The Grapevine Magazine · Grapevine, February 1972

Title

eng Grapevine, February 1972

Relation

eng Grapevine Magazine

Date

eng 1972-02

Format

eng PDF, 48 pages

Identifier

eng SCMS_gvmz_00015

extracted text

Special
BLACK
HISTORY

EDITION

Super sandals crafted in Italy
in

fonvtk

The greatest styles you II ever set toot
are here in our new Shoe Department All
leather. in your favorite strappy looks

Edmonds ?fCollection.
..

999

When

Give a R
for her. .. choose from these
precious stones, set in 18
karat gold, in the Edmonds
collection.

A. Topaz quartz and diamonds
$100
B. Amethyst and diamond cluster $300
C. Garnet and diamond ring
$150

for him ... these handsome diamonds, also set in 18 karat
gold, for today, for tomorrow,
for the days that follow.
Remember ...at Edmonds you
may take up to a full year to
pay.
D. Gents diamond solitaire
E. Gents diamond cluster

$450
$250

CHARGE or BUDGET

Eomonos

JCPenney

Diamond Merch
Since
1889

FASHION FAIR

The values are here every day.
Downtown Fulton Mall
Fresno Fashion Fair
OPEN SUNDAY 12 to 5
Grapevine

2

February, 1972

•

For information call M

February, 1972

3

CREDO
This we believe ...

3.

4.

1.

that the customer is right . . . first, last,
and always . . .

2.

that Ro<l<lers quality for quality will never
be undersold ...

that there will be only one price . . . the
price marked is the price sold . . .

that progress and integrity shall always be
our watchword . . . in appointment, in
merchandise, in courtesy, in friendliness ...

5.

that Ro<l<lcrs shall be a working civic force
in the city of our birth ...

6.

that we, too, must reflect the image of our
position in the community and be aware
of our debt to the community . . .
49 Years
California f or

Fashion Leaders in

•
FRESNO
CONCORD

Grapevine

4

Hayward
SAN JOSE

•

February, 1972

fresno fashion fair
SALUTES
BLACK HISTORY MONTH
and
HERITAGE DAYS
FEB. 12 thru FEB. 21
Public Costume Contest

Feb. 21 -

2:00 p.m.

Custumes
Reflecting 18th & 19th Century
These coupons can be used
one at a time or together.
When you have used ·them
both, you will have saved
one dollar. These coupons
are good at all Kentucky
Fried Chicken Take-outs in
Fresno and Selma.

AMERICAN HERITAGE
YOUR FRIENDLY MERCHANTS OF
FRESNO Fashion

r-------------

-----

SPEC/AL !

:.

sPEc1A L!

DOLLAR!

I
I

You get aregularS1.30Dinner Box
for 1ust a dollar. plus tax. That's 3
pieces of chicken. a dinner roll.
mashed potatoes, gravy and cole
slaw. Offer is limited to four din

on a BUCKET
or BARREL
Good thru Mar . 15th
BUCK ET Regular S4 50, you save 75c.
Sale price S3.75 pluss tax You get 15 pieces
of chicken, 6 dinner
.1 rolls and a pint of gravy
BARREL. Regular S5 95, you save 75c.

I

Sale price S5 20 plus tax. You get 21 pieces
of finger lick n' qood chicken. Offer is limited
to two barrels and two buckets per coupon .

~---------------------------ners per coupon.

Grapevine

6

February, 1972

FAIR

WEINSTOCK'S
GALLEN KAMP
GOTTSCHALK'S
DOCKTOR PET CENTER
SECURITY NATIONAL BANK COZETTE'S
CROCKER-CITIZENS BANK
GARDNER SHOES
COFEEE'S
ALLEN SHOES
WALTER SMITH
TINDER BOX
KINGS FLOWERS
HICKORY FARMS
PICKWICK BOOKS
CAROUSEL
TOPPS & TROWSERS
WOOLWORTH
COVER GIRL
MOTHERHOOD MATERNITY
ROGERS JEWELRY
DOTTY DEAN
BASKIN ROBBINS
TOY WORLD
EL POCO CANDLE SHOP
PETITE SOPHISTICATES
HODGE &SONS
WEINSTOCK'S AUTO CENTER
MANDELS
TALL FASHIONS
DISCOUNT RECORDS
ELAINE'S SPORTSWEAR
GENTRY, LTD.
KINNEY 'S SHOES
GUNNYSACK
SINGER
FASHION FABRICS
OPTI-CAL
HARVEST HOUSE
FRESNO CAMERA EXCHANGE
SEE'S CANDY
HOUSE OF NINE
FIRST AND SHAW

February, 1972

•

7

C. H BAKER
VILLAGE EAST
EDMONDS
BOBBIE WEST
FLAGG BROS SHOES
PARKLANE HOSIERY
KUSHINS
PARTY CARD
JARMAN SHOES
MORROW NUT HOUSE
LERNER SHOPS
CHAUNCEY'S
S & KSHOES
WEAR HOUSE
RUEBENS
MID LAND SAVINGS
RODDER'S
YOUNGSTER'S
J. C. PENNEY (Fall 1971)
ORANGE JULIUS

OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK

Grapevine

CITY OF FRES 0
oFFICEo

the Mayor

Black
History

Pr o r a ma ti o n
WHEREAS ,

for many generations the Negro has made substantial
contr1butions to American li fc in

the fields of

economic development science, art , music, literature
and law; and

INTRODUCTION

WHEREAS,

research into the history of the Negro

race and a

proper recording, dissemination and teaching of the

Negro's role in the history of our country is necessary

This month's edition of the GRAPEVINE is an attempt to briefly enlighten people of all races, young and old, of the historical background
and multiple contributions of Black people in the context of the American
culture.
I have selected, for this issue, several excerpts from "The Black Experience," an educational reprint publication, to emphasize the Black
people's strengths, devotion to the course of freedom and their heroism
that has helped to determine America's destiny.

in order that the Negro

may have the bencf1 t of his

tradition and heritage ; and
WHEREAS,

since 1926 , a designated week has been observed during

which attention is focused upon the Negro and his
historical background:
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ted C. Wills , Mayor of the City of Fresno, do
hereby proclaim the week of February 6-12 , 1972 , as
NEGRO

This pictorial-history edition was also conceived with the idea of
stimulating our readers to do more research into the history of the Black
people.

HISTORY

WEEK

in the City of fresno, and during this period the
citizens of the City are invited to participate and

I am especially grateful to Dr. Fritzalbert Marius for his art sketches
of famous Black people that appears in this month's Black History edition. Special thanks also goes to Miss Karen Dennemeyer, Mrs. Pearl
Weiser, and to my wife, Betty, for their help in gathering the historical
information.

view the achievements of the Negro to the end that
they may become aware of the contribution of the Negro
to civilization.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set rny
hand and caused the Seal of the City of Fresno
to be affixed this 27th day of January, 1972 .

Sincerely,
MAYOR

Editor and Publisher
CCCCCCGrapevine

8

February, 1972

February, 1972

9

Grapevine

Daily Tragedies In The Black Man's Life
The Black man began experiencing tragedies at birth. They
sometimes continued with him until death.
As the nineteenth century ended and the twentieth century progressed, Black men lived with Whites in a separate but unequal
society. The cruelty and dishonesty of southern Whites caused many
southern Blacks to leave the farms and flee to the cities in the
North. They were forced to live in slums or were restricted to
segregated neighborhoods.
Many Black children were born into poverty. They suffered from
hunger and disease. They were bitten by rats that infested their
tumble-down dwellings. They died as a result of eating the leadbased paint that peeled from the walls or as a result of exposure
to the elements of environment. Their educational facilities were
often inferior.
In some cities Blacks were denied the use of parks, playgrounds,
hospitals, and other public services and recreational facilities. Restaurants admitted them only as waiters, cooks, dishwashers, etc.
Admittance to movies, if at all, was to the upper balcony or "Jim
Crow Roost." The back of the bus, the edge of the sidewalk, and
the end of the line were places reserved for Blacks. Drinking fountains and toilet facilities were separate. Blacks paid higher prices
for inferior articles of food, clothing, etc.
Men frequently found themselves without work. The few available jobs open to them were quickly filled. Black women worked as
poorly paid domestics in private homes. They soon became breadwinners for their children. As a result, the father-image and the
family structure within the home was severely damaged.
Black soldiers who fought for freedom and for the protection of
the United States and for democracy in other lands were denied
the basics of liberty in their own country. Even in death, Black
heroes have been denied a decent burial in White cemeteries.
Blacks have been denied the right to vote, the right of free
speech, and the right of protection under the law. Despite these
handicaps, they have continued to progress. They continued to
hope even as their wives and children were berated, beaten, and
assaulted by White men. They refused to submit even though they
were whipped, mutilated, and shot. They continued to seek legal
aid even as their attackers were set free . They have refused to be
silenced, mentally crushed, or demoralized. They have emerged a
determined people, proving unjust stereotypes to be false. Thousands have achieved an education; thousands hold responsible jobs;
thousands have worked steadily to improve conditions for themselves and · for this country.

CARTER G. WOODSON (1875-1950)

FATHER OF NEGRO HISTORY - Organized Association for the Study
of Negro Life and History, 1910. Initiated the annual February observance of Negro History Week, 1926. Wrote and published 16 outstanding
books on Negro History.

j. E. Ethridge

Construction
Company

1118 DIVISADERO

TELEPHONE 266-0781

Grapevine

10

February, 1972

February, 1972

FRESNO, CA 93721

11

Grapevine

Black Roots In Africa

Black history began in Africa. It was there that great Black
civilizations and empires were built. Black people developed their
own cultures. Scholarly Blacks made great contributions to .the
cultures of the time . Black culture has united with other cultures
and the best of these cultures has been passed down through centuries to us today.
Africa today occupies a prominent place in world progress. People there are forming new independent nations. What was once
thought to be a dark, mysterious continent is now shedding light
on the development of man . Recent excavations indicate to some
scientists that East Africa was the home of the earliest of Stone
Age cultures. In 1960 archeologists uncovered in Tanzania stone
implements and what is believed to be the oldest human skull yet
found.
Egypt, a Republic of Northeast Africa, has often been called the
cradle of civilization. Many of its beliefs and practices have spread
throughout the world. Our twelve-month calendar, seven-day week,
and system of weights (pounds and ounces) have come from Egyptian culture. The modern religious belief of life-after-death was
also a basic Egyptian belief. Egyptians developed principles of
geometry and practiced early methods of surgery. They expressed
themselves through art and literature. They were the first to use
stone in architecture. Egyptians also made papyrus, a material
for writing.
History indicates that civilization developed in Egypt more than
6000 years ago . It was a land suited for the development of a
great civilization. It had all the necessities for life; warmth, water,
and fertile soil.

MARCUS A. GARVEY (1887-1940)
PREACHED RETURN TO AFRICA
Preached economic independence
and the return of Black people to Africa as the solution to the "Negro"
problem in America. Although his dream failed his greatness lies in his
daring to dream of a better future for Black people somewhere on earth.
MACK HAYNES

Top Job Masonry
FireplacesO ur Specialty
FRESNO

237-3729

1132 KLETTE STREET

MADERA - OR 4-5542

Grapevine

12

February, 1972

February, 1972

FRESNO, CALIF. 93706

13

Grapevine

I
1

"'

MAHALIA JACKSON (1911-1972)

RALPH J. BUNCHE (1904-1971)
DIPLOMAT, U. N. MEDIATOR - Received forty-plus honorary degrees
and one Nobel Prize of Peace for the contributions he has made to
America and world peace. Bunche, who died recently, was one of America's most honored Blacks.

WORLD FAMOUS GOSPEL SINGER Well known throughout the
world in large and small churches as a stirring singer of Black gospel
songs. Has used her musical talents at rallies, benefits, and other similar
functions as her contribution toward making the world a better place
for all people.

POPE TIRE CO.

Parker's

Kelly Springfield Tires
PIPES and TOBACCOS

RECAPPING OUR SPECIALTY•

l._h

PH.264-47
7 67
1709 Broadway
Grapevine

14

GET YOUR PERSONAL CUSTOM BLENDED TOBACCO,
MIXED RIGHT BEFORE YOUR EYES
BY A PROFESSIONAL TOBACCONIST.
1232 FULTON MALL

FRESNO, CALIF . 93721

RAY HUNTER , JR., MGR.

February, 1972

February, 1972

PHONE 233 - 0774

15

Grapevine

Black Men In The New World

Black men came to the New World at an early date. They came
as servants, slaves, and explorers. One of them, Pedro Alonso Nino,
piloted one of Columbus' ships. Thirty Black men helped Balboa
as he discovered the Pacific Ocean. Three hundred slaves accompanied Cortez during the conquest of Mexico. Black men searched
in Florida with Ponce De Leon for the "Fountain of Youth." Others
helped in the founding of St. Augustine, Florida, America's oldest
city. Estevanico, sometimes called "Little Steven," led the first expedition into what is now New Mexico and Arizona.
The first Black men and women in the English colonies landed
in Jamestown in August of 1619, one year before the Mayflower.
The group of twenty had been traded to the townspeople in exchange for food and other provisions.
These Black people worked as indentured servants. Whereby a
slave worked a specified period of time, at the end of which they
enjoyed freedom as citizens. Other Blacks came to America as
indentured servants. They worked and lived with Whites on a basis
of equality.
In 1624 the first Black child was born in America. He was William Tucker, the son of Isabella and Antony, two of the servants
who landed in 1619.
As Englishmen developed sugar plantations in the West Indies,
the need for slaves to work in the fields increased. Indians and
Whites were first used as slaves in the New World. Indians found
the hard work of slavery difficult. Many became sick and died.
Many of the Whites who came as slaves were criminals, rebels, or
paupers. They had been sold into slavery for life or for a specified
number of years. Thousands of children had been kidnapped or
sold by their parents into slavery. The slavery of Whites terminated
after they had served the required time. Children of White slaves
were not enslaved but were born free. Many Whites escaped from
slavery. Their escape was made easy because their white skins
made them difficult to detect among other White citizens. They
spoke the language and had similar customs of the White population.
The Black men became the chief target for slavery. Unlike the
Whites and Indians, the Black man could not return home. Because of his black skin, he could be easily recognized. He did not
share the language and customs of his enslavers. To add to his
desirability, he could be purchased at a low price, often for a few
beads or trinkets. He was a slave for life and his children were
also slaves.
Grapevine

16

February, 1972

FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1817-1895)
FAMOUS ABOLITIONIST
Statesman, orator, writer, anti-slavery lecturer, and one of the foremost abolitionists of his day. Douglass was
Marshal of District of Columbia, Minister of Haiti, and founder and editor of a paper which advocated emancipation.

ALERT CLEANERS
Laundry

Alterations

Pick-up & Delivery

Check our 2 for the price of 1 Dry Cleaning Service on: Men's
pants, plain sweaters, and plain Ladies' skirts, Mon. thru Fri.

1660 "A" Street

Phone: 268-2055

HAZEL AND VIRGIL HANKINS-OWNERS

February, 1972

17

Grapevine

Slave ShipsThe Westward Journey

Slave ships left their homeland and traveled to the desired spot
on the coast of Africa. After securing slaves and supplies, they
traveled westward across the Atlantic to the West Indies, South
America, or North America. This most inhumane journey was commonly referred to as the "Middle Passage." Little thought was
given to the physical needs and comfort of the slaves. The slavers
only desire was to get as many slaves on the ship as possible and
therefore increase their profits.
The slaves were shackled together by twos, with their hands
and feet joined. Some were chained to the deck by the neck and
legs. They were given barely enough room to lie down, sit down,
sit up, or turn around. These positions were sometimes kept for
the entire six-to-ten week journey. Air was foul and people died
of suffocation. Diseases such as tuberculosis, dystentry, smallpox,
and flu were common aboard ship. Slaves went mad, many died.
Their bodies were thrown into the sea. Sharks often followed ships
all the way across the Atlantic.
Slaves had different backgrounds. Some had been slaves in
Africa. Others were kings, members of royal families, captives of
war, and victims of kidnapping. They were of different tribes and
some from different parts of Africa. Because of these factors they
found little, if any, consolation in each other. They shared only a
black skin and a lowly state.
Many slaves could not adjust to the tragic circumstances. They
became melancholy and died soon after the journey began. Some
leaped overboard into the mouths of hungry sharks or starved
themselves to death. Slaves rose up in mutiny against their captains and crews. Captains made efforts to decrease the number of
deaths aboard ship. Slaves were forced to eat. Netting was placed
around the deck to prevent leaps overboard. Slaves were brought
upon deck for air and made to exercise. Here they were forced to
"dance" by being lashed with a whip. Women and children were
allowed to move unchained in rooms below deck.
Some slaveships carried as many as seven hundred slaves. Often
little more than half survived the journey. However, this number
was enough to provide great profits for the slavers. Millions of
Africans were brought across the Atlantic as slaves.

HARRIET TUBMAN (1826-1913)
BLACK MOSES OF HER RACE
Nurse, scout, spy, and the leading
"conductor of the Underground Railroad" which was neither a railroad
nor underground, but a system for helping countless thousands of slaves
to escape to freedom.
A Fresno West Development Company Project

MANNING GARDEN TOWNE HOUSE
CONVALESCENT HOSPITAL
OPENS NEW ADDITION
10:00 a.m.
Feb. 16, 1972

Fresno, Calif.

940 Merced St.
Grapevine

18

February, 1972

February, 1972

19

Grapevine

NAT LOVE (DEADWOOD DICK)

ROY WILKINS (1901-

BLACK COWBOY -

Former slave and one of the many unsung Black
cowboys, Nat Love earned the title of Deadwood Dick, a former hero
published in novels starting in 1877, by winning a roping contest in the
cowboy town of Deadwood in thtt Dakota Territory.

SPOKESMAN FOR NAACP Executive Secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from April,
1955. Former editor of organization's "Crisis" magazine. Has spearheaded many successful drives for Black Equality.

Fresno Dodge

GRAVES LIQUOR STORE
LIQUOR

-·-

WINE

BEER

DEPENDABLE USED CARS
New Car Dept. -650 Fulton (one block South of the Moll)
Phone: 264-971 l

233-3601

Used Car Dpt.- Von Ness at Ventura
Phone: 264-9715

FRESNO

2583 S. ELM
Grapevine

DODGE CARS AND TRUCKS

20

February, 1972

February, 1972

21

Grapevi ne

Slavery In The United State-I

Slavery in America did not start on a full scale until the 1700's.
Before that time, the main labor problem was that of clearing the
vast amount of land in order that crops, primarily tobacco, could
be planted. Black and White indentured servants, as well as slaves,
performed this task satisfactorily.
As the landowners began to grow more and different kinds of
crops, there was a need for additional labor. As England became
more involved in the overseas slave trade, slaves became easier
to get. Black slavery soon became the preferred system. A slave
could be purchased for a cheaper price than an indentured servant,
and he could be purchased for life. All children born to him became
slaves of the master. His upkeep was less expensive. Because of
his color, escape was not easy. Slavery was soon thought of only
in terms of the Black man. Laws were passed to force this status
upon him.
Plantation slaves were grouped in several categories. Some
were field hands; others were skilled artisans; some were domestics.
The field hands were classified according to the amount of work
they could do. Children were called quarterhands and began working at the age of five or six. They began by pulling weeds, picking
cotton, cleaning the yard, or carrying water. As they grew to ten
or twelve years of age, they became half hands and three quarter
hands. They performed some of the more strenuous tasks. By the
age of eighteen, they were classified as full hands. These slaves
cultivated sugar, rice, tobacco, and hemp. They picked cotton and
grew corn. They dug ditches, cut wood, killed hogs, and salted
meat. They repaired fences and buildings, ployed and planted the
fields, and did numerous other jobs on the plantation. Older slaves
did lesser jobs. Women mended clothes, cared for young children,
and cooked. Older men watched over the stock, cleaned the yard,
planted and tended gardens. Weaker or disabled slaves spun
thread, wove cloth, and did lighter chores.
A slave's day began at daybreak and ended at dusk. He worked the year round with only a few days of leisure at Christmas time
and the beginning of the New Year.
Plantation slaves worked under two systems. Under the gang
system, slaves were placed in groups and watched over by a
driver. It was the driver's duty to make them work as fast as possible. Under the task system, each slave was given a particular
job to do, and he worked at his own pace. His work was inspected
when it was finished. In some places, a combination of both systems was used.
Grapevine

22

February, 1972

MALCOLM X (1925-1965)
SPOKESMAN FOR THE BLACK GHETTOES - One of the most forceful
and articulate former Muslims. He became a powerful spokesman for ,
a generation of angry young Blacks living in America's Black Ghettoes.
Although he was killed by an assassin's bullets, the force of his philosophy and the strength of his action have become the call of modern
militancy.

MR. BOLO'S CORNER
featuring ...

P & R LIQUOR
1205 FRESNO ST.

Al's Coffee Shop

Mr. Bold Men's Boutique

1215 Fresno St.

1219 Fresno St.
February, 1972

23

Grapevine

Attention Readers 11

Attention Readers 11

GRAPEVINE MAGAZINE'S
Commemorating

RAINBOW BALLROOM
1725 ·B roadway St.

f\CK HISTORY CELEBRATION
k History Month

Saturday, February 19, 1972
Time : 9:00 P.M. to 2:00 A.M.

Downtown, Fresno

Donations: $4

- FEATU RING Black History & Cu ltu re Displays
Awards Ceremony - Fashion Show
Dance

Program
Black History and Culture Display
by Nadine Mayo

Fashion Show

9:00-9:45 P.M.

featuring many of Central California's Best Dressed
Men and Women with popular San Francisco Disc
Jockey (KDIA) Bob Jones and wife, Dezi, as
Master of Ceremonies. Fashions by Mr. Bold and
Weinstock's.

Awards Ceremony 9:45- 10:00P.M.
honoring Outstanding People who have contributed
to the betterment of Black People in Central
California
Model Roy Lee

Dance 10:00 P.M.-2:00 A.M.
featuring Bobby Logan and the Professionals
Central California 's best

"BENEFIT OF

Model Michael Johnson

MMUNITY
SERVICE ACTIVITIES"

OR WR ITE TO

GRAPEVINE MAGAZINE
1014 S. Trinity
Fresno, Calif. 93706

Slavery In The United States-II
Slaves worked in practically every skilled and unskilled occupation . Those with special skills did no field work. They were engineers, carpenters, blacksmiths, mechanics, etc. Some slaves were
prized domestics. Others worked in sawmills, quarries, fisheries,
and iron foundries. Slaves who lived in the towns worked in tanneries, shipyards, laundries, and factories. Artisans such as cabinet
makers, blacksmiths, barbers, and shoemakers were often hired out
by their masters. Written contracts stated the length of service and
type of work the slave would perform. Widows, orphans, and
spinsters often lived off the profits gained by hiring out their
slaves. Masters provided in their wills that their slaves should be
hired out to support their heirs. Churches were given slaves and
gained from the profits of their labor. Almost every white artisan
had a slave apprentice who worked in return for being taught a
trade.

Slaves never adjusted to the status of bondage. They repeatedly
attempted to escape. Some escaped from cruel masters who punished them frequently and worked them unmercifully. There were
even some who escaped from kind, gentle masters who treated
them well. Once they had escaped, they desperately tried to prevent recapture . They were helped along the way by other slaves
who fed and hid them and by free Blacks and Whites.
The majority of escapees were men. One woman, Harriet Tubman, escaped from a farm in Maryland. She returned to slave ter- ·
ritory many times and led more than three hundred men and women to freedom .
Escaped slaves banded together. Some formed colonies in the
forests and boldly attacked plantations, cities, and towns. In August,. 1831 , in Southhampton, Virginia, a quiet and trusted slave
rose 1n rebellion. Nat Turner and a band of followers began by
killing the family Turner served. Within a two day period, they
killed sixty or more Whites. Turner's rebellion was followed by
many more. In 1822, a plot by Denmark Vesey was discovered.
Another slave revealed his plan of insurrection which would have
involved thousands of slaves.
Slaves with no hope of escape showed their dissatisfaction with
bondage in other ways. They purposely did as little work as possible. They pretended illness and injury or injured themselves to
avoid work. If forced to work, they did so carelessly. Crops and
farm equipment were sabotaged by rebellious slaves. Slaves stole
meat and food from storehouses to enrich their diets or to trade
with other slaves for other items. Slaves did whatever they could
to cause the master trouble.

Grapevine

26

February, 1972

WILLIAM E. B. DuBOIS (1868-1963)
FOUNDER OF NAACP - Scholar, spokesman, and writer. One of the
founders of the NAACP in 1908. Debated Booker T. Washington over
the type of education needed by Black people in America. DuBois has
been listed in Who's Who in America every year since it was first published in 1898.

EVERYBODY'S MARKET
2290 S. ELM

FRESNO, CALIF.

February, 1972

27

Grapevine

MADAME C. J. WALKER (1869-1919)

DR. DANIEL HALE WILLIAMS (1856-1931)

FIRST WOMAN MILLIONAIRE Pioneer Black businesswoman. She
achieved fame and wealth as a result of her innovations in the Black
hair preparation business. Founded world's oldest and biggest Black
cosmetics company. She was a financial genius whose business methods
were widely copied.

PLAN NOW TO ATTEND

MADERA

FRESNO

486-2770

PERFORMED FIRST SUCCESSFUL HEART SURGERY - Without today's
modern equipment and techniques Dr. Williams performed a successful
heart operation to save a life. Founded Provident Hospital, 1893, and
set up first Black nursing school in the United States.

MARTINOIL

674-4391
13876 So . Hwy . 99

2368 So. Elm

ARCO

Commemorating Black History Month

Saturday, February 19, 1972

For Kleen Burn Propane call the

. .complete petroleum service, too .

28

9:00 P.M. - 2:00 A.M.
Donation $4.00
BENEFIT OF COMMUNITY
SERVICE ACTIVITIES

RAINBOW BALLRO 0 M

MARTINOIL COMPANY
Grapevine

,

GRAPEVINE MAGAZINE'S
BLACK HISTORY CELEBRATION

February, 1972

1725 Broadway
February, 1972

29

Grapevine

Slavery In The United States-Ill
A slave was considered property, and he could be bought and
sold like a piece of furniture . Whole families were separated in
these sales: husband from wife, sister from brother, etc. A slave
served one master but was expected to respect all white men . He
was subjected to many rules. He was not to be taught to read , to
write, or possess books . He was allowed to preach to other Blacks
only in the presence of a White person . Slaves could not gather
in large groups. They could not work with or marry free Blacks,
nor could they work with Whites .
Punishment for breaking slave laws took several forms . The most
common was whipping with a lash . There were other punishments;
persons with easy jobs were forced to do hard work in the fields ;
lawbreakers often had their food rations cut; some offenders were
put in the plantation jail, in chains or iron; many were branded
or mutilated .
Slaves found comfort in religion . Death was the only escape for
many. They sang songs, not because they were happy, but because
they were troubled . They sang of relief from earthly sorrows and
the joys they hoped to find in heaven. Many of these thoughts have
been preserved and are sung today in the form of "Negro Spirituals."
Some slaves persuaded their masters to let the m hire out. They
saved the money they made and paid for their own release. Others
persuaded their masters to write statements in their wills which
would free them after the master's death . Slaves often argued in
the courts and petitioned for their freedom.
Although each of the thirteen colonies had slaves, most of the
slaves were in the South. The warm climate and type of soil allowed the growth of several plantation crops, all of which required
the use of many slaves.
Not all slave owners were White. Some were Blacks who had
been freed . These Blacks still had relatives and friends in bondage.
In order to free them, they purchased them from their masters.
Successful Black planters owned as many as eighty-four to one
hundred slaves. Some also employed White helpers.
Other free persons living in the towns were escaped slaves and
those whose ancestors had always been free . They were denied
most of the privileges of citizenship. They could not live in any
area they desired. They were permitted to hold only the unimportant jobs. Often they were forced to live on charity. They had to
be ready to show papers which proved that they were really free;
otherwise, they ran the risk of being resold into slavery. Despite
these handicaps, many became outstanding citizens.

THURGOOD MARSHALL (1908"MR. CIVIL RIGHTS" - First and only Black man on the United States
Supreme Court. For twenty-four years, as Chief Legal Counsel of the
NAACP, Marshall master-minded the basis of legal cases firmly establishing the rights of Black people.

kay's
junior woman and junior min apparel

Lanz ORIGINALS
1127 Fulton Mall, Fresno

Phone 264-9765

Grapevine

30

February, 1972

February, 1972

31

Grapevine

The Black Revolution
Many people think that the Black revolution has just begun. This
is an incorrect belief. Black people have been revolting against
cruelty, injustice, and inhumanity for many years. The Black church
has been a major influence in inspiring its people. It is one of the
oldest social institutions and was the first place where the slave
was permitted any free participation. In 1839 (African Methodist
Episcopal Church) was organized . This church, which is now Bethel
A.M .E. Church , became the key force in the fight for full citizenship for Black people. The recent phase of the Black Revolution
began in the 1960's. A group of Black students were denied service
in a downtown southern restaurant. They continued to sit patiently and wait for service. Their method of operation became known
as the "sit-in." It was practiced in segregated establishments
throughout the country.
All over the South Blacks began to picket, sit-in, and boycott
businesses that segregated against them. They held demonstrations
on the steps of State Capitols, in front of court houses, and in downtown streets. Participants were cautioned to enter into the action
without malice and to be prepared to withstand physical attacks
without fighting back. The attacks came and were varied and
many. Some demonstrators were attacked by White citizens, while
others were assaulted by law officials. High pressure water hoses,
electric cattle prods, dogs, clubs, and tear gas were used in an
attempt to silence and restrain legitimate protest. Stories of these
activities in newspapers and on television proclaimed to the country and to the . world the cruelty, the injustice, and the fear of many
American Whites . As a result, the cause received sympathy and
support . from other Blacks and Whites throughout the country. Protest achv1t1es sprang up elsewhere. Charges were made in local
communities and governments. New laws were passed by Congress
to alleviate some of the problems . For many Blacks, the changes
were welcome but too few; enforcement of the law was too slow
Attacks against Blacks and Whites who helped them continued .
Some Blacks theorized that if the White man could use violence
to destroy peaceful demonstrations and to enforce the denial of
human rights to Blacks, then the Black man could use violence to
attain his 1ust rights . Those full of hopelessness and despair found
a means of expression in violence. They could call attention to the
needs, the problems, and the desires of people in the Black ghettos of big c1t1es.
Blacks wa_nted a voice in deciding their own destinies . They were
tired of paying rent to a White landlord , buying food at a Whiteowned grocery, shopping downtown in White-controlled stores.
They stressed more pride in the history and culture of Black people
Th ey wanted to develop more Black businesses control their own
schools, and have a share in the control of the community. Militants
mad e . popular the slogan, " Black Power." Many Blacks did not
want integration and advocated complete separation from Whites .
Grapevine

32

February, 1972

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968)
CRUSADER OF NON-VIOLENCE First president the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Leader of the famous bus boycott in
Montgomery, Alabama. Winner of the world Nobel Peace Prize (1964)
for his leadership in the non-violent fight against racial segregation.

The GRAPEVINE MAGAZINE is now on
Newsstands throughout Central
Ca Iiforn ia.
MERCED TULARE -

February, 1972

MADERA CLOVIS VISALIA HANFORD
LEMOORE DELANO WASCO BAKERSFIELD
And Other Surrounding Towns

33

Grapevine

Blacks In The Fight
For America's Freedom
In the latter part of the 1700's the English colonies in America
began to rebel against English rule. On March 5, 1770, an incident
known as the Boston Massacre occurred. A few Blacks were among
a group of fifty or sixty townspeople who attacked several British
soldiers. The soldiers fired into the crowd, killing three men and
wounding eight. Crispus Attucks, a runaway slave, was the first to
die . He had escaped from his master in Framingham, Massachusetts,
about twenty years earlier. On the night of the massacre, he led
a group of townspeople against the soldiers. When the first shots
were fired he fell. The Boston Massacre and the incidents which
followed led to the Revolutionary War. Blacks were a part of the
skirmishes which preceded the war. They were among the minutemen alerted by Paul Revere during his ride through Massachusetts.
They fought in the early battles and in the major battles of the .
war. Peter Salem and Salem Poor became heroes in the Battle of
Bunker Hill. Cuff Hayes, Prince Hall, and Caesar Dickerson were a
few of many gallant soldiers who fought during the revolutionary
period. Pompey, a Black spy, gathered information which led to
the victory at Stony Point. Crossing the Deleware with George
Washington were Oliver Cor:mwell and Prince Whipple.
When the Revolutionary War began in 1775, the British recruited
Black slaves by promising freedom to all who would join them.
Thousands of slaves succeeded in escaping from their masters and
joining British forces. Some served as laborers, spies, carpenters,
miners, blacksmiths, etc., while others fought actively as seamen,
sailors, etc. After the war, thousands left this country, as free men,
on British ships.
Blacks also fought on the side of the colonists. When George
Washington was placed in command of colonial troops, he forbade
the enlistment of Black soldiers. Some Whites were afraid of placing guns in the hands of Blacks, while others thought it unfair to
ask Blacks to fight for White freedom. Because the British encouraged Black enlistments, Washington changed his order. Free Blacks
who had fought in earlier battles were allowed to enlist. Later all
Blacks, slave and free, were welcomed. Some slaves fought in place
of their masters. Some fought as a result of the promise of being
granted freedom . Others were free Blacks who volunteered . In the
beginning , they were not wanted as soldiers but as laborers. They
built fortifications , cared for horses, and worked as personal servants. Later they were allowed to enlist as soldiers. They fought
primarily in integrated units; however, there were a few Black
companies. They fought nobly and well. As many as five thousand
Blacks fought for the freedom of America.
Grapevine

34

February, 1972

MUHAMMAD ALI
COLORFUL HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION - Handsome, intelligent, and
witty. His brilliant boxing career is without doubt one of the best ever
in the history of the sport. Black people who once looked down upon
him now consider him a leader because of his Black pride and his open
indifference to white people attitudes. All has been made welcome as
a guest in the countries of many great leaders throughout the world.

PEPSI

YOU'VE GOT A LOT TO LIVE
PEPSI'S GOT A LOT TO GIVE

PEPSI-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY
Fresno, Calif.
2751 S. Maple Ave .
February, 1972

35

Grapevine

I

.

,

J

MARIAN ANDERSON (1902-

WORLD FAMOUS CONCERT CONTRALTO - One of America's greatest contraltos. Has appeared in concerts throughout the world and had
command performances for the crowned heads of Sweden, Norway,
Denmark, and England. She was first Black person to sing at the Metropolitan Opera.

\

\--

I

LENA HORNE (1917-

SINGING STAR OF AMERICA - Beautiful recording, movie and television adress. Starred in "Cabin in the Sky," "Stormy Weather" and
other films popular to Black audiences. Has recently played an important role in securing equal rights for Black people in America.

CHICAGO
PROFIT

GONGS WHITES BRIDGE MARKET

.

FURNITURE

SHARING

COMPANY

SALE

245 E. WHITES BRIDGE

COMPLETE HOME FURNISHERS

PRICE

FRESNO, CALIF.

POLICY

.-

2139 STANISLAUS
Owner-Cy Darbinian

Grapevine

36

February, 1972

February, 1972

37

-

FRESNO, CALIF.
Since 1900

Grapevine

Black Awareness Of Identity

Black people are found in all parts of the world. Large Black
populations in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in the West
Indies and the United States, have had problems of identity due
to the conditions found in the areas where they live and work. For
many years the people who ruled these countries did not encourage Blacks to preserve their native customs. In fact, most of the
time Black people were made to feel ashamed of their culture and
were taught to accept the ways of Whites. Even missionaries in
Africa forbade the people to use their talents in the native arts .
Black people who wished to hold on to their culture have had to
do so in secret. Recently, however, there has been a great revival
in the movement for Black people to retain their religion, their
family life, their music, their dances, and many more of their habits. Black people are becoming more and more proud of themselves and their backgrounds as truthful historians reveal much of
the superior accomplishments of their own people.
Blacks are now very proud of their African background. They
are making trips to Africa in increasing numbers. They are wearing
clothing made from African cloth and styled from African fashions .
The Afro hair style is proudly worn by many Black men and
women.

Dr. Fritzalbert Marius
Grapevine's Black History Artist
The artist was born in Colon Panama of West Indian parents. He was
.
Inability to make a living as an artist forced him to •further_ his education. He received his AB at Lincoln University, Pa., and his M.D. at
Howard University in Washington, D. C.
.
Dr• .Marius has had a number of exhibits in Fresno. He believes that
one is born to expressive art form and that like other experiences .
life one can express only fully those environs which are part of
style. He states that it is natural that a Black man express himself
Black oriented art forms.
.
The Grapevine staff is especially grateful to Dr. Marius for ta
time away from his busy schedule to draw the sketches that appear on
the cover and throughout this Black History edition.
Grapevine
39
February, 1972

reared in Harlem and studied art in New York City.

Grapevine

38

February, 1972

SNIFF & BONNIE'S
The Burger Joint With Soul

:00 A.M. DAIL

GOSPEL
CARAVAN

Come on in, take a seat, and relax with . .
Sniff's fi sh w is h a meal
that feels good all the way
down.

-

-

The Soul Sandwich
Black and Beautiful -

The Bonnie Burger - You've got
to taste it to believe it.

Bonnie McArn

7:00 a.m. -

We're sponsored by
Stewart Tabernacle A.M.E . Zion Church

11 :30 a.m. daily

JAZZ AND BLUES.
Martin at California

264-2115

(across from Franklin School)

Call us anytime

KEVIN LYNN SHOW

Sundays

2:00 P.M.
5:15 P.M.
P RHYTH
l :00 P.M. -

5:45 P.M. Daily

EL JESSY
MEXICAN AMERICAN
FAVORITES

REV. RUEBEN A. SCOTT

FI RS T I N

FAS H I O N S

SINCE 1910

11 :30 - 12:00 A.M.

A

R
February, 1972

41

Grapevine

Arts & Crafts
Creativity
Free Play
Hot Lunches

½ Day Learning Pre-School Program
Ages 2 thru 8
Enroll Now for Fall!!
Transportati on to Public Schools

FRESNO

Bambi's
's
nursery .
I

school

"Where the People
Make the Difference"

I

State licensed

221 Fresno St.
Fresno, California
Phone: 268- 1466
State Licensed
Complete Insured Liability
Credentialed Teachers
Member of the National Assoc. for the Education of Young Children

R.C.A. - GENERAL ELECTRIC - ZENITH - WESTINGHOUSE

Meet Miss Karen Porter
Karen has been with Sears since October 16, 1967.
Her first job was in our Customer Service Department.
After 3 years of part-time and full-time service, Karen
was promoted to our Personnel Department. We are
proud to have people like Karen Porter working for
us . The next time you are in Sears, stop by the Personnel Department and say hello.

I

•:

APPLIANCE and
FURNITURE
1049

BROADWAY

FRESNO,

PHONE 485 2564

CALIF.

93721

''Come and See Our Complete Furniture Selection"

-t1oJyou
for shopping
Grapevine

42

for

atSears

February, 1972

s

JOHN GAROFOLI
VIC ANTONINO

February, 1972

485-2564
43

Corner of Broadway
and Divisadero
Grapevine

THE GRAPEVINE MAGAZINE
PURPOSE
-To provide a magazine that is orientated to Black people which will
be educational and enjoyable to both children and adults.
-To promote the positive aspects of the life and history of Black people
in Fresno and surrounding towns in Central Califomia.
-To make available a forum for people of minority races so that they
may speak out on issues that affect their lives.
- To instill pride in Black people young and old.
-To bring about harmony between people of all races.
ACHIEVEMENTS
-First magazine to specialize in covering the life and history of Black
people in Central California.
- Magazine is first to publish a Who's Who of Black people in the
Central California areas.
- Magazine's Editor and Staff have received awards and acclaim from
the Black community and the United States Army for the effort mad
by the staff to honor Black people who contribute to the community
who otherwise would go unnoticed .
-Magazine is read by approximately 100,000 adults and children each
month .
-Magazine staff has honored, through articles and pictures, over 2 ,000
individuals and civic groups in the Fresno and Central California a rea.
-Magazine staff has hired approximately 70 part-time and full-time
minority pe ople over the past two and one-half yean.
-Magazine is used widely as supplementary classroom reading material in schools and colleges in the Fresno and Central California area.
-Magazine has subscribers in over 40 different cities in California,
twelve different states, and four foreign countries.

KEEP UP WITH WHAT'S HAPPENING

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FRESNO, CALIF .

PHONE (209) 485·5670

February, 1972
February, 1972

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Grapevine

SERVING THE
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February, 1972

February, 1972

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Grapevine

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