administrators. What is happening m th e Dep mer.f 'of Philosop~y and in other areas of the campus cannot and
sho~ld not be hidden from the view of the student body• ~he students'
right to know shall prevail despite the Dean of Humanities.
'
-Burton Swope
DR. JAMES M. SMI TI-I
RENDELL MABEY
Rea's recom mendatfons are
made to Acting Vice President
Dr. Horace o. Schorllng and go
through the Personnel Com mlttee. Fresno State College President Dr. Norman A. Baxter will
announce faculty reappointments
for the coming academic year
on Dec. 1.
Chairmen of the various departments withln the School of
Humanities met with Rea and
Schorling Friday afternoon to
discuss the recommendations;
Smith said the philosophy department proposed that other
departments and schools absorb
the overstaffing.
He said the
meeting was "'inconclusive•, but
he believes the philosophy department will get other departments' support for absorbing excess staff. According to Smith,
Rea and Schorling were •cool"
to the proposal, however.
Sources in touch with the situation said they do not believe the
support of other departments will
make a difference. They said
Rea's general position is that
· staffing should strictly conform
to the formula, that absorbing
excess staff into other departments is •temporary• when it
should be •permanent•.
They
said lt ls possible Rea will allow Smith, Mabey and Hall to
be absorbed into another department but not likely.
Smith said as far as he knew
there has been no case of termination at FSC because of overstaffing in a department.
The Collegian contacted Rea
Friday and asked him about his
decision to terminate the professors. He said it would be •premature" to release any information prior to Dec. 1 when Baxter announces faculty reappointments.
Rea warned the Collegian that
it would be ln "bad taste" to
publish any information. He said
publicity could •prejudice someone's case (someone who may
have a legitimate grievance.)•
It could •jeopardize a probationary faculty by putting him in
a bad light,• he stated. •r advise the Collegian to get off that
kick immediately (trying to find
out who has
en recommended
for re ppo ntrn nt). •
The Coll
n called Schorling 's office Friday and asked
for a Ust of probationary (untenured) faculty member_ at
FSC showing whether they have
been recommended for reappointment.
Schorllng's secretary, Mrs.
Ruth Giddings, Said a list of
probationary fa cu 1 t y members
nd their s tu
•per onn 1 docum nt not vatl ble tor
public r cord,"
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
!111."l!la.Children of the barrio!li:i.•
•why did he cut your hair?•
• He said it was too long.•
Shamefaced and almost 1n
tears, Mexico-born John Garcia
took his seat in class. His head
was bald in spots. He tried to
hide the black tufts of hair that
stuck out all over. There was an
awkward silence. Garcia's humiliation was to serve as a warning to the other boys.
• Haircutting n e v e r works,•
Miss Maria Talavera, Garcia's
English teacher, complained later.
• All this does is force
them out of school. They've had
this kind of treatment since the
LETTER
Baxter's Reply
My wife sent me a copy of
the Chicano edition of the DAILY
COLLEGIAN (I'm working now in
the Bay area). I'm glad that the
injustice (withholding funds) has
been reversed. Yours is the tradition of EL MALCRIADO and
LA RAZA.
As a postscript and concrete
illustration of an immovable and
insensitive administration let me
quote -- in total -- President
Baxter's reply to my letter which
you printed on Nov. 2, 1970:
Dear Rev. Yinger: This will
acknowledge receipt of your
letter of Oct. 15 and lhe keys
which were enclosed.
Sincerely,
Norman A. Baxter
There it is! The burden on
the back of education. Who says
that students are •too idealistic
too impatient, too impractical.~
I have found you to be too right
in your perception of us who
teach, administer and legislate
the university to polarization.
Viva La Causal Viva La Huelga!
Winthrop Yinger
'We're supposed to believe we're inferior'
first grade. Why should they want
to stay in?• she added.
Miss Talavera teaches ninth
grade in a 1 a r g e 1 y MexicanAmerican junior high school in
East Los Angeles.
She pointed out th;it Anglo
youngsters are never given such
treatment as the one Garcia reeel ved from the vice-principal.
"There's one blond and freckled kid in my class with longer
hair than any of the Mexican kids.
Nobody will ever touch him,
though,• Miss Talavera said.
When questioned about the incident, a downcast Garcia said he
hated most of his teachers. "If
they're out to get me, why should
I like them? Why should I like
the math teacher who called me
a dirty Mexican?"
Miss Talavera, 23 and also a
Mexican-American, explained
that most classes were overcrowded-about 40 pupils to a
teacher. Attention is consequently poor or harsh.
"Most of the teachers take an
unsympathetic attitude towards
these kids and their cultural
background," she said. "Poor
students in this atmosphere become worse and eventually drop
out. Of course, nearly all are
poor to begin with."
John Garcia will probably drop
out. Or else he will transfer to
another school "for disciplinary
reasons." His situation is typical
in the crowded harrios (ghettos).
In the city's two predominantly
Mexican-American high schools
the average dropout rate is above
20 per cent. And average transfer
rates are far above 50 per cent
of the student body. This means
that a teacher will face essentially a different class at the end of
the school year than he faced at
its beginning.
Results of the Mexican-American Study Project at UCLA show
a startling pattern concerning
education and income.
The study found that on the
average, Spanish-surnamed persons (88% Mexican-American)
had much less schooling and income than white Anglos.
In California , for example.
those of Spanish surnames receive a median education of 8. 5
years and go on to receive an
average yearly income of$4,381.
The corresponding figures for
the Anglo group are 12.1 and $5, 806.
In Texas, Spanish-surnamed
persons finish an average of 4.8
years of school and receive an income of $2,400. For the Anglo
population the figures are 10,8
years and $4, 7G8.
The severest cases of low income and education are found
among rural migrant workers. In
the Southwest and Pacific states
alone, these workers total over
7G,000-almost entirely of Mexican des('ent. Their average annual income drops below $1,000 and
their schooling is generally from
one to four years.
Admittedly, the plight of the
migrant's c-hild is the worst He
r Joices with little more than
some shade anrt a handful of
f>ublished five days a w~f'k e:a:cept
holidays and e11amination perioda by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a aeme st er, $15 a year. Editorial office,
Keats Campua Building, telephone
487-2486 . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
SAY DUDE, [X)N'T SHIN[ MC ON,
AN 0°INION TO [XPf~CSS.
SAD THAT MY
worms
AHCN'T LONG
OH HAl -m TO SPELL.
I AM NOT WHITE,
Rafael Polanco
SO BEFORE IT BECOMES TOO LATE,
LISTEN TO MY WORDS AND MAYBE UNDERSTAND.
OR ELSE------------------Enrique
NOV. 17 -22
Phone Zl3-8l61
SteplieHon•lr■dfoNI
Silll Stereo
Ylllo90 llecorcls
Yanity Shop
Gottscholli'Morcecl, Ylsollo
Kl ■9 Stotl0Hr1, Ha■ford
Cooll•t• H•rclw•re
Lewis Travel, Tulare
Sponsored
by
Fro1110 Ice Hockey, Inc.
Studies for the spring semester?
I feel that the involvement of Ralph Vigil and Jose
Elgorriaga in La Raza Studies Program is at best
further example of tokenism. Their involvement
ran he likened to that of two pawns in a game
of colonial rule. They have been sent out to pick
up ttie pieces after suppression of Chicano leadership has reached an effective level.
BUT AT LEAST LISTEN,
MY WORLD AND LIFE ARE DIFFERENT,
700 "M" Street, Fresno
appointment as Acting Coordinator of La Raza
Carlos Hernandez
OON'T EXPECT OR WANT ME TO BE THE SAME,
CENTH ARENA
I Perfor•••cea
S EY0itl1ttl • 3 M•tl1tHI
*Tu••·• *W•d., •Thun. 1:00
Fri. 1:30 P.M.
S•t. *2:00 & 1:30 P.M.
Sun, §2:00 & •o:00 P.M.
•Yoi,ths 18 & Under 1/1 pric•
fSr. Cit, oS & over 1/1 price
Tic~eh: $5.00, $4.50, $4.00,
$3.00.
IOI OFFICES:
Coave11tlo11 Ce11ter
What was your reaction to Dr. Vigil's
can say that, after listening to these vatos
(Vigil and Elgorriaga), concerning their "ideas and
opinion " of the La Raza Studies· I feel that they
expressed ideas similar to those of the white,
middle class, status-seeking instructor that I am
accustomed to. To this time they have kept "no
whites .. in their place by pounding into them an irre~ "'vant education. thus preventing these people
from developing their full potential as individuals.
LIKE THAT STUDENT OR YOU.
NHNO CONVENTION
PEN SAM IENTOS
Sp aking from my frame of reference (Chicano),
TO YOU, 'TEACHER'
AND MAYR[ UNDE11:-;TAND.
Opinions expressed in Dally Collegian special editions are not necessarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
..• The president of the Chamber of Commerce declared in
praise of the school principal:
"He runs a good school.
We
Enrique Rodriguez
I TOO HAVr SOMETHING TO SAY,
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
strawberries.
School is still
something he knows during summers only. In most cases he remains illiterate,
Theodore W. Parsons, in a 1966
Stanford doctoral disserlation,
gives some distressing examples
of discrimination in an agricultural town. After 40 days of personal observation in a 58~ Mexican-American
e 1 em en tar y
school in central California. Parson cites:
.•• A teacher, asked why she
had called on "Johnny" to lead
five Mexicans in orderly file out
of the schoolroom, explained:
"His father owns one of the big
farms in the area and •.• one day
he will have to know how to handle
the Mexicans."
.•. Another teacher. following
the geneMl practice of calling
out Anglos to help Mexican pupils
recite in class, said in praise of
the system:
"It draws them
(Anglos) out and gives them a
feeling of importance.~
never have any trouble 1
n our
school.
Every kid knows h·
place. • . We believe that ev ls
kid has to learn to respect authery
ity and his betters."
or... The principal stated• "O
.
• nee
we let a Mexican girl give a littI
talk of some kind and all she di~
was mumble around. She had
quite an accent. too. Afterwards
we had several complaints from
p~rents_, so we haven't done anythmg llke that since. . • That
was about 12 years ago."
Disc rt mi nation goes beyond the
schools.
Especially in citie
this unwritten rule of the majo:~
ity envelops entire communities
Housing segregation is often th;
direct cause for ghetto school
zoning. The harsh truth of this
system is that the most UP-todate facilities are designed for
middle and upper class Anglo
districts.
Can the quality of a school
then, be disregarded: Can ane~
approach to teaching the Ms!xican-A merican youth be taken"
Can a curriculum--perhaps bi~
lingual in part--be scaled for him
and not just the Anglo student'.'
If the children of the barrio
are ever to be released from the
poverty traps of the ghetto, they
must first be given full opportunity for education of good quality.
BLACK AND BROWN STUDENTS
UCLA'S Graduate School of
Business Administration
will be interviewing prospective students
He (Dr. Vigil) like any other person who has
not experienced a true nationalistic feeling about
himself <'annot really identify hi ms elf with Chicanos
and the things they want. This is because he simply
does not feel or think the wav thev do.
One thing that made it ~ery ·clear he was not
going to work for us is when he almost quoted
that we should not have La Raza Studies in its
own department. but that it should be integrated
withfo the other departments at FSC so that the
white students could also benefit from these
courses. Dr. Baxter had said almost the same
thing word-for-word a few days earlier.
I do not think that La Raza Studies classes
would have much relevance to the. Chicano if the
classes are going to be integrated within the other
departments.
Phyllis Martin
I feel sorry for the dude.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20
to discuss the MBA, MS, and Phd
programs offered at the school.
We are interested in speaking with students from al I departments and major fields Qf study. Various programs are available for students with technical and non-technical backgrounds.
Some funds are available for students in financial need.
PLEASE CONTACT YOUR PLACEMENT OFFICE
Charley Rueda
I agree with Dr. Vigil's objective for an academically recognized La Raza Studies. By striving for
academically qualified instructors, this will do
much to insure a strong and viable La Raza
Studies in the longrun.
UFWOC
y
ton
y,
Don't eat scab lettuC:e!
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee urges an
consumers to buy union stamped
(black Aztec Eagle) lettuce for a
successful lettuce boycott aimed
to ease the farm worker's socio-economic plight.
In a printed statement by the
UFWOC staff, they revealed that:
The U.S. Department of Labor
estimated that even if the wages
of farm workers doubled and the
full increase were passed on to
the homemaker, she would pay
only a penny or two more for
a head of lettuce.
Actually, the extra money you
paid for lettuce went to lettuce
growers and middle men who deny
farm workers their right to bargain collectively for fair wages
and safe working conditions
through a union of their choiceUFWOC.
In the Salinas Valley where 70
percent of our country's lettuce
is grown, over 5,000 farm workers began a strike on August
24, 1970, after lettuce growers
refused to recognize their union
-UFWOC.
They wanted fair wages and
safe working conditions so that
they could care for their families. Conditions for them are so
bad now that the life expectancy
for migrant farm workers is a
shocking 49 years, while the average U.S. citizen lives over 70
years. Yet in return for the backbreaking work of cutting lettuce
under the merciless California
sun. they were being paid only
$1.75 per hour by a multi-btllion
dollar agribusiness. Although the
strike was both just and effective,
most lettuce growers refused
their workers' reasonable requests. They tried to force them
to accept backdoor agreements
from an outside union that did
not represent them. Violence and
intimidation were used against
the striking workers. Then the
Monterey County Judge, Anthony
Brazil, handed down a court order
forbidding them to exercise their
con~titutional right of strike
picketing. It broke their strike.
Farm workers have been deliberately excluded from the protectlon of the • ational L l or R lattons Act of 1935, leaving them
only dialogue, the strike and boycott as means for organizing.
Most lettuce growers refuse
dialogue and will not recogniz
their unlon-UFWOC.
'ow they can do nothing but
turn to you, t'..e consumer, for
the powerful help rou gave them
during the grape boycott.
PLEASE II E P MIGRA. T
FAR~! \ ORKERS VI ELF DETER 1£ 'ATIO JUSTICE DIGITY A \'OlJ DID THRO GH
TIIE GRAPE BOYCOTT! n Y
LETTUCE SELECTIVELY! Boycott all C allfornta, rt zona, nd
ew 1ex1co lettuce exc pt that
whi h carrl s th UFWO lab 1.
LOOK FOH TIIE AZTE EAG ·
0
THE LETTUCE \ l APPEH
OH nox. IT'S TIIE y moL [,
AF ETY A D DIG ITY.
o\· mb r 16, 1970
Food Drive
To many students, HU GER ls
myth - or o it seems by he
student turnout to help the Food
Drive Committee. On Tuesday,
Oct. 27, 1. . C.H.A.'s Food Drive
Committee sponsored a food
rive in front oC the ca!eterla.
The food collected wa •bones,•
taking in o onstder tlon the
thou ands of tudents on c mpu •
The re · c nn d o d nd the
little mon r collect ct went into
the rood drlve now being condu ted by th Economi Opportunity Commission. Another food
ctrlv will be conduc~ed on c mpu
later thl month tn hope th t
more tud nt h Ip hy don Ung
food or mon y for the poor nd
hungry.
YUlJA
T
HER IA
is to avoid this conflict, then they
are ignoring the needs of the students and serving as mere lackeys of the Baxter regime. Secondly, we need a unified program
created with the involvement of
community members. We do not
need a bogus Minority Advisory
Council or a white-washed disjointed La Raza Sludies!
COMENTARIO.
Vigil's appointment
insult to Chicanos
By Victor Salazar
The appointment of Dr. Ralph
Vigil as acting head of La Raza
studies is a direct insult to those
of us who have committed ourselves to the attainmentofequality for all Chicanos.
Although Ralph Vigil is in the
position to make major critical
decisions for ~he future development of La R.. ,a Studies at Fresno State College, he is totally
unqualified to recognize, much
less determine, the strategic
needs of a La Raza Studies Programs. He has stated "for all
rights and purposes I am white
. , • Lee Trevino (professional
golfer) has done more for the
Mexican-American cause than
anyone else."
He has also stated that he didn't
really believe in the concept of
La Raza. How can a man with
such an orientation, desire to
much less, direct a valid La Raza
Studies Program that would be
both relevant and conducive to
the aspirations of the Chicano
community?
The La Raza Studies Selec-
tion Committee is a farce and a
threat to the recruiting of adequate and qualified teaching personnel oriented in the field of La
Raza Studies. Dr. Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard, couldn't possibly be aware of the conditions
and needs relevant to the hiring
of La Raza Studies personnel. So
we have Ralph Vigil, a selfproclaimed white man; Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard; and on
Ct1~-: t.10, Jerome Marquez. These
men will be the committee responsible for the future hiring of
La Raza Studies instructors.
The present La Raza Studies
Program is in direct opposition
to our beliefs. Therefore, Mr.
Baxter, we as Chicanos will move
against those forces which have
denied us freedom of expression and human dignity. Our heritage has been one of constant
struggle and we will not fall before your meager attempt to halt
or distort our self-determination. we will not allow you to dictate our heritage, our culture, our
views nor our aspirations.
Hasta La Victoria
Looking for something DIFFERENT?
':"'
OL
I\. I
u~
a
~
I
~v.,c.P.
~s
ti..\Q\
u ~\-,
l',_
EF
~A TIN
.
PONCHOS - from Ecuador - Otavalo Indians
colorful, stylish - each different - , . $9,-95 up
'-HOULDER BAGS - Ecuador - Salusaca Indians
~
sturdy carry-all - nice as gifts .. $3.95 a~d.up
FABRICK LENGTHS - Guatemala - make striking
maxi skirts - solids, stripes , • • , -~3.99 yar~
stores. Please help us ln our
struggle and boycott scab lettuce.
Viva La Huelgal
Public Relations
Committee
ECHA Public Relations has
begun a series of community contacts, beginning With some of the
major churches ln the area. The
purpose of these contacts ls to
improve relations between the
community and the Chicano stuent .
Junior colleges and high
schools throughout the valley are
being contacted in order to gain
more support on the t sue ot La
Raza tudles t FSC. AS part of
th MECHA Concillo, Public Rel tions finds It necessary to
bridge some ot the communication gap
reated on campus.
Anyone wishing to meet as a
group to discuss the Chicano
tudent Movement or the issues
surrounding La Raza at Fresno
State Co 11 e g e should contact
MECHA members to make necessary arrangements.
La Raza Studies Program
takes turn for the worse
cano student involvement in the
initial stage of restoring La Raza
Studies. There exists a conflict
between the Baxter regime and
Chicano students as to what a La
Raza Studies should be. Baxter
wants academic integrity but not
a vehicle for concrete social
change. We want both. If the intention of Vigil and Elgorriaga
3
NOTICIAS
COMENTARIO
By Carlos Hernandez
The immediate future of La
Raza Studies is now in the hands
of Ralph Vigil and Jose Elgorriaga. Their appointment as acting co-ordinator of La Raza
Studies and chairman of La Raza
Selections Committee, respectively, is a definite turn for the
worse for the Chicano community. An indication of this fact is
that under their d.irection La
Raza courses will be offered in
the various departments of the
college rather tuan a separate department. The implications of
this move are twofold. First,
since La Raza faculty is being
hired by several departments,
the chairmen of these departments are in a position to insure
that the Selections Committee
will keep philosophical differences between Baxter and La
Raza faculty to an absolute minimum, No one shall rock the boat.
Remember. Baxter runs a tight
ship! Secondly, with La Raza
faculty separated and philosophical differences few, if any, the
faculty unity necessary for the
development of a La Raza Studies
Department 'Vill be. in effect,
non-existent.
Another indication of a turn for
the worse is the lack of Chicano
student involvement in the formulation of next semester's La Raza
Studies. In a MECHA meeting
last Wednesday, Elgorriagaindicated that this situation was due
to the fact that he and Vigil were
working in a vacuum. He stated
that a great impasse had enveloped La Raza Studies in September. Thus, the situation warranted, ,for purposes of efficiency, the exclusion of student involvement. Elgorriaga continued
by giving indications that once
some semblance of a La Raza
Studies was restored, student involvement in the future direction
of the program would be up to
the students.
However. Elgorriaga seems to
be ignorant of the fact that a good
part of Chicano student leadership is deliberately being muffled either through economic
strangulation, legal proceedings,
or both. One wonders what students and what type of involvement Elgorriaga envisions for the
future.
In sun, mation, Vigil and Elgorriaga are, first, making a
drastic mistake by excluding Chi-
THE DAILY COLLEGIA
Huelga Committee
The Huelga Committee is one
of the most important branches
of MEC IIA. Its main purpose
is to unite the students and the
campesino by working with each
other in the struggles of La
Huelga. Since most of the Chicano students at Fresno State
College have worked most of their
lives in the fields, the validity
of the huelga is well understood
and accepted.
The Huelga Committee got together and went to Delano. There
they picked up posters and leaflets explaining the validity of the
boycott on lettuce. This material
was later passed out on the FSC
campus. The lettuce boycott is
still on and we are planning to
put it into effect in Fresno.
Many people are ignorant of the
lettuce boycott and have to be
made aware or educated.
Safeway has chosen to be our
opponent again, after a straight
knockout the first time; so 1t
has asked for a rematch. Next
Saturday, Nov. 21, we will be
passing out leanets, concerning
the huelga, at the main Safeway
Junior College
Committee
The Junlor College Commitee
was organized through MECHA
for the purpose of maintaining
direct and current communication and information between
Junior Colleges and State Colleges. This year the committee
is ln the process of starting
communication between the College of Sequoias, Reedley Junior
College, Modesto Junior College,
Merced Junior College and Fresno City Junior College.
"'··············-·,
■NEW YORK
$139.■
I
I
■
LV. DEC. 18 -RETURN JAN. 3
LV. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■
L V. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■ LONDON
■ LONDON
■
■
■
I
■I
■
Cbristmlls Charter Fligbt1
LV. DEC. 20
R0UNDTR1'9
I
$246.a
'TRI.._
ROUND
$139.1
OfE WAY ■
These flighri .,. ~ ro rruo\ffltl, faculty, 1tnf
employtltll Md rhtdr ~ fami~
SPRING a SUMMER FLIGHT SCH£OULIES TO EUROPE
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
FOR SCJiEDVLF.S. CA.LI. OR WlUTB
All
Phone (4151 832-2902
lights are op rat d by Capitol lntemationel
I ~---,,.----1111.&IL
invaya
■
I
■
■
.!C!!>~?.!.O.!l.t~~H.!'J!f.!29!M!2'L---- ■
■-~~::~~:V,f'NIM•-----------Calif. 94701
■'
~,........ ________________......~--,..... ..... '"'lnforffleltk," -
■~-----------
....................
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
•I FSC NO! ... Ii
!li."111 i CHEA SI!
By Abran Queredo
It has become absolutely clear
to many Chicanos that the development of a program of higher
education for them cannot in any
way take place within the existing
institutional structure of Fresn0
state College.
Last year, ('69-'70) Chicano
students and faculty attempted to
establish a •whole" program, one
that dealt with the total needs of
the Chicano student. The three
areas of emphasis were to be:
1. Humanities (Chicano
culture)
2. Community development
3. Education
Culture classes were designed
in order to help the student identify himself as part of the •Chicano Culture." In the case of
language, an indisputable element
of all cultures, the student was
told that it was natural for a
Chicano to speak thewayhedoes.
For all his life, one ear has been
tuned in to English while the other
has been tuned in to Spanish. So
it is natural for the Chicano to
speak in a way that combines both
the English and Spanish languages, and added to this is a
whole list of words that come not
from either language, but from
the indigenous peoples of this
hemisphere. The Chicanos' way
of speaking is not a lack of style,
but rather a new style, a new
language, that is part of a new
culture, the Chicano Culture. For
too long we have been told that
we speak unnatural, unstylish
and should be ashamed of our way
of talking. One project that was
underway last year as a result
of this orientation, was the making of a Chicano dictionary.
The area of community development and involvement was undoubtedly the thorn in the side of
the people that control the power
structure in this valley anti pull
the strings on those who ser e
as puppets for them in all Valley
institutions. When students joined
the "Huelga" picket lines and did
what they could do for poor people in Hanford, who were asking
for the implementation of the
Federal Food Stamp Program in
Kings County , the puppet masters
were angered and started pulling
strings to systematically eliminate La Raza Studies. Agri-business and the Power Structure are
one and the same. In the valley,
the number one enemy of agribusiness is the United Farm
Workers union, headed by Cesar
Chavez.
Fresno State College Chicanos
are the sons and daughters of
farm workers and have every
right to picket and protest with .
their parents for the betterment
of La Raza. Our parents were
harrassed, thrown in jail and discriminated- against in the valley
by the Agri-business racist barons. We did not stand by in the
ivory tower atmosphere of Fresno State and turn our backs on our
Raza last year. We were active,
we were involved, and the power
people didn't like it.
The educational component of
La Raza Studies dealt_with the
Chicano as a student with emphasis on a billngual and bicultural arrangement. A Bachelor of Arts degree course of
study was put into proposal form
MANAGER
IANT ADS
dom needed to develop an effective program.
This year as most of you know,
there is no La Raza Studies under
the Ethnic Studies Department.
A group of Chicanos have been
preparing for this final blow since
last spring. This group calls its
organization CHEA, Chicanos for
Educational Alternatives.
The g~oup believes that the only
~lternahve left to Chicanos Wishing ~o continue their education is
to first create their own ectu
tional institution. Fresno Stcat.
ae
c ol 1ege ts
not for CHICANOS,
PART II next issue .
Teatro Campesino portrays urban and rural Chicanos
Member s of Tcatro r.ampe<;ino perform before a n al1dicncr. of campcsino<; and their fan,iliec;.
The Teatro Campesino grew
out of the Ifuelga in Delano around
October. 1%:i. Anyone who has
been on an agricultural picket
line can see how natural it is for
strikers to want to mimic the patrones, contratistas, S<'ahs and
sheriffs. Anyone who was in Delano at the beginning of the long,
bitter. humorless struggle and
saw the depression of the strikers
could easily see the need to make
them laugh. So we developed a
broad, fast-paced, almost slapstick style of comedy using the
stock of farm labor: the patron .
the contractor, the scab. etc,
Reality was our theater. Everything was improvised. but we soon
developed our own short dramatic
form, the "acto," which can be
described as "somewhere between Brecht and Cantinflas."
In the Spring of 1966, the
huelga marched to Sacramento,
and the Teatro became the focal point of nightly rallies during
the 25-day , 300-mile pilgrimage.
Shortly afterwards. we began
making tours to raise funds and
Assistant Resident
support the Union. First to the
Northwest, then Southwest and
finally in 1967, across the U.S.
(In 1908 we received an offYoung married couple
Broadway Obie award in New
Janted to manage 24 apt.
York.)
nits. Send resume to
In September. 19 67 we left
1387 E. San Bruno
Delano and established an indeApt. H
pendent cultural center in Del
Fresno 93710
Rey, California. At this point
the emphasis of the Teatro
changed from the Huelga to La
Raza, which included the farm
workers struggle but also the
Furn 2 BR across from dorms urban Chicanos. We began to
$1 60 or $45 person. 439-6481 perform actos on Chicano themes
using new barrio characters: the
'51 Ford 3 sp hurst full leather pachuco, the family, the gringoint . Craig gauges, $200, 264-9354 ized Mexican, etc. This led to
WANTED
and presented for approval but
the administration managed to
evade it for the entire year. All
other efforts aimed at developing
an educational program for Chicanos were hampered by the constant confrontations forced upon
us by the administration. We were
deprived of the necessary free-
the prorlurhon of our fir t fulllength play "The Shrunken Head
of Pancho Villa" . hY Luis Valdez, which symbolizes the social
despair of the Chicano family.
In 1%9. Wt' hit the road again
and upon invitation. pi:>rformi:>d J.t
the World Theater Festival in
Nancy, France. We also move<i
our base to Fresno and spent the
entire summer performing in rural towns and labor ramps. In
the fall. we completed our first
full-length film hased on a poem
hy Rudolfo "Corky'· Gonzales.
Our repertory now included fulllength plays, puppet shows. films.
and a cal a vera band as we 11 as
actos.
The rural Chicano is still our
main focus. We perform free for
farm workers during the harvest
season and tour the colleges and
universities during the fall.
Our primary aim is to combat
poverty and oppression in the
heart of the richest agricultural
valley in the world. So the prevailing message is still a direct
one: Organizense Haza! Politically and Economically'.
Our theater contains much
laughter and song. We strive to
create life images of our own
people 011 stage. Our character.
situa tions . bilingual 5pee<'h. all
reflect the daily li ft> of tile urban
:rnrt rural Chic·an')s of thP Southw1.:st. ln its warmth and irony,
La Raza provides 1°nough material for rountless plays.
Our
satin' is based on simple recognition of common human failings.
It is only with injusti('e anrl the
inhuma11 institutions that we are
uncompromising.
We join with 0ur earnales
across tht> Southwest in calling
our part of Occupied '.\1exico hy
its ancient indio title: A ztlan.
We will consider our job done
when even· one of our people
has regarded his sense of personal ctignity and pride i11 history. culture and Raza .
ACHILLES
ARMS
OUI ET ::, E TTI NG
FOR SERIOU S
S TUDENTS
Space for male & female
Reasonable Rates
5280 North 6th st.
Phone 224-5897
SPECIALS
CANVAS BAG
for carr y ing
800 KS
9 5 ~-
NAVY
BELL
only
BOTTOMS
549
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSES
229
ALL ART
MATERIALS
2 0%
DISCOUNT
SUEDE FRINGED
VESTS, PURSES,
HATS etc.
ST\'Dl-'1'iTSEAR \J EXTl ~A MONEY!
Need donors for P lasrna -
1 - GROUP
can sell twice a week
$5 for Complete Collection
Ca l I 485-4821
For Appointment
Hours 7:10 a.m. - 3:30 p.ni.
CALIF. BLOOD BANK
FOUNDATION
412 F Street - Fresno
up
-.,.,~,M THIS YEAR" - N.Y. Tl
.AMIKE Nl['JIOLS FILM
AlJN~KIN 1.•i•
~'
l&l!tlllll
JOSfPI
COMPLETC
STOCK
4
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1970
'OVERSTAFFING' IS CITED
Head of philosophy department,
two others face non-retention
Br Burton Swope
Collegian Editor-in-chief
The dean :,f the School of Humaniti~s, riling ''overstaffing" as
DR. RALPH
c. REA
the key factor in his decision, has
reeommended that the chairman
of the philo'iophy departm('11t and
two other professors not be reappointed to the faculty for the
coming academic year.
Dr. James !'vl. Smith, Chairman
of the Department of Philosophy,
said Friday he and Assistant Professors of Philosophy Rendell N.
Mabey and Elton A. Hall have been
notified by Acting Dean Dr . Ralph
C, Rea he is recommending their
"non-reappointment•.
None of the professors has
tenure.
Smith said the philosophy department now has 11 faculty
members and according to the
school's staff - generating formula there should only be eight.
Ha said that Rea in informing the
philosophy professors of their
"non-appolntmt>nt" stated that it
clu "to the neces •ity of rf>duc-ing faculty" In conformance
w1 th the formula.
Rea made it
clear that the terminations were
W:iS
he111g made "without prejudice•.
That m ans the three faculty
members can be rehired by the
college 1f and when openings occur in the philosophy department.
EDITORIAL
THE STUDENTS' RIGHT TO KNOW
Last Friday when reporters of the Daily Collegian were trying to
verify rumors that the chairman of the philosophy department and
two other professors were getting the axe. they were warned by the
Dean of the School of Humanities to mind their own business. The
repiy to that is today's lead story.
Staff members of the Daily Collegian will not be intimidated or
persuaded into silence on issues that affect the lives and general
welfare of the students and the college. Whe professors on campus
are being recommended for "'non-reappointment" or are being moved
on in any way, it is the students' business. They have a right to know.
Changes in faculty in any department can mean changes in the quality
of education rec et ved by students at this college.
H is well known that the Acting Dean of the School of Humanities,
Dr. Ralph c, Rea. is an appointee of the Falk Administration. It is
well known that R·ea and the Department of Philosophy, as well as
other departments within the School of Humanities, are in disagreement about many things. It ts well known that those being
recommended for termination (Dr. James M. Smith, Rendell Mabey
and Elton Hall) are liberals. Smith is past president of the United
Professors of California and has opposed the Board of Trustees and
administration on many issues. Mabey has been outspoken against
the administration and the Vietnam war. Hall shares the same distinction.
Rea's recommendation they not be retained for the coming academic year smells like a purge. It fits in beautifully with the current
pattern of repression gripping the campus.
And Rea would have us mind our own business.
Could it be Rea's reasons for recommending non-retention, and
his coolness to proposals for absorbing excess faculty into other departments cannot stand the light of day? could it be Rea would have
us wait t~ break the news of their non- retention when Baxter announces faculty reappointments on Dec. 1, thus taking much of th e
heat away from him and placing it on Baxter? Or is it simply that,
like manv self-righteous and pompous administrators, Rea considers
students· children who should not concern themselves with what th e
"grown-ups" do?
Rea ·s warning to the Collegian that publicity priorto Dec. 1 con. reappointments may some h ow "J·eopardize faculty with
cerning faculty
· a "bad light• cannot be taken
legitimate grievances" or put them m
seriously. It would seem the faculty are already jeopardized by
Rea's recommendations and his attitude toward them, and if anyone
is put in a "bad light" it would have to be Rea himself.
There is nothing in the Board on Publications guidelines that says
the Collegian will shut up when intimidated and thre~tened by :~~dents faculty or administrators. What is happening m th e Dep mer.f 'of Philosop~y and in other areas of the campus cannot and
sho~ld not be hidden from the view of the student body• ~he students'
right to know shall prevail despite the Dean of Humanities.
'
-Burton Swope
DR. JAMES M. SMI TI-I
RENDELL MABEY
Rea's recom mendatfons are
made to Acting Vice President
Dr. Horace o. Schorllng and go
through the Personnel Com mlttee. Fresno State College President Dr. Norman A. Baxter will
announce faculty reappointments
for the coming academic year
on Dec. 1.
Chairmen of the various departments withln the School of
Humanities met with Rea and
Schorling Friday afternoon to
discuss the recommendations;
Smith said the philosophy department proposed that other
departments and schools absorb
the overstaffing.
He said the
meeting was "'inconclusive•, but
he believes the philosophy department will get other departments' support for absorbing excess staff. According to Smith,
Rea and Schorling were •cool"
to the proposal, however.
Sources in touch with the situation said they do not believe the
support of other departments will
make a difference. They said
Rea's general position is that
· staffing should strictly conform
to the formula, that absorbing
excess staff into other departments is •temporary• when it
should be •permanent•.
They
said lt ls possible Rea will allow Smith, Mabey and Hall to
be absorbed into another department but not likely.
Smith said as far as he knew
there has been no case of termination at FSC because of overstaffing in a department.
The Collegian contacted Rea
Friday and asked him about his
decision to terminate the professors. He said it would be •premature" to release any information prior to Dec. 1 when Baxter announces faculty reappointments.
Rea warned the Collegian that
it would be ln "bad taste" to
publish any information. He said
publicity could •prejudice someone's case (someone who may
have a legitimate grievance.)•
It could •jeopardize a probationary faculty by putting him in
a bad light,• he stated. •r advise the Collegian to get off that
kick immediately (trying to find
out who has
en recommended
for re ppo ntrn nt). •
The Coll
n called Schorling 's office Friday and asked
for a Ust of probationary (untenured) faculty member_ at
FSC showing whether they have
been recommended for reappointment.
Schorllng's secretary, Mrs.
Ruth Giddings, Said a list of
probationary fa cu 1 t y members
nd their s tu
•per onn 1 docum nt not vatl ble tor
public r cord,"
2
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
!111."l!la.Children of the barrio!li:i.•
•why did he cut your hair?•
• He said it was too long.•
Shamefaced and almost 1n
tears, Mexico-born John Garcia
took his seat in class. His head
was bald in spots. He tried to
hide the black tufts of hair that
stuck out all over. There was an
awkward silence. Garcia's humiliation was to serve as a warning to the other boys.
• Haircutting n e v e r works,•
Miss Maria Talavera, Garcia's
English teacher, complained later.
• All this does is force
them out of school. They've had
this kind of treatment since the
LETTER
Baxter's Reply
My wife sent me a copy of
the Chicano edition of the DAILY
COLLEGIAN (I'm working now in
the Bay area). I'm glad that the
injustice (withholding funds) has
been reversed. Yours is the tradition of EL MALCRIADO and
LA RAZA.
As a postscript and concrete
illustration of an immovable and
insensitive administration let me
quote -- in total -- President
Baxter's reply to my letter which
you printed on Nov. 2, 1970:
Dear Rev. Yinger: This will
acknowledge receipt of your
letter of Oct. 15 and lhe keys
which were enclosed.
Sincerely,
Norman A. Baxter
There it is! The burden on
the back of education. Who says
that students are •too idealistic
too impatient, too impractical.~
I have found you to be too right
in your perception of us who
teach, administer and legislate
the university to polarization.
Viva La Causal Viva La Huelga!
Winthrop Yinger
'We're supposed to believe we're inferior'
first grade. Why should they want
to stay in?• she added.
Miss Talavera teaches ninth
grade in a 1 a r g e 1 y MexicanAmerican junior high school in
East Los Angeles.
She pointed out th;it Anglo
youngsters are never given such
treatment as the one Garcia reeel ved from the vice-principal.
"There's one blond and freckled kid in my class with longer
hair than any of the Mexican kids.
Nobody will ever touch him,
though,• Miss Talavera said.
When questioned about the incident, a downcast Garcia said he
hated most of his teachers. "If
they're out to get me, why should
I like them? Why should I like
the math teacher who called me
a dirty Mexican?"
Miss Talavera, 23 and also a
Mexican-American, explained
that most classes were overcrowded-about 40 pupils to a
teacher. Attention is consequently poor or harsh.
"Most of the teachers take an
unsympathetic attitude towards
these kids and their cultural
background," she said. "Poor
students in this atmosphere become worse and eventually drop
out. Of course, nearly all are
poor to begin with."
John Garcia will probably drop
out. Or else he will transfer to
another school "for disciplinary
reasons." His situation is typical
in the crowded harrios (ghettos).
In the city's two predominantly
Mexican-American high schools
the average dropout rate is above
20 per cent. And average transfer
rates are far above 50 per cent
of the student body. This means
that a teacher will face essentially a different class at the end of
the school year than he faced at
its beginning.
Results of the Mexican-American Study Project at UCLA show
a startling pattern concerning
education and income.
The study found that on the
average, Spanish-surnamed persons (88% Mexican-American)
had much less schooling and income than white Anglos.
In California , for example.
those of Spanish surnames receive a median education of 8. 5
years and go on to receive an
average yearly income of$4,381.
The corresponding figures for
the Anglo group are 12.1 and $5, 806.
In Texas, Spanish-surnamed
persons finish an average of 4.8
years of school and receive an income of $2,400. For the Anglo
population the figures are 10,8
years and $4, 7G8.
The severest cases of low income and education are found
among rural migrant workers. In
the Southwest and Pacific states
alone, these workers total over
7G,000-almost entirely of Mexican des('ent. Their average annual income drops below $1,000 and
their schooling is generally from
one to four years.
Admittedly, the plight of the
migrant's c-hild is the worst He
r Joices with little more than
some shade anrt a handful of
f>ublished five days a w~f'k e:a:cept
holidays and e11amination perioda by
the Fresno State College Association. Mail subscriptions $8 a aeme st er, $15 a year. Editorial office,
Keats Campua Building, telephone
487-2486 . Business office, College
Union 316, telephone 487-2266.
SAY DUDE, [X)N'T SHIN[ MC ON,
AN 0°INION TO [XPf~CSS.
SAD THAT MY
worms
AHCN'T LONG
OH HAl -m TO SPELL.
I AM NOT WHITE,
Rafael Polanco
SO BEFORE IT BECOMES TOO LATE,
LISTEN TO MY WORDS AND MAYBE UNDERSTAND.
OR ELSE------------------Enrique
NOV. 17 -22
Phone Zl3-8l61
SteplieHon•lr■dfoNI
Silll Stereo
Ylllo90 llecorcls
Yanity Shop
Gottscholli'Morcecl, Ylsollo
Kl ■9 Stotl0Hr1, Ha■ford
Cooll•t• H•rclw•re
Lewis Travel, Tulare
Sponsored
by
Fro1110 Ice Hockey, Inc.
Studies for the spring semester?
I feel that the involvement of Ralph Vigil and Jose
Elgorriaga in La Raza Studies Program is at best
further example of tokenism. Their involvement
ran he likened to that of two pawns in a game
of colonial rule. They have been sent out to pick
up ttie pieces after suppression of Chicano leadership has reached an effective level.
BUT AT LEAST LISTEN,
MY WORLD AND LIFE ARE DIFFERENT,
700 "M" Street, Fresno
appointment as Acting Coordinator of La Raza
Carlos Hernandez
OON'T EXPECT OR WANT ME TO BE THE SAME,
CENTH ARENA
I Perfor•••cea
S EY0itl1ttl • 3 M•tl1tHI
*Tu••·• *W•d., •Thun. 1:00
Fri. 1:30 P.M.
S•t. *2:00 & 1:30 P.M.
Sun, §2:00 & •o:00 P.M.
•Yoi,ths 18 & Under 1/1 pric•
fSr. Cit, oS & over 1/1 price
Tic~eh: $5.00, $4.50, $4.00,
$3.00.
IOI OFFICES:
Coave11tlo11 Ce11ter
What was your reaction to Dr. Vigil's
can say that, after listening to these vatos
(Vigil and Elgorriaga), concerning their "ideas and
opinion " of the La Raza Studies· I feel that they
expressed ideas similar to those of the white,
middle class, status-seeking instructor that I am
accustomed to. To this time they have kept "no
whites .. in their place by pounding into them an irre~ "'vant education. thus preventing these people
from developing their full potential as individuals.
LIKE THAT STUDENT OR YOU.
NHNO CONVENTION
PEN SAM IENTOS
Sp aking from my frame of reference (Chicano),
TO YOU, 'TEACHER'
AND MAYR[ UNDE11:-;TAND.
Opinions expressed in Dally Collegian special editions are not necessarily those of Fresno State College
or the student body.
..• The president of the Chamber of Commerce declared in
praise of the school principal:
"He runs a good school.
We
Enrique Rodriguez
I TOO HAVr SOMETHING TO SAY,
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
strawberries.
School is still
something he knows during summers only. In most cases he remains illiterate,
Theodore W. Parsons, in a 1966
Stanford doctoral disserlation,
gives some distressing examples
of discrimination in an agricultural town. After 40 days of personal observation in a 58~ Mexican-American
e 1 em en tar y
school in central California. Parson cites:
.•• A teacher, asked why she
had called on "Johnny" to lead
five Mexicans in orderly file out
of the schoolroom, explained:
"His father owns one of the big
farms in the area and •.• one day
he will have to know how to handle
the Mexicans."
.•. Another teacher. following
the geneMl practice of calling
out Anglos to help Mexican pupils
recite in class, said in praise of
the system:
"It draws them
(Anglos) out and gives them a
feeling of importance.~
never have any trouble 1
n our
school.
Every kid knows h·
place. • . We believe that ev ls
kid has to learn to respect authery
ity and his betters."
or... The principal stated• "O
.
• nee
we let a Mexican girl give a littI
talk of some kind and all she di~
was mumble around. She had
quite an accent. too. Afterwards
we had several complaints from
p~rents_, so we haven't done anythmg llke that since. . • That
was about 12 years ago."
Disc rt mi nation goes beyond the
schools.
Especially in citie
this unwritten rule of the majo:~
ity envelops entire communities
Housing segregation is often th;
direct cause for ghetto school
zoning. The harsh truth of this
system is that the most UP-todate facilities are designed for
middle and upper class Anglo
districts.
Can the quality of a school
then, be disregarded: Can ane~
approach to teaching the Ms!xican-A merican youth be taken"
Can a curriculum--perhaps bi~
lingual in part--be scaled for him
and not just the Anglo student'.'
If the children of the barrio
are ever to be released from the
poverty traps of the ghetto, they
must first be given full opportunity for education of good quality.
BLACK AND BROWN STUDENTS
UCLA'S Graduate School of
Business Administration
will be interviewing prospective students
He (Dr. Vigil) like any other person who has
not experienced a true nationalistic feeling about
himself <'annot really identify hi ms elf with Chicanos
and the things they want. This is because he simply
does not feel or think the wav thev do.
One thing that made it ~ery ·clear he was not
going to work for us is when he almost quoted
that we should not have La Raza Studies in its
own department. but that it should be integrated
withfo the other departments at FSC so that the
white students could also benefit from these
courses. Dr. Baxter had said almost the same
thing word-for-word a few days earlier.
I do not think that La Raza Studies classes
would have much relevance to the. Chicano if the
classes are going to be integrated within the other
departments.
Phyllis Martin
I feel sorry for the dude.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20
to discuss the MBA, MS, and Phd
programs offered at the school.
We are interested in speaking with students from al I departments and major fields Qf study. Various programs are available for students with technical and non-technical backgrounds.
Some funds are available for students in financial need.
PLEASE CONTACT YOUR PLACEMENT OFFICE
Charley Rueda
I agree with Dr. Vigil's objective for an academically recognized La Raza Studies. By striving for
academically qualified instructors, this will do
much to insure a strong and viable La Raza
Studies in the longrun.
UFWOC
y
ton
y,
Don't eat scab lettuC:e!
The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee urges an
consumers to buy union stamped
(black Aztec Eagle) lettuce for a
successful lettuce boycott aimed
to ease the farm worker's socio-economic plight.
In a printed statement by the
UFWOC staff, they revealed that:
The U.S. Department of Labor
estimated that even if the wages
of farm workers doubled and the
full increase were passed on to
the homemaker, she would pay
only a penny or two more for
a head of lettuce.
Actually, the extra money you
paid for lettuce went to lettuce
growers and middle men who deny
farm workers their right to bargain collectively for fair wages
and safe working conditions
through a union of their choiceUFWOC.
In the Salinas Valley where 70
percent of our country's lettuce
is grown, over 5,000 farm workers began a strike on August
24, 1970, after lettuce growers
refused to recognize their union
-UFWOC.
They wanted fair wages and
safe working conditions so that
they could care for their families. Conditions for them are so
bad now that the life expectancy
for migrant farm workers is a
shocking 49 years, while the average U.S. citizen lives over 70
years. Yet in return for the backbreaking work of cutting lettuce
under the merciless California
sun. they were being paid only
$1.75 per hour by a multi-btllion
dollar agribusiness. Although the
strike was both just and effective,
most lettuce growers refused
their workers' reasonable requests. They tried to force them
to accept backdoor agreements
from an outside union that did
not represent them. Violence and
intimidation were used against
the striking workers. Then the
Monterey County Judge, Anthony
Brazil, handed down a court order
forbidding them to exercise their
con~titutional right of strike
picketing. It broke their strike.
Farm workers have been deliberately excluded from the protectlon of the • ational L l or R lattons Act of 1935, leaving them
only dialogue, the strike and boycott as means for organizing.
Most lettuce growers refuse
dialogue and will not recogniz
their unlon-UFWOC.
'ow they can do nothing but
turn to you, t'..e consumer, for
the powerful help rou gave them
during the grape boycott.
PLEASE II E P MIGRA. T
FAR~! \ ORKERS VI ELF DETER 1£ 'ATIO JUSTICE DIGITY A \'OlJ DID THRO GH
TIIE GRAPE BOYCOTT! n Y
LETTUCE SELECTIVELY! Boycott all C allfornta, rt zona, nd
ew 1ex1co lettuce exc pt that
whi h carrl s th UFWO lab 1.
LOOK FOH TIIE AZTE EAG ·
0
THE LETTUCE \ l APPEH
OH nox. IT'S TIIE y moL [,
AF ETY A D DIG ITY.
o\· mb r 16, 1970
Food Drive
To many students, HU GER ls
myth - or o it seems by he
student turnout to help the Food
Drive Committee. On Tuesday,
Oct. 27, 1. . C.H.A.'s Food Drive
Committee sponsored a food
rive in front oC the ca!eterla.
The food collected wa •bones,•
taking in o onstder tlon the
thou ands of tudents on c mpu •
The re · c nn d o d nd the
little mon r collect ct went into
the rood drlve now being condu ted by th Economi Opportunity Commission. Another food
ctrlv will be conduc~ed on c mpu
later thl month tn hope th t
more tud nt h Ip hy don Ung
food or mon y for the poor nd
hungry.
YUlJA
T
HER IA
is to avoid this conflict, then they
are ignoring the needs of the students and serving as mere lackeys of the Baxter regime. Secondly, we need a unified program
created with the involvement of
community members. We do not
need a bogus Minority Advisory
Council or a white-washed disjointed La Raza Sludies!
COMENTARIO.
Vigil's appointment
insult to Chicanos
By Victor Salazar
The appointment of Dr. Ralph
Vigil as acting head of La Raza
studies is a direct insult to those
of us who have committed ourselves to the attainmentofequality for all Chicanos.
Although Ralph Vigil is in the
position to make major critical
decisions for ~he future development of La R.. ,a Studies at Fresno State College, he is totally
unqualified to recognize, much
less determine, the strategic
needs of a La Raza Studies Programs. He has stated "for all
rights and purposes I am white
. , • Lee Trevino (professional
golfer) has done more for the
Mexican-American cause than
anyone else."
He has also stated that he didn't
really believe in the concept of
La Raza. How can a man with
such an orientation, desire to
much less, direct a valid La Raza
Studies Program that would be
both relevant and conducive to
the aspirations of the Chicano
community?
The La Raza Studies Selec-
tion Committee is a farce and a
threat to the recruiting of adequate and qualified teaching personnel oriented in the field of La
Raza Studies. Dr. Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard, couldn't possibly be aware of the conditions
and needs relevant to the hiring
of La Raza Studies personnel. So
we have Ralph Vigil, a selfproclaimed white man; Jose Elgorriaga, a Spaniard; and on
Ct1~-: t.10, Jerome Marquez. These
men will be the committee responsible for the future hiring of
La Raza Studies instructors.
The present La Raza Studies
Program is in direct opposition
to our beliefs. Therefore, Mr.
Baxter, we as Chicanos will move
against those forces which have
denied us freedom of expression and human dignity. Our heritage has been one of constant
struggle and we will not fall before your meager attempt to halt
or distort our self-determination. we will not allow you to dictate our heritage, our culture, our
views nor our aspirations.
Hasta La Victoria
Looking for something DIFFERENT?
':"'
OL
I\. I
u~
a
~
I
~v.,c.P.
~s
ti..\Q\
u ~\-,
l',_
EF
~A TIN
.
PONCHOS - from Ecuador - Otavalo Indians
colorful, stylish - each different - , . $9,-95 up
'-HOULDER BAGS - Ecuador - Salusaca Indians
~
sturdy carry-all - nice as gifts .. $3.95 a~d.up
FABRICK LENGTHS - Guatemala - make striking
maxi skirts - solids, stripes , • • , -~3.99 yar~
stores. Please help us ln our
struggle and boycott scab lettuce.
Viva La Huelgal
Public Relations
Committee
ECHA Public Relations has
begun a series of community contacts, beginning With some of the
major churches ln the area. The
purpose of these contacts ls to
improve relations between the
community and the Chicano stuent .
Junior colleges and high
schools throughout the valley are
being contacted in order to gain
more support on the t sue ot La
Raza tudles t FSC. AS part of
th MECHA Concillo, Public Rel tions finds It necessary to
bridge some ot the communication gap
reated on campus.
Anyone wishing to meet as a
group to discuss the Chicano
tudent Movement or the issues
surrounding La Raza at Fresno
State Co 11 e g e should contact
MECHA members to make necessary arrangements.
La Raza Studies Program
takes turn for the worse
cano student involvement in the
initial stage of restoring La Raza
Studies. There exists a conflict
between the Baxter regime and
Chicano students as to what a La
Raza Studies should be. Baxter
wants academic integrity but not
a vehicle for concrete social
change. We want both. If the intention of Vigil and Elgorriaga
3
NOTICIAS
COMENTARIO
By Carlos Hernandez
The immediate future of La
Raza Studies is now in the hands
of Ralph Vigil and Jose Elgorriaga. Their appointment as acting co-ordinator of La Raza
Studies and chairman of La Raza
Selections Committee, respectively, is a definite turn for the
worse for the Chicano community. An indication of this fact is
that under their d.irection La
Raza courses will be offered in
the various departments of the
college rather tuan a separate department. The implications of
this move are twofold. First,
since La Raza faculty is being
hired by several departments,
the chairmen of these departments are in a position to insure
that the Selections Committee
will keep philosophical differences between Baxter and La
Raza faculty to an absolute minimum, No one shall rock the boat.
Remember. Baxter runs a tight
ship! Secondly, with La Raza
faculty separated and philosophical differences few, if any, the
faculty unity necessary for the
development of a La Raza Studies
Department 'Vill be. in effect,
non-existent.
Another indication of a turn for
the worse is the lack of Chicano
student involvement in the formulation of next semester's La Raza
Studies. In a MECHA meeting
last Wednesday, Elgorriagaindicated that this situation was due
to the fact that he and Vigil were
working in a vacuum. He stated
that a great impasse had enveloped La Raza Studies in September. Thus, the situation warranted, ,for purposes of efficiency, the exclusion of student involvement. Elgorriaga continued
by giving indications that once
some semblance of a La Raza
Studies was restored, student involvement in the future direction
of the program would be up to
the students.
However. Elgorriaga seems to
be ignorant of the fact that a good
part of Chicano student leadership is deliberately being muffled either through economic
strangulation, legal proceedings,
or both. One wonders what students and what type of involvement Elgorriaga envisions for the
future.
In sun, mation, Vigil and Elgorriaga are, first, making a
drastic mistake by excluding Chi-
THE DAILY COLLEGIA
Huelga Committee
The Huelga Committee is one
of the most important branches
of MEC IIA. Its main purpose
is to unite the students and the
campesino by working with each
other in the struggles of La
Huelga. Since most of the Chicano students at Fresno State
College have worked most of their
lives in the fields, the validity
of the huelga is well understood
and accepted.
The Huelga Committee got together and went to Delano. There
they picked up posters and leaflets explaining the validity of the
boycott on lettuce. This material
was later passed out on the FSC
campus. The lettuce boycott is
still on and we are planning to
put it into effect in Fresno.
Many people are ignorant of the
lettuce boycott and have to be
made aware or educated.
Safeway has chosen to be our
opponent again, after a straight
knockout the first time; so 1t
has asked for a rematch. Next
Saturday, Nov. 21, we will be
passing out leanets, concerning
the huelga, at the main Safeway
Junior College
Committee
The Junlor College Commitee
was organized through MECHA
for the purpose of maintaining
direct and current communication and information between
Junior Colleges and State Colleges. This year the committee
is ln the process of starting
communication between the College of Sequoias, Reedley Junior
College, Modesto Junior College,
Merced Junior College and Fresno City Junior College.
"'··············-·,
■NEW YORK
$139.■
I
I
■
LV. DEC. 18 -RETURN JAN. 3
LV. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■
L V. DEC. 19 - RETURN JAN. 3
■ LONDON
■ LONDON
■
■
■
I
■I
■
Cbristmlls Charter Fligbt1
LV. DEC. 20
R0UNDTR1'9
I
$246.a
'TRI.._
ROUND
$139.1
OfE WAY ■
These flighri .,. ~ ro rruo\ffltl, faculty, 1tnf
employtltll Md rhtdr ~ fami~
SPRING a SUMMER FLIGHT SCH£OULIES TO EUROPE
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
FOR SCJiEDVLF.S. CA.LI. OR WlUTB
All
Phone (4151 832-2902
lights are op rat d by Capitol lntemationel
I ~---,,.----1111.&IL
invaya
■
I
■
■
.!C!!>~?.!.O.!l.t~~H.!'J!f.!29!M!2'L---- ■
■-~~::~~:V,f'NIM•-----------Calif. 94701
■'
~,........ ________________......~--,..... ..... '"'lnforffleltk," -
■~-----------
....................
4
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN
Monday, November 16, 1970
•I FSC NO! ... Ii
!li."111 i CHEA SI!
By Abran Queredo
It has become absolutely clear
to many Chicanos that the development of a program of higher
education for them cannot in any
way take place within the existing
institutional structure of Fresn0
state College.
Last year, ('69-'70) Chicano
students and faculty attempted to
establish a •whole" program, one
that dealt with the total needs of
the Chicano student. The three
areas of emphasis were to be:
1. Humanities (Chicano
culture)
2. Community development
3. Education
Culture classes were designed
in order to help the student identify himself as part of the •Chicano Culture." In the case of
language, an indisputable element
of all cultures, the student was
told that it was natural for a
Chicano to speak thewayhedoes.
For all his life, one ear has been
tuned in to English while the other
has been tuned in to Spanish. So
it is natural for the Chicano to
speak in a way that combines both
the English and Spanish languages, and added to this is a
whole list of words that come not
from either language, but from
the indigenous peoples of this
hemisphere. The Chicanos' way
of speaking is not a lack of style,
but rather a new style, a new
language, that is part of a new
culture, the Chicano Culture. For
too long we have been told that
we speak unnatural, unstylish
and should be ashamed of our way
of talking. One project that was
underway last year as a result
of this orientation, was the making of a Chicano dictionary.
The area of community development and involvement was undoubtedly the thorn in the side of
the people that control the power
structure in this valley anti pull
the strings on those who ser e
as puppets for them in all Valley
institutions. When students joined
the "Huelga" picket lines and did
what they could do for poor people in Hanford, who were asking
for the implementation of the
Federal Food Stamp Program in
Kings County , the puppet masters
were angered and started pulling
strings to systematically eliminate La Raza Studies. Agri-business and the Power Structure are
one and the same. In the valley,
the number one enemy of agribusiness is the United Farm
Workers union, headed by Cesar
Chavez.
Fresno State College Chicanos
are the sons and daughters of
farm workers and have every
right to picket and protest with .
their parents for the betterment
of La Raza. Our parents were
harrassed, thrown in jail and discriminated- against in the valley
by the Agri-business racist barons. We did not stand by in the
ivory tower atmosphere of Fresno State and turn our backs on our
Raza last year. We were active,
we were involved, and the power
people didn't like it.
The educational component of
La Raza Studies dealt_with the
Chicano as a student with emphasis on a billngual and bicultural arrangement. A Bachelor of Arts degree course of
study was put into proposal form
MANAGER
IANT ADS
dom needed to develop an effective program.
This year as most of you know,
there is no La Raza Studies under
the Ethnic Studies Department.
A group of Chicanos have been
preparing for this final blow since
last spring. This group calls its
organization CHEA, Chicanos for
Educational Alternatives.
The g~oup believes that the only
~lternahve left to Chicanos Wishing ~o continue their education is
to first create their own ectu
tional institution. Fresno Stcat.
ae
c ol 1ege ts
not for CHICANOS,
PART II next issue .
Teatro Campesino portrays urban and rural Chicanos
Member s of Tcatro r.ampe<;ino perform before a n al1dicncr. of campcsino<; and their fan,iliec;.
The Teatro Campesino grew
out of the Ifuelga in Delano around
October. 1%:i. Anyone who has
been on an agricultural picket
line can see how natural it is for
strikers to want to mimic the patrones, contratistas, S<'ahs and
sheriffs. Anyone who was in Delano at the beginning of the long,
bitter. humorless struggle and
saw the depression of the strikers
could easily see the need to make
them laugh. So we developed a
broad, fast-paced, almost slapstick style of comedy using the
stock of farm labor: the patron .
the contractor, the scab. etc,
Reality was our theater. Everything was improvised. but we soon
developed our own short dramatic
form, the "acto," which can be
described as "somewhere between Brecht and Cantinflas."
In the Spring of 1966, the
huelga marched to Sacramento,
and the Teatro became the focal point of nightly rallies during
the 25-day , 300-mile pilgrimage.
Shortly afterwards. we began
making tours to raise funds and
Assistant Resident
support the Union. First to the
Northwest, then Southwest and
finally in 1967, across the U.S.
(In 1908 we received an offYoung married couple
Broadway Obie award in New
Janted to manage 24 apt.
York.)
nits. Send resume to
In September. 19 67 we left
1387 E. San Bruno
Delano and established an indeApt. H
pendent cultural center in Del
Fresno 93710
Rey, California. At this point
the emphasis of the Teatro
changed from the Huelga to La
Raza, which included the farm
workers struggle but also the
Furn 2 BR across from dorms urban Chicanos. We began to
$1 60 or $45 person. 439-6481 perform actos on Chicano themes
using new barrio characters: the
'51 Ford 3 sp hurst full leather pachuco, the family, the gringoint . Craig gauges, $200, 264-9354 ized Mexican, etc. This led to
WANTED
and presented for approval but
the administration managed to
evade it for the entire year. All
other efforts aimed at developing
an educational program for Chicanos were hampered by the constant confrontations forced upon
us by the administration. We were
deprived of the necessary free-
the prorlurhon of our fir t fulllength play "The Shrunken Head
of Pancho Villa" . hY Luis Valdez, which symbolizes the social
despair of the Chicano family.
In 1%9. Wt' hit the road again
and upon invitation. pi:>rformi:>d J.t
the World Theater Festival in
Nancy, France. We also move<i
our base to Fresno and spent the
entire summer performing in rural towns and labor ramps. In
the fall. we completed our first
full-length film hased on a poem
hy Rudolfo "Corky'· Gonzales.
Our repertory now included fulllength plays, puppet shows. films.
and a cal a vera band as we 11 as
actos.
The rural Chicano is still our
main focus. We perform free for
farm workers during the harvest
season and tour the colleges and
universities during the fall.
Our primary aim is to combat
poverty and oppression in the
heart of the richest agricultural
valley in the world. So the prevailing message is still a direct
one: Organizense Haza! Politically and Economically'.
Our theater contains much
laughter and song. We strive to
create life images of our own
people 011 stage. Our character.
situa tions . bilingual 5pee<'h. all
reflect the daily li ft> of tile urban
:rnrt rural Chic·an')s of thP Southw1.:st. ln its warmth and irony,
La Raza provides 1°nough material for rountless plays.
Our
satin' is based on simple recognition of common human failings.
It is only with injusti('e anrl the
inhuma11 institutions that we are
uncompromising.
We join with 0ur earnales
across tht> Southwest in calling
our part of Occupied '.\1exico hy
its ancient indio title: A ztlan.
We will consider our job done
when even· one of our people
has regarded his sense of personal ctignity and pride i11 history. culture and Raza .
ACHILLES
ARMS
OUI ET ::, E TTI NG
FOR SERIOU S
S TUDENTS
Space for male & female
Reasonable Rates
5280 North 6th st.
Phone 224-5897
SPECIALS
CANVAS BAG
for carr y ing
800 KS
9 5 ~-
NAVY
BELL
only
BOTTOMS
549
AIR FORCE
SUN
GLASSES
229
ALL ART
MATERIALS
2 0%
DISCOUNT
SUEDE FRINGED
VESTS, PURSES,
HATS etc.
ST\'Dl-'1'iTSEAR \J EXTl ~A MONEY!
Need donors for P lasrna -
1 - GROUP
can sell twice a week
$5 for Complete Collection
Ca l I 485-4821
For Appointment
Hours 7:10 a.m. - 3:30 p.ni.
CALIF. BLOOD BANK
FOUNDATION
412 F Street - Fresno
up
-.,.,~,M THIS YEAR" - N.Y. Tl
.AMIKE Nl['JIOLS FILM
AlJN~KIN 1.•i•
~'
l&l!tlllll
JOSfPI
COMPLETC
STOCK
4