La Voz de Aztlan, February 16 1970
Item
Title
La Voz de Aztlan, February 16 1970
Creator
Associated Students of Fresno State
Relation
La Voz de Aztlan (Daily Collegian, California State University, Fresno)
Coverage
Fresno, California
Date
2/16/1970
Format
PDF
Identifier
SCUA_lvda_00007
extracted text
Systematic Prisoner
By Ruben Perez
Political prisoner. This term
is one which, in this day and age
ls readily grasped by almost ev~
eryone. What we here in the
United States have much difficulty grasping is the concept and
the reality of its implications.
Traditionally and historically the
term relates to and is associated
with treason, prisoners of war
_ or persons who become prisoner~
as a result of over-throwing a
particular pOlitical party.
For this reason, when one begins to talk and expand the term
and concept to encompass and be
applicable to the brothers and
sisters in prison, often one gets
either an apathetic or incredulous
reaction.
The posltlon of the government
ot this country ls very clear on
this matter: there are no political crimes or prisoners.
Where the government leaves
off, we begin: Third World colonized people of this country that
are in prisons are politicalprisoners.
Prisoners and prisons become
political since they are tools of
politicians and the ruling class.
"Crimes• committed by an oppressed people symbolize and express the attempt to tear off the
bonds of oppression. People are
not born "criminals•, no more
than one ls born educated,
By seriously examining and
exploring the political- judicial
penal system of this country, the
reality of its vicious and criminal
posture is revealed. From the
informer, to the pig, the warden,
and gov e r no r , the so-called
"criminal" is a victim of a racist, materialistic system thatt
recognizes the rebellious spirit
and immediately sets its machinery in motion to dampen and contain, sometimes kill, the person
who will not submit.
To those who find and confront
the system head on, the branding
and systematic degradation of being • mentally ill", •criminal•, or
both, begins. Contrary to popular
~lief, and the in-Vogue psycho-
alytical theory' oppressed people do not com mi t offenses
against the state because mother
sisn•t breast feed them. They are
committed because the Mother
Country does not feed nor meet
the needs of the working and exploited people.
The inablllty to relate to the
needs of the people is an integral
and basic philosophy of the u s
Capitalist Government. Ofnec~s~
Slty lt must do this in order to
keep the self-perpetrating, exploitive, and divisive class struggle in motion and working.
Looking at the judicial-penal
system from the perspective of
people responding to their needs
<th at is, people committing offenses in response, or reaction,
to certain basic needs) it ls within our grasp to begin to see that
people in prison are in effect
victims to the cruelest manifestation of an oppressive-suppressive system. We began by trying
to deal with the concept of political prisoners; those brothers and
siSters who by virtue of their
acts have committed an act that
by the system's definition ls a
political "crime". The concept
of non-politicized political prisoners is one much more elaborate
and complex. By even accepting
such an idea, we enter the vast
arena of so-called •rehabilitative• programs that conceivably
are set up to help people gone
astray; to go "straight•. It is by
entering this arena and by exploring its basic tenets and philosophy
that we encounter the mentality
instilled by the ruling class to
their puppet-governmental figureheads. This mentality assumes without question the position that the persons coming into
a police station are either• sick"
or •criminal•, or both.
From the police (who are the
occupying political army of the
ruling class), to the courts, to
the prisons, to the adult authority
and its parole system, to the
whole machinery of its mental
health correctional department,
LAVOZD~
LAN
it Is a vast undertaking (by the
system) that has the audacity and
the nerve to call ltself•rehabllltatlve• and concerned about the
•crime• in this country.
It never has been, nor will it
ever be, an effective •rehabilitative" system. Failure is inherent because Its whole ap-,
proach ls geared to Instill the
same vicious competitive values
that the person rejected In the
first place. Had the person, at
least half-heartedly, embraced
and accepted these values, he or
she wouldn't be In prison or jail.
It Is from the above point of
view that we find in prisons
throughout this country thousands
upon thousands of brothers and
sisters having committed offensesthat have a very defln1te political Implication: a drug addict,
a burglar, a rapist, a murderer;
who is a human being with all
the attributes of being sensitive
and aware of the inconsistencies
and hypocrisies of the community and country into which he is
born.
This, in a general sense, typifies the non-politicized political
prisoner. It is this person that
we, the Movement, need most
desperately to reach with our
message. We must relate and
convey to our sisters and brothers that the! r rebellious acts
were not negative and •criminal•. Their acts were positive
attitudes that have tried to deal
in an ind! vi dualistic negative way
with an oppressive criminal system. The message must be: join
the Movement and in a collective
brotherly, constructive and ere~
au ve way attack and change the
system!
UNIDOS VENCEREMOS!
• • • con todo caril'io
Querida Raza:
I am very happy about the fact
that we were all able to study
last night our materials onCapitalism. I am also very happy that
all of us had three full meals
and that we were able to give our
girls a ride in our new cars.
Above all, however, I am glad
and joyous that we will be receiving a degree soon so that
we "CAN HELP LA RAZA",
I am very thankful to all the
people who have helped me receive my DEGREES, which in
return have helped me become a
TRUE CAPITALIST. lam, however , very disappointed with all
these people that helped me, because they did not teach me about
LOVE. l only know how to love
myself. l am ashamed I can't
love my RAZA. l love all of you
"college students• but my mind
keeps telling me that you are not
my RAZA. Or, maybe it's that I
see you don't know how to love
either. Don't get mad! l could be
absolutely wrong.
l have told you to HATE this
CAPlT ALISTlC
OPPRESSIVE
nation and you' told me that hate
was evil. I had two years to think
about what you told me. And you
know what? You were right! The
Problem then is that I can't convince myself that we are capable
of loving. But, I could be wrongfor you tell me that eventually
YOU and I will be able •to help
our Raza•.
Yot• must understand, MY
RAZA 1s being killed everyday,
everyday. None of them come to
college, None of them have three
meals a day. None of them are
on Work-Study. None of them say
they are going to help LA RAZA
tomorrow. None of them take LA
RAZA STUDIES classes because
they want to learn the! r culture
or because It is more comfortable than other classes.
At Fresno State College, l
could love Roberto Rubalcava,
who got canned a month ago. l
could love Katherine Panas, who
was refused a job because •it was
not in the best interest of the
college•. I could love Adan Juarez, who won't have a job after
June, 1970. And even those members of the staff who won't have
a job after June, 1970.
LA RAZA I could love are your
parents and relatives that are
still starving in the fields. The
parents who are on the welfare
lines. Your brothers and cousins
who get picked up by the cops,
and then brutally beaten up. All
of those dropouts who were driven out by the system you hope to
replace. All the addicts who needed our hand. And all of those
children who die before they can
take a breath of air.
Oh , I guess there are a lot of
people I could love but l guess
that we are busy preparing ourselves to love our RAZA romorrow. Yet, I could be wrong. Maybe you already love LA RAZA.
It's only that I am confused. l
am not sure of ourselves. I am
not sure of anything anymore. I
feel we are all a bunch of smalltime Capitalists. But like I said,
I could be wrong; so please help
me and set me straight. Show me
that you love MY RAZA. But
most Important, show me how you
can do it - so that I too can
love LA RAZA de BRONCE.
Un abrazo amaroso
Guillermo Martinez
FRESNO STATE COLLEGE , FRESNO , CALIFORNIA
Daily
Collegian
LXXV /79
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1970
Three Years at Fresno State
Over the last three years a significant trend had been developing
at Fresno State College. Due to
the efforts of concerned faculty,
administrators and students, the
Mexican popu!atlon at the only
State College in the Central Valley had begun to Increase so that
at least it seemed that this traditionally excluded portion of the
population was going to take its
rightful place at all levels of
college life. A quick survey of
the facts bear out this optomistlc and hopeful statement.
Fall 1967 saw the beginning
of Proiect 17, the precursor of
the current Educational Opportunity Program. The MexicanAmerican Student Association
had just come Into existence and
begun its works of encouraging
students to continue their eduThere were 190 Mexican-American students on campus out of a total student body
of 9,000. On hand to work with
and help these 190 students were
one full-time Mexican instructor
and twenty-five Mexican support staff members. Nineteen of
the 638 students receiving financial assistance at FSC were
Mexican-Americans.
From these small but positlve
received direct state funding for
steps there developed in 1968 the first time in California history.
a longer, better organized Educational Opportunity Program
This era of progress has sudunder the directorship of Kadenly ended, The present adtherine Panas. The students of ministration has begun a series
the Mexican-American Student of systematic moves against the
Confederation and concerned Mixicans on the Fresno State
members of the faculty, admi- College Campus. The nominanistration and support staff saw tion of Katherine Panas, spethe number of Mexican-Ameri- cialist in billngual education, was
can students on campus rise to rejected. Roberto Rubalcava who
517 out of the total ll,000 stu- spearheaded and directed student
dents on campus.
efforts in Sacramento and can
1969 seemed like the beginning thereby talce the lion's share
of a new era. Mexican-Ameri- of credit of increased EOP has
can student enrollment was up been terminated, The latest proto 759 students out of the 13,000 nouncement of the administr:uion
members of the student body. Is a return to •normal• adthe
The one-man Estudlos de La missions procedures
Raza program had developed in- procedures of the pre-1967 days
to a six-member population to when there were less than two
to a six-member team working hundred Mexican-American stufor the students thereby help- dents on campus and one fulling Increase the college-wide time faculty member,
Mexican faculty population to seThe present administration has
ven full time and ten part time declared war on the Mexicanfaculty members. Thirty-nine American students on campus
Mexican support staff helped at FSC. It wlll not rest until
meet the needs of the students. lt has driven us from the campus.
Largely due to the initial efforts
of the students of Movimeinto
Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan
a significantly expanded E op
ESTUDIOS DE LA RAZA
F.S.C. 197 4
By Robert Cowden ·
I looked forward to visitJng
the campus four years after my
graduation and to seeing the
changes that had occurred, As
I came into the free speech area,
I saw an astonishing thing. A
sedan chair, carried by !our
students, was moving toward me.
There were two Blacks in front,
two Browns behind, and a lone
Indian alongside wavin~ a large
fan.
The chair stopped on command,
and I recognized Dr. Karl Falk
resting against two large pillows. When I asked him about
his peculiar mode of travel, he
patiently explained that it was
comfortable and that the most
important thing on any college
campus was that its president
be comfortable.
He rapped his highly polished
boot sharply with his swagger
stick, and the chair moved on.
As I walked into the grove of
trees by the Library! was pleased
to see that the custom of teaching outside during the summer
was still being observed. It
was another old friend, Dr. James
Fikes. His class sat before him
in precise rows and shouted back
in unison the phrases he read to
them: • America, love it or leave
it; support your local police;
when guns are outlawed, only
outlaws will have guns ; none dare
call it treason ; get a haircut;
and impeach the Supreme Court."
Stopping to talk, I told him I
had heard rumors that students
were being brainwashed. Dr.
Fikes' eyes went hard and the
hair stood up on the back of his
neck. "Horseshit! That's adamn
lie!• he said. I stepped back, to
avoid the necks of foam and
moved along since I could no
longer understand what he was
saying. Soon I could hear his
students chanting, •I'm proud to
be an Okie from Muskogee.•
The next person I saw was Mr.
Phillip Walker, who was standing before the fountain making
strange noises.
I asked if I
could speak to him.
He inclined his head toward the sun
and reflected for a moment. I
waited as he spat several pebbles
from his mouth.
"Yeth, • he said, then spat out
one more pebble. •r love to
talk.•
•How are things going here
at FSC?• I asked.
"Fine, last week-end we burned
Baker Hall and hanged three students,• he said.
I couldn't believe my ears.
"But Why?• l asked,
•r can't tell you that,• he said.
"We moved on the basis of some
confidential information l received.
But I can tell you it
was in the best interests of the
college.• he said.
"But isn't that unjust?" I asked.
Walker chuckled. ".Justice is
Swope_
a matter of opinion. If you had
read Plato's Republic, you would
have known that.•
I thought 1 had better get off
campus as quickly as possible,
but Dr. Falk's chair blocked my
way. I became angry.
•Haven't you ever heard of
the Golden Rule?" I shouted.
~ Arte de los Barrios
Over 100 paintings by Chicano
artists from all over Aztlan have
come together here in Fresno.
Currently on exhibition at 1447
Van Ness, the art show is the
best to ever hit Fresno and It ls
free. Hosted by the Teatro C:rmpesino whose di rector. Raza Staff
member Luis Valdez, was responsible for getting the show together in Fresno, it is open to
the public weekdays from 1 to 6
p.m. and on weekends from 1 to
8 p.m.
A representative selection of
some 10 to 15 works have been
brought over to go on display here
at the Fresno State College I 1brary as of Tuesday, February
17. But the bulk of the show over 90 paintings - stlll remains
at the Teatro's rehearsal hall on
Van Ness between Olive and
McKinley.
The broad scope of the show
guarantees all who view a deep
experience - el alma de la Raza
unida. The unbelievable range
from the meticulous and honest
reproductions of Aztec glyphs of
Sonia Nevel (#73) to the Funk art
and the Chicano psyched e 11 c
drawings of Slaff member Ernesto Palomino. No more penetrating
Insight and true Chicano perspective ls possible than the "Brown
Bride• os Esteban Villa (#20),
a bride - race mutilated in marriage - with a new white dress
on holding in her hands, perhaps
the future - a bouquet of Jewels,
or the powerful social realism of
Andres Zermeno depicting the
plight of the campesino (#26), the
burning sun on the farmworker's
back, and coming down on him
the ogre of mechanization - neanderthal-like with ham mer in
hand. Zermeno's canvases . are
complemented by our own Chicana student Gloria Osuna's
•ttUELGA" (#106), another piece
o! poignant and biting social com-
I
s ring anywher
I
I
'
r money will b
I • I
price ,s ow, the value terrific. And they lock! They're
together forever .. . never twist
or turn on her finger.
mentary. Or for those with a more
universal spirit, the purity and
simple lines of Francisco Hermande z (#lD and #50), the meticulous crartmanship of Mario
Montenegro 's count r ~- scenes
(#68 and #R 1). or the heroic works
of ,Jose Romero (#3 and 1184).
No amount of ink can do justice
to this show and no words can
transmit the spiritual quality of
the experiences aw a i ting the
viewer at 1447 Van Ness - and
all for FREE!
On weekends an added featurea color film based on Rudolfo
Gonzales' epic poem •Yo Soy
Joaquin" is show - also free.
The film is the artistic creation
of Luis Valdez and his theatre
group - El Teatro Campesino,
all of which go to make Fresno
la capital cultural de. Aztlan.
So all you carnales - get a
carnala and trip on down to the
•Centro• and catch the 1st Annual
• Arte de los Barrios,• porque
'sta "de aquellas. •
EASY BUDGET TERMS
· Student charges Welcome - No Co•signer Necessary .
Special Semester Terms for Students
. .
FRESNO'S LARGEST JEWELERS
.
DOWNTOWN
1107· FULTON MALL
237-2101
Open fri. Hites 'Til 9
I
MANCHESTER
3540 Blackstone
229-8511
Ooen Man. & Fri. Nites 'Tit 9
Condits
f92to
cause dissent. This would cause
a reactionary takeover by the
conservatives and we don't want
that to happen. We want to preserve academic freedom!• he
said.
Convinced by this brilliant logic , I left the old campus with my
mind at ease.
JU.r "LA RAZA"
"Your Closest Florist"
Pay 3.00 week!
•The Golden Rule, like consultative procedures, is legally
non-existent,• he replied.
•But, you've turned this campus into a concentration camp,"
I said.
"Yes, it's regrettable but we
had to do it,• he said. •otherwise, radicals and liberals would
FLOWERS & GIFTS
Finest Corsages & Floral Make-tip
Cedar & Shields Ph . 227-3564
by William Bogan
In an Impressive workofliterary journalism, "La Raza: The
Mexican Americans,• Stan Steiner reports from the depths o!
this community, South Texas to
Delano. Ile talked with farm
workers, members of political
action groups in East Los Angeles; he reports on cultural and
"brown power• stirrings in a
do zen centers most of us have
never heard about. We talked
this in -depth reportage
yesterday. It's a wonderful book,
and should have a far larger audience than it probably will get.
Steiner is the itinerant• Anglo•
scholar who lived with various
Indian tribes over some years
and wrote of an emerging "red
power• in his book "The New
Indians• 0968). He does much
the same for the California and
Southwestern "chicano" here.
It is not the anthropological
study that Oscar Lewis presented in "The Children of Sanchez.~ Rather. it is a broad investigation of a community and a
culture of poverty that has been
ignored by most North Americans. Steiner attempts to record
both the history and new selfawareness of this minority by
letting them speak for themselves. He comes up with, in his
words, "the truth as it exists in
their hearts and minds.• Whether
it is our truth, he adds, •is not
important.•
Although identifying with the
new black self-awareness, the
Mexican Americans are a special
breed. "La Raza,• or "the holy
race,• is an ancient concept which
can be traced back to the Aztecs.
•••••
,1;,
~w:®
"Like the Hebrews in Egypt,•
one explained, "we are just now
becoming free of our bondage.•
They are of all hues, some
black, others with blue eyes and
blond hair, like surfers. So
"brown power" is not a black
power sort of thing, even though,
as another put it, "we are in the
same condition.•
The history of "La Raza• exists
outside textbooks. !or textbooks
merely "institutionalize• what is
remembered. Steiner traces this
history through the words and
emotions of real people.
*
**
Although the new self-awareness is very strong in the Mexican American community, members of it feel time is on their
side. "We are in no hurry,• one
is quoted. "We are clean of national crimes. We have never
been a nation; we have not stolen
the lands of anybody. Time is
running out for the United States,
for Russia, England, for the old
powers. But not for us • . ••
This is a fascinating collective
portrait of a particularly interesting and tragically overlooked
minority now on the move, andof
a new, vigorous culture emerging
within it. including the new chicano press which flourishes (underground. for the most part)
between Houston and San Jose.
"La Raza• is being heard, and
Steiner's "La Raza" helps the
i::est of us understand what is
going on. Read it (Harper &
Row; $'l.95).
-San Francisco Chronicle
J1"' ...... E U.P .......1HEN BLACK
..... AND 1-A 'R.R2A
sr UD\E5.
SO WHAT
EL VENDIOO
(the rock)
another Chicano has died in vietnam
so what !
he was one of many who walked hand in hand
so what !
he was drafted into the united states army
l eavi ng a wi fe and chi ld behind
so what!
they say he di ed for his countr y
what country ?
t hat he died thinking of a beauti ful amer ica
not his wife?
chi ld?
vatos ?
j efe?
jefa?
NO'
he d ied for democracy wh ere a man has
"TH E FREE DOM TO LI VE•
YEA !
he was marr ied and had a child and was reall y
l ovi ng life but he was tak en away from his
loved ones by hi s beauti fu l
CHI ANO LOVING AM ERI A
for what
to be kill ed
but that' s al ri gflt because ther e are many
joc castillos
and t her e may not be a tear for j oe
but I i st en man
becau se you may he nex t
SO WHAT
Reis T ije rina was born one day
In th e rac ist land down Texas way.
His fam il y was poor, had little money
But were ri ch in pride as anyone can be.
un vendido is much like a rock
I ike the rock which does not soak water
el vendido does not accept the truth
but in time dirt will collect on it
it w i ll soak water and it shall begin to crack
a seed wi 11 fal I in the crack
out of which a tree will grow
and in much time the boulder shall disappear
this is process which takes many years
the same as the vendido
but we don't have that much time
because before too many tomorrom
we shal I disappear
Manuel Jimenez
c/ s
HELP STAMP OUT BUGS!
Dynamic Contra Costa
County is anxiously looking
for an intel I igent individual
for Agricultural Inspector
Trainee. Sorry, the pay is
only $584 per month and the
job I im ited to one year.
But during that time, if you
obtain one of the major
state certificates in Agri-·
culture Inspection, it's on
to Agriculture Inspector I
($660-801). We'll even try
to help you I earn. Qua Iif ications are: California
Driver's License and a
Bachelor's degree ••• Yup,
easy requirements.
For
more information, write:
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
Civil Service, P .o. Box710,
Martinez, Cali f~rnia 94553.
manuel jim enez
Th eir pride was apparent to the gringo pigs,
Pri de and hones ty th ey just didn't dig.
They beat up his kin, and shot up his dad.
But it only succeeded in making him mad.
C Is
Reis saw his people i n chains
And he knew it was th e gringo who was to blame.
Re is stood up loud and did he shout
"Just wait till we'r e strong to drive you all out."
Reis organized his people well,
An d I oud did he r ing th e freedom bel I.
He shouted fo r ju sti ce for his brown race,
But was heard onl y by stars in space.
here i am in my class
j ust sitting on my big fat as s
al I around me "gavacllos" sitting
at al I of tll em i fe el I ike spitting
m
He tried to do it th e legal way
But no one Ii stened unt i I that day
Wh en he got ti red and he did say
" We are going to make the gringos pay!"
V,
but that's al I right carnal es
because to them i tel I them cha I e
A cr y ar ose from the gringo castle
Who is t his gr easer who causes this hassle?
allow our leader to fall
we are worse than a snake that crawls.
cannot fi nd a peaceful solution
there is onl y one way left - Revolution!
Minority
Recruitment
Minori ty studen~s currently
enrolled in California Universities and colleges are invited to
attend an all-day minority recruitm ent Open House at the
Univers ity of California, Davis,
School of Law, February 21.
The purpose of the Open House
is to acquaint minority students
with the importance of a legal
education.
Dean Edward L. Barret Jr.
will start the program at 9 a.m.
in King Hall discussing the admission and financing of a legal education. Afterwards Professor Kellis E. Parker will
speak on the Martin Luther King
Program concerning the legal
problems of the disadvantaged.
A
panel discussion, •The
Problems of the Minority Community Are They Solvable
Through the Present Legal Structure?", will be headed by James
Chandler, third year law student.
Other participants are Dr. Ralph
Kennedy, director of the Black
Research and Service Program
at UCD ; Attorney Ralph Abascal,
California Rural Legal Assistance; Victor Falacios, first year
Ch:, ano student; and Brian Tom,
third year Asian-American student.
the teacher looks at th e clothes i wear
and even the way i comb my hair
staring at my combat boots
are those ugly sopllisti cated brutes
On June fift h of si xt y-seven
El Rey Tigre and hi s immortal eleven
Attacked Tie rra Amarailla, a tiny village
To fr ee his men, not to kill or pillage.
If we
Then
If we
Th en
they look at me as if i am • cochino"
hut i know •que soy vato fino"
cause i know that me and my hermanos
are proud to be chicanos
IS A COLLEGE THAT DOES MORE THAN BROADEN
HORIZONS.
IT SAILS TO THEM AND BEYOND.
Learn about it from James McRevnolds; representing
Chapman Col I ege, Orange, California.
On campus
Wednesday, February 25, 1970 ·
9:00 am to 2: 00 pm. Student Center, Room 310
Meno
c/ s
Henry Ramsey, Bay Area attorney, is scheduled guest speaker on the program.
Students interested in attending the Open House may write
to Open House, c/o Minority
Recruitment, School of Law. Kine:
SEE
WORLD CAMPUS AFLOAT
For details contact: Dr. Donald Albright, Dean of Students.
Hall, University of California,
Davis, or by telephoning (916)
752-3604. Students planning to
attend the all-day session may
make arrangements for a free
lunch by calling the law school
directly.
AN OFFICIAL
San Diego State College Tour
Arr a ngements by F o re ign Stud y Le a gu e
EUROPE
1
IN 70
Open to Students,
Faculty, Alumni,
and Interested
Adults.
Optional 6 units of
Extension cre dit
available .
World Air Linea
FROM
LOS ANGELES
June 29 - August 7
FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AND BROCHURE, WRITE OR CALL:
Fresno Representative: DR. R. A . CARR
Department of Finance and Industry, Fresno State Coll e ge
Fresno, California 93726
439-6764
in
-
Auditing
Bank Examining
Correctional and Vocational
Rehabilitation
Economic and Social
Research
Food and Drug
Regulation
General and Narcotic
Investigation
Insurance
Property Acquisition and
Management
Scientific Programming
Social Work
Transportation
Regulation
The State of California has an
ANNOUNCEMENT
6 WEEKS ALL-EXPENSE TOUR
ROME, PARIS, AMSTERDAM, LONDON
plus 3 weeks residence at Strasbourg
CAREERS FOR
COLLEGE GRADUATES
for you at your placement office.
ASK FOR YOUR COPY OF THE
SEE BROCHURE TODAY.
FILE APPLICATION BEFORE
FEBRUARY 20, 1970.
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is selling
1969 fully equipped, low mil ea g e
FORDS - MUSTANGS
IMPALAS - COUGARS
C all John Garland
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lwANT ADS
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
carpeted, a/cond. $150 for 2,
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For Sale-Sony TC355 Tape Deck
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Female rmmate needed, share 3
Bdrm w/2 girls. $50. 299-3560
'67 MGB Conv. White - Excellent
Condit ion. 291-3268
Expert typing - Thesis, papers,
dissertations. 224-5396.
Sell '57 TR3 w/OD also xtra
chasis and rear end, etc. / '57
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La Raza Studies Program is
the Chicano component of the Ethn!c Studies Program at Fresno
State College. Administration of
the program is vested in the La
Raza Chairman with the assistance of the staff and student
assistants from MECHA.
All policy decisions are made
at staff meetings, open to students, and try to refiect a concensus of opinion among those
involved in the program.
philosophy
of the program
The philosophy of·LaRazaStudies Program is the philosophy
of La Raza, Throughout Latin
America, October 12 is celebrated, not as Columbus Day
but as El Dia de La Raza, That
celebration places emphasis, not
on the •discovery• of the continent by the European, but on
emergence of La Raza as the
blending of the indigenous population with the European conqueror and other non-Europeans.
It is what Jorge Lara-Braud
calls •a new family of man•,
and Jose Vasconcelos calls La
Raza Cosmica: the vanguard of
what would eventually become a
universal mestizo race, the human race.
Indio-Hispanic people,
throughout the Southwest, bridge
all provincialism, class determinants , and political differences
by saying •todos somos Raza,
(we are all Ra za)". As a culture concept, La Ra za has always stressed the regenerative
concepts of human solidarity and
inclusivlsm, as opposed to ethnocentrism and exclusivism.
Within the last few years , the
expression "Viva La Ra za" has
become the motto and rallying cry
for those involved in the movement for decoloni zation a nd selfdetermination in the Southwest.
It has heen among the most
oppressed, the poorest in body
and resources, the most disenfranchised , the most alienated ,
and the most in visible, that the
cry "Viva La Raza" has been
heard the loudest.
It ls in the cry for Justice
of the farm worker, the demand
for the return of his land or
the old pueblo resident , the quiet
, resolve of the young Chica na , and
the clenched fist of the young
Chicano - in and out of school,
In and out of prison - ready
to fi ght for a futur e he wants
to build himself, that La Ra za
moves on.
Chlcanismo and Carnalismo
are but expressions of the search
for the ways and means for the
emergence of El Hombre Nuevo,
La Raza Nueva, and a New Social Order. The meaning of bilignualism and biculturalism for
communities in which La Raza
and Anglo-Saxons "co-exist• is
but an invitation to enter into
an experiment as to whether ethnic pluralism without cultural
genocide is possible, or whether
total separatism is the only way
for La Raza to move into the
future.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the La Raza
Studies Program may be expressed using either the institution or the students as a point
of reference.
From the point of view of the
student, La Ra za Studies is an
attempt at making Higher Education relevant to the Chicano.
This means that education must
aim at the development of the
human resources of Chicano students on the basis of their needs.
Chicano students need practical, analytical, and expressive
skills that will allow them to
assess, project and implement
programs for the development of
the forces for change already in
effect in the community: decolonization and self-determinization.
The meaning of decolonization
is the process of development by
which the student is made able
to define himself in terms of
his ethnic background and redefine his future in terms of the
ind! vidual and collect! ve needs of
the community.
Self-determination is the ability of the student and the community to plan and to program
for the implementation of the
solutions they see to the problems that besiege the Chicano
students and the Chicano community.
Whatever academic or professional field the Chicano student
might go into, if he does not
have the tools for self-deterhave the tools for self-definition and self-determination he
will remain dependent psychologically, if not economically, on
the multiple manipulative traps
of an equal and unjust system.
In order to accomplish liberation in the educational arena, that
is, to free the student from this
dependent role, we must strive
for fundamental changes in the
structure and contents of Higher
Education in relation to the Chicano student and community.
Colleges and universities have
defined their role - traditionally - in three sepa rate and
functional components: teaching,
research, and service. Chicanos
have been excluded from higher
education, not only in terms of
numbers but also in terms of
the perfor mance of those i nstitutions in relation to the Chicano community.
Colleges and universities have
performed their traditional roles
in relation to industry, business,
agriculture, government, the military,
law enforcement, and
other sectors of the society, but
have failed to do so in relation
to the Chicano - and other minority - community.
The La Raza Studies Program
presents in its program a model
of what Higher Education can do
to begin developing a viable
teaching role in relation to the
Chicano.
TIIE PROGRAM
La Raza Studies entered its
first full academic year in the
Fall of 19 69. The program had
two stated purposes:
(a) To develop courses for
Chicanos. that fulfill the General
Education requirements while
making the qcquisition of academic skills compatlble with the
life style of the Chicano student
and relevant to his expectations.
(b) To develop courses for
Chicanos as well as for nonChicanos that promote in academic and professional areas the
awareness . knowledge, and sensitivity to the historical and cultural factors that make of Chicanos a unique ethnic group in
the United States.
The program has been, and
continues to be, in the stages of
development. The Ra za staff has
made efforts to design courses
and programs to meet Chicano's
needs.
General
education
courses have been developed;
proposals for an undergraduate
minor and a Master's Degree
Program in La Raza Studies have
been written and submitted soon.
REGl"ONA
(San Joaquin Valley from Bakersfield to Stanislaus)
n
0
California
z
Council of Chicanos .,,
For all High School, Junior College, and College
Students and Teachers
•
Higher Education
WORKSHOPS
on recruitment, fundin g of Chicano ed ucational programs , s tudent organi zations , developing Chicano
Studies Programs and Curriculu m, community and
s chool relations , supportlve service programs , etc.
FEB. 28, 1970
for more inform ation , call La Raza Studies , 487- 1286
$200 ADULTS
Under 12 years 1.75
SPECIALS
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as taught by
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FSC Ind. Arts 101
BELL BOTTOM
TROUSERS
GLASSES
TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION
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Fresno
Introductory Lecture
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195
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WAR SURPLUS DEPO
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. OPEN SUNDAYS
By Ruben Perez
Political prisoner. This term
is one which, in this day and age
ls readily grasped by almost ev~
eryone. What we here in the
United States have much difficulty grasping is the concept and
the reality of its implications.
Traditionally and historically the
term relates to and is associated
with treason, prisoners of war
_ or persons who become prisoner~
as a result of over-throwing a
particular pOlitical party.
For this reason, when one begins to talk and expand the term
and concept to encompass and be
applicable to the brothers and
sisters in prison, often one gets
either an apathetic or incredulous
reaction.
The posltlon of the government
ot this country ls very clear on
this matter: there are no political crimes or prisoners.
Where the government leaves
off, we begin: Third World colonized people of this country that
are in prisons are politicalprisoners.
Prisoners and prisons become
political since they are tools of
politicians and the ruling class.
"Crimes• committed by an oppressed people symbolize and express the attempt to tear off the
bonds of oppression. People are
not born "criminals•, no more
than one ls born educated,
By seriously examining and
exploring the political- judicial
penal system of this country, the
reality of its vicious and criminal
posture is revealed. From the
informer, to the pig, the warden,
and gov e r no r , the so-called
"criminal" is a victim of a racist, materialistic system thatt
recognizes the rebellious spirit
and immediately sets its machinery in motion to dampen and contain, sometimes kill, the person
who will not submit.
To those who find and confront
the system head on, the branding
and systematic degradation of being • mentally ill", •criminal•, or
both, begins. Contrary to popular
~lief, and the in-Vogue psycho-
alytical theory' oppressed people do not com mi t offenses
against the state because mother
sisn•t breast feed them. They are
committed because the Mother
Country does not feed nor meet
the needs of the working and exploited people.
The inablllty to relate to the
needs of the people is an integral
and basic philosophy of the u s
Capitalist Government. Ofnec~s~
Slty lt must do this in order to
keep the self-perpetrating, exploitive, and divisive class struggle in motion and working.
Looking at the judicial-penal
system from the perspective of
people responding to their needs
<th at is, people committing offenses in response, or reaction,
to certain basic needs) it ls within our grasp to begin to see that
people in prison are in effect
victims to the cruelest manifestation of an oppressive-suppressive system. We began by trying
to deal with the concept of political prisoners; those brothers and
siSters who by virtue of their
acts have committed an act that
by the system's definition ls a
political "crime". The concept
of non-politicized political prisoners is one much more elaborate
and complex. By even accepting
such an idea, we enter the vast
arena of so-called •rehabilitative• programs that conceivably
are set up to help people gone
astray; to go "straight•. It is by
entering this arena and by exploring its basic tenets and philosophy
that we encounter the mentality
instilled by the ruling class to
their puppet-governmental figureheads. This mentality assumes without question the position that the persons coming into
a police station are either• sick"
or •criminal•, or both.
From the police (who are the
occupying political army of the
ruling class), to the courts, to
the prisons, to the adult authority
and its parole system, to the
whole machinery of its mental
health correctional department,
LAVOZD~
LAN
it Is a vast undertaking (by the
system) that has the audacity and
the nerve to call ltself•rehabllltatlve• and concerned about the
•crime• in this country.
It never has been, nor will it
ever be, an effective •rehabilitative" system. Failure is inherent because Its whole ap-,
proach ls geared to Instill the
same vicious competitive values
that the person rejected In the
first place. Had the person, at
least half-heartedly, embraced
and accepted these values, he or
she wouldn't be In prison or jail.
It Is from the above point of
view that we find in prisons
throughout this country thousands
upon thousands of brothers and
sisters having committed offensesthat have a very defln1te political Implication: a drug addict,
a burglar, a rapist, a murderer;
who is a human being with all
the attributes of being sensitive
and aware of the inconsistencies
and hypocrisies of the community and country into which he is
born.
This, in a general sense, typifies the non-politicized political
prisoner. It is this person that
we, the Movement, need most
desperately to reach with our
message. We must relate and
convey to our sisters and brothers that the! r rebellious acts
were not negative and •criminal•. Their acts were positive
attitudes that have tried to deal
in an ind! vi dualistic negative way
with an oppressive criminal system. The message must be: join
the Movement and in a collective
brotherly, constructive and ere~
au ve way attack and change the
system!
UNIDOS VENCEREMOS!
• • • con todo caril'io
Querida Raza:
I am very happy about the fact
that we were all able to study
last night our materials onCapitalism. I am also very happy that
all of us had three full meals
and that we were able to give our
girls a ride in our new cars.
Above all, however, I am glad
and joyous that we will be receiving a degree soon so that
we "CAN HELP LA RAZA",
I am very thankful to all the
people who have helped me receive my DEGREES, which in
return have helped me become a
TRUE CAPITALIST. lam, however , very disappointed with all
these people that helped me, because they did not teach me about
LOVE. l only know how to love
myself. l am ashamed I can't
love my RAZA. l love all of you
"college students• but my mind
keeps telling me that you are not
my RAZA. Or, maybe it's that I
see you don't know how to love
either. Don't get mad! l could be
absolutely wrong.
l have told you to HATE this
CAPlT ALISTlC
OPPRESSIVE
nation and you' told me that hate
was evil. I had two years to think
about what you told me. And you
know what? You were right! The
Problem then is that I can't convince myself that we are capable
of loving. But, I could be wrongfor you tell me that eventually
YOU and I will be able •to help
our Raza•.
Yot• must understand, MY
RAZA 1s being killed everyday,
everyday. None of them come to
college, None of them have three
meals a day. None of them are
on Work-Study. None of them say
they are going to help LA RAZA
tomorrow. None of them take LA
RAZA STUDIES classes because
they want to learn the! r culture
or because It is more comfortable than other classes.
At Fresno State College, l
could love Roberto Rubalcava,
who got canned a month ago. l
could love Katherine Panas, who
was refused a job because •it was
not in the best interest of the
college•. I could love Adan Juarez, who won't have a job after
June, 1970. And even those members of the staff who won't have
a job after June, 1970.
LA RAZA I could love are your
parents and relatives that are
still starving in the fields. The
parents who are on the welfare
lines. Your brothers and cousins
who get picked up by the cops,
and then brutally beaten up. All
of those dropouts who were driven out by the system you hope to
replace. All the addicts who needed our hand. And all of those
children who die before they can
take a breath of air.
Oh , I guess there are a lot of
people I could love but l guess
that we are busy preparing ourselves to love our RAZA romorrow. Yet, I could be wrong. Maybe you already love LA RAZA.
It's only that I am confused. l
am not sure of ourselves. I am
not sure of anything anymore. I
feel we are all a bunch of smalltime Capitalists. But like I said,
I could be wrong; so please help
me and set me straight. Show me
that you love MY RAZA. But
most Important, show me how you
can do it - so that I too can
love LA RAZA de BRONCE.
Un abrazo amaroso
Guillermo Martinez
FRESNO STATE COLLEGE , FRESNO , CALIFORNIA
Daily
Collegian
LXXV /79
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1970
Three Years at Fresno State
Over the last three years a significant trend had been developing
at Fresno State College. Due to
the efforts of concerned faculty,
administrators and students, the
Mexican popu!atlon at the only
State College in the Central Valley had begun to Increase so that
at least it seemed that this traditionally excluded portion of the
population was going to take its
rightful place at all levels of
college life. A quick survey of
the facts bear out this optomistlc and hopeful statement.
Fall 1967 saw the beginning
of Proiect 17, the precursor of
the current Educational Opportunity Program. The MexicanAmerican Student Association
had just come Into existence and
begun its works of encouraging
students to continue their eduThere were 190 Mexican-American students on campus out of a total student body
of 9,000. On hand to work with
and help these 190 students were
one full-time Mexican instructor
and twenty-five Mexican support staff members. Nineteen of
the 638 students receiving financial assistance at FSC were
Mexican-Americans.
From these small but positlve
received direct state funding for
steps there developed in 1968 the first time in California history.
a longer, better organized Educational Opportunity Program
This era of progress has sudunder the directorship of Kadenly ended, The present adtherine Panas. The students of ministration has begun a series
the Mexican-American Student of systematic moves against the
Confederation and concerned Mixicans on the Fresno State
members of the faculty, admi- College Campus. The nominanistration and support staff saw tion of Katherine Panas, spethe number of Mexican-Ameri- cialist in billngual education, was
can students on campus rise to rejected. Roberto Rubalcava who
517 out of the total ll,000 stu- spearheaded and directed student
dents on campus.
efforts in Sacramento and can
1969 seemed like the beginning thereby talce the lion's share
of a new era. Mexican-Ameri- of credit of increased EOP has
can student enrollment was up been terminated, The latest proto 759 students out of the 13,000 nouncement of the administr:uion
members of the student body. Is a return to •normal• adthe
The one-man Estudlos de La missions procedures
Raza program had developed in- procedures of the pre-1967 days
to a six-member population to when there were less than two
to a six-member team working hundred Mexican-American stufor the students thereby help- dents on campus and one fulling Increase the college-wide time faculty member,
Mexican faculty population to seThe present administration has
ven full time and ten part time declared war on the Mexicanfaculty members. Thirty-nine American students on campus
Mexican support staff helped at FSC. It wlll not rest until
meet the needs of the students. lt has driven us from the campus.
Largely due to the initial efforts
of the students of Movimeinto
Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan
a significantly expanded E op
ESTUDIOS DE LA RAZA
F.S.C. 197 4
By Robert Cowden ·
I looked forward to visitJng
the campus four years after my
graduation and to seeing the
changes that had occurred, As
I came into the free speech area,
I saw an astonishing thing. A
sedan chair, carried by !our
students, was moving toward me.
There were two Blacks in front,
two Browns behind, and a lone
Indian alongside wavin~ a large
fan.
The chair stopped on command,
and I recognized Dr. Karl Falk
resting against two large pillows. When I asked him about
his peculiar mode of travel, he
patiently explained that it was
comfortable and that the most
important thing on any college
campus was that its president
be comfortable.
He rapped his highly polished
boot sharply with his swagger
stick, and the chair moved on.
As I walked into the grove of
trees by the Library! was pleased
to see that the custom of teaching outside during the summer
was still being observed. It
was another old friend, Dr. James
Fikes. His class sat before him
in precise rows and shouted back
in unison the phrases he read to
them: • America, love it or leave
it; support your local police;
when guns are outlawed, only
outlaws will have guns ; none dare
call it treason ; get a haircut;
and impeach the Supreme Court."
Stopping to talk, I told him I
had heard rumors that students
were being brainwashed. Dr.
Fikes' eyes went hard and the
hair stood up on the back of his
neck. "Horseshit! That's adamn
lie!• he said. I stepped back, to
avoid the necks of foam and
moved along since I could no
longer understand what he was
saying. Soon I could hear his
students chanting, •I'm proud to
be an Okie from Muskogee.•
The next person I saw was Mr.
Phillip Walker, who was standing before the fountain making
strange noises.
I asked if I
could speak to him.
He inclined his head toward the sun
and reflected for a moment. I
waited as he spat several pebbles
from his mouth.
"Yeth, • he said, then spat out
one more pebble. •r love to
talk.•
•How are things going here
at FSC?• I asked.
"Fine, last week-end we burned
Baker Hall and hanged three students,• he said.
I couldn't believe my ears.
"But Why?• l asked,
•r can't tell you that,• he said.
"We moved on the basis of some
confidential information l received.
But I can tell you it
was in the best interests of the
college.• he said.
"But isn't that unjust?" I asked.
Walker chuckled. ".Justice is
Swope_
a matter of opinion. If you had
read Plato's Republic, you would
have known that.•
I thought 1 had better get off
campus as quickly as possible,
but Dr. Falk's chair blocked my
way. I became angry.
•Haven't you ever heard of
the Golden Rule?" I shouted.
~ Arte de los Barrios
Over 100 paintings by Chicano
artists from all over Aztlan have
come together here in Fresno.
Currently on exhibition at 1447
Van Ness, the art show is the
best to ever hit Fresno and It ls
free. Hosted by the Teatro C:rmpesino whose di rector. Raza Staff
member Luis Valdez, was responsible for getting the show together in Fresno, it is open to
the public weekdays from 1 to 6
p.m. and on weekends from 1 to
8 p.m.
A representative selection of
some 10 to 15 works have been
brought over to go on display here
at the Fresno State College I 1brary as of Tuesday, February
17. But the bulk of the show over 90 paintings - stlll remains
at the Teatro's rehearsal hall on
Van Ness between Olive and
McKinley.
The broad scope of the show
guarantees all who view a deep
experience - el alma de la Raza
unida. The unbelievable range
from the meticulous and honest
reproductions of Aztec glyphs of
Sonia Nevel (#73) to the Funk art
and the Chicano psyched e 11 c
drawings of Slaff member Ernesto Palomino. No more penetrating
Insight and true Chicano perspective ls possible than the "Brown
Bride• os Esteban Villa (#20),
a bride - race mutilated in marriage - with a new white dress
on holding in her hands, perhaps
the future - a bouquet of Jewels,
or the powerful social realism of
Andres Zermeno depicting the
plight of the campesino (#26), the
burning sun on the farmworker's
back, and coming down on him
the ogre of mechanization - neanderthal-like with ham mer in
hand. Zermeno's canvases . are
complemented by our own Chicana student Gloria Osuna's
•ttUELGA" (#106), another piece
o! poignant and biting social com-
I
s ring anywher
I
I
'
r money will b
I • I
price ,s ow, the value terrific. And they lock! They're
together forever .. . never twist
or turn on her finger.
mentary. Or for those with a more
universal spirit, the purity and
simple lines of Francisco Hermande z (#lD and #50), the meticulous crartmanship of Mario
Montenegro 's count r ~- scenes
(#68 and #R 1). or the heroic works
of ,Jose Romero (#3 and 1184).
No amount of ink can do justice
to this show and no words can
transmit the spiritual quality of
the experiences aw a i ting the
viewer at 1447 Van Ness - and
all for FREE!
On weekends an added featurea color film based on Rudolfo
Gonzales' epic poem •Yo Soy
Joaquin" is show - also free.
The film is the artistic creation
of Luis Valdez and his theatre
group - El Teatro Campesino,
all of which go to make Fresno
la capital cultural de. Aztlan.
So all you carnales - get a
carnala and trip on down to the
•Centro• and catch the 1st Annual
• Arte de los Barrios,• porque
'sta "de aquellas. •
EASY BUDGET TERMS
· Student charges Welcome - No Co•signer Necessary .
Special Semester Terms for Students
. .
FRESNO'S LARGEST JEWELERS
.
DOWNTOWN
1107· FULTON MALL
237-2101
Open fri. Hites 'Til 9
I
MANCHESTER
3540 Blackstone
229-8511
Ooen Man. & Fri. Nites 'Tit 9
Condits
f92to
cause dissent. This would cause
a reactionary takeover by the
conservatives and we don't want
that to happen. We want to preserve academic freedom!• he
said.
Convinced by this brilliant logic , I left the old campus with my
mind at ease.
JU.r "LA RAZA"
"Your Closest Florist"
Pay 3.00 week!
•The Golden Rule, like consultative procedures, is legally
non-existent,• he replied.
•But, you've turned this campus into a concentration camp,"
I said.
"Yes, it's regrettable but we
had to do it,• he said. •otherwise, radicals and liberals would
FLOWERS & GIFTS
Finest Corsages & Floral Make-tip
Cedar & Shields Ph . 227-3564
by William Bogan
In an Impressive workofliterary journalism, "La Raza: The
Mexican Americans,• Stan Steiner reports from the depths o!
this community, South Texas to
Delano. Ile talked with farm
workers, members of political
action groups in East Los Angeles; he reports on cultural and
"brown power• stirrings in a
do zen centers most of us have
never heard about. We talked
this in -depth reportage
yesterday. It's a wonderful book,
and should have a far larger audience than it probably will get.
Steiner is the itinerant• Anglo•
scholar who lived with various
Indian tribes over some years
and wrote of an emerging "red
power• in his book "The New
Indians• 0968). He does much
the same for the California and
Southwestern "chicano" here.
It is not the anthropological
study that Oscar Lewis presented in "The Children of Sanchez.~ Rather. it is a broad investigation of a community and a
culture of poverty that has been
ignored by most North Americans. Steiner attempts to record
both the history and new selfawareness of this minority by
letting them speak for themselves. He comes up with, in his
words, "the truth as it exists in
their hearts and minds.• Whether
it is our truth, he adds, •is not
important.•
Although identifying with the
new black self-awareness, the
Mexican Americans are a special
breed. "La Raza,• or "the holy
race,• is an ancient concept which
can be traced back to the Aztecs.
•••••
,1;,
~w:®
"Like the Hebrews in Egypt,•
one explained, "we are just now
becoming free of our bondage.•
They are of all hues, some
black, others with blue eyes and
blond hair, like surfers. So
"brown power" is not a black
power sort of thing, even though,
as another put it, "we are in the
same condition.•
The history of "La Raza• exists
outside textbooks. !or textbooks
merely "institutionalize• what is
remembered. Steiner traces this
history through the words and
emotions of real people.
*
**
Although the new self-awareness is very strong in the Mexican American community, members of it feel time is on their
side. "We are in no hurry,• one
is quoted. "We are clean of national crimes. We have never
been a nation; we have not stolen
the lands of anybody. Time is
running out for the United States,
for Russia, England, for the old
powers. But not for us • . ••
This is a fascinating collective
portrait of a particularly interesting and tragically overlooked
minority now on the move, andof
a new, vigorous culture emerging
within it. including the new chicano press which flourishes (underground. for the most part)
between Houston and San Jose.
"La Raza• is being heard, and
Steiner's "La Raza" helps the
i::est of us understand what is
going on. Read it (Harper &
Row; $'l.95).
-San Francisco Chronicle
J1"' ...... E U.P .......1HEN BLACK
..... AND 1-A 'R.R2A
sr UD\E5.
SO WHAT
EL VENDIOO
(the rock)
another Chicano has died in vietnam
so what !
he was one of many who walked hand in hand
so what !
he was drafted into the united states army
l eavi ng a wi fe and chi ld behind
so what!
they say he di ed for his countr y
what country ?
t hat he died thinking of a beauti ful amer ica
not his wife?
chi ld?
vatos ?
j efe?
jefa?
NO'
he d ied for democracy wh ere a man has
"TH E FREE DOM TO LI VE•
YEA !
he was marr ied and had a child and was reall y
l ovi ng life but he was tak en away from his
loved ones by hi s beauti fu l
CHI ANO LOVING AM ERI A
for what
to be kill ed
but that' s al ri gflt because ther e are many
joc castillos
and t her e may not be a tear for j oe
but I i st en man
becau se you may he nex t
SO WHAT
Reis T ije rina was born one day
In th e rac ist land down Texas way.
His fam il y was poor, had little money
But were ri ch in pride as anyone can be.
un vendido is much like a rock
I ike the rock which does not soak water
el vendido does not accept the truth
but in time dirt will collect on it
it w i ll soak water and it shall begin to crack
a seed wi 11 fal I in the crack
out of which a tree will grow
and in much time the boulder shall disappear
this is process which takes many years
the same as the vendido
but we don't have that much time
because before too many tomorrom
we shal I disappear
Manuel Jimenez
c/ s
HELP STAMP OUT BUGS!
Dynamic Contra Costa
County is anxiously looking
for an intel I igent individual
for Agricultural Inspector
Trainee. Sorry, the pay is
only $584 per month and the
job I im ited to one year.
But during that time, if you
obtain one of the major
state certificates in Agri-·
culture Inspection, it's on
to Agriculture Inspector I
($660-801). We'll even try
to help you I earn. Qua Iif ications are: California
Driver's License and a
Bachelor's degree ••• Yup,
easy requirements.
For
more information, write:
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
Civil Service, P .o. Box710,
Martinez, Cali f~rnia 94553.
manuel jim enez
Th eir pride was apparent to the gringo pigs,
Pri de and hones ty th ey just didn't dig.
They beat up his kin, and shot up his dad.
But it only succeeded in making him mad.
C Is
Reis saw his people i n chains
And he knew it was th e gringo who was to blame.
Re is stood up loud and did he shout
"Just wait till we'r e strong to drive you all out."
Reis organized his people well,
An d I oud did he r ing th e freedom bel I.
He shouted fo r ju sti ce for his brown race,
But was heard onl y by stars in space.
here i am in my class
j ust sitting on my big fat as s
al I around me "gavacllos" sitting
at al I of tll em i fe el I ike spitting
m
He tried to do it th e legal way
But no one Ii stened unt i I that day
Wh en he got ti red and he did say
" We are going to make the gringos pay!"
V,
but that's al I right carnal es
because to them i tel I them cha I e
A cr y ar ose from the gringo castle
Who is t his gr easer who causes this hassle?
allow our leader to fall
we are worse than a snake that crawls.
cannot fi nd a peaceful solution
there is onl y one way left - Revolution!
Minority
Recruitment
Minori ty studen~s currently
enrolled in California Universities and colleges are invited to
attend an all-day minority recruitm ent Open House at the
Univers ity of California, Davis,
School of Law, February 21.
The purpose of the Open House
is to acquaint minority students
with the importance of a legal
education.
Dean Edward L. Barret Jr.
will start the program at 9 a.m.
in King Hall discussing the admission and financing of a legal education. Afterwards Professor Kellis E. Parker will
speak on the Martin Luther King
Program concerning the legal
problems of the disadvantaged.
A
panel discussion, •The
Problems of the Minority Community Are They Solvable
Through the Present Legal Structure?", will be headed by James
Chandler, third year law student.
Other participants are Dr. Ralph
Kennedy, director of the Black
Research and Service Program
at UCD ; Attorney Ralph Abascal,
California Rural Legal Assistance; Victor Falacios, first year
Ch:, ano student; and Brian Tom,
third year Asian-American student.
the teacher looks at th e clothes i wear
and even the way i comb my hair
staring at my combat boots
are those ugly sopllisti cated brutes
On June fift h of si xt y-seven
El Rey Tigre and hi s immortal eleven
Attacked Tie rra Amarailla, a tiny village
To fr ee his men, not to kill or pillage.
If we
Then
If we
Th en
they look at me as if i am • cochino"
hut i know •que soy vato fino"
cause i know that me and my hermanos
are proud to be chicanos
IS A COLLEGE THAT DOES MORE THAN BROADEN
HORIZONS.
IT SAILS TO THEM AND BEYOND.
Learn about it from James McRevnolds; representing
Chapman Col I ege, Orange, California.
On campus
Wednesday, February 25, 1970 ·
9:00 am to 2: 00 pm. Student Center, Room 310
Meno
c/ s
Henry Ramsey, Bay Area attorney, is scheduled guest speaker on the program.
Students interested in attending the Open House may write
to Open House, c/o Minority
Recruitment, School of Law. Kine:
SEE
WORLD CAMPUS AFLOAT
For details contact: Dr. Donald Albright, Dean of Students.
Hall, University of California,
Davis, or by telephoning (916)
752-3604. Students planning to
attend the all-day session may
make arrangements for a free
lunch by calling the law school
directly.
AN OFFICIAL
San Diego State College Tour
Arr a ngements by F o re ign Stud y Le a gu e
EUROPE
1
IN 70
Open to Students,
Faculty, Alumni,
and Interested
Adults.
Optional 6 units of
Extension cre dit
available .
World Air Linea
FROM
LOS ANGELES
June 29 - August 7
FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AND BROCHURE, WRITE OR CALL:
Fresno Representative: DR. R. A . CARR
Department of Finance and Industry, Fresno State Coll e ge
Fresno, California 93726
439-6764
in
-
Auditing
Bank Examining
Correctional and Vocational
Rehabilitation
Economic and Social
Research
Food and Drug
Regulation
General and Narcotic
Investigation
Insurance
Property Acquisition and
Management
Scientific Programming
Social Work
Transportation
Regulation
The State of California has an
ANNOUNCEMENT
6 WEEKS ALL-EXPENSE TOUR
ROME, PARIS, AMSTERDAM, LONDON
plus 3 weeks residence at Strasbourg
CAREERS FOR
COLLEGE GRADUATES
for you at your placement office.
ASK FOR YOUR COPY OF THE
SEE BROCHURE TODAY.
FILE APPLICATION BEFORE
FEBRUARY 20, 1970.
>-·
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:c
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is selling
1969 fully equipped, low mil ea g e
FORDS - MUSTANGS
IMPALAS - COUGARS
C all John Garland
2 33-4 244
lwANT ADS
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
carpeted, a/cond. $150 for 2,
share w /3 others $45. 439-6481
For Sale-Sony TC355 Tape Deck
$225. Phone 224-4941
Female rmmate needed, share 3
Bdrm w/2 girls. $50. 299-3560
'67 MGB Conv. White - Excellent
Condit ion. 291-3268
Expert typing - Thesis, papers,
dissertations. 224-5396.
Sell '57 TR3 w/OD also xtra
chasis and rear end, etc. / '57
VW Ies s eng. $80, 229-1269
La Raza Studies Program is
the Chicano component of the Ethn!c Studies Program at Fresno
State College. Administration of
the program is vested in the La
Raza Chairman with the assistance of the staff and student
assistants from MECHA.
All policy decisions are made
at staff meetings, open to students, and try to refiect a concensus of opinion among those
involved in the program.
philosophy
of the program
The philosophy of·LaRazaStudies Program is the philosophy
of La Raza, Throughout Latin
America, October 12 is celebrated, not as Columbus Day
but as El Dia de La Raza, That
celebration places emphasis, not
on the •discovery• of the continent by the European, but on
emergence of La Raza as the
blending of the indigenous population with the European conqueror and other non-Europeans.
It is what Jorge Lara-Braud
calls •a new family of man•,
and Jose Vasconcelos calls La
Raza Cosmica: the vanguard of
what would eventually become a
universal mestizo race, the human race.
Indio-Hispanic people,
throughout the Southwest, bridge
all provincialism, class determinants , and political differences
by saying •todos somos Raza,
(we are all Ra za)". As a culture concept, La Ra za has always stressed the regenerative
concepts of human solidarity and
inclusivlsm, as opposed to ethnocentrism and exclusivism.
Within the last few years , the
expression "Viva La Ra za" has
become the motto and rallying cry
for those involved in the movement for decoloni zation a nd selfdetermination in the Southwest.
It has heen among the most
oppressed, the poorest in body
and resources, the most disenfranchised , the most alienated ,
and the most in visible, that the
cry "Viva La Raza" has been
heard the loudest.
It ls in the cry for Justice
of the farm worker, the demand
for the return of his land or
the old pueblo resident , the quiet
, resolve of the young Chica na , and
the clenched fist of the young
Chicano - in and out of school,
In and out of prison - ready
to fi ght for a futur e he wants
to build himself, that La Ra za
moves on.
Chlcanismo and Carnalismo
are but expressions of the search
for the ways and means for the
emergence of El Hombre Nuevo,
La Raza Nueva, and a New Social Order. The meaning of bilignualism and biculturalism for
communities in which La Raza
and Anglo-Saxons "co-exist• is
but an invitation to enter into
an experiment as to whether ethnic pluralism without cultural
genocide is possible, or whether
total separatism is the only way
for La Raza to move into the
future.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the La Raza
Studies Program may be expressed using either the institution or the students as a point
of reference.
From the point of view of the
student, La Ra za Studies is an
attempt at making Higher Education relevant to the Chicano.
This means that education must
aim at the development of the
human resources of Chicano students on the basis of their needs.
Chicano students need practical, analytical, and expressive
skills that will allow them to
assess, project and implement
programs for the development of
the forces for change already in
effect in the community: decolonization and self-determinization.
The meaning of decolonization
is the process of development by
which the student is made able
to define himself in terms of
his ethnic background and redefine his future in terms of the
ind! vidual and collect! ve needs of
the community.
Self-determination is the ability of the student and the community to plan and to program
for the implementation of the
solutions they see to the problems that besiege the Chicano
students and the Chicano community.
Whatever academic or professional field the Chicano student
might go into, if he does not
have the tools for self-deterhave the tools for self-definition and self-determination he
will remain dependent psychologically, if not economically, on
the multiple manipulative traps
of an equal and unjust system.
In order to accomplish liberation in the educational arena, that
is, to free the student from this
dependent role, we must strive
for fundamental changes in the
structure and contents of Higher
Education in relation to the Chicano student and community.
Colleges and universities have
defined their role - traditionally - in three sepa rate and
functional components: teaching,
research, and service. Chicanos
have been excluded from higher
education, not only in terms of
numbers but also in terms of
the perfor mance of those i nstitutions in relation to the Chicano community.
Colleges and universities have
performed their traditional roles
in relation to industry, business,
agriculture, government, the military,
law enforcement, and
other sectors of the society, but
have failed to do so in relation
to the Chicano - and other minority - community.
The La Raza Studies Program
presents in its program a model
of what Higher Education can do
to begin developing a viable
teaching role in relation to the
Chicano.
TIIE PROGRAM
La Raza Studies entered its
first full academic year in the
Fall of 19 69. The program had
two stated purposes:
(a) To develop courses for
Chicanos. that fulfill the General
Education requirements while
making the qcquisition of academic skills compatlble with the
life style of the Chicano student
and relevant to his expectations.
(b) To develop courses for
Chicanos as well as for nonChicanos that promote in academic and professional areas the
awareness . knowledge, and sensitivity to the historical and cultural factors that make of Chicanos a unique ethnic group in
the United States.
The program has been, and
continues to be, in the stages of
development. The Ra za staff has
made efforts to design courses
and programs to meet Chicano's
needs.
General
education
courses have been developed;
proposals for an undergraduate
minor and a Master's Degree
Program in La Raza Studies have
been written and submitted soon.
REGl"ONA
(San Joaquin Valley from Bakersfield to Stanislaus)
n
0
California
z
Council of Chicanos .,,
For all High School, Junior College, and College
Students and Teachers
•
Higher Education
WORKSHOPS
on recruitment, fundin g of Chicano ed ucational programs , s tudent organi zations , developing Chicano
Studies Programs and Curriculu m, community and
s chool relations , supportlve service programs , etc.
FEB. 28, 1970
for more inform ation , call La Raza Studies , 487- 1286
$200 ADULTS
Under 12 years 1.75
SPECIALS
9 5(
CANVAS BAG
for ca rry ing
BOOK S
OPEN 9am_ 6pm
WHITE, NAVY & STRI PES
MON - SAT
CAMPUS TOWN
BARBER SHOP
5065 N. CEDAR
onl y
349
AIR FORCE
SUN
229
up
NAVY
895
PEA COATS 1 & up
NAVY SHIRTS
ALL
as taught by
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
Fe b ru a ry 16 (M on d ay ) 8 PM
FSC Ind. Arts 101
BELL BOTTOM
TROUSERS
GLASSES
TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION
:)~:~
z
n
m
Fresno
Introductory Lecture
:,\,!!:
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rn
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1n
SIZES
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~=·=-
:~:::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::;:;:;:::::::::::::;:;:;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::~::::::::::::::~
195
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WAR SURPLUS DEPO
602· Broadway
237-3615
. OPEN SUNDAYS
Systematic Prisoner
By Ruben Perez
Political prisoner. This term
is one which, in this day and age
ls readily grasped by almost ev~
eryone. What we here in the
United States have much difficulty grasping is the concept and
the reality of its implications.
Traditionally and historically the
term relates to and is associated
with treason, prisoners of war
_ or persons who become prisoner~
as a result of over-throwing a
particular pOlitical party.
For this reason, when one begins to talk and expand the term
and concept to encompass and be
applicable to the brothers and
sisters in prison, often one gets
either an apathetic or incredulous
reaction.
The posltlon of the government
ot this country ls very clear on
this matter: there are no political crimes or prisoners.
Where the government leaves
off, we begin: Third World colonized people of this country that
are in prisons are politicalprisoners.
Prisoners and prisons become
political since they are tools of
politicians and the ruling class.
"Crimes• committed by an oppressed people symbolize and express the attempt to tear off the
bonds of oppression. People are
not born "criminals•, no more
than one ls born educated,
By seriously examining and
exploring the political- judicial
penal system of this country, the
reality of its vicious and criminal
posture is revealed. From the
informer, to the pig, the warden,
and gov e r no r , the so-called
"criminal" is a victim of a racist, materialistic system thatt
recognizes the rebellious spirit
and immediately sets its machinery in motion to dampen and contain, sometimes kill, the person
who will not submit.
To those who find and confront
the system head on, the branding
and systematic degradation of being • mentally ill", •criminal•, or
both, begins. Contrary to popular
~lief, and the in-Vogue psycho-
alytical theory' oppressed people do not com mi t offenses
against the state because mother
sisn•t breast feed them. They are
committed because the Mother
Country does not feed nor meet
the needs of the working and exploited people.
The inablllty to relate to the
needs of the people is an integral
and basic philosophy of the u s
Capitalist Government. Ofnec~s~
Slty lt must do this in order to
keep the self-perpetrating, exploitive, and divisive class struggle in motion and working.
Looking at the judicial-penal
system from the perspective of
people responding to their needs
<th at is, people committing offenses in response, or reaction,
to certain basic needs) it ls within our grasp to begin to see that
people in prison are in effect
victims to the cruelest manifestation of an oppressive-suppressive system. We began by trying
to deal with the concept of political prisoners; those brothers and
siSters who by virtue of their
acts have committed an act that
by the system's definition ls a
political "crime". The concept
of non-politicized political prisoners is one much more elaborate
and complex. By even accepting
such an idea, we enter the vast
arena of so-called •rehabilitative• programs that conceivably
are set up to help people gone
astray; to go "straight•. It is by
entering this arena and by exploring its basic tenets and philosophy
that we encounter the mentality
instilled by the ruling class to
their puppet-governmental figureheads. This mentality assumes without question the position that the persons coming into
a police station are either• sick"
or •criminal•, or both.
From the police (who are the
occupying political army of the
ruling class), to the courts, to
the prisons, to the adult authority
and its parole system, to the
whole machinery of its mental
health correctional department,
LAVOZD~
LAN
it Is a vast undertaking (by the
system) that has the audacity and
the nerve to call ltself•rehabllltatlve• and concerned about the
•crime• in this country.
It never has been, nor will it
ever be, an effective •rehabilitative" system. Failure is inherent because Its whole ap-,
proach ls geared to Instill the
same vicious competitive values
that the person rejected In the
first place. Had the person, at
least half-heartedly, embraced
and accepted these values, he or
she wouldn't be In prison or jail.
It Is from the above point of
view that we find in prisons
throughout this country thousands
upon thousands of brothers and
sisters having committed offensesthat have a very defln1te political Implication: a drug addict,
a burglar, a rapist, a murderer;
who is a human being with all
the attributes of being sensitive
and aware of the inconsistencies
and hypocrisies of the community and country into which he is
born.
This, in a general sense, typifies the non-politicized political
prisoner. It is this person that
we, the Movement, need most
desperately to reach with our
message. We must relate and
convey to our sisters and brothers that the! r rebellious acts
were not negative and •criminal•. Their acts were positive
attitudes that have tried to deal
in an ind! vi dualistic negative way
with an oppressive criminal system. The message must be: join
the Movement and in a collective
brotherly, constructive and ere~
au ve way attack and change the
system!
UNIDOS VENCEREMOS!
• • • con todo caril'io
Querida Raza:
I am very happy about the fact
that we were all able to study
last night our materials onCapitalism. I am also very happy that
all of us had three full meals
and that we were able to give our
girls a ride in our new cars.
Above all, however, I am glad
and joyous that we will be receiving a degree soon so that
we "CAN HELP LA RAZA",
I am very thankful to all the
people who have helped me receive my DEGREES, which in
return have helped me become a
TRUE CAPITALIST. lam, however , very disappointed with all
these people that helped me, because they did not teach me about
LOVE. l only know how to love
myself. l am ashamed I can't
love my RAZA. l love all of you
"college students• but my mind
keeps telling me that you are not
my RAZA. Or, maybe it's that I
see you don't know how to love
either. Don't get mad! l could be
absolutely wrong.
l have told you to HATE this
CAPlT ALISTlC
OPPRESSIVE
nation and you' told me that hate
was evil. I had two years to think
about what you told me. And you
know what? You were right! The
Problem then is that I can't convince myself that we are capable
of loving. But, I could be wrongfor you tell me that eventually
YOU and I will be able •to help
our Raza•.
Yot• must understand, MY
RAZA 1s being killed everyday,
everyday. None of them come to
college, None of them have three
meals a day. None of them are
on Work-Study. None of them say
they are going to help LA RAZA
tomorrow. None of them take LA
RAZA STUDIES classes because
they want to learn the! r culture
or because It is more comfortable than other classes.
At Fresno State College, l
could love Roberto Rubalcava,
who got canned a month ago. l
could love Katherine Panas, who
was refused a job because •it was
not in the best interest of the
college•. I could love Adan Juarez, who won't have a job after
June, 1970. And even those members of the staff who won't have
a job after June, 1970.
LA RAZA I could love are your
parents and relatives that are
still starving in the fields. The
parents who are on the welfare
lines. Your brothers and cousins
who get picked up by the cops,
and then brutally beaten up. All
of those dropouts who were driven out by the system you hope to
replace. All the addicts who needed our hand. And all of those
children who die before they can
take a breath of air.
Oh , I guess there are a lot of
people I could love but l guess
that we are busy preparing ourselves to love our RAZA romorrow. Yet, I could be wrong. Maybe you already love LA RAZA.
It's only that I am confused. l
am not sure of ourselves. I am
not sure of anything anymore. I
feel we are all a bunch of smalltime Capitalists. But like I said,
I could be wrong; so please help
me and set me straight. Show me
that you love MY RAZA. But
most Important, show me how you
can do it - so that I too can
love LA RAZA de BRONCE.
Un abrazo amaroso
Guillermo Martinez
FRESNO STATE COLLEGE , FRESNO , CALIFORNIA
Daily
Collegian
LXXV /79
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1970
Three Years at Fresno State
Over the last three years a significant trend had been developing
at Fresno State College. Due to
the efforts of concerned faculty,
administrators and students, the
Mexican popu!atlon at the only
State College in the Central Valley had begun to Increase so that
at least it seemed that this traditionally excluded portion of the
population was going to take its
rightful place at all levels of
college life. A quick survey of
the facts bear out this optomistlc and hopeful statement.
Fall 1967 saw the beginning
of Proiect 17, the precursor of
the current Educational Opportunity Program. The MexicanAmerican Student Association
had just come Into existence and
begun its works of encouraging
students to continue their eduThere were 190 Mexican-American students on campus out of a total student body
of 9,000. On hand to work with
and help these 190 students were
one full-time Mexican instructor
and twenty-five Mexican support staff members. Nineteen of
the 638 students receiving financial assistance at FSC were
Mexican-Americans.
From these small but positlve
received direct state funding for
steps there developed in 1968 the first time in California history.
a longer, better organized Educational Opportunity Program
This era of progress has sudunder the directorship of Kadenly ended, The present adtherine Panas. The students of ministration has begun a series
the Mexican-American Student of systematic moves against the
Confederation and concerned Mixicans on the Fresno State
members of the faculty, admi- College Campus. The nominanistration and support staff saw tion of Katherine Panas, spethe number of Mexican-Ameri- cialist in billngual education, was
can students on campus rise to rejected. Roberto Rubalcava who
517 out of the total ll,000 stu- spearheaded and directed student
dents on campus.
efforts in Sacramento and can
1969 seemed like the beginning thereby talce the lion's share
of a new era. Mexican-Ameri- of credit of increased EOP has
can student enrollment was up been terminated, The latest proto 759 students out of the 13,000 nouncement of the administr:uion
members of the student body. Is a return to •normal• adthe
The one-man Estudlos de La missions procedures
Raza program had developed in- procedures of the pre-1967 days
to a six-member population to when there were less than two
to a six-member team working hundred Mexican-American stufor the students thereby help- dents on campus and one fulling Increase the college-wide time faculty member,
Mexican faculty population to seThe present administration has
ven full time and ten part time declared war on the Mexicanfaculty members. Thirty-nine American students on campus
Mexican support staff helped at FSC. It wlll not rest until
meet the needs of the students. lt has driven us from the campus.
Largely due to the initial efforts
of the students of Movimeinto
Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan
a significantly expanded E op
ESTUDIOS DE LA RAZA
F.S.C. 197 4
By Robert Cowden ·
I looked forward to visitJng
the campus four years after my
graduation and to seeing the
changes that had occurred, As
I came into the free speech area,
I saw an astonishing thing. A
sedan chair, carried by !our
students, was moving toward me.
There were two Blacks in front,
two Browns behind, and a lone
Indian alongside wavin~ a large
fan.
The chair stopped on command,
and I recognized Dr. Karl Falk
resting against two large pillows. When I asked him about
his peculiar mode of travel, he
patiently explained that it was
comfortable and that the most
important thing on any college
campus was that its president
be comfortable.
He rapped his highly polished
boot sharply with his swagger
stick, and the chair moved on.
As I walked into the grove of
trees by the Library! was pleased
to see that the custom of teaching outside during the summer
was still being observed. It
was another old friend, Dr. James
Fikes. His class sat before him
in precise rows and shouted back
in unison the phrases he read to
them: • America, love it or leave
it; support your local police;
when guns are outlawed, only
outlaws will have guns ; none dare
call it treason ; get a haircut;
and impeach the Supreme Court."
Stopping to talk, I told him I
had heard rumors that students
were being brainwashed. Dr.
Fikes' eyes went hard and the
hair stood up on the back of his
neck. "Horseshit! That's adamn
lie!• he said. I stepped back, to
avoid the necks of foam and
moved along since I could no
longer understand what he was
saying. Soon I could hear his
students chanting, •I'm proud to
be an Okie from Muskogee.•
The next person I saw was Mr.
Phillip Walker, who was standing before the fountain making
strange noises.
I asked if I
could speak to him.
He inclined his head toward the sun
and reflected for a moment. I
waited as he spat several pebbles
from his mouth.
"Yeth, • he said, then spat out
one more pebble. •r love to
talk.•
•How are things going here
at FSC?• I asked.
"Fine, last week-end we burned
Baker Hall and hanged three students,• he said.
I couldn't believe my ears.
"But Why?• l asked,
•r can't tell you that,• he said.
"We moved on the basis of some
confidential information l received.
But I can tell you it
was in the best interests of the
college.• he said.
"But isn't that unjust?" I asked.
Walker chuckled. ".Justice is
Swope_
a matter of opinion. If you had
read Plato's Republic, you would
have known that.•
I thought 1 had better get off
campus as quickly as possible,
but Dr. Falk's chair blocked my
way. I became angry.
•Haven't you ever heard of
the Golden Rule?" I shouted.
~ Arte de los Barrios
Over 100 paintings by Chicano
artists from all over Aztlan have
come together here in Fresno.
Currently on exhibition at 1447
Van Ness, the art show is the
best to ever hit Fresno and It ls
free. Hosted by the Teatro C:rmpesino whose di rector. Raza Staff
member Luis Valdez, was responsible for getting the show together in Fresno, it is open to
the public weekdays from 1 to 6
p.m. and on weekends from 1 to
8 p.m.
A representative selection of
some 10 to 15 works have been
brought over to go on display here
at the Fresno State College I 1brary as of Tuesday, February
17. But the bulk of the show over 90 paintings - stlll remains
at the Teatro's rehearsal hall on
Van Ness between Olive and
McKinley.
The broad scope of the show
guarantees all who view a deep
experience - el alma de la Raza
unida. The unbelievable range
from the meticulous and honest
reproductions of Aztec glyphs of
Sonia Nevel (#73) to the Funk art
and the Chicano psyched e 11 c
drawings of Slaff member Ernesto Palomino. No more penetrating
Insight and true Chicano perspective ls possible than the "Brown
Bride• os Esteban Villa (#20),
a bride - race mutilated in marriage - with a new white dress
on holding in her hands, perhaps
the future - a bouquet of Jewels,
or the powerful social realism of
Andres Zermeno depicting the
plight of the campesino (#26), the
burning sun on the farmworker's
back, and coming down on him
the ogre of mechanization - neanderthal-like with ham mer in
hand. Zermeno's canvases . are
complemented by our own Chicana student Gloria Osuna's
•ttUELGA" (#106), another piece
o! poignant and biting social com-
I
s ring anywher
I
I
'
r money will b
I • I
price ,s ow, the value terrific. And they lock! They're
together forever .. . never twist
or turn on her finger.
mentary. Or for those with a more
universal spirit, the purity and
simple lines of Francisco Hermande z (#lD and #50), the meticulous crartmanship of Mario
Montenegro 's count r ~- scenes
(#68 and #R 1). or the heroic works
of ,Jose Romero (#3 and 1184).
No amount of ink can do justice
to this show and no words can
transmit the spiritual quality of
the experiences aw a i ting the
viewer at 1447 Van Ness - and
all for FREE!
On weekends an added featurea color film based on Rudolfo
Gonzales' epic poem •Yo Soy
Joaquin" is show - also free.
The film is the artistic creation
of Luis Valdez and his theatre
group - El Teatro Campesino,
all of which go to make Fresno
la capital cultural de. Aztlan.
So all you carnales - get a
carnala and trip on down to the
•Centro• and catch the 1st Annual
• Arte de los Barrios,• porque
'sta "de aquellas. •
EASY BUDGET TERMS
· Student charges Welcome - No Co•signer Necessary .
Special Semester Terms for Students
. .
FRESNO'S LARGEST JEWELERS
.
DOWNTOWN
1107· FULTON MALL
237-2101
Open fri. Hites 'Til 9
I
MANCHESTER
3540 Blackstone
229-8511
Ooen Man. & Fri. Nites 'Tit 9
Condits
f92to
cause dissent. This would cause
a reactionary takeover by the
conservatives and we don't want
that to happen. We want to preserve academic freedom!• he
said.
Convinced by this brilliant logic , I left the old campus with my
mind at ease.
JU.r "LA RAZA"
"Your Closest Florist"
Pay 3.00 week!
•The Golden Rule, like consultative procedures, is legally
non-existent,• he replied.
•But, you've turned this campus into a concentration camp,"
I said.
"Yes, it's regrettable but we
had to do it,• he said. •otherwise, radicals and liberals would
FLOWERS & GIFTS
Finest Corsages & Floral Make-tip
Cedar & Shields Ph . 227-3564
by William Bogan
In an Impressive workofliterary journalism, "La Raza: The
Mexican Americans,• Stan Steiner reports from the depths o!
this community, South Texas to
Delano. Ile talked with farm
workers, members of political
action groups in East Los Angeles; he reports on cultural and
"brown power• stirrings in a
do zen centers most of us have
never heard about. We talked
this in -depth reportage
yesterday. It's a wonderful book,
and should have a far larger audience than it probably will get.
Steiner is the itinerant• Anglo•
scholar who lived with various
Indian tribes over some years
and wrote of an emerging "red
power• in his book "The New
Indians• 0968). He does much
the same for the California and
Southwestern "chicano" here.
It is not the anthropological
study that Oscar Lewis presented in "The Children of Sanchez.~ Rather. it is a broad investigation of a community and a
culture of poverty that has been
ignored by most North Americans. Steiner attempts to record
both the history and new selfawareness of this minority by
letting them speak for themselves. He comes up with, in his
words, "the truth as it exists in
their hearts and minds.• Whether
it is our truth, he adds, •is not
important.•
Although identifying with the
new black self-awareness, the
Mexican Americans are a special
breed. "La Raza,• or "the holy
race,• is an ancient concept which
can be traced back to the Aztecs.
•••••
,1;,
~w:®
"Like the Hebrews in Egypt,•
one explained, "we are just now
becoming free of our bondage.•
They are of all hues, some
black, others with blue eyes and
blond hair, like surfers. So
"brown power" is not a black
power sort of thing, even though,
as another put it, "we are in the
same condition.•
The history of "La Raza• exists
outside textbooks. !or textbooks
merely "institutionalize• what is
remembered. Steiner traces this
history through the words and
emotions of real people.
*
**
Although the new self-awareness is very strong in the Mexican American community, members of it feel time is on their
side. "We are in no hurry,• one
is quoted. "We are clean of national crimes. We have never
been a nation; we have not stolen
the lands of anybody. Time is
running out for the United States,
for Russia, England, for the old
powers. But not for us • . ••
This is a fascinating collective
portrait of a particularly interesting and tragically overlooked
minority now on the move, andof
a new, vigorous culture emerging
within it. including the new chicano press which flourishes (underground. for the most part)
between Houston and San Jose.
"La Raza• is being heard, and
Steiner's "La Raza" helps the
i::est of us understand what is
going on. Read it (Harper &
Row; $'l.95).
-San Francisco Chronicle
J1"' ...... E U.P .......1HEN BLACK
..... AND 1-A 'R.R2A
sr UD\E5.
SO WHAT
EL VENDIOO
(the rock)
another Chicano has died in vietnam
so what !
he was one of many who walked hand in hand
so what !
he was drafted into the united states army
l eavi ng a wi fe and chi ld behind
so what!
they say he di ed for his countr y
what country ?
t hat he died thinking of a beauti ful amer ica
not his wife?
chi ld?
vatos ?
j efe?
jefa?
NO'
he d ied for democracy wh ere a man has
"TH E FREE DOM TO LI VE•
YEA !
he was marr ied and had a child and was reall y
l ovi ng life but he was tak en away from his
loved ones by hi s beauti fu l
CHI ANO LOVING AM ERI A
for what
to be kill ed
but that' s al ri gflt because ther e are many
joc castillos
and t her e may not be a tear for j oe
but I i st en man
becau se you may he nex t
SO WHAT
Reis T ije rina was born one day
In th e rac ist land down Texas way.
His fam il y was poor, had little money
But were ri ch in pride as anyone can be.
un vendido is much like a rock
I ike the rock which does not soak water
el vendido does not accept the truth
but in time dirt will collect on it
it w i ll soak water and it shall begin to crack
a seed wi 11 fal I in the crack
out of which a tree will grow
and in much time the boulder shall disappear
this is process which takes many years
the same as the vendido
but we don't have that much time
because before too many tomorrom
we shal I disappear
Manuel Jimenez
c/ s
HELP STAMP OUT BUGS!
Dynamic Contra Costa
County is anxiously looking
for an intel I igent individual
for Agricultural Inspector
Trainee. Sorry, the pay is
only $584 per month and the
job I im ited to one year.
But during that time, if you
obtain one of the major
state certificates in Agri-·
culture Inspection, it's on
to Agriculture Inspector I
($660-801). We'll even try
to help you I earn. Qua Iif ications are: California
Driver's License and a
Bachelor's degree ••• Yup,
easy requirements.
For
more information, write:
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
Civil Service, P .o. Box710,
Martinez, Cali f~rnia 94553.
manuel jim enez
Th eir pride was apparent to the gringo pigs,
Pri de and hones ty th ey just didn't dig.
They beat up his kin, and shot up his dad.
But it only succeeded in making him mad.
C Is
Reis saw his people i n chains
And he knew it was th e gringo who was to blame.
Re is stood up loud and did he shout
"Just wait till we'r e strong to drive you all out."
Reis organized his people well,
An d I oud did he r ing th e freedom bel I.
He shouted fo r ju sti ce for his brown race,
But was heard onl y by stars in space.
here i am in my class
j ust sitting on my big fat as s
al I around me "gavacllos" sitting
at al I of tll em i fe el I ike spitting
m
He tried to do it th e legal way
But no one Ii stened unt i I that day
Wh en he got ti red and he did say
" We are going to make the gringos pay!"
V,
but that's al I right carnal es
because to them i tel I them cha I e
A cr y ar ose from the gringo castle
Who is t his gr easer who causes this hassle?
allow our leader to fall
we are worse than a snake that crawls.
cannot fi nd a peaceful solution
there is onl y one way left - Revolution!
Minority
Recruitment
Minori ty studen~s currently
enrolled in California Universities and colleges are invited to
attend an all-day minority recruitm ent Open House at the
Univers ity of California, Davis,
School of Law, February 21.
The purpose of the Open House
is to acquaint minority students
with the importance of a legal
education.
Dean Edward L. Barret Jr.
will start the program at 9 a.m.
in King Hall discussing the admission and financing of a legal education. Afterwards Professor Kellis E. Parker will
speak on the Martin Luther King
Program concerning the legal
problems of the disadvantaged.
A
panel discussion, •The
Problems of the Minority Community Are They Solvable
Through the Present Legal Structure?", will be headed by James
Chandler, third year law student.
Other participants are Dr. Ralph
Kennedy, director of the Black
Research and Service Program
at UCD ; Attorney Ralph Abascal,
California Rural Legal Assistance; Victor Falacios, first year
Ch:, ano student; and Brian Tom,
third year Asian-American student.
the teacher looks at th e clothes i wear
and even the way i comb my hair
staring at my combat boots
are those ugly sopllisti cated brutes
On June fift h of si xt y-seven
El Rey Tigre and hi s immortal eleven
Attacked Tie rra Amarailla, a tiny village
To fr ee his men, not to kill or pillage.
If we
Then
If we
Th en
they look at me as if i am • cochino"
hut i know •que soy vato fino"
cause i know that me and my hermanos
are proud to be chicanos
IS A COLLEGE THAT DOES MORE THAN BROADEN
HORIZONS.
IT SAILS TO THEM AND BEYOND.
Learn about it from James McRevnolds; representing
Chapman Col I ege, Orange, California.
On campus
Wednesday, February 25, 1970 ·
9:00 am to 2: 00 pm. Student Center, Room 310
Meno
c/ s
Henry Ramsey, Bay Area attorney, is scheduled guest speaker on the program.
Students interested in attending the Open House may write
to Open House, c/o Minority
Recruitment, School of Law. Kine:
SEE
WORLD CAMPUS AFLOAT
For details contact: Dr. Donald Albright, Dean of Students.
Hall, University of California,
Davis, or by telephoning (916)
752-3604. Students planning to
attend the all-day session may
make arrangements for a free
lunch by calling the law school
directly.
AN OFFICIAL
San Diego State College Tour
Arr a ngements by F o re ign Stud y Le a gu e
EUROPE
1
IN 70
Open to Students,
Faculty, Alumni,
and Interested
Adults.
Optional 6 units of
Extension cre dit
available .
World Air Linea
FROM
LOS ANGELES
June 29 - August 7
FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AND BROCHURE, WRITE OR CALL:
Fresno Representative: DR. R. A . CARR
Department of Finance and Industry, Fresno State Coll e ge
Fresno, California 93726
439-6764
in
-
Auditing
Bank Examining
Correctional and Vocational
Rehabilitation
Economic and Social
Research
Food and Drug
Regulation
General and Narcotic
Investigation
Insurance
Property Acquisition and
Management
Scientific Programming
Social Work
Transportation
Regulation
The State of California has an
ANNOUNCEMENT
6 WEEKS ALL-EXPENSE TOUR
ROME, PARIS, AMSTERDAM, LONDON
plus 3 weeks residence at Strasbourg
CAREERS FOR
COLLEGE GRADUATES
for you at your placement office.
ASK FOR YOUR COPY OF THE
SEE BROCHURE TODAY.
FILE APPLICATION BEFORE
FEBRUARY 20, 1970.
>-·
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1969 fully equipped, low mil ea g e
FORDS - MUSTANGS
IMPALAS - COUGARS
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lwANT ADS
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
carpeted, a/cond. $150 for 2,
share w /3 others $45. 439-6481
For Sale-Sony TC355 Tape Deck
$225. Phone 224-4941
Female rmmate needed, share 3
Bdrm w/2 girls. $50. 299-3560
'67 MGB Conv. White - Excellent
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Expert typing - Thesis, papers,
dissertations. 224-5396.
Sell '57 TR3 w/OD also xtra
chasis and rear end, etc. / '57
VW Ies s eng. $80, 229-1269
La Raza Studies Program is
the Chicano component of the Ethn!c Studies Program at Fresno
State College. Administration of
the program is vested in the La
Raza Chairman with the assistance of the staff and student
assistants from MECHA.
All policy decisions are made
at staff meetings, open to students, and try to refiect a concensus of opinion among those
involved in the program.
philosophy
of the program
The philosophy of·LaRazaStudies Program is the philosophy
of La Raza, Throughout Latin
America, October 12 is celebrated, not as Columbus Day
but as El Dia de La Raza, That
celebration places emphasis, not
on the •discovery• of the continent by the European, but on
emergence of La Raza as the
blending of the indigenous population with the European conqueror and other non-Europeans.
It is what Jorge Lara-Braud
calls •a new family of man•,
and Jose Vasconcelos calls La
Raza Cosmica: the vanguard of
what would eventually become a
universal mestizo race, the human race.
Indio-Hispanic people,
throughout the Southwest, bridge
all provincialism, class determinants , and political differences
by saying •todos somos Raza,
(we are all Ra za)". As a culture concept, La Ra za has always stressed the regenerative
concepts of human solidarity and
inclusivlsm, as opposed to ethnocentrism and exclusivism.
Within the last few years , the
expression "Viva La Ra za" has
become the motto and rallying cry
for those involved in the movement for decoloni zation a nd selfdetermination in the Southwest.
It has heen among the most
oppressed, the poorest in body
and resources, the most disenfranchised , the most alienated ,
and the most in visible, that the
cry "Viva La Raza" has been
heard the loudest.
It ls in the cry for Justice
of the farm worker, the demand
for the return of his land or
the old pueblo resident , the quiet
, resolve of the young Chica na , and
the clenched fist of the young
Chicano - in and out of school,
In and out of prison - ready
to fi ght for a futur e he wants
to build himself, that La Ra za
moves on.
Chlcanismo and Carnalismo
are but expressions of the search
for the ways and means for the
emergence of El Hombre Nuevo,
La Raza Nueva, and a New Social Order. The meaning of bilignualism and biculturalism for
communities in which La Raza
and Anglo-Saxons "co-exist• is
but an invitation to enter into
an experiment as to whether ethnic pluralism without cultural
genocide is possible, or whether
total separatism is the only way
for La Raza to move into the
future.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the La Raza
Studies Program may be expressed using either the institution or the students as a point
of reference.
From the point of view of the
student, La Ra za Studies is an
attempt at making Higher Education relevant to the Chicano.
This means that education must
aim at the development of the
human resources of Chicano students on the basis of their needs.
Chicano students need practical, analytical, and expressive
skills that will allow them to
assess, project and implement
programs for the development of
the forces for change already in
effect in the community: decolonization and self-determinization.
The meaning of decolonization
is the process of development by
which the student is made able
to define himself in terms of
his ethnic background and redefine his future in terms of the
ind! vidual and collect! ve needs of
the community.
Self-determination is the ability of the student and the community to plan and to program
for the implementation of the
solutions they see to the problems that besiege the Chicano
students and the Chicano community.
Whatever academic or professional field the Chicano student
might go into, if he does not
have the tools for self-deterhave the tools for self-definition and self-determination he
will remain dependent psychologically, if not economically, on
the multiple manipulative traps
of an equal and unjust system.
In order to accomplish liberation in the educational arena, that
is, to free the student from this
dependent role, we must strive
for fundamental changes in the
structure and contents of Higher
Education in relation to the Chicano student and community.
Colleges and universities have
defined their role - traditionally - in three sepa rate and
functional components: teaching,
research, and service. Chicanos
have been excluded from higher
education, not only in terms of
numbers but also in terms of
the perfor mance of those i nstitutions in relation to the Chicano community.
Colleges and universities have
performed their traditional roles
in relation to industry, business,
agriculture, government, the military,
law enforcement, and
other sectors of the society, but
have failed to do so in relation
to the Chicano - and other minority - community.
The La Raza Studies Program
presents in its program a model
of what Higher Education can do
to begin developing a viable
teaching role in relation to the
Chicano.
TIIE PROGRAM
La Raza Studies entered its
first full academic year in the
Fall of 19 69. The program had
two stated purposes:
(a) To develop courses for
Chicanos. that fulfill the General
Education requirements while
making the qcquisition of academic skills compatlble with the
life style of the Chicano student
and relevant to his expectations.
(b) To develop courses for
Chicanos as well as for nonChicanos that promote in academic and professional areas the
awareness . knowledge, and sensitivity to the historical and cultural factors that make of Chicanos a unique ethnic group in
the United States.
The program has been, and
continues to be, in the stages of
development. The Ra za staff has
made efforts to design courses
and programs to meet Chicano's
needs.
General
education
courses have been developed;
proposals for an undergraduate
minor and a Master's Degree
Program in La Raza Studies have
been written and submitted soon.
REGl"ONA
(San Joaquin Valley from Bakersfield to Stanislaus)
n
0
California
z
Council of Chicanos .,,
For all High School, Junior College, and College
Students and Teachers
•
Higher Education
WORKSHOPS
on recruitment, fundin g of Chicano ed ucational programs , s tudent organi zations , developing Chicano
Studies Programs and Curriculu m, community and
s chool relations , supportlve service programs , etc.
FEB. 28, 1970
for more inform ation , call La Raza Studies , 487- 1286
$200 ADULTS
Under 12 years 1.75
SPECIALS
9 5(
CANVAS BAG
for ca rry ing
BOOK S
OPEN 9am_ 6pm
WHITE, NAVY & STRI PES
MON - SAT
CAMPUS TOWN
BARBER SHOP
5065 N. CEDAR
onl y
349
AIR FORCE
SUN
229
up
NAVY
895
PEA COATS 1 & up
NAVY SHIRTS
ALL
as taught by
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
Fe b ru a ry 16 (M on d ay ) 8 PM
FSC Ind. Arts 101
BELL BOTTOM
TROUSERS
GLASSES
TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION
:)~:~
z
n
m
Fresno
Introductory Lecture
:,\,!!:
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rn
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1n
SIZES
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~=·=-
:~:::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::;:;:;:::::::::::::;:;:;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::~::::::::::::::~
195
DESERT
TYPE
595
SHOES
G.I. FIELD
JACKETS
495
Most com plete s tock of
Jackets - and s izes in
the Vall ey.
WAR SURPLUS DEPO
602· Broadway
237-3615
. OPEN SUNDAYS
By Ruben Perez
Political prisoner. This term
is one which, in this day and age
ls readily grasped by almost ev~
eryone. What we here in the
United States have much difficulty grasping is the concept and
the reality of its implications.
Traditionally and historically the
term relates to and is associated
with treason, prisoners of war
_ or persons who become prisoner~
as a result of over-throwing a
particular pOlitical party.
For this reason, when one begins to talk and expand the term
and concept to encompass and be
applicable to the brothers and
sisters in prison, often one gets
either an apathetic or incredulous
reaction.
The posltlon of the government
ot this country ls very clear on
this matter: there are no political crimes or prisoners.
Where the government leaves
off, we begin: Third World colonized people of this country that
are in prisons are politicalprisoners.
Prisoners and prisons become
political since they are tools of
politicians and the ruling class.
"Crimes• committed by an oppressed people symbolize and express the attempt to tear off the
bonds of oppression. People are
not born "criminals•, no more
than one ls born educated,
By seriously examining and
exploring the political- judicial
penal system of this country, the
reality of its vicious and criminal
posture is revealed. From the
informer, to the pig, the warden,
and gov e r no r , the so-called
"criminal" is a victim of a racist, materialistic system thatt
recognizes the rebellious spirit
and immediately sets its machinery in motion to dampen and contain, sometimes kill, the person
who will not submit.
To those who find and confront
the system head on, the branding
and systematic degradation of being • mentally ill", •criminal•, or
both, begins. Contrary to popular
~lief, and the in-Vogue psycho-
alytical theory' oppressed people do not com mi t offenses
against the state because mother
sisn•t breast feed them. They are
committed because the Mother
Country does not feed nor meet
the needs of the working and exploited people.
The inablllty to relate to the
needs of the people is an integral
and basic philosophy of the u s
Capitalist Government. Ofnec~s~
Slty lt must do this in order to
keep the self-perpetrating, exploitive, and divisive class struggle in motion and working.
Looking at the judicial-penal
system from the perspective of
people responding to their needs
<th at is, people committing offenses in response, or reaction,
to certain basic needs) it ls within our grasp to begin to see that
people in prison are in effect
victims to the cruelest manifestation of an oppressive-suppressive system. We began by trying
to deal with the concept of political prisoners; those brothers and
siSters who by virtue of their
acts have committed an act that
by the system's definition ls a
political "crime". The concept
of non-politicized political prisoners is one much more elaborate
and complex. By even accepting
such an idea, we enter the vast
arena of so-called •rehabilitative• programs that conceivably
are set up to help people gone
astray; to go "straight•. It is by
entering this arena and by exploring its basic tenets and philosophy
that we encounter the mentality
instilled by the ruling class to
their puppet-governmental figureheads. This mentality assumes without question the position that the persons coming into
a police station are either• sick"
or •criminal•, or both.
From the police (who are the
occupying political army of the
ruling class), to the courts, to
the prisons, to the adult authority
and its parole system, to the
whole machinery of its mental
health correctional department,
LAVOZD~
LAN
it Is a vast undertaking (by the
system) that has the audacity and
the nerve to call ltself•rehabllltatlve• and concerned about the
•crime• in this country.
It never has been, nor will it
ever be, an effective •rehabilitative" system. Failure is inherent because Its whole ap-,
proach ls geared to Instill the
same vicious competitive values
that the person rejected In the
first place. Had the person, at
least half-heartedly, embraced
and accepted these values, he or
she wouldn't be In prison or jail.
It Is from the above point of
view that we find in prisons
throughout this country thousands
upon thousands of brothers and
sisters having committed offensesthat have a very defln1te political Implication: a drug addict,
a burglar, a rapist, a murderer;
who is a human being with all
the attributes of being sensitive
and aware of the inconsistencies
and hypocrisies of the community and country into which he is
born.
This, in a general sense, typifies the non-politicized political
prisoner. It is this person that
we, the Movement, need most
desperately to reach with our
message. We must relate and
convey to our sisters and brothers that the! r rebellious acts
were not negative and •criminal•. Their acts were positive
attitudes that have tried to deal
in an ind! vi dualistic negative way
with an oppressive criminal system. The message must be: join
the Movement and in a collective
brotherly, constructive and ere~
au ve way attack and change the
system!
UNIDOS VENCEREMOS!
• • • con todo caril'io
Querida Raza:
I am very happy about the fact
that we were all able to study
last night our materials onCapitalism. I am also very happy that
all of us had three full meals
and that we were able to give our
girls a ride in our new cars.
Above all, however, I am glad
and joyous that we will be receiving a degree soon so that
we "CAN HELP LA RAZA",
I am very thankful to all the
people who have helped me receive my DEGREES, which in
return have helped me become a
TRUE CAPITALIST. lam, however , very disappointed with all
these people that helped me, because they did not teach me about
LOVE. l only know how to love
myself. l am ashamed I can't
love my RAZA. l love all of you
"college students• but my mind
keeps telling me that you are not
my RAZA. Or, maybe it's that I
see you don't know how to love
either. Don't get mad! l could be
absolutely wrong.
l have told you to HATE this
CAPlT ALISTlC
OPPRESSIVE
nation and you' told me that hate
was evil. I had two years to think
about what you told me. And you
know what? You were right! The
Problem then is that I can't convince myself that we are capable
of loving. But, I could be wrongfor you tell me that eventually
YOU and I will be able •to help
our Raza•.
Yot• must understand, MY
RAZA 1s being killed everyday,
everyday. None of them come to
college, None of them have three
meals a day. None of them are
on Work-Study. None of them say
they are going to help LA RAZA
tomorrow. None of them take LA
RAZA STUDIES classes because
they want to learn the! r culture
or because It is more comfortable than other classes.
At Fresno State College, l
could love Roberto Rubalcava,
who got canned a month ago. l
could love Katherine Panas, who
was refused a job because •it was
not in the best interest of the
college•. I could love Adan Juarez, who won't have a job after
June, 1970. And even those members of the staff who won't have
a job after June, 1970.
LA RAZA I could love are your
parents and relatives that are
still starving in the fields. The
parents who are on the welfare
lines. Your brothers and cousins
who get picked up by the cops,
and then brutally beaten up. All
of those dropouts who were driven out by the system you hope to
replace. All the addicts who needed our hand. And all of those
children who die before they can
take a breath of air.
Oh , I guess there are a lot of
people I could love but l guess
that we are busy preparing ourselves to love our RAZA romorrow. Yet, I could be wrong. Maybe you already love LA RAZA.
It's only that I am confused. l
am not sure of ourselves. I am
not sure of anything anymore. I
feel we are all a bunch of smalltime Capitalists. But like I said,
I could be wrong; so please help
me and set me straight. Show me
that you love MY RAZA. But
most Important, show me how you
can do it - so that I too can
love LA RAZA de BRONCE.
Un abrazo amaroso
Guillermo Martinez
FRESNO STATE COLLEGE , FRESNO , CALIFORNIA
Daily
Collegian
LXXV /79
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1970
Three Years at Fresno State
Over the last three years a significant trend had been developing
at Fresno State College. Due to
the efforts of concerned faculty,
administrators and students, the
Mexican popu!atlon at the only
State College in the Central Valley had begun to Increase so that
at least it seemed that this traditionally excluded portion of the
population was going to take its
rightful place at all levels of
college life. A quick survey of
the facts bear out this optomistlc and hopeful statement.
Fall 1967 saw the beginning
of Proiect 17, the precursor of
the current Educational Opportunity Program. The MexicanAmerican Student Association
had just come Into existence and
begun its works of encouraging
students to continue their eduThere were 190 Mexican-American students on campus out of a total student body
of 9,000. On hand to work with
and help these 190 students were
one full-time Mexican instructor
and twenty-five Mexican support staff members. Nineteen of
the 638 students receiving financial assistance at FSC were
Mexican-Americans.
From these small but positlve
received direct state funding for
steps there developed in 1968 the first time in California history.
a longer, better organized Educational Opportunity Program
This era of progress has sudunder the directorship of Kadenly ended, The present adtherine Panas. The students of ministration has begun a series
the Mexican-American Student of systematic moves against the
Confederation and concerned Mixicans on the Fresno State
members of the faculty, admi- College Campus. The nominanistration and support staff saw tion of Katherine Panas, spethe number of Mexican-Ameri- cialist in billngual education, was
can students on campus rise to rejected. Roberto Rubalcava who
517 out of the total ll,000 stu- spearheaded and directed student
dents on campus.
efforts in Sacramento and can
1969 seemed like the beginning thereby talce the lion's share
of a new era. Mexican-Ameri- of credit of increased EOP has
can student enrollment was up been terminated, The latest proto 759 students out of the 13,000 nouncement of the administr:uion
members of the student body. Is a return to •normal• adthe
The one-man Estudlos de La missions procedures
Raza program had developed in- procedures of the pre-1967 days
to a six-member population to when there were less than two
to a six-member team working hundred Mexican-American stufor the students thereby help- dents on campus and one fulling Increase the college-wide time faculty member,
Mexican faculty population to seThe present administration has
ven full time and ten part time declared war on the Mexicanfaculty members. Thirty-nine American students on campus
Mexican support staff helped at FSC. It wlll not rest until
meet the needs of the students. lt has driven us from the campus.
Largely due to the initial efforts
of the students of Movimeinto
Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan
a significantly expanded E op
ESTUDIOS DE LA RAZA
F.S.C. 197 4
By Robert Cowden ·
I looked forward to visitJng
the campus four years after my
graduation and to seeing the
changes that had occurred, As
I came into the free speech area,
I saw an astonishing thing. A
sedan chair, carried by !our
students, was moving toward me.
There were two Blacks in front,
two Browns behind, and a lone
Indian alongside wavin~ a large
fan.
The chair stopped on command,
and I recognized Dr. Karl Falk
resting against two large pillows. When I asked him about
his peculiar mode of travel, he
patiently explained that it was
comfortable and that the most
important thing on any college
campus was that its president
be comfortable.
He rapped his highly polished
boot sharply with his swagger
stick, and the chair moved on.
As I walked into the grove of
trees by the Library! was pleased
to see that the custom of teaching outside during the summer
was still being observed. It
was another old friend, Dr. James
Fikes. His class sat before him
in precise rows and shouted back
in unison the phrases he read to
them: • America, love it or leave
it; support your local police;
when guns are outlawed, only
outlaws will have guns ; none dare
call it treason ; get a haircut;
and impeach the Supreme Court."
Stopping to talk, I told him I
had heard rumors that students
were being brainwashed. Dr.
Fikes' eyes went hard and the
hair stood up on the back of his
neck. "Horseshit! That's adamn
lie!• he said. I stepped back, to
avoid the necks of foam and
moved along since I could no
longer understand what he was
saying. Soon I could hear his
students chanting, •I'm proud to
be an Okie from Muskogee.•
The next person I saw was Mr.
Phillip Walker, who was standing before the fountain making
strange noises.
I asked if I
could speak to him.
He inclined his head toward the sun
and reflected for a moment. I
waited as he spat several pebbles
from his mouth.
"Yeth, • he said, then spat out
one more pebble. •r love to
talk.•
•How are things going here
at FSC?• I asked.
"Fine, last week-end we burned
Baker Hall and hanged three students,• he said.
I couldn't believe my ears.
"But Why?• l asked,
•r can't tell you that,• he said.
"We moved on the basis of some
confidential information l received.
But I can tell you it
was in the best interests of the
college.• he said.
"But isn't that unjust?" I asked.
Walker chuckled. ".Justice is
Swope_
a matter of opinion. If you had
read Plato's Republic, you would
have known that.•
I thought 1 had better get off
campus as quickly as possible,
but Dr. Falk's chair blocked my
way. I became angry.
•Haven't you ever heard of
the Golden Rule?" I shouted.
~ Arte de los Barrios
Over 100 paintings by Chicano
artists from all over Aztlan have
come together here in Fresno.
Currently on exhibition at 1447
Van Ness, the art show is the
best to ever hit Fresno and It ls
free. Hosted by the Teatro C:rmpesino whose di rector. Raza Staff
member Luis Valdez, was responsible for getting the show together in Fresno, it is open to
the public weekdays from 1 to 6
p.m. and on weekends from 1 to
8 p.m.
A representative selection of
some 10 to 15 works have been
brought over to go on display here
at the Fresno State College I 1brary as of Tuesday, February
17. But the bulk of the show over 90 paintings - stlll remains
at the Teatro's rehearsal hall on
Van Ness between Olive and
McKinley.
The broad scope of the show
guarantees all who view a deep
experience - el alma de la Raza
unida. The unbelievable range
from the meticulous and honest
reproductions of Aztec glyphs of
Sonia Nevel (#73) to the Funk art
and the Chicano psyched e 11 c
drawings of Slaff member Ernesto Palomino. No more penetrating
Insight and true Chicano perspective ls possible than the "Brown
Bride• os Esteban Villa (#20),
a bride - race mutilated in marriage - with a new white dress
on holding in her hands, perhaps
the future - a bouquet of Jewels,
or the powerful social realism of
Andres Zermeno depicting the
plight of the campesino (#26), the
burning sun on the farmworker's
back, and coming down on him
the ogre of mechanization - neanderthal-like with ham mer in
hand. Zermeno's canvases . are
complemented by our own Chicana student Gloria Osuna's
•ttUELGA" (#106), another piece
o! poignant and biting social com-
I
s ring anywher
I
I
'
r money will b
I • I
price ,s ow, the value terrific. And they lock! They're
together forever .. . never twist
or turn on her finger.
mentary. Or for those with a more
universal spirit, the purity and
simple lines of Francisco Hermande z (#lD and #50), the meticulous crartmanship of Mario
Montenegro 's count r ~- scenes
(#68 and #R 1). or the heroic works
of ,Jose Romero (#3 and 1184).
No amount of ink can do justice
to this show and no words can
transmit the spiritual quality of
the experiences aw a i ting the
viewer at 1447 Van Ness - and
all for FREE!
On weekends an added featurea color film based on Rudolfo
Gonzales' epic poem •Yo Soy
Joaquin" is show - also free.
The film is the artistic creation
of Luis Valdez and his theatre
group - El Teatro Campesino,
all of which go to make Fresno
la capital cultural de. Aztlan.
So all you carnales - get a
carnala and trip on down to the
•Centro• and catch the 1st Annual
• Arte de los Barrios,• porque
'sta "de aquellas. •
EASY BUDGET TERMS
· Student charges Welcome - No Co•signer Necessary .
Special Semester Terms for Students
. .
FRESNO'S LARGEST JEWELERS
.
DOWNTOWN
1107· FULTON MALL
237-2101
Open fri. Hites 'Til 9
I
MANCHESTER
3540 Blackstone
229-8511
Ooen Man. & Fri. Nites 'Tit 9
Condits
f92to
cause dissent. This would cause
a reactionary takeover by the
conservatives and we don't want
that to happen. We want to preserve academic freedom!• he
said.
Convinced by this brilliant logic , I left the old campus with my
mind at ease.
JU.r "LA RAZA"
"Your Closest Florist"
Pay 3.00 week!
•The Golden Rule, like consultative procedures, is legally
non-existent,• he replied.
•But, you've turned this campus into a concentration camp,"
I said.
"Yes, it's regrettable but we
had to do it,• he said. •otherwise, radicals and liberals would
FLOWERS & GIFTS
Finest Corsages & Floral Make-tip
Cedar & Shields Ph . 227-3564
by William Bogan
In an Impressive workofliterary journalism, "La Raza: The
Mexican Americans,• Stan Steiner reports from the depths o!
this community, South Texas to
Delano. Ile talked with farm
workers, members of political
action groups in East Los Angeles; he reports on cultural and
"brown power• stirrings in a
do zen centers most of us have
never heard about. We talked
this in -depth reportage
yesterday. It's a wonderful book,
and should have a far larger audience than it probably will get.
Steiner is the itinerant• Anglo•
scholar who lived with various
Indian tribes over some years
and wrote of an emerging "red
power• in his book "The New
Indians• 0968). He does much
the same for the California and
Southwestern "chicano" here.
It is not the anthropological
study that Oscar Lewis presented in "The Children of Sanchez.~ Rather. it is a broad investigation of a community and a
culture of poverty that has been
ignored by most North Americans. Steiner attempts to record
both the history and new selfawareness of this minority by
letting them speak for themselves. He comes up with, in his
words, "the truth as it exists in
their hearts and minds.• Whether
it is our truth, he adds, •is not
important.•
Although identifying with the
new black self-awareness, the
Mexican Americans are a special
breed. "La Raza,• or "the holy
race,• is an ancient concept which
can be traced back to the Aztecs.
•••••
,1;,
~w:®
"Like the Hebrews in Egypt,•
one explained, "we are just now
becoming free of our bondage.•
They are of all hues, some
black, others with blue eyes and
blond hair, like surfers. So
"brown power" is not a black
power sort of thing, even though,
as another put it, "we are in the
same condition.•
The history of "La Raza• exists
outside textbooks. !or textbooks
merely "institutionalize• what is
remembered. Steiner traces this
history through the words and
emotions of real people.
*
**
Although the new self-awareness is very strong in the Mexican American community, members of it feel time is on their
side. "We are in no hurry,• one
is quoted. "We are clean of national crimes. We have never
been a nation; we have not stolen
the lands of anybody. Time is
running out for the United States,
for Russia, England, for the old
powers. But not for us • . ••
This is a fascinating collective
portrait of a particularly interesting and tragically overlooked
minority now on the move, andof
a new, vigorous culture emerging
within it. including the new chicano press which flourishes (underground. for the most part)
between Houston and San Jose.
"La Raza• is being heard, and
Steiner's "La Raza" helps the
i::est of us understand what is
going on. Read it (Harper &
Row; $'l.95).
-San Francisco Chronicle
J1"' ...... E U.P .......1HEN BLACK
..... AND 1-A 'R.R2A
sr UD\E5.
SO WHAT
EL VENDIOO
(the rock)
another Chicano has died in vietnam
so what !
he was one of many who walked hand in hand
so what !
he was drafted into the united states army
l eavi ng a wi fe and chi ld behind
so what!
they say he di ed for his countr y
what country ?
t hat he died thinking of a beauti ful amer ica
not his wife?
chi ld?
vatos ?
j efe?
jefa?
NO'
he d ied for democracy wh ere a man has
"TH E FREE DOM TO LI VE•
YEA !
he was marr ied and had a child and was reall y
l ovi ng life but he was tak en away from his
loved ones by hi s beauti fu l
CHI ANO LOVING AM ERI A
for what
to be kill ed
but that' s al ri gflt because ther e are many
joc castillos
and t her e may not be a tear for j oe
but I i st en man
becau se you may he nex t
SO WHAT
Reis T ije rina was born one day
In th e rac ist land down Texas way.
His fam il y was poor, had little money
But were ri ch in pride as anyone can be.
un vendido is much like a rock
I ike the rock which does not soak water
el vendido does not accept the truth
but in time dirt will collect on it
it w i ll soak water and it shall begin to crack
a seed wi 11 fal I in the crack
out of which a tree will grow
and in much time the boulder shall disappear
this is process which takes many years
the same as the vendido
but we don't have that much time
because before too many tomorrom
we shal I disappear
Manuel Jimenez
c/ s
HELP STAMP OUT BUGS!
Dynamic Contra Costa
County is anxiously looking
for an intel I igent individual
for Agricultural Inspector
Trainee. Sorry, the pay is
only $584 per month and the
job I im ited to one year.
But during that time, if you
obtain one of the major
state certificates in Agri-·
culture Inspection, it's on
to Agriculture Inspector I
($660-801). We'll even try
to help you I earn. Qua Iif ications are: California
Driver's License and a
Bachelor's degree ••• Yup,
easy requirements.
For
more information, write:
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
Civil Service, P .o. Box710,
Martinez, Cali f~rnia 94553.
manuel jim enez
Th eir pride was apparent to the gringo pigs,
Pri de and hones ty th ey just didn't dig.
They beat up his kin, and shot up his dad.
But it only succeeded in making him mad.
C Is
Reis saw his people i n chains
And he knew it was th e gringo who was to blame.
Re is stood up loud and did he shout
"Just wait till we'r e strong to drive you all out."
Reis organized his people well,
An d I oud did he r ing th e freedom bel I.
He shouted fo r ju sti ce for his brown race,
But was heard onl y by stars in space.
here i am in my class
j ust sitting on my big fat as s
al I around me "gavacllos" sitting
at al I of tll em i fe el I ike spitting
m
He tried to do it th e legal way
But no one Ii stened unt i I that day
Wh en he got ti red and he did say
" We are going to make the gringos pay!"
V,
but that's al I right carnal es
because to them i tel I them cha I e
A cr y ar ose from the gringo castle
Who is t his gr easer who causes this hassle?
allow our leader to fall
we are worse than a snake that crawls.
cannot fi nd a peaceful solution
there is onl y one way left - Revolution!
Minority
Recruitment
Minori ty studen~s currently
enrolled in California Universities and colleges are invited to
attend an all-day minority recruitm ent Open House at the
Univers ity of California, Davis,
School of Law, February 21.
The purpose of the Open House
is to acquaint minority students
with the importance of a legal
education.
Dean Edward L. Barret Jr.
will start the program at 9 a.m.
in King Hall discussing the admission and financing of a legal education. Afterwards Professor Kellis E. Parker will
speak on the Martin Luther King
Program concerning the legal
problems of the disadvantaged.
A
panel discussion, •The
Problems of the Minority Community Are They Solvable
Through the Present Legal Structure?", will be headed by James
Chandler, third year law student.
Other participants are Dr. Ralph
Kennedy, director of the Black
Research and Service Program
at UCD ; Attorney Ralph Abascal,
California Rural Legal Assistance; Victor Falacios, first year
Ch:, ano student; and Brian Tom,
third year Asian-American student.
the teacher looks at th e clothes i wear
and even the way i comb my hair
staring at my combat boots
are those ugly sopllisti cated brutes
On June fift h of si xt y-seven
El Rey Tigre and hi s immortal eleven
Attacked Tie rra Amarailla, a tiny village
To fr ee his men, not to kill or pillage.
If we
Then
If we
Th en
they look at me as if i am • cochino"
hut i know •que soy vato fino"
cause i know that me and my hermanos
are proud to be chicanos
IS A COLLEGE THAT DOES MORE THAN BROADEN
HORIZONS.
IT SAILS TO THEM AND BEYOND.
Learn about it from James McRevnolds; representing
Chapman Col I ege, Orange, California.
On campus
Wednesday, February 25, 1970 ·
9:00 am to 2: 00 pm. Student Center, Room 310
Meno
c/ s
Henry Ramsey, Bay Area attorney, is scheduled guest speaker on the program.
Students interested in attending the Open House may write
to Open House, c/o Minority
Recruitment, School of Law. Kine:
SEE
WORLD CAMPUS AFLOAT
For details contact: Dr. Donald Albright, Dean of Students.
Hall, University of California,
Davis, or by telephoning (916)
752-3604. Students planning to
attend the all-day session may
make arrangements for a free
lunch by calling the law school
directly.
AN OFFICIAL
San Diego State College Tour
Arr a ngements by F o re ign Stud y Le a gu e
EUROPE
1
IN 70
Open to Students,
Faculty, Alumni,
and Interested
Adults.
Optional 6 units of
Extension cre dit
available .
World Air Linea
FROM
LOS ANGELES
June 29 - August 7
FOR DETAILED INFORMATION AND BROCHURE, WRITE OR CALL:
Fresno Representative: DR. R. A . CARR
Department of Finance and Industry, Fresno State Coll e ge
Fresno, California 93726
439-6764
in
-
Auditing
Bank Examining
Correctional and Vocational
Rehabilitation
Economic and Social
Research
Food and Drug
Regulation
General and Narcotic
Investigation
Insurance
Property Acquisition and
Management
Scientific Programming
Social Work
Transportation
Regulation
The State of California has an
ANNOUNCEMENT
6 WEEKS ALL-EXPENSE TOUR
ROME, PARIS, AMSTERDAM, LONDON
plus 3 weeks residence at Strasbourg
CAREERS FOR
COLLEGE GRADUATES
for you at your placement office.
ASK FOR YOUR COPY OF THE
SEE BROCHURE TODAY.
FILE APPLICATION BEFORE
FEBRUARY 20, 1970.
>-·
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is selling
1969 fully equipped, low mil ea g e
FORDS - MUSTANGS
IMPALAS - COUGARS
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lwANT ADS
Furn 2 BR across from dorms
carpeted, a/cond. $150 for 2,
share w /3 others $45. 439-6481
For Sale-Sony TC355 Tape Deck
$225. Phone 224-4941
Female rmmate needed, share 3
Bdrm w/2 girls. $50. 299-3560
'67 MGB Conv. White - Excellent
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Expert typing - Thesis, papers,
dissertations. 224-5396.
Sell '57 TR3 w/OD also xtra
chasis and rear end, etc. / '57
VW Ies s eng. $80, 229-1269
La Raza Studies Program is
the Chicano component of the Ethn!c Studies Program at Fresno
State College. Administration of
the program is vested in the La
Raza Chairman with the assistance of the staff and student
assistants from MECHA.
All policy decisions are made
at staff meetings, open to students, and try to refiect a concensus of opinion among those
involved in the program.
philosophy
of the program
The philosophy of·LaRazaStudies Program is the philosophy
of La Raza, Throughout Latin
America, October 12 is celebrated, not as Columbus Day
but as El Dia de La Raza, That
celebration places emphasis, not
on the •discovery• of the continent by the European, but on
emergence of La Raza as the
blending of the indigenous population with the European conqueror and other non-Europeans.
It is what Jorge Lara-Braud
calls •a new family of man•,
and Jose Vasconcelos calls La
Raza Cosmica: the vanguard of
what would eventually become a
universal mestizo race, the human race.
Indio-Hispanic people,
throughout the Southwest, bridge
all provincialism, class determinants , and political differences
by saying •todos somos Raza,
(we are all Ra za)". As a culture concept, La Ra za has always stressed the regenerative
concepts of human solidarity and
inclusivlsm, as opposed to ethnocentrism and exclusivism.
Within the last few years , the
expression "Viva La Ra za" has
become the motto and rallying cry
for those involved in the movement for decoloni zation a nd selfdetermination in the Southwest.
It has heen among the most
oppressed, the poorest in body
and resources, the most disenfranchised , the most alienated ,
and the most in visible, that the
cry "Viva La Raza" has been
heard the loudest.
It ls in the cry for Justice
of the farm worker, the demand
for the return of his land or
the old pueblo resident , the quiet
, resolve of the young Chica na , and
the clenched fist of the young
Chicano - in and out of school,
In and out of prison - ready
to fi ght for a futur e he wants
to build himself, that La Ra za
moves on.
Chlcanismo and Carnalismo
are but expressions of the search
for the ways and means for the
emergence of El Hombre Nuevo,
La Raza Nueva, and a New Social Order. The meaning of bilignualism and biculturalism for
communities in which La Raza
and Anglo-Saxons "co-exist• is
but an invitation to enter into
an experiment as to whether ethnic pluralism without cultural
genocide is possible, or whether
total separatism is the only way
for La Raza to move into the
future.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the La Raza
Studies Program may be expressed using either the institution or the students as a point
of reference.
From the point of view of the
student, La Ra za Studies is an
attempt at making Higher Education relevant to the Chicano.
This means that education must
aim at the development of the
human resources of Chicano students on the basis of their needs.
Chicano students need practical, analytical, and expressive
skills that will allow them to
assess, project and implement
programs for the development of
the forces for change already in
effect in the community: decolonization and self-determinization.
The meaning of decolonization
is the process of development by
which the student is made able
to define himself in terms of
his ethnic background and redefine his future in terms of the
ind! vidual and collect! ve needs of
the community.
Self-determination is the ability of the student and the community to plan and to program
for the implementation of the
solutions they see to the problems that besiege the Chicano
students and the Chicano community.
Whatever academic or professional field the Chicano student
might go into, if he does not
have the tools for self-deterhave the tools for self-definition and self-determination he
will remain dependent psychologically, if not economically, on
the multiple manipulative traps
of an equal and unjust system.
In order to accomplish liberation in the educational arena, that
is, to free the student from this
dependent role, we must strive
for fundamental changes in the
structure and contents of Higher
Education in relation to the Chicano student and community.
Colleges and universities have
defined their role - traditionally - in three sepa rate and
functional components: teaching,
research, and service. Chicanos
have been excluded from higher
education, not only in terms of
numbers but also in terms of
the perfor mance of those i nstitutions in relation to the Chicano community.
Colleges and universities have
performed their traditional roles
in relation to industry, business,
agriculture, government, the military,
law enforcement, and
other sectors of the society, but
have failed to do so in relation
to the Chicano - and other minority - community.
The La Raza Studies Program
presents in its program a model
of what Higher Education can do
to begin developing a viable
teaching role in relation to the
Chicano.
TIIE PROGRAM
La Raza Studies entered its
first full academic year in the
Fall of 19 69. The program had
two stated purposes:
(a) To develop courses for
Chicanos. that fulfill the General
Education requirements while
making the qcquisition of academic skills compatlble with the
life style of the Chicano student
and relevant to his expectations.
(b) To develop courses for
Chicanos as well as for nonChicanos that promote in academic and professional areas the
awareness . knowledge, and sensitivity to the historical and cultural factors that make of Chicanos a unique ethnic group in
the United States.
The program has been, and
continues to be, in the stages of
development. The Ra za staff has
made efforts to design courses
and programs to meet Chicano's
needs.
General
education
courses have been developed;
proposals for an undergraduate
minor and a Master's Degree
Program in La Raza Studies have
been written and submitted soon.
REGl"ONA
(San Joaquin Valley from Bakersfield to Stanislaus)
n
0
California
z
Council of Chicanos .,,
For all High School, Junior College, and College
Students and Teachers
•
Higher Education
WORKSHOPS
on recruitment, fundin g of Chicano ed ucational programs , s tudent organi zations , developing Chicano
Studies Programs and Curriculu m, community and
s chool relations , supportlve service programs , etc.
FEB. 28, 1970
for more inform ation , call La Raza Studies , 487- 1286
$200 ADULTS
Under 12 years 1.75
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TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION
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Fresno
Introductory Lecture
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